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Kowalczyk K, Coraça-Huber DC, Wille-Kollmar W, Berktold M, Nagl M. Activity of N-Chlorotaurine against Periodontal Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8357. [PMID: 39125925 PMCID: PMC11313407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental plaque bacteria play an important role in the pathogenicity of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Therefore, antimicrobial agents are one means of treatment. N-chlorotaurine (NCT) as an endogenous well-tolerated topical antiseptic could be of advantage for this purpose. Accordingly, its microbicidal activity against some dental plaque bacteria was investigated at therapeutic concentrations in vitro. In quantitative killing assays, the activity of NCT against planktonic bacteria and against biofilms grown for 48 h on implantation screws was tested. Electron microscopy was used to demonstrate the formation of biofilm and its morphological changes. The killing of planktonic bacteria of all tested species, namely Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus cristatus, Rothia aeria, and Capnocytophaga ochracea, was shown within 10-20 min by 1% NCT in 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C. Bacteria grown on screws for 24 h were inactivated by 1% NCT after 15-20 min as well, but the formation of biofilm on the screws was visible in electron microscopy not before 48 h. The killing of biofilms by 1% NCT was demonstrated after 30 min (streptococci) and 40 min (R. aeria). As expected, NCT has broad activity against dental plaque bacteria as well and should be further investigated on its clinical efficacy in periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Kowalczyk
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Débora C. Coraça-Huber
- Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | - Michael Berktold
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Markus Nagl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.K.); (M.B.)
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Maziere M, Rompante P, Andrade JC, Rodrigues CF. Are Mouthwashes Really Effective against Candida spp.? J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:528. [PMID: 39194854 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection caused by fungi of the genus Candida. Nystatin, fluconazole, and miconazole are the most widely used antifungal drugs in dentistry, but in recent years, they have been shown to be less effective due to the increase in the resistance to antifungal drugs. The growing challenge of antifungal resistance emphasizes the importance of exploring not only alternative strategies in the fight against Candida spp. infections but also supportive treatment for pharmacological treatment for oral candidiasis. This review aims to evaluate and compare the in vitro reports on antifungal efficacy against Candida spp. exhibited by mouthwashes distributed on the European market. The research question was elaborated through the PEO framework recommended by PRISMA 2020. A bibliographic search strategy was developed for the scientific online databases Pubmed and ScienceDirect. According to the eligibility criteria, 21 papers were included in this study over a 27-year period. Mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine digluconate, cetylpyridinium chloride, hexetidine, and fluorine compounds among others, and natural antimicrobials, such as menthol, thymol, eucalyptol, and Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts, have demonstrated antifungal effectiveness. Nonetheless, the methodological variance introduces ambiguity concerning the comparative efficacy of distinct molecules or mouthwash formulations and complicates the evaluation and the comparison of results between studies. Some mouthwashes commercially available in Europe have the potential to be used in anti-Candida therapy and prevention since they have shown antifungal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Maziere
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rompante
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Andrade
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Huang S, Leung YY, Neelakantan P, Chan KH, Leung JKY, Hung FN, McGrath C. Satisfaction with government recommended pre-procedural mouth rinses in the mitigation of Covid-19 in Hong Kong SAR: A triple blind randomized controlled clinical trial. J Dent 2024; 146:105082. [PMID: 38762080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate satisfaction and acceptability with three pre-procedural mouthrinses recommended by the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS A triple-blind parallel-arm randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted. Following eligibility assessment, participants were block-randomised to the three intervention pre-procedural mouthrinses groups: Povidone-iodine, Hydrogen Peroxide and Chlorhexidine Digluconate. Participants rinsed with one of the mouthrinses assigned prior to any dental treatment. Participants, operators and assessors were blind to the assigned mouthrinses (triple blind). Satisfaction ratings were assessed on a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) and acceptability of the mouthrinses were determined. RESULTS Following clinical screening, 228 participants were involved in the trial. The mean overall VAS satisfaction was 7.35 (SD 1.68). There was no significant difference in VAS satisfaction ratings among the three groups (p>0.05) nor in between groups. Acceptability of the mouthrinses was high with the vast majority (89.5 %, 204) willing to use the mouthrinses again if pre-procedural mouthrinsing is required. There was no significant difference in acceptability ratings (p>0.05). There were some aspects such as taste and smell that participants commented on (on average, 24.6 %, 56), although no significant difference in prevalence of reports among groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS There were high rates of satisfaction and acceptability of the HKSAR Government recommended pre-procedural mouthrinses for the mitigation of COVID-19 transmission in the dental setting. There was no significant difference in satisfaction and acceptability rates among the three recommended pre-procedural mouthrinses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The high satisfaction and acceptability rates of the HKSAR Government recommended pre-procedural mouthrinses in the mitigation of COVID-19 in this clinical trial lends support for the HKSAR's policy on pre-procedural mouthrinses in the dental setting and this has implications for practice and policy during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Yiu Yan Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | | | - Kwok Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Joy Ka Yi Leung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Fan Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, HKU. & Honorary Consultant in Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Colman McGrath
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
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Amaechi BT, AbdulAzees PA, Mohseni S, Luong MN, Lin CY, Restrepo-Ceron MC, Kataoka Y, Omosebi TO, Kanthaiah K. Caries preventing efficacy of new Isomalt-containing mouthrinse formulations: a microbial study. BDJ Open 2024; 10:51. [PMID: 38890317 PMCID: PMC11189562 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effectiveness of an Isomalt-containing mouthrinse to prevent caries development was investigated. METHODS Human enamel blocks were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 30/group): De-ionized distilled water (DDW), and mouthrinse containing either (IFC) 1% Isomalt, 225 ppm fluoride, and 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), (IF) 1% Isomalt and 225ppm fluoride, (FC) 225 ppm fluoride and 0.05% CPC or (F) 225 ppm fluoride. During 7-day demineralization in a Microbial Caries Model, mouthrinses were applied once daily for 1 min. Demineralization was assessed using Surface Microhardness testing for percentage change in SMH (%ΔSMH) and Transverse Microradiography for mineral loss (ΔZ). Data analysis (α = 0.05) used paired t-test (Intra-group comparison using SMH) and ANOVA/Tukey's for inter-group comparisons (%ΔSMH and ΔZ). RESULTS With SMH, relative to sound enamel baseline, demineralization was significant (P < 0.001) in all groups, except in IFC. Intergroup comparison with %ΔSMH showed significantly (p < 0.001) greater demineralization in DDW compared to other groups, and in IF, FC, and F compared to IFC (P < 0.001). With ΔZ, relative to DDW, all groups significantly (p < 0.0001) inhibited demineralization at varying percentages. CONCLUSIONS Mouthrinse containing Isomalt, fluoride, and CPC inhibited demineralization amidst cariogenic biofilm; thus, highlighting its potential as a more effective caries control tool than mouthrinse with only fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett T Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | | | - Sahar Mohseni
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Minh N Luong
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chun-Yen Lin
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Maria Camila Restrepo-Ceron
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
- CES University, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yuko Kataoka
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Temitope O Omosebi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Kannan Kanthaiah
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Kardaras G, Christodorescu R, Boariu M, Rusu D, Belova A, Chinnici S, Vela O, Radulescu V, Boia S, Stratul SI. A Low-Cost Protocol Using the Adjunctive Action of Povidone-Iodine Irrigations and Sodium Hypochlorite Rinsing Solution in Step 2 of Periodontal Therapy for Patients with Stage III-IV Periodontitis: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:144. [PMID: 38786542 PMCID: PMC11119210 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In severe stages of periodontitis, conventional periodontal therapy and maintenance care are usually insufficient due to the viral and bacterial etiology; thus, a mechanical approach alone may not be sufficient to eliminate a substantial portion of subgingival pathogens, especially in deep periodontal sites. Background and Objectives: This single-blind, randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the clinical and microbiological efficacy of a low-cost protocol using povidone-iodine and sodium hypochlorite formulations as adjuncts to non-surgical therapy for patients with stage IV periodontitis when compared with chlorhexidine, the most commonly employed substance to date for antimicrobial regimens in periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients were randomly divided into two groups: control (subgingival instrumentation, chlorhexidine-assisted) and test (antiviral medication, subgingival instrumentation with povidone-iodine, sodium hypochlorite rinsing solution, and antibiotics). Clinical measurements and microbiological analyses were performed at baseline and after three months. Results: After three months, notable differences were found in the bacterial detection scores for Porphyromonas gingivalis (a significant reduction in detection frequency was observed in the test compared to the control (p = 0.021)), and there were significant reductions in detection in the test group for Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola, showing undetectable levels (p < 0.0001 for both). In the test group, the pocket probing depth median value was reduced significantly (p = 0.0005); similarly, bleeding on probing showed a marked decrease (p < 0.0001). However, changes in clinical attachment loss and full-mouth plaque score were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Using the proposed protocol, substantial improvements in clinical and microbiological parameters were obtained when compared with the current antimicrobial recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kardaras
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Ruxandra Christodorescu
- Department V Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Marius Boariu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, TADERP Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Darian Rusu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Alla Belova
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Salvatore Chinnici
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Octavia Vela
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Viorelia Radulescu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Simina Boia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Stefan-Ioan Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
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Ali SAA, Alsadaan N, Ameer M, Sayed-Ahmed M, Alanazi F. Impact of various solutions on the oral health status of critically ill patients. J Med Life 2024; 17:296-304. [PMID: 39044935 PMCID: PMC11262603 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral care is a crucial challenge of nursing care in orally intubated patients. Oropharyngeal colonization with microorganisms is probably the first step in the pathogenesis of most bacterial pulmonary infections. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different oral care solutions on the oral health status of critically ill patients. We conducted a quasi-experimental study involving a convenience sample of 60 adult orally intubated patients, distributed equally into three groups: 20 patients received 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) solution as an oral rinse; 20 patients received 0.1% hexetidine (HEX) solution as an oral rinse; and a control group of 20 patients received routine hospital oral care with 0.9% normal saline (NS) solution. Oropharyngeal and tracheal cultures were obtained from patients within 24-48 h of admission, before the administration of topical oral antimicrobial solutions and then repeated on day 4 and day 7 after the oral solutions. The study revealed that CHX has a more powerful effect than HEX and NS in improving the oral mucosa and decreasing colonization of both the oropharynx and trachea. On day 7, the improvements were statistically significant in the CHX group and the HEX group (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively), but not in the NS group. This research confirms the effect of CHX and HEX in lowering the risk of tracheal and oropharyngeal colonization, and recommends the use of a CHX solution as oral mouth care in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Ahmed Awad Ali
- Medical -Surgical Department, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Alsadaan
- College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam Ameer
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fahad Alanazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
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Ungkul S, Yimcharoen V, Rirattanapong P. The effect of preprocedural mouthrinses against COVID-19 before acid etching on the microleakage of a resin-based sealant in permanent molars: An in vitro experimental study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2024; 14:121-128. [PMID: 38827349 PMCID: PMC11141897 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_188_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine whether rinsing with preprocedural mouthrinses against coronavirus disease before acid etching affects resin-based sealant microleakage. Materials and Methods A presented in vitro experimental study was performed on 15 extracted permanent third molars. Samples were randomly allocated into five groups: Group 1-distilled water (control); Group 2-1% hydrogen peroxide; Group 3-1.5% hydrogen peroxide; Group 4-0.5% povidone-iodine; and Group 5-1% povidone-iodine. After the teeth were immersed in the assigned mouth rinses for 60 s, they were sealed with Concise™ white sealant. Subsequently, the teeth were thermocycled for 500 cycles, immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 h, and sectioned with two parallel cuts in the buccolingual direction. Sixty surfaces (12 surfaces in each group) were examined for microleakage under a 40× light microscope and scored as described by Zyskind et al. Welch's one-way analysis of variance test and the Games-Howell test were used to analyze the results at a significance level of P < 0.05 for all tests. Results The intergroup comparisons indicated that the 0.5% povidone-iodine group and the 1% povidone-iodine group had significantly higher microleakage compared with the control group. The 1% and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide groups demonstrated no significant difference in mean microleakage scores compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between the povidone groups and the hydrogen peroxide groups. Conclusions Preprocedural rinsing with 0.5% and 1% povidone-iodine before acid etching caused higher microleakage of resin-based sealant, while hydrogen peroxide rinsing gave comparable microleakage compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutthiprapa Ungkul
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Veeritta Yimcharoen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praphasri Rirattanapong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rius-Salvador M, García-Múrria MJ, Rusu L, Bañó-Polo M, León R, Geller R, Mingarro I, Martinez-Gil L. Cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine show antiviral activity against Influenza A virus and Respiratory Syncytial virus in vitro. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297291. [PMID: 38363760 PMCID: PMC10871507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral cavity is the site of entry and replication for many respiratory viruses. Furthermore, it is the source of droplets and aerosols that facilitate viral transmission. It is thought that appropriate oral hygiene that alters viral infectivity might reduce the spread of respiratory viruses and contribute to infection control. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we analyzed the antiviral activity of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), chlorhexidine (CHX), and three commercial CPC and CHX-containing mouthwash preparations against the Influenza A virus and the Respiratory syncytial virus. To do so the aforementioned compounds and preparations were incubated with the Influenza A virus or with the Respiratory syncytial virus. Next, we analyzed the viability of the treated viral particles. RESULTS Our results indicate that CPC and CHX decrease the infectivity of both the Influenza A virus and the Respiratory Syncytial virus in vitro between 90 and 99.9% depending on the concentration. Likewise, CPC and CHX-containing mouthwash preparations were up to 99.99% effective in decreasing the viral viability of both the Influenza A virus and the Respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. CONCLUSION The use of a mouthwash containing CPC or CHX alone or in combination might represent a cost-effective measure to limit infection and spread of enveloped respiratory viruses infecting the oral cavity, aiding in reducing viral transmission. Our findings may stimulate future clinical studies to evaluate the effects of CPC and CHX in reducing viral respiratory transmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rius-Salvador
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús García-Múrria
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Luciana Rusu
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), UV-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | - Manuel Bañó-Polo
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ron Geller
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), UV-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | - Ismael Mingarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Luis Martinez-Gil
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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