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Pechlivanidou E, Chatzikyriakos A, Zisi MA, Paraskevopoulos N, Kaltsa S, Konstantas OK, Zogakis P, Catsouli A, Sekouris N, Margariti RE. Gabapentin-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Stress Misresponse and Risk of Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1174. [PMID: 39338336 PMCID: PMC11435122 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This literature review, in light of the presented case report, explores the complex interplay between gabapentin (GBP), a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analog, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in patients undergoing major surgical procedures. It specifically investigates the potential impact of GBP on cortisol levels, stress responses, and infection risk, illustrated by a detailed clinical case. This review combines a comprehensive literature search with a case report of a 17-year-old male with osteosarcoma who experienced transient adrenal insufficiency and infections while receiving GBP. The case is analyzed in the context of the existing literature on GBP and the HPA axis. The findings highlight the intricate relationship between GBP use, adrenal insufficiency, and infection susceptibility. It underscores the need for further research and clinical vigilance when prescribing GBP to patients with underlying medical conditions, particularly in the context of major surgical procedures. The review underscores the need for further research and clinical vigilance when prescribing GBP, particularly in perioperative settings. In conclusion, GBP's effects on the HPA axis and immune responses are complex and multifaceted. Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing GBP, especially for patients with underlying conditions undergoing major surgery. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of GBP's influence on cortisol levels and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evmorfia Pechlivanidou
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Anna Zisi
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Semeli Kaltsa
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Orestis K Konstantas
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Panteleimon Zogakis
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Catsouli
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Nick Sekouris
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Rodanthi E Margariti
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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Lee JR, Hwang SJ, Choi Y, Kim J, Lee GS, Lee BS, Kim KH, Kang KB, Lee HJ, Kim CS. Structural Diversification of Pyrazinone Metabolites via Spontaneous Oxa-Michael Addition in Staphylococcus xylosus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1881-1887. [PMID: 38950087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
A family of pyrazinone metabolites (1-11) were characterized from Staphylococcus xylosus ATCC 29971. Six of them were hydroxylated or methoxylated, which were proposed to be produced by the rare noncatalytic oxa-Michael addition reaction with a water or methanol molecule. It was confirmed that isopropyl alcohol can also be the Michael donor of the reaction. 1-7 and the synthetic precursor 2a showed significant inhibition of breast cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Ryeong Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Hwang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Sung Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Sub Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Çolak AF, Yazar B, Bucağa TM, Demirel K, Aksakal MF, Yalçınkaya B, Çetin A. A rare case presentation of septic sacroiliitis caused by staphylococcus xylosus and complicated with abscess formation: A case report. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116290. [PMID: 38643676 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Septic sacroiliitis is one of the infectious causes of sacroiliitis and it is seen rarely. In current literature, cases of septic sacroiliitis caused by several microorganisms have been reported so far. This case report presents the first case of septic sacroiliitis caused by Staphylococcus xylosus and also complicated with an abscess formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Furkan Çolak
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastaneleri, Hacettepe University Medical School, Zemin Kat, FTR AD, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06230, Turkey.
| | - Beytullah Yazar
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastaneleri, Hacettepe University Medical School, Zemin Kat, FTR AD, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Meryem Bucağa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastaneleri, Hacettepe University Medical School, Zemin Kat, FTR AD, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Kübranur Demirel
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastaneleri, Hacettepe University Medical School, Zemin Kat, FTR AD, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Mahmud Fazıl Aksakal
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastaneleri, Hacettepe University Medical School, Zemin Kat, FTR AD, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Berkay Yalçınkaya
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastaneleri, Hacettepe University Medical School, Zemin Kat, FTR AD, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Alp Çetin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastaneleri, Hacettepe University Medical School, Zemin Kat, FTR AD, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06230, Turkey
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Sosa-Fajardo A, Díaz-Muñoz C, Van der Veken D, Pradal I, Verce M, Weckx S, Leroy F. Genomic exploration of the fermented meat isolate Staphylococcus shinii IMDO-S216 with a focus on competitiveness-enhancing secondary metabolites. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:575. [PMID: 38849728 PMCID: PMC11161930 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus shinii appears as an umbrella species encompassing several strains of Staphylococcus pseudoxylosus and Staphylococcus xylosus. Given its phylogenetic closeness to S. xylosus, S. shinii can be found in similar ecological niches, including the microbiota of fermented meats where the species may contribute to colour and flavour development. In addition to these conventional functionalities, a biopreservation potential based on the production of antagonistic compounds may be available. Such potential, however, remains largely unexplored in contrast to the large body of research that is available on the biopreservative properties of lactic acid bacteria. The present study outlines the exploration of the genetic basis of competitiveness and antimicrobial activity of a fermented meat isolate, S. shinii IMDO-S216. To this end, its genome was sequenced, de novo assembled, and annotated. RESULTS The genome contained a single circular chromosome and eight plasmid replicons. Focus of the genomic exploration was on secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters coding for ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides. One complete cluster was coding for a bacteriocin, namely lactococcin 972; the genes coding for the pre-bacteriocin, the ATP-binding cassette transporter, and the immunity protein were also identified. Five other complete clusters were identified, possibly functioning as competitiveness factors. These clusters were found to be involved in various responses such as membrane fluidity, iron intake from the medium, a quorum sensing system, and decreased sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides and competing microorganisms. The presence of these clusters was equally studied among a selection of multiple Staphylococcus species to assess their prevalence in closely-related organisms. CONCLUSIONS Such factors possibly translate in an improved adaptation and competitiveness of S. shinii IMDO-S216 which are, in turn, likely to improve its fitness in a fermented meat matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sosa-Fajardo
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cristian Díaz-Muñoz
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Van der Veken
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inés Pradal
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marko Verce
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Weckx
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Leroy
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Zhao L, Ma YM, Yang B, Han WX, Zhao WH, Chai HL, Zhang ZS, Zhan YJ, Wang LF, Xing Y, Yu LF, Wang JL, Ding YL, Liu YH. Comparative analysis of microbial communities in different growth stages of Dermacentor nuttalli. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1021426. [PMID: 36311671 PMCID: PMC9614212 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1021426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks were identified as arthropods that are pathogenic vectors. Dermacentor nuttalli is one of the dominant tick species in Inner Mongolia, and it carries and transmits a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. However, at present, only the detection of D. nuttalli adult ticks and D. nuttalli different developmental stages carrying one specific pathogen, or the next-generation sequencing of D. nuttalli adult ticks were available. In this study, we investigated the microbial community structures of D. nuttalli in different growth stages under laboratory artificial feeding conditions. Total DNA was extracted from seven growth stages (female adult ticks, eggs, larval ticks, engorged larval ticks, nymphal ticks, engorged nymphal ticks, and second-generation adult ticks) obtained from laboratory artificial feeding of engorged D. nuttalli female ticks in Inner Mongolia. Then, the 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable region was amplified to construct an Illumina PE250 library. Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform. The sequencing data were analyzed using molecular biology software and platforms. The Illumina PE250 sequencing results showed that the egg stage had the highest diversity and number of species (28.74%, 98/341), while the engorged nymph stage had the lowest diversity and number of species (9.72%, 21/216). A total of 387 genera of 22 phyla were annotated in D. nuttalli, with 9 phyla and 57 genera found throughout all 7 growth stages. The dominant phylum was Proteobacteria; the dominant genera were Arsenophonus and Rickettsia; and the genera with the highest relative abundance in the 7 growth stages were Pseudomonas, Paenalcaligenes, Arsenophonus, Arsenophonus, Pseudomonas, Arsenophonus, and Rickettsia, respectively. Among the 23 exact species annotated, Brucella melitensis exhibits pathogeny that poses a serious threat to humans and animals. In this study, the microbial community composition at different growth stages of D. nuttalli was comprehensively analyzed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Yi-Min Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Animal Disease Control Center of Ordos, Ordos City, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Han
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Reproductive Biotechnology (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Liang Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhan-Sheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong-Jie Zhan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Shanghai Origingene Bio-pharm Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Fei Yu
- Shanghai Origingene Bio-pharm Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Ling Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu-Lin Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Yong-Hong Liu
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Microbiological Evaluation of Water Used in Dental Units. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14060915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In modern dentistry, dental units are used for the treatment of patients’ teeth, and they need water to operate. Water circulates in a closed vessel system and finally reaches the mucous membranes of the patient as well as the dentist themselves. Therefore, the microbiological safety of this water should be a priority for physicians. This study aims to identify and determine the microbial count, expressed in CFU/mL, in water samples from various parts of the dental unit that are in direct contact with the patient. Thirty-four dental units located in dentistry rooms were analysed. The dentistry rooms were divided into three categories: surgical, conservative, and periodontal. It was found that in surgical rooms, the bacterial count was 1464.76 CFU/mL, and the most common bacterium was Staphylococcus pasteuri—23.88% of the total bacteria identified. In dentistry rooms where conservative treatments were applied, the average bacterial concentration was 8208.35 CFU/mL, and the most common bacterium was Ralsonia pickettii (26.31%). The periodontal rooms were also dominated by R. pickettii (45.13%), and the average bacterial concentration was 8743.08 CFU/mL. Fungi were also detected. Rhodotorula spp., Alternaria spp., and Candida parapsilosis were found to be the most common bacteria which are potentially harmful. This study indicates the need for effective decontamination of the water that is used in dental units and for constant monitoring of the level of contaminants present in the closed vessel system.
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