1
|
Nayebi A, Navashenaq JG, Soleimani D, Nachvak SM. Probiotic supplementation: A prospective approach in the treatment of COVID-19. Nutr Health 2022; 28:163-175. [PMID: 34747257 PMCID: PMC9160438 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211049631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite strategies based on social distancing, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) expands globally, and so far, many attempts have been made to achieve effective treatment for patients with COVID-19. This disease infects the lower respiratory tract and may lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). COVID-19 also can cause gastrointestinal infections. Therefore, COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms are more likely to be complicated by SARS-CoV. In this disease, acquired immune responses are impaired, and uncontrolled inflammatory responses result in cytokine storms, leading to acute lung injury and thrombus formation. Probiotics are living microorganisms that contribute to the health of the host if administered in appropriate doses. Aim: This study aimed to provide evidence to show the importance of gut dysbiosis in viral disease, especially COVID-19. Therefore, we have focused on the impact of probiotics consumption on preventing severe symptoms of the disease. Methods: We have entirely searched SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases to collect evidence regarding the relationship between probiotics and viral infections to expand this relationship to the COVID-19. Results: It has been shown that probiotics directly counteract SARS-CoV in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Moreover, probiotics suppress severe immune responses and prevent cytokine storms to inhibit pathologic inflammatory conditions in the body via modulation of immune responses. Conclusion: According to available evidence based on their antiviral and respiratory activities, using probiotics might be an adjuvant therapy to reduce the burden and severity of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Nayebi
- Student Research Committee, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Davood Soleimani
- Student Research Committee, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Seyyed Mostafa Nachvak, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6719851552, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Student Research Committee, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh K, Rao A. Probiotics: A potential immunomodulator in COVID-19 infection management. Nutr Res 2021; 87:1-12. [PMID: 33592454 PMCID: PMC7881295 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an ongoing global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 affects the human respiratory tract's epithelial cells, leading to a proinflammatory cytokine storm and chronic lung inflammation. With numerous patients dying daily, a vaccine and specific antiviral drug regimens are being explored. Probiotics are live microorganisms with proven beneficial effects on human health. While probiotics as nutritional supplements are long practiced in different cuisines across various countries, the emerging scientific evidence supports the antiviral and general immune-strengthening health effects of the probiotics. Here, we present an overview of the experimental studies published in the last 10 years that provide a scientific basis for unexplored probiotics as a preventive approach to respiratory viral infections. Based on collated insights from these experimental data, we identify promising microbial strains that may serve as lead prophylactic and immune-boosting probiotics in COVID-19 management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuljit Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036 India
| | - Alka Rao
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036 India; Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Šikić Pogačar M, Langerholc T, Mičetić-Turk D, Možina SS, Klančnik A. Effect of Lactobacillus spp. on adhesion, invasion, and translocation of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken and pig small-intestinal epithelial cell lines. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:34. [PMID: 32013961 PMCID: PMC6998324 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter spp. are a major cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease. This mainly arises through contamination of meat products during processing. For infection, Campylobacter spp. must adhere to epithelial cells of the mucus layer, survive conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, and colonise the intestine of the host. Addition of probiotic bacteria might promote competitive adhesion to epithelial cells, consequently reducing Campylobacter jejuni colonisation. Effect of Lactobacillus spp. (PCS20, PCS22, PCS25, LGG, PCK9) on C. jejuni adhesion, invasion and translocation in pig (PSI cl.1) and chicken (B1OXI) small-intestine cell lines, as well as pig enterocytes (CLAB) was investigated. RESULTS Overall, in competitive adhesion assays with PSI cl.1 and CLAB cell monolayers, the addition of Lactobacillus spp. reduced C. jejuni adherence to the cell surface, and negatively affected the C. jejuni invasion. Interestingly, Lactobacillus spp. significantly impaired C. jejuni adhesion in three-dimensional functional PSI cl.1 and B1OXI cell models. Also, C. jejuni did not translocate across PSI cl.1 and B1OXI cell monolayers when co-incubated with probiotics. Among selected probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG was the strain that reduced adhesion efficacy of C. jejuni most significantly under co-culture conditions. CONCLUSION The addition of Lactobacillus spp. to feed additives in livestock nutrition might be an effective novel strategy that targets Campylobacter adhesion to epithelial cells, and thus prevents colonisation, reduces the transmission, and finally lowers the incidence of human campylobacteriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomaž Langerholc
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Maribor, 2311, Hoče, Slovenia
| | | | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of supplementation of citrulline and Lactobacillus helveticus ASCC 511 on intestinal epithelial cell integrity. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
5
|
Tang Q, Huang K, Liu J, Wu S, Shen D, Dai P, Li C. Fine particulate matter from pig house induced immune response by activating TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome in alveolar macrophages. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124373. [PMID: 31336238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from livestock houses is harmful not only to the health and welfare of animals but also to the farmers working inside. As an important pollution source in the atmosphere environment, PM2.5 can threaten public health. PM2.5 collected from nursery pig house was studied. It included particulates of various morphologies, and the concentration of endotoxin was as high as to 681.80 EU/mg. To investigate the ability of PM2.5 from the nursery pig house to induce an immune response, porcine alveolar macrophages 3D4/21 cells were studied. The results showed that PM2.5 can induce cell death, ROS production and inflammatory cytokines release (IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and COX-2) by activating TLR4/MyD88 pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, the downstream signaling pathways of TLR4/MyD88, MAPK and NF-κB, participated in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. To further study the role of endotoxin present in PM2.5 and the oxidative stress induced by PM2.5, polymyxin B (PMB) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were used to neutralize the effect of the endotoxin and inhibit the production of ROS, respectively. The results showed endotoxin and ROS played important roles in PM2.5-induced immune response. This study suggests that PM2.5 from pig house is a significant risk for immune response in alveolar macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junze Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengyuan Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brus M, Gradišnik L, Trapecar M, Škorjanc D, Frangež R. Beneficial effects of water-soluble chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) tannin extract on chicken small intestinal epithelial cell culture. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1271-1282. [PMID: 29444319 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed and water supplementation with powdered hydrolyzable tannins from chestnut represents a valuable alternative strategy to antibiotics in animal nutrition. In this study, we evaluated the effects and safety of a water-soluble form of chestnut tannin (WST) in an in vitro model of chicken small intestinal epithelial cells (CSIEC). A chicken cell culture was established, and WST in concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% were tested for cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, metabolic activity, production of reactive oxygen species, intracellular antioxidative potential, genotoxicity, and influence on the epithelia cell cycle. The tested concentrations showed a significant (P < 0.05) greater proliferative effect on CSIEC than the control medium (maximal proliferation at 0.1% WST as determined by optical density measurements). The 0.2% concentration of WST was cytotoxic, causing significantly higher (P < 0.05) nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production but with no short-term genotoxicity. Although increasing the concentration caused a decline in the metabolism of challenged cells (the lowest at 0.1% WST), metabolic activity remained higher than that in control cells. The antioxidant potential was 75% better and significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the 0.1% WST cultured cells compared to control. In conclusion, the cultured CSIEC are useful tools in basic and clinical research for the study of intestinal physiology, as they retain physiological and biochemical properties and epithelial morphology close to the original tissue and, in many ways, reflect the in vivo state. Our results indicate that WST exert a beneficial effect on intestinal epithelia, since they: i) stimulate proliferation of enterocytes; ii) increase antioxidative potential; iii) have no genotoxic effect; and iv) do not affect cellular metabolism. Our results reinforce the importance of WST as promising candidates for further evaluation and use in commercial broiler farm production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Brus
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - L Gradišnik
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - M Trapecar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - D Škorjanc
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - R Frangež
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang D, Wu M, Guo Y, Xun M, Wang W, Wu Z, Pan D. Purification of Lactobacillus acidophilus surface-layer protein and its immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4204-4209. [PMID: 28244103 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface-layer proteins (SLP) have been found in the outermost layer of the cell wall in many types of lactobacillus are considered to be an important factor with respect to intestinal immunity. RESULTS The present study compared the effects of SLP extracted by different concentrations of LiCl and carbamide, and subsequently identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, RAW 264.7 cells were used to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of SLP. SLP were derived from Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074 with a molecular weight of 46 kDa, and consisted of 16.9% α-helix, 42.3% β-sheet, 20.8% β-turns and 22.5% random coils. SLP promoted NO secretion and higher quantities of NO were produced as the SLP concentrations increased. SLP concentrations over 50 µg mL-1 significantly decreased the amount of tumor necrosis factor-α secreted by RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION SLP can trigger immunomodulatory effects in RAW 264.7 cells. This provides crucial information that will enable the further use of L. acidophilus in food, medicine and other products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingyue Xun
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Daodong Pan
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anwar H, Rahman ZU. Efficacy of protein, symbiotic and probiotic supplementation on production performance and egg quality characteristics in molted layers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1361-7. [PMID: 27312596 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred white leg horn layers at 70 weeks of age were induced to molt with high dietary zinc (3 g/kg of feed); thereafter, birds were equally and randomly divided (n = 50 each) into four groups keeping G1 as control (CP 16 % diet, no other supplement), G2 (CP 18 % diet), G3 (CP 16 % diet + symbiotic; Perfectin® at 85 mg/L in drinking water daily), and G4 (CP 16 % diet + probiotic; Protexin® at 85 mg/L in drinking water daily). The egg production record was maintained throughout the experiment period, and egg quality parameters were performed at 5 %, peak, and end of post molt production stage. The overall egg production was highest in G2 (74.51 %) followed by G3 (64.95 %) and G4 (65.03 %) and lowest in G1 (58.51 %). The overall egg weight, length, diameter, weight and diameter of albumin and yolk, egg shell thickness as well as egg shell breaking strength increased (P ≤ 0.01) in G2 and G3 as compared to G1. The albumin height, yolk height, yolk index, and haugh unit score decreased (P ≤ 0.01) in G2 and G3 as compared to G1. FCR/12 eggs improved in all the supplemented groups as compared to control (G1). The bacterial contamination of eggs was seen in G1. Conclusively, it was observed in the current experiment that the supplementation with protein, probiotic, and symbiotic did improve the production quality and potential in molted layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zia Ur Rahman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Role of Nitric Oxide Produced by Lactobacilli in Relaxation of Intestinal Smooth Muscles. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 160:343-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
Pogačar MŠ, Klančnik A, Bucar F, Langerholc T, Možina SS. Alpinia katsumadai Extracts Inhibit Adhesion and Invasion of Campylobacter jejuni in Animal and Human Foetal Small Intestine Cell Lines. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1585-9. [PMID: 26058384 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alpinia katsumadai is used in traditional Chinese medicine for abdominal distention, pain, and diarrhoea. Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal illnesses worldwide. Adhesion to gut epithelium is a prerequisite in its pathogenesis. The antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anti-adhesive activities of a chemically characterised extract (SEE) and its residual material of hydrodistillation (hdSEE-R) from A. katsumadai seeds were evaluated against C. jejuni. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for SEE and hdSEE-R were 0.5 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively, and there was no cytotoxic influence in the anti-adhesion tests, as these were performed at much lower concentrations of these tested plant extracts. Adhesion of C. jejuni to pig (PSI) and human foetal (H4) small-intestine cell lines was significantly decreased at lower concentrations (0.2 to 50 µg/mL). In the same concentration range, the invasiveness of C. jejuni in PSI cells was reduced by 45% to 65% when they were treated with SEE or hdSEE-R. The hdSEE-R represents a bioactive waste with a high phenolic content and an anti-adhesive activity against C. jejuni and thus has the potential for use in pharmaceutical and food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šikić Pogačar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.,Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Franz Bucar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tomaž Langerholc
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311, Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chang CK, Wang SC, Chiu CK, Chen SY, Chen ZT, Duh PD. Effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented mustard on immunopotentiating activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(15)30346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
12
|
Fernández M, Hudson JA, Korpela R, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG. Impact on human health of microorganisms present in fermented dairy products: an overview. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:412714. [PMID: 25839033 PMCID: PMC4369881 DOI: 10.1155/2015/412714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fermented dairy products provide nutrients in our diet, some of which are produced by the action of microorganisms during fermentation. These products can be populated by a diverse microbiota that impacts the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics foods as well as human health. Acidification is carried out by starter lactic acid bacteria (LAB) whereas other LAB, moulds, and yeasts become dominant during ripening and contribute to the development of aroma and texture in dairy products. Probiotics are generally part of the nonstarter microbiota, and their use has been extended in recent years. Fermented dairy products can contain beneficial compounds, which are produced by the metabolic activity of their microbiota (vitamins, conjugated linoleic acid, bioactive peptides, and gamma-aminobutyric acid, among others). Some microorganisms can also release toxic compounds, the most notorious being biogenic amines and aflatoxins. Though generally considered safe, fermented dairy products can be contaminated by pathogens. If proliferation occurs during manufacture or storage, they can cause sporadic cases or outbreaks of disease. This paper provides an overview on the current state of different aspects of the research on microorganisms present in dairy products in the light of their positive or negative impact on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| | - John Andrew Hudson
- Food Safety Programme, ESR-Christchurch Science Centre, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
- Food and Environment Safety Programme, The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Riitta Korpela
- Medical Nutrition Physiology Group, Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao Y, Liu D, Han R, Zhang X, Zhang S, Qin G. Soybean allergen glycinin induced the destruction of the mechanical barrier function in IPEC-J2. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2014.998638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
14
|
Lehtoranta L, Pitkäranta A, Korpela R. Probiotics in respiratory virus infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:1289-302. [PMID: 24638909 PMCID: PMC7088122 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections are the most common diseases in humans. A large range of etiologic agents challenge the development of efficient therapies. Research suggests that probiotics are able to decrease the risk or duration of respiratory infection symptoms. However, the antiviral mechanisms of probiotics are unclear. The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the effects of probiotics on respiratory virus infections and to provide insights on the possible antiviral mechanisms of probiotics. A PubMed and Scopus database search was performed up to January 2014 using appropriate search terms on probiotic and respiratory virus infections in cell models, in animal models, and in humans, and reviewed for their relevance. Altogether, thirty-three clinical trials were reviewed. The studies varied highly in study design, outcome measures, probiotics, dose, and matrices used. Twenty-eight trials reported that probiotics had beneficial effects in the outcome of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and five showed no clear benefit. Only eight studies reported investigating viral etiology from the respiratory tract, and one of these reported a significant decrease in viral load. Based on experimental studies, probiotics may exert antiviral effects directly in probiotic–virus interaction or via stimulation of the immune system. Although probiotics seem to be beneficial in respiratory illnesses, the role of probiotics on specific viruses has not been investigated sufficiently. Due to the lack of confirmatory studies and varied data available, more randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials in different age populations investigating probiotic dose response, comparing probiotic strains/genera, and elucidating the antiviral effect mechanisms are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Lehtoranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Murua A, Todorov SD, Vieira ADS, Martinez RCR, Cencič A, Franco BDGM. Isolation and identification of bacteriocinogenic strain of Lactobacillus plantarum with potential beneficial properties from donkey milk. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1793-809. [PMID: 23489977 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this study was to isolate and characterize a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from donkey milk with potential beneficial properties. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from donkey milk and identified based on physiological, biochemical and molecular methods. The isolate that presented highest bacteriocin potential (Lactobacillus plantarum LP08AD) was evaluated for the production of bacteriocin, including stability in the presence of various enzymes, surfactants, salts, pH and temperatures. Bactericidal effect of bacteriocin LP08AD on Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus curvatus was shown for actively growing and stationary cells. Similar growth and bacteriocin production were observed when strain LP08AD was cultured in MRS broth at 30°C or 37°C. Bacteriocin LP08AD adhered at low levels on the producer cells (200 AU ml(-1) ). The presence of plantaricin W gene on the genomic DNA was recorded based on PCR. Good growth for strain LP08AD was recorded in MRS broth with pH from 5·0 to 9·0 and LP08AD grew well in the absence of oxbile or concentration below 0·8%. Lact. plantarum LP08AD was applied to the small intestinal epithelial polarized monolayers of H4, PSIc1 and CLAB and demonstrated low attachment ability on all cell lines studied, with values with a similar behaviour for cells from human and pig origin. CONCLUSIONS Bacteriocin-producing Lact. plantarum LP08AD might be useful in the design of novel functional foods with potential probiotic or biopreservation properties. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and characterization of bacteriocinogenic Lact. plantarum from donkey milk. The strain LP08AD shows to have potential beneficial properties, as demonstrated by the use of noncancerogenic cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Murua
- Department of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Hoče, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Trapecar M, Cencic A. Application of Gut Cell Models for Toxicological and Bioactivity Studies of Functional and Novel Foods. Foods 2012; 1:40-51. [PMID: 28239090 PMCID: PMC5302223 DOI: 10.3390/foods1010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of functional and novel foods undoubtedly bears great potential as an asset to human health. However, this very same quest for ever new bioactive ingredients calls for reliable and distinct risk assessment as they may be potentially hazardous to human health. Most of today's methodologies still rely on decades old routines of animal trials and use of tumor-derived cell lines. Since such methodologies are not in line with the actual processes in the human body and with the 3R (replacement, reduction, refinement) concept, the results are often unreliable and misleading. Therefore, in this paper we propose the utilization of available untransformed small intestinal cell lines derived from human and pig tissue of non-tumor origin and describe several available cell models of the gut that offer a functional, close resemblance with the in vivo environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trapecar
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Slomskov trg 15, Maribor 2000, Slovenia.
| | - Avrelija Cencic
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Slomskov trg 15, Maribor 2000, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Aloisio I, Santini C, Biavati B, Dinelli G, Cencič A, Chingwaru W, Mogna L, Di Gioia D. Characterization of Bifidobacterium spp. strains for the treatment of enteric disorders in newborns. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:1561-76. [PMID: 22588500 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Several studies support the use of probiotics for the treatment of minor gastrointestinal problems in infants. Positive effects on newborn colics have been evidenced after administration of Lactobacillus strains, whereas no studies have been reported regarding the use of bifidobacteria for this purpose. This work was therefore aimed at the characterization of Bifidobacterium strains capable of inhibiting the growth of pathogens typical of the infant gastrointestinal tract and of coliforms isolated from colic newborns. Among the 46 Bifidobacterium strains considered, 16 showed high antimicrobial activity against potential pathogens; these strains were further characterized from a taxonomic point of view, for the presence and transferability of antibiotic resistances, for citotoxic effects and adhesion to nontumorigenic gut epithelium cell lines. Moreover, their ability to stimulate gut health by increasing the metabolic activity and the immune response of epithelial cells was also studied. The examination of all these features allowed to identify three Bifidobacterium breve strains and a Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strain as potential probiotics for the treatments of enteric disorders in newborns such as infantile colics. A validation clinical trial involving the selected strains is being planned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Aloisio
- Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Langerholc T, Maragkoudakis PA, Wollgast J, Gradisnik L, Cencic A. Novel and established intestinal cell line models - An indispensable tool in food science and nutrition. Trends Food Sci Technol 2011; 22:S11-S20. [PMID: 32336880 PMCID: PMC7172287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the applications of intestinal cell models of human and pig origin in food and nutritional sciences and highlights their potential as in vitro platforms for preclinical research. Intestinal cell models are used in studies of bioavailability, adsorption and transport in nutritional or toxicological settings, allergic effects of food components, as well as probiotics and/or host-pathogen gut interactions. In addition, this review discusses the advantages of using specialized and functional cell models over generic cancer-derived cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Langerholc
- Dep. of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoce, Slovenia
| | - Petros A Maragkoudakis
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Jan Wollgast
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Lidija Gradisnik
- Dep. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slomskov trg 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Avrelija Cencic
- Dep. of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoce, Slovenia
- Dep. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slomskov trg 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Trapecar M, Leouffre T, Faure M, Jensen HE, Granum PE, Cencic A, Hardy SP. The use of a porcine intestinal cell model system for evaluating the food safety risk of Bacillus cereus probiotics and the implications for assessing enterotoxigenicity. APMIS 2011; 119:877-84. [PMID: 22085364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of porcine intestinal cell lines in assessing toxicity of Bacillus cereus probiotics in conjunction with animal challenge trials with toxigenic B. cereus was investigated. Toxigenic and toxin deletion mutants of B. cereus and two probiotic strains (Paciflor and Toyocerin) were examined for bacterial attachment, cytotoxicity and ability to induce nitric oxide as markers of toxicity. Both cytotoxicity and production of nitric oxide were detected in wild-type toxigenic strains and the Paciflor probiotic strain but not Toyocerin. Attachment of B. cereus was low (less than 1%) in all strains. Discrimination between toxigenic B. cereus and the probiotic strains was possible semi-quantitatively via dilution. Despite cytotoxicity in vitro, challenge experiments using 10(8)-10(9) spores of the toxigenic B. cereus NVH75/95 in weaned piglets did not induce diarrhoea or intestinal lesions. Thus, the pig small intestinal epithelial intestinal cell line PSI is appropriate for identification of potential toxicity in B. cereus strains and sets a low threshold for risk of enterotoxicity to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trapecar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Hoce, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
New tools to assess toxicity, bioaccessibility and uptake of chemical contaminants in meat and seafood. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
21
|
Maragkoudakis PA, Chingwaru W, Gradisnik L, Tsakalidou E, Cencic A. Lactic acid bacteria efficiently protect human and animal intestinal epithelial and immune cells from enteric virus infection. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 141 Suppl 1:S91-7. [PMID: 20106541 PMCID: PMC7114074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the potential antiviral activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) using animal and human intestinal and macrophage cell line models of non tumor origin. To this end, LAB strains selected on the basis of previous in vitro trials were co-incubated with cell line monolayers, which were subsequently challenged with rotavirus (RV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). In order to elucidate the possible mechanism responsible for the antiviral activity, the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) release as well as the attachment ability of LAB on the cell lines was investigated. Various strains were found to exhibit moderate to complete monolayer protection against viral RV or TGEV disruption. Highest protection effects were recorded with the known probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei Shirota against both RV and TGEV, while notable antiviral activity was also attributed to Enterococcus faecium PCK38, Lactobacillus fermentum ACA-DC179, Lactobacillus pentosus PCA227 and Lactobacillus plantarum PCA236 and PCS22, depending on the cell line and virus combination used. A variable increase (of up to 50%) on the release of NO(-) and H(2)O(2) (ROS) was obtained when LAB strains were co-incubated with the cell lines, but the results were found to be LAB strain and cell line specific, apart from a small number of strains which were able to induce strong ROS release in more than one cell line. In contrast, the ability of the examined LAB strains to attach to the cell line monolayers was LAB strain but not cell line specific. Highest attachment ability was observed with L. plantarum ACA-DC 146, L. paracasei subsp. tolerans ACA-DC 4037 and E. faecium PCD71. Clear indications on the nature of the antiviral effect were evident only in the case of the L. casei Shirota against TGEV and with L. plantarum PCA236 against both RV and TGEV. In the rest of the cases, each interaction was LAB-cell line-virus specific, barring general conclusions. However, it is probable that more than one mechanism is involved in the antiviral effect described here. Further investigations are required to elucidate the underlying mode of action and to develop a cell line model as a system for selection of probiotic strains suited for farm animal applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petros A Maragkoudakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pogačar MŠ, Klančnik A, Možina SS, Cencič A. Attachment, Invasion, and Translocation ofCampylobacter jejuniin Pig Small-Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:589-95. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šikić Pogačar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Avrelija Cencič
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Hoče, Slovenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Functional cell models of the gut and their applications in food microbiology--a review. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 141 Suppl 1:S4-14. [PMID: 20444515 PMCID: PMC7173225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Animal experimentation has a long tradition for risk assessment of new drugs before they reach the clinic. To reduce expensive animal experimentation, attempts have been made to build inexpensive and convenient intestinal functional cell models to study toxicity and bioavailability of new substances along with providing relevant models to study interactions between the host, pathogens and intestinal microflora. We review the available cell lines and models of the intestine and their potential uses. Tumor derived cell lines such as Caco-2, T84 and HT-29 are widely used despite many drawbacks, which are discussed with respect to complexity of the gut, where various cell types interact with commensal microbiota and gut-associated lymphoid tissue. To address this complexity, 3D models of human and animal gut represent a promising in vitro system to mimic in vivo situation without the use of transformed cell lines.
Collapse
|