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Valla L, Pitrat D, Mulatier JC, Le Bahers T, Jeanneau E, Ali LMA, Nguyen C, Gary-Bobo M, Andraud C, Bretonnière Y. Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine and Imidazo[1,5- a]pyridine: Electron Donor Groups in the Design of D-π-A Dyes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8407-8419. [PMID: 38853362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This work investigates the electron-donating capabilities of two 10-π electron nitrogen bridgehead bicyclic [5,6]-fused ring systems, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine rings. Eight compounds with varying positions of electron-withdrawing moieties (TCF or DCI) coupled to the imidazopyridine ring were synthesized and studied. DCI-containing compounds (Ib-IVb) exhibited a purely dipolar nature with broad absorption bands, weak fluorescence, large Stokes shifts, and strong solvatochromism. In contrast, TCF-containing compounds (Ia-IVa) demonstrated diverse properties. Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives Ia and IIa were purely dipolar, while imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives IIIa and IVa displayed a cyanine-like character with intense absorption and higher quantum yields of emission. The observed gradual red shift in optical properties with changing electron-donor groups (IIb < Ib < IIIb < IVb) and (IIa < Ia < IIIa < IVa) underscores the stronger electron-donor character of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine compared to that of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine. Furthermore, crystalline powders of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives exhibited fluorescence despite minimal emission in solution. Two compounds (Ib and IVa) were successfully formulated into nanoparticles for potential in vivo imaging applications in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Valla
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Pitrat
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Mulatier
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Tangui Le Bahers
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342 Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France 5 Rue Descartes, Paris 75005, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Univ Lyon, Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, Université Lyon I, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Lamiaa M A Ali
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Nguyen
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Magali Gary-Bobo
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Yann Bretonnière
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342 Lyon, France
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Volpi G, Laurenti E, Rabezzana R. Imidazopyridine Family: Versatile and Promising Heterocyclic Skeletons for Different Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:2668. [PMID: 38893542 PMCID: PMC11173518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing attention focused on various products belonging to the imidazopyridine family; this class of heterocyclic compounds shows unique chemical structure, versatile optical properties, and diverse biological attributes. The broad family of imidazopyridines encompasses different heterocycles, each with its own specific properties and distinct characteristics, making all of them promising for various application fields. In general, this useful category of aromatic heterocycles holds significant promise across various research domains, spanning from material science to pharmaceuticals. The various cores belonging to the imidazopyridine family exhibit unique properties, such as serving as emitters in imaging, ligands for transition metals, showing reversible electrochemical properties, and demonstrating biological activity. Recently, numerous noteworthy advancements have emerged in different technological fields, including optoelectronic devices, sensors, energy conversion, medical applications, and shining emitters for imaging and microscopy. This review intends to provide a state-of-the-art overview of this framework from 1955 to the present day, unveiling different aspects of various applications. This extensive literature survey may guide chemists and researchers in the quest for novel imidazopyridine compounds with enhanced properties and efficiency in different uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Volpi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.L.)
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Peng J, Li S, Huang J, Meng Q, Wang L, Xin W, Li W, Zhou W, Zhang L. Construction of Imidazole-Fused-Ring Systems by Iron-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-H Amination-Cyclization under Aerobic Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16581-16588. [PMID: 37976463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed efficient C-H amination for the construction of imidazole-fused-ring systems was developed under aerobic conditions. Compared to previous studies, this work exhibited green features. The reaction was conducted in the green solvent anisole, with water as the only byproduct. Four C(sp3)-H bonds were cleaved and three C-N bonds were formed in this transformation. Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-, imidazo[5,1-b]oxazole-, imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-, imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-, and imidazo[1,5-a]imidazole-related N-heterocycles were obtained in acceptable-to-excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Peng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Shijia Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Junwei Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Qianli Meng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wenlong Xin
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Weini Li
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California91010, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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Cerrato V, Volpi G, Priola E, Giordana A, Garino C, Rabezzana R, Diana E. Mono-, Bis-, and Tris-Chelate Zn(II) Complexes with Imidazo[1,5- a]pyridine: Luminescence and Structural Dependence. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093703. [PMID: 37175116 PMCID: PMC10179938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New mono-, bis-, and tris-chelate Zn(II) complexes have been synthesized starting from different Zn(II) salts and employing a fluorescent 1,3-substituted-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine as a chelating ligand. The products have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; mass spectrometry; and vibrational spectroscopy. The optical properties have been investigated to compare the performances of mono-, bis-, and tris-chelate forms. The collected data (in the solid state and in solution) elucidate an important modification of the ligand conformation upon metal coordination; which is responsible for a notable increase in the optical performance. An intense modification of the emission quantum yield along the series in the solid state is observed comparing mono-, bis-, and tris-chelate adducts; independently from the anionic ligand introduced by ionic exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Volpi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Priola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Giordana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Garino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Rabezzana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Eliano Diana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Imidazo[1,5- a]pyridine-Based Fluorescent Probes: A Photophysical Investigation in Liposome Models. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123856. [PMID: 35744979 PMCID: PMC9230927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine is a stable scaffold, widely used for the development of emissive compounds in many application fields (e.g., optoelectronics, coordination chemistry, sensors, chemical biology). Their compact shape along with remarkable photophysical properties make them suitable candidates as cell membrane probes. The study of the membrane dynamics, hydration, and fluidity is of importance to monitor the cellular health and to explore crucial biochemical pathways. In this context, five imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-based fluorophores were synthesized according to a one-pot cyclization between an aromatic ketone and benzaldehyde in the presence of ammonium acetate and acetic acid. The photophysical features of prepared compounds were investigated in several organic solvents and probes 2–4 exhibited the greatest solvatochromic behavior, resulting in a higher suitability as membrane probes. Their interaction with liposomes as artificial membrane model was tested showing a successful intercalation of the probes in the lipid bilayer. Kinetic experiments were carried out and the lipidic phase influence on the photophysical features was evaluated through temperature-dependent experiments. The results herein reported encourage further investigations on the use of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine scaffold as fluorescent membrane probes.
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