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Hou Y, Corbally M, Timmins F. Violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department: An integrative review. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:430-445. [PMID: 37658637 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This integrative review explored violence against emergency nurses by patients/visitors, examining its nature, contributing factors and consequences. DESIGN Integrative review. DATA SOURCES Articles were obtained from PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science and PsycInfo databases, up until December 2021. REVIEW METHODS 26 articles were reviewed, evaluating study quality with the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool and synthesizing conclusions through theme development and coding. RESULTS This review delves into the issue of violence perpetrated against emergency nurses by patients and visitors. It elucidates three overarching themes: the nature of violence, the contributing factors and the consequences of such acts. CONCLUSION The findings inform healthcare policy for the development of prevention approaches while identifying research gaps and emphasizing the need for alternative study designs and methodologies. IMPACT This review has implications for nursing practice, policymaking and research, emphasizing the need for stakeholder engagement and tailored interventions for at-risk emergency nurses. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This project was an integrative review of the literature therefore no patient or public contribution was necessary. WHAT ALREADY IS KNOWN Violence by patients and visitors in healthcare settings, especially in emergency departments, has garnered considerable attention. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS This review specifically examines violence-targeting emergency department nurses from patients and visitors, assessing its characteristics, contributing factors and consequences. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE/POLICY The findings will guide stakeholder engagement in developing interventions to support vulnerable emergency nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Hou
- Emergency Department, ShanXi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, ShanXi, China
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melissa Corbally
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Timmins
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Bayram A, Özsaban A, Torun Kiliç Ç. Verbal violence and missed nursing care: A phenomenological study. Int Nurs Rev 2023; 70:544-551. [PMID: 37647223 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To define the missed care experiences of nurses exposed to verbal violence from patients. BACKGROUND Verbal violence takes the first place among the types of violence that nurses face in healthcare settings. This can cause negative emotional and physical responses in nurses and issues in patient and nurse interaction. As a result, it may lead to missed nursing care, defined as skipped, postponed or incomplete care during the patient's care. METHODS This is a phenomenological study. The study sample included 16 nurses working in inpatient clinics who reported experiencing verbal violence at least once in Turkey. The study was conducted between January and February 2022 with institutional permission and ethics committee approval (09/12/2021-2021/357). A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. The information gathered from the interviews underwent thematic analysis using an inductive approach. The 'Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ)' was used to report this qualitative study based on a comprehensive protocol. RESULTS The types of verbal violence most frequently faced by nurses were determined as swearing, insulting, shouting and threats. Study findings were classified into three main themes: (i) response to verbal violence, (ii) missed nursing care experiences and (iii) suggestions to cope with verbal violence. The most felt emotions in the face of verbal violence were feeling sad, unsafe and worthless. Nurses common behaviours, in response to verbal abuse were ignoring, getting used to, and wishing to get away. The examples of missed care included using non-therapeutic communication, postponing care or withdrawing from care. CONCLUSION Verbal violence caused negative emotional and behavioural responses in nurses, which, in turn, negatively affected the nurse-patient interaction. These findings mean that verbal violence may pave the way for missed nursing care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY According to these findings, an uninterrupted nursing care process needs to focus on preventive measures against verbal violence and increase the administrative and legal support offered to nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Bayram
- Fundamentals of Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Aysel Özsaban
- Fundamentals of Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Torun Kiliç
- Nursing Management Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Gedik Ö, Ülke Şimdi R, Kıbrıs Ş, (Sivuk) DK. The relationship between workplace violence, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Res Nurs 2023; 28:448-466. [PMID: 38144966 PMCID: PMC10741263 DOI: 10.1177/17449871231182837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Workplace violence is a major issue in society, business and healthcare settings. It adversely affects both employee safety and their ability to provide healthcare services. Aim This study examined the association between workplace violence, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We collected data from 513 nurses. We conducted 'Process Macro' analysis. Firstly, we included three mediators in the model: job satisfaction, workplace violence and emotional exhaustion. Secondly, we used work hours and anxiety as moderators of the relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention. Results The findings revealed statistical significance that job satisfaction and workplace violence mediated the relationship between emotional exhaustion and nurse turnover intentions. Work hours and anxiety also moderated the relationship between workplace violence and nurses' turnover intention. Conclusion Respondents indicated that they were most affected by verbal violence during this time. Workplace violence is a negative factor that affects nurses' work, affecting them physically and psychologically. This occupational risk should be considered when evaluating nurses exposed to violence, as it affects job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The main theoretical contribution of this research is the identification of the association between workplace violence, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is clear that the research findings will be useful for healthcare professionals. The findings may have practical implications for healthcare administrators and their staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Gedik
- Research Assistant, Healthcare Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Refika Ülke Şimdi
- Research Assistant, Healthcare Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Şerife Kıbrıs
- Instructor, Medical Documentation and Secretarial, Arac Rafet Vergili Vocational School, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Derya Kara (Sivuk)
- Professor, Healthcare Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
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Makali SL, Lembebu JC, Boroto R, Zalinga CC, Bugugu D, Lurhangire E, Rosine B, Chimanuka C, Mwene-Batu P, Molima C, Mendoza JR, Ferrari G, Merten S, Bisimwa G. Violence against health care workers in a crisis context: a mixed cross-sectional study in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Confl Health 2023; 17:44. [PMID: 37789323 PMCID: PMC10546691 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-023-00541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health Care Workers (HCWs) in conflict zones face high levels of violence while also playing a crucial role in assisting the population in distress. For more than two decades, the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), have been wracked by conflict. This study aims to describe the state of violence against HCWs and the potential prevention mechanisms in eastern DRC. METHODS In North and South Kivu, between February 5 and 21, 2021, we conducted a mixed cross-sectional convergent study in health facilities (health centers and hospitals). An anonymized self-administered questionnaire was sent to HCWs about their experience of violence in the 12 months prior to the study. In-depth individual interviews with HCWs, present on the day of the investigation, were also done to explore their experience of violence. A descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and a thematic analysis of the qualitative data was carried out. RESULTS Of a total of 590 participants, 276 (45.9%) reported having experienced violence in the 12 months before the study. In North Kivu, aggressors were more frequently the patients (43.7% vs. 26.5%) and armed group members (14.3% vs. 7.9%) than in South Kivu. Most respondents (93.5%) reported verbal aggression (insults, intimidation, death threats). Other forms of physical aggression including with bare hands (11.2%), firearm (1.81%), and stabbing (4.7%). Only nearly one-tenth of the attacks were officially reported, and among those reported a higher proportion of sanctions was observed in South Kivu (8.5%) than in North Kivu (2.4%). The mechanisms proposed to prevent violence against HCWs were community initiatives and actions to strength the health system. CONCLUSIONS In Eastern DRC, HCWs face multiple and severe forms of aggression from a variety of individuals. The effects of such levels violence on HCWs and the communities they served could be devastating on the already pressured health system. Policy framework that defines the roles and responsibilities for the protection of HCWs and for the development and implementation of preparedness measures such as training on management of violence are possible solutions to this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lwamushi Makali
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Centre de Connaissance en Santé en RDCongo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Jean Corneille Lembebu
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Raïssa Boroto
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Daniella Bugugu
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emmanuel Lurhangire
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bigirinama Rosine
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Christine Chimanuka
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pacifique Mwene-Batu
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kaziba, Kaziba, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Christian Molima
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Giovanfrancesco Ferrari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Merten
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ghislain Bisimwa
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Connaissance en Santé en RDCongo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Al-Sayaghi KM. Violence against healthcare workers in the emergency departments of Al-Madinah hospitals, Saudi Arabia. J Family Community Med 2023; 30:307-316. [PMID: 38044976 PMCID: PMC10688582 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_136_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) directed against healthcare workers (HCWs) in healthcare facilities has always been neglected. These occupational hazards have been investigated in recent times and received greater attention from decision-makers. This study aimed to assess the WPV committed against HCWs in the emergency departments (EDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS All the emergency department (ED) healthcare workers (HCW) in the hospitals of Al-Madinah Province, Saudi Arabia, were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study by completing an online questionnaire during May 15 to August 15, 2020. Information sought included characteristics of the participant and workplace, violence, the participants' responses and emotions, the consequences of the WPV incident, and the level of satisfaction with the management of the WPV incident. Data was analyzed using SPSS; Chi-square test was used to assess the association between WPV and various participant and workplace characteristics. Binary logistic regression analysis performed to identify independent predictors of work place violence. RESULTS A total of 250 HCW filled the questionnaire. One-third of the participants were victims of at least one violent event, mostly nonphysical. The perpetrators were primarily the patient's companions, and a heavy workload/understaffing or an overcrowded environment was the main cause of the violence. The most frequent reaction was to call the hospital security. The emotions the participants experienced were disappointment, low self-esteem, and sadness. Most victims did not report the WPV incident because they believed that reporting was useless, insignificant, or they were fearful of adverse consequences. CONCLUSION The rate of violence in EDs in Al-Madinah hospitals was lower than expected, and only 33.3% of HCWs had experienced a violent incident in the last year. However, there is a substantial margin for interventions to improve the situation and protect the HCWs in the EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. Al-Sayaghi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Nursing Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
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Yap CYL, Daniel C, Knott JC, Myers E, Gerdtz M. Causes and management of aggression and violence: A survey of emergency department nurses and attendees. Int Emerg Nurs 2023; 69:101292. [PMID: 37150146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2023.101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Celene Y L Yap
- Department of Nursing. Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 161 Barry Street, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Melbourne Health, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Catherine Daniel
- Department of Nursing. Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 161 Barry Street, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Melbourne Health, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Jonathan C Knott
- Melbourne Health, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Medical Education, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Erin Myers
- Department of Nursing. Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 161 Barry Street, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Marie Gerdtz
- Department of Nursing. Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 161 Barry Street, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Melbourne Health, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Chazel M, Alonso S, Price J, Kabani S, Demattei C, Fabbro-Peray P. Violence against nurses in the emergency department: an observational study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067354. [PMID: 37015789 PMCID: PMC10083775 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the number and risk factors of violent events encountered in the emergency department. An observation grid was developed following interviews with emergency department staff to target the most pertinent information to collect in a prospective study design. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Emergency department of a tertiary hospital in France. OUTCOME MEASURES Number of violent events occurring during a single shift, recorded over 6 months by two observers. Information collected included time and date of incident; number of male/female staff; number of patients and accompaniers present in the service and the waiting room and length of staff debriefing. Perpetrator, victim and patient information were collected. Victims were followed-up 72 hours later. RESULTS Eighty-two periods were observed between November 2015 and April 2016 recording 35 violent incidents affecting 37 perpetrators and 48 victims, equally distributed over the days of the week and months of the year. The median interval until violence was 0 [0-96] min from entry. Eight (23%) events were officially reported, with two (6%) resulting in charges being pressed. No risk factors were significantly associated with violent incidents in multivariate analysis, although there was a tendency towards significance for fewer senior female doctors present (p=0.0787) and a resulting longer debriefing session (p=0.0712). CONCLUSIONS We confirm the high rate of violence in the emergency department and poor level of official reporting. Strategies should be implemented to anticipate and reduce incidence and encourage reporting by affected staff. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02116439.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Chazel
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Sandrine Alonso
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Jane Price
- Nursing Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Sarah Kabani
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, France
| | - Christophe Demattei
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Pascale Fabbro-Peray
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
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Timmins F, Catania G, Zanini M, Ottonello G, Napolitano F, Musio ME, Aleo G, Sasso L, Bagnasco A. Nursing management of emergency department violence-Can we do more? J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:1487-1494. [PMID: 35102617 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency departments are the services with the highest risk of violence for nurses. Reports of violence in health care have increased exponentially in the last decade. Front line hospital services are more at risk, and worldwide there are attempts to quantify, manage and prevent episodes of violence, but no consistent solutions have yet been identified. AIMS To stimulate reflection on causal factors of violence against nurses in emergency departments and discuss potential solutions and strategies for aspects that largely remain unresolved. DESIGN A position paper underpinned by experiences and evidence reported in the literature. METHODS A search of Scopus and CINAHL using the term 'violence' provided information concerning the prevalence of the term 'violence' in contemporary literature and enabled to capture a general overview of contributing factors of violence and current approaches to its management and prevention. CONCLUSIONS However, while risk factors have been identified, there is a tendency to over accentuate the extent of their contribution. The main risk factors present conditions related to or accompanied by mental illness and the impact of overcrowding and long waiting times. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE More is needed in terms of implementation of more far-reaching, holistic, practical and effective management solutions to promote nurses' safety and adequately support vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Timmins
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gianluca Catania
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Milko Zanini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ottonello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Emma Musio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aleo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Loredana Sasso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Kiymaz D, Koç Z. Workplace violence, occupational commitment and intention among emergency room nurses: A mixed-methods study. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:764-779. [PMID: 35429057 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the correlations between the violence experienced by emergency nurses in the work environment, their occupational commitment and their intention to resign. BACKGROUND The emergency service, when compared with other hospital departments, is the unit where violence against healthcare workers is most common. DESIGN A multi-method design was used. METHODS The research was carried out between 15 January 2020 and 15 May 2021. The sample of the study consisted of 202 emergency service nurses. The first stage of the research was reserved for the validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the Perceptions of the Prevalence of Aggression Scale (POPAS). Quantitative data were collected using the POPAS, the Three-Component Model of Commitment Scale. A qualitative method was used to determine in-depth the causes and effects of the violence the nurses were exposed to and what they thought and felt about the factors affecting their commitment to the occupation and their intention to resign. The Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) were used for this paper. RESULTS The fit index values of the POPAS, which were confirmed with 15 items and four subdimensions, were determined to be acceptable and highly reliable. It was determined that 96.5% of the nurses were exposed to verbal violence. Qualitative interviews with nurses revealed that the violence they were subjected to in the working environment affected the nurses physically, psychologically, socially and caused them to consider leaving their jobs. CONCLUSIONS The increasing incidence of exposure to violent behaviours and verbal violence was found to decrease nurses' emotional commitment to their occupation. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses' working conditions and work environments should be improved and their workload should be reduced in order to maximise their level of occupational commitment and prevent them from thinking about resigning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Kiymaz
- Sağlık Bilimleri University Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Koç
- Health Science Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Al Khatib O, Taha H, Al Omari L, Al-Sabbagh MQ, Al-Ani A, Massad F, Berggren V. Workplace Violence against Health Care Providers in Emergency Departments of Public Hospitals in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3675. [PMID: 36834370 PMCID: PMC9964576 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare providers is a serious problem that carries health, safety, and legal consequences. Healthcare providers working in emergency departments (ED) are more susceptible to WPV compared to other healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of physical and verbal violence against ED physicians and nurses in public hospitals in Amman, Jordan, and to explore the relationship between WPV and the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess physical and verbal violence against ED physicians and nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 67 physicians and 96 nurses from three public hospitals in Amman. In the past year, 33% and 53% of the participants experienced physical and verbal violence, respectively. Compared to their female counterparts, males were more frequently physically (43.7% vs. 2.3%, p-value < 0.001) and verbally (61.3% vs. 29.5%, p-value < 0.001) abused. The main perpetrators of physical and verbal violence were the patients' relatives. Out of 53 physical and 86 verbal abuse incidents, only 15 cases (10.8%) were followed up with legal persecution. In conclusion, there is a widespread occurrence of physical and verbal violence against ED physicians and nurses in the public sector hospitals in Jordan. A collaborative effort by all stakeholders should be instituted to ensure the safety of the physicians and nurses and to improve the quality of the healthcare provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Al Khatib
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hana Taha
- Department of Pharmacology, Public Health and Clinical Skills, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Department of Neuroscience, Caring Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lujain Al Omari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | - Abdallah Al-Ani
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Faysal Massad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Vanja Berggren
- Department of Neuroscience, Caring Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
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Mohamad Yazid MN, Nik Husain NR, Daud A, Osman Y, Mustapa N, Abdul Hadi A. Perception and Practice of Workplace Violence Prevention and Its Associated Factors among Employers at Healthcare Facilities in Melaka, Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2900. [PMID: 36833601 PMCID: PMC9956971 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) is a major public health concern, especially among healthcare workers. There is a negative perception and poor practice of healthcare employers towards WPV prevention. This study aims to determine the perception and practice towards WPV prevention and its associated factors among healthcare employers in Melaka, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting 162 healthcare employers, using a validated questionnaire and utilised linear regression analysis. The participants had a mean percentage of 67.2% for perception and 80% for practice towards WPV prevention. The perception towards WPV prevention is associated with the following characteristics: female (adjusted ß = -3.95; 95% CI: -7.81, -0.09; p = 0.045), Indian ethnicity (adjusted ß = 16.04; 95% CI: 2.34, 29.74; p = 0.022), other ethnicities (adjusted ß = 25.71; 95% CI: 8.94, 42.47; p = 0.003), degree holder (adjusted ß = 4.35; 95% CI: 0.15, 8.54; p = 0.042), masters holder (adjusted ß = 7.63; 95% CI: 1.11, 14.14; p = 0.022), and enough funds (adjusted ß = -5.46; 95% CI: -9.25, -1.67; p = 0.005). Meanwhile, the practice towards WPV prevention is significantly associated with Chinese ethnicity (adjusted ß = -9.25; 95% CI: -18.36, -0.14; p = 0.047), Indian ethnicity (adjusted ß = -14.97; 95% CI: -29.48, -0.46; p = 0.043), other ethnicities (adjusted ß = 23.55; 95% CI: 5.59, 41.51; p = 0.011), degree holder (adjusted ß = -4.41; 95% CI: -8.67, -0.14; p = 0.043), and availability of standard operating procedure for reporting WPV (adjusted ß = 6.07; 95% CI: 1.58, 10.57; p = 0.008). The high perception and practice towards WPV prevention and its associated factors among healthcare employers provide evidence-based input to improve the existing measures for WPV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nizam Mohamad Yazid
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Rosmawati Nik Husain
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aziah Daud
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yelmizaitun Osman
- Kelantan State Health Department, Kota Bharu 15590, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Normazura Mustapa
- Melaka State Health Department, Melaka International Trade Centre, Malacca 75450, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Azlihanis Abdul Hadi
- Ministry of Health Malaysia, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya 62590, Selangor, Malaysia
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Toska A, Saridi M, Christakis A, Gotsi S, Fradelos EC, Papageorgiou G, Souliotis K. Frequency and Impacts of Verbal Abuse on Healthcare Workers in a Secondary Healthcare Structure in Greece. Cureus 2023; 15:e35406. [PMID: 36987469 PMCID: PMC10040172 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Threatening and aggressive behaviors in healthcare settings constitute a significant problem that can affect not only the physical and mental integrity of staff but also patient safety and the quality of healthcare. Literature highlights verbal abuse as the most common form of non-physical violence and is estimated from 51.8% to 63.4% worldwide. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was the investigation of verbal abuse incidence toward physicians and nurses and the differences noted between them in a regional hospital. METHODS The study took place in a public regional hospital in southern Greece. A number of 185 nurses and 60 physicians completed the verbal abuse scale (VAS) for assessing verbal violence in the work environment; selected socio-demographic and occupational characteristics were also recorded. RESULTS Physicians have undergone verbal abuse once a week at a percentage of 38.3%, while at the same frequency; nurses record a percentage of 12.4%. Regarding the relationship between the victim of verbal abuse and the abuser, 26.7% of the physicians answered that the abuser was another senior member of the staff, while the percentage for nurses is higher and reaches 31.9%. According to VAS items, accusing and blaming (mean±SD=3.00±0.96) is noted as the most common form of verbal abuse for physicians, judging and criticizing stands out as the most frequent (3.17±1.11) and the most stressful action (3.25±1.11) form for nurses. The most frequent behavior by the physicians is to put the verbal abuse situation in a humorous context (2.78±1.14). In contrast, nurses are trying to clarify any misunderstanding that may occur (3.10±1.00). CONCLUSIONS Verbal abuse incidents are experienced by both physicians and nurses. They are stressful for the victims and can significantly affect work relationships and job satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Saridi
- Department of Nursing, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GRC
| | | | - Sofia Gotsi
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Corinth, Corinth, GRC
| | | | | | - Kyriakos Souliotis
- Department of Social & Educational Policy, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, GRC
- Department of Research, Health Policy Institute, Athens, GRC
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Violence against Emergency Nurses in Kermanshah-Iran: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Nurs Res Pract 2023; 2023:9362977. [PMID: 36687388 PMCID: PMC9859709 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9362977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Violence against emergency nurses is a global concern with undesirable physical and psychological consequences. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of physical and verbal violence against emergency nurses in Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 150 nurses working in seven hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences were included in the study using the stratified random sampling method. The data collection tools included a personal information form and a researcher-made questionnaire. Violence-related characteristics were assessed using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was used to identify factors related to physical and verbal violence. Results The frequency rates of physical and verbal violence during the past 12 months were equal to 62% (n = 93) and 94.7% (n = 142), respectively. In both types of physical violence (49.5%, n = 46) and verbal violence (40.4%, n = 57), the nursing station was the most common place of violence. In both physical (n = 40, 43.0%) and verbal violence (n = 101, 71.1%), the most common perpetrator was the patient's family. Most physical violence (57.0%, n = 53) and verbal violence (35.2%, n = 50) occurred in the night shifts. No statistically significant relationship was found between physical and verbal violence and gender, age, marital status, type of employment, and work experience. Discussion. The results indicate the seriousness of workplace violence against nurses. It is necessary to adopt a global approach along with providing sufficient manpower and psychological empowerment of nurses. Further studies with a forward-looking approach are suggested.
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Morra S, Fawaz M, Rayan A, Malak MZ, Abdalrahim A, Al-Amer R, Al Omari O, Ayed A, Al-Dwaikat T, Ayasreh I, Al-Osoufe L, Mohammad KI, Alhroub N, Al Dameery K, ALBashtawy M, Alkhawaldeh A. Psychological Reactions of Lebanese Nurses to Workplace Violence in Critical Care Units. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231177800. [PMID: 37255581 PMCID: PMC10226333 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231177800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Workplace violence (WPV) is a growing concern that constitutes a major threat to occupational health and safety, thereby comprising a priority issue for policymakers. Given the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and comorbidities among the Lebanese population, nurses working in critical care settings encounter intense workloads and high-risk interactions, potentially increasing the risk of WPV. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the traumatic and psychological reactions of Lebanese critical nurses who have been exposed to WPV, and the risk factors for depression and anxiety. Methods The study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive correlational design; 112 critical care nurses from diverse departments took part in this study during the period of June to July 2021. Results A positive, significant correlation between WPV exposure and self-reported anxiety was observed, p = .03 with high levels of WPV, especially among patients and their families. Although verbal abuse was found to be more prevalent among critical care nurses in Lebanon compared to physical and sexual violence, the severity of the situation and its impact on the nurses' mental health and well-being cannot be ignored. Conclusions WPV for critical care nurses is a serious issue that needs to be considered. Policy-makers should develop the politics of regulating the nursing profession, especially for critical care nurses in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirna Fawaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Rayan
- Faculty of Nursing, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Malakeh Z. Malak
- Community Health Nursing, Faculty of
Nursing, Al- Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asem Abdalrahim
- Department of Community and Mental
Health, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq,
Jordan
| | | | - Omar Al Omari
- Faculty of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahmad Ayed
- Faculty of Nursing, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Tariq Al-Dwaikat
- Community and Mental Health Nursing
Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid,
Jordan
| | - Ibrahim Ayasreh
- Department of Adult Nursing, Faculty
of Nursing, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - Laith Al-Osoufe
- Department of Pediatric Nursing,
Faculty of Nursing, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - Khitam Ibrahem Mohammad
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of
Nursing, Jordan University of Science &Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | | | - Mohammed ALBashtawy
- Department of Community and Mental
Health, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq,
Jordan
| | - Abdullah Alkhawaldeh
- Department of Community and Mental
Health, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq,
Jordan
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15
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Triggers of Workplace Violence in Emergency Departments: A Qualitative Study. NURSE MEDIA JOURNAL OF NURSING 2022. [DOI: 10.14710/nmjn.v12i3.44914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Workplace violence has become an alarming phenomenon facing healthcare systems worldwide. Emergency nurses were the most victimized from workplace violence incidents. There is a crucial need for conducting qualitative research addressing the unique contextual factors associated with workplace violence against emergency nurses in Jordan.Purpose: This study aimed to explore circumstances that Jordanian emergency nurses, who were victims of workplace violence from clients and/or their relatives, perceive as provocative for workplace violence events.Methods: A qualitative phenomenological method was used. Purposive sampling was utilized to recruit participants (n=15), who were victims of workplace violence, and working in eight emergency departments distributed over all regions of Jordan. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted. All interviews were recorded and transcribed into Arabic. The Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to manually analyse the gathered data. Member checking, prolonged engagement with data, stepwise replication, and personal journaling were used to enhance the rigor of the study.Results: Findings of this study resulted in four superordinate themes that represents the main individual, social, and organisational factors contributing to workplace violence in Jordanian emergency departments. These themes include aggressors’ misconceptions and misbehaviours with four subordinate themes, inappropriate Jordanian social customs with two subordinate themes, organisational circumstances of emergency department with two subordinate themes, and escalator nurses with three subordinate themes.Conclusion: This study highlighted how specific social, cultural, legal, and administrative aspects of Jordanian society were inappropriately employed so as to lead to spread of the workplace violence. This study has provided insight into the need for change at personal level of emergency nurses, social level of Jordanian public, and organizational level of hospital administration and environment in order to mitigate workplace violence incidence in emergency departments.
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Al-Qadi MM, Maruca AT, Beck CT, Walsh SJ. Exploring Jordanian emergency registered nurses’ experiences of workplace violence: A phenomenological study. Int Emerg Nurs 2022; 65:101218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2022.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Elsaid NMAB, Ibrahim O, Abdel-Fatah ZF, Hassan HA, Hegazy MH, Anwar MM, Soliman HH. Violence against healthcare workers during coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Egypt: a cross-sectional study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2022; 12:45. [PMID: 36259083 PMCID: PMC9560887 DOI: 10.1186/s41935-022-00304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Healthcare workers are on the front lines of COVID-19 and are subject to risks. A rise in the cases of violence and aggressiveness against HCWs has been observed worldwide, adding to the already existing burnout. The purpose of this research is to determine the prevalence of workplace violence, its risk variables, and the pattern of violence directed towards healthcare workers in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The research used a cross-sectional analytic design. Purposive sampling was utilized to identify research participants using an online survey. Form’s link was distributed to accessible social media groups such as Facebook and WhatsApp from July 2020 to the end of October 2020. A self-administered structured survey was adapted from the World Health Organization survey questionnaire about violence in healthcare settings. The Google Form’s link was distributed to the social media groups until the total sample of 405 was collected.
Results
During the COVID-19 pandemic, workplace violence against Egyptian healthcare workers was prevalent (63.2%). The most prevailing type of violence among the exposed participants was verbal violence (87.9%). Violence is more common in the (< 40 years old) age group (80.9% of exposed healthcare workers). Violence was more statistically significant against females (60.5% of the exposed healthcare workers) (p-value = 0.023). Regarding the work specialty, violence was more committed against physicians (84.3% of exposed healthcare workers) than nurses (12.8% of exposed healthcare workers). The primary perpetrators of violence were the patient’s family (74.6%). The majority of the exposed HCWs (96%) reported no physical injury from the violent event, and 71.5% deemed the violent incident preventable. The majority (90.6%) of HCWs exposed to violent incidents declared non-reporting.
Conclusions
Effective risk communication at all levels of society is critical for reducing fear, stigma, and ultimately workplace violence, as recent assaults on healthcare institutions demonstrate. To reduce violence and safeguard the safety of the medical profession, the government, health policymakers, media organizations, and community engagement groups must collaborate for healthcare workers’ safety.
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Abu Khait A, Hamaideh SH, Aldalaykeh M, ALhamdan A, Lazenby M. Psychiatric nurses' experiences and the emotional and psychological sequelae after being psychologically or physically assaulted in psychiatric units: A phenomenological study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 40:115-123. [PMID: 36064234 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to describe psychiatric nurses' experiences and the emotional and psychological sequelae after being psychologically or physically assaulted in inpatient psychiatric units. METHOD The study employed a descriptive, phenomenological research approach. A purposive sample of 27 psychiatric nurses participated in in-depth one-on-one interviews. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) seven-step method. RESULTS Three themes and ten sub-themes emerged: A Fertile Environment for Physical and Psychological Workplace Violence, Psycho-Emotional Sequelae Aftermath of Assault, and Proactive Strategies for Combating Violence. DISCUSSION A thorough understanding of workplace violence aids in the development of strategies for preventing and addressing this phenomenon and its psychological and emotional consequences. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The current study provides new insights on the importance of offering mental health and emotional support to assaulted nurses, especially those with accumulated exposure to violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Abu Khait
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
| | - Shaher H Hamaideh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
| | - Mohammed Aldalaykeh
- Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | | | - Mark Lazenby
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Berk Hall
- 802 West Peltason, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America.
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19
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Kumari A, Ranjan P, Sarkar S, Chopra S, Kaur T, Baitha U. Identifying Predictors of Workplace Violence Against Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2022; 26:207-224. [PMID: 37033752 PMCID: PMC10077728 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_164_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the predictors of workplace violence amongst healthcare professionals is important to develop and implement prevention and mitigation strategies. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the recent evidence on predictors of workplace violence across healthcare settings. The review has been done as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) were used to search peer-reviewed studies published for the year 2009-2020 to identify studies reporting predictors of workplace violence. The significant predictors were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as proportions in most of the studies and some studies used inferential statistics such as logistic regression analysis, Chi-square test, ANOVA and Student's t-test. A total of 46 studies were identified and overall evidence was graded using an adapted GRADE approach. Some of the moderate quality predictors associated with workplace violence were the patient with a history of mental health disease, psychiatric setting, professional's gender and work experience and evening shift workers. Being a nurse was the only high-quality predictor. Healthcare professionals and administration can identify the predictors relevant to their setting to mitigate episodes of violence against healthcare personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Chopra
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanveer Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Department of Medicine, Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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20
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Lei Z, Yan S, Jiang H, Feng J, Han S, Herath C, Shen X, Min R, Lv C, Gan Y. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Workplace Violence Against Emergency Department Nurses in China. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604912. [PMID: 35990192 PMCID: PMC9385966 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We aim to find out the prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of workplace violence (WPV) against current Chinese emergency department (ED) nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 20,136 ED nurses was conducted in 31 provinces in China between July and September 2019. Descriptive analyses were used to examine the prevalence and characteristics of WPV. Chi-square analysis and Binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify the predictors of WPV. Results: During the past 12 months, there are 79.39% of ED nurses exposed to any type of WPV, including 78.38% and 39.65% exposed to nonphysical and physical violence, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis shows that ED nurses who were male, had bachelor’s degrees, had average monthly salary between 5,001 and 12,000, worked in central China, had higher professional titles, were more experienced, arranging shift work, and had higher work stress were more likely to experience WPV. Conclusion: A relatively high prevalence of WPV against Chinese ED nurses has been revealed in this study. The characteristics and predictors of WPV remind us to take positive measures to reduce WPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Lei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijiao Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyang Han
- The Fourth Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chulani Herath
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Min
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Gan, ; Chuanzhu Lv, ; Rui Min,
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Emergency Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Gan, ; Chuanzhu Lv, ; Rui Min,
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Gan, ; Chuanzhu Lv, ; Rui Min,
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Habibzadeh H, Moradi Y, Baghaei R, Parizad N. The nature and pre-disposing factors of workplace violence: A qualitative study of how violence is experienced by ED personnel. Int Emerg Nurs 2022; 63:101193. [PMID: 35809483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2022.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence against emergency department (ED) personnel, especially nurses, is a growing global challenge, and it can have serious adverse impacts on the personnel's life and patient care. Investigating the experience of ED personnel can help healthcare authorities find the underlying factors causing violence and use proper strategies to prevent it. METHODS In this qualitative exploratory study, data were collected using in-depth, face to face and semi-structured interviews with 20 ED personnel working in five hospitals in west Azerbaijan of Iran. The interviews were transcribed and transferred to MaxQda10 software for coding. Then, six steps conventional content analysis process proposed by Graneheim and Lundman (2004) was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Two overarching categories of "perceived violence" and "predisposing factors of violence" were extracted from the data analysis. Perceived violence was supported by "verbal violence," "physical violence," "ethnic violence," and "sexual violence." The sub-categories of the "predisposing factors of violence included "inefficient management," "low professional competence of personnel," and " violent atmosphere." CONCLUSION Concerning the high perceived experiences of violence in the ED, health care systems should take fundamental measures such as supporting the ED personnel, improving management, developing and implementing standard guidelines for triaging patients, conducting continuous educational courses on clinical knowledge and skills, and how to interact and communicate with clients would help prevent violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Habibzadeh
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Y Moradi
- Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Nursing & Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - R Baghaei
- Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Nursing & Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - N Parizad
- Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Nursing & Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Laadraoui F, Zeggwagh A. Prévalence et facteurs favorisants la violence à l’encontre du personnel paramédical des services des urgences d’un hôpital universitaire marocain. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Effects of workplace violence on the quality of care by nurses: a study of the Volta Region of Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Alfuqaha OA, Albawati NM, Alhiary SS, Alhalaiqa FN, Haha MFF, Musa SS, Shunnar O, AL Thaher Y. Workplace Violence among Healthcare Providers during the COVID-19 Health Emergency: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12040106. [PMID: 35447678 PMCID: PMC9026762 DOI: 10.3390/bs12040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Workplace violence among healthcare providers (HCPs) is a tangible barrier to patient care. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into physicians’ and nurses’ perceptions of workplace violence and their perceptions of communication skills during the COVID-19 health emergency. We also sought to assess and compare the association between types of workplace violence, communication skills, and several sociodemographic factors of physicians and nurses including gender, marital status, site of work, age, and educational level during this era. (2) Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of a selected hospital in Jordan using the Arabic version of the workplace violence and communication skills scales for September to November 2020. We included a total of 102 physicians and 190 nurses via a self-reported questionnaire. (3) Results: During the COVID-19 health emergency, physicians (48%) experienced workplace violence more than nurses (31.6%). More than two-thirds of the participants did not formally report any type of violence. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that marital status, gender, age, site of work, educational levels, and communication skills were associated with different types of violence among the two samples. (4) Conclusions: A high prevalence of workplace violence is noted among HCPs in Jordan compared with before the pandemic, which highlights the importance of promoting public awareness during crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman A. Alfuqaha
- Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Nour M. Albawati
- Department of Nursing, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (N.M.A.); (S.S.A.); (O.S.)
| | - Sakher S. Alhiary
- Department of Nursing, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (N.M.A.); (S.S.A.); (O.S.)
| | | | - Moh’d Fayeq F. Haha
- School of Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.F.F.H.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Suzan S. Musa
- School of Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.F.F.H.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Ohood Shunnar
- Department of Nursing, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (N.M.A.); (S.S.A.); (O.S.)
| | - Yazan AL Thaher
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan;
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Yıldız İ, Tok Yıldız F. Pediatric emergency nurses' workplace violence experiences: A qualitative study. Int Emerg Nurs 2022; 62:101160. [PMID: 35339106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2022.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace violence is a crucial problem experienced by health workers who serve at the emergency service. The identification of emergency nurses' workplace experiences is of importance to the prevention of violence and the development of solutions. PURPOSE This study was performed to identify the workplace violence experiences of the nurses working for the pediatric emergency units. METHOD A total of 20 nurses who experienced violence at the emergency service participated in the study that was conducted as qualitative research. The data were collected with the semi-structured interview form and were evaluated by using thematic analysis. RESULTS Five themes, namely, "the characteristics of violence", "the causes of violence", "the approach during/after the violence", "the consequences of the violence for the person", and the "consequences of the violence for the profession", were identified. Nurses stated that they often experienced verbal violence due to patient relatives' unmet expectations, the failure of patient relatives to understand treatments and practices, and the heavy workload, they endeavored to eliminate violence by trying to communicate with perpetrators of the violence, calling the security staff, and reporting the violence to their managers, and they were individually and professionally affected by the violence. CONCLUSION Nurses are negatively affected by workplace violence. Pediatric emergency nurses should be supported with training programs and policies to be developed for the prevention and solution of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Yıldız
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Tok Yıldız
- Vocational School of Health Care Services, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
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Huang L, Chang H, Liu Y, Mo B, Peng X, Zhang F. Formally reporting incidents of workplace violence among nurses: A scoping review. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:1677-1687. [PMID: 35213934 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe and synthesise the scientific literature on nurses' formal reporting of workplace violence. BACKGROUND Research on reporting workplace violence among nurses is increasing annually, but the evidence from such reports has not been summarised or analysed. EVALUATION A scoping review was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and Ovid-Embase. KEY ISSUES Forty-nine studies were included in this review, and four significant issues pertinent to reporting of workplace violence was identified: (1) the reporting rate is generally low, and oral report is the most popular medium (2) nurses are often not satisfied with how the organisation handles their report, (3) the reasons affecting reporting are complex and diverse, (4) few studies have proposed countermeasures to promote reporting formally. CONCLUSION Scholars are paying increasing attention to workplace violence, however, the reporting of workplace violence in real world situations is not being facilitated to inform improvements in managing violence in the workplace. Therefore, more countermeasures conducive to reporting urgently need to be put forward. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse managers are in a pivotal position to encourage reporting by their staff, respond pro-actively and advocate for more streamlined and accessible processes. The findings of this review can provide a basis for nursing managers to better manage workplace violence and improve the reporting rate among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Chang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilan Liu
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beirong Mo
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengjian Zhang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yesilbas H, Baykal U. Causes of workplace violence against nurses from patients and their relatives: A qualitative study. Appl Nurs Res 2021; 62:151490. [PMID: 34814994 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses are frequently exposed to violence in workplaces. Although the causes of workplace violence have been widely analyzed, there are only a limited number of qualitative studies dealing with violence against nurses from patient and their relatives with a comprehensive and multi-directional approach. AIM This study aimed to explore the causes of violence against nurses exercised by patients and/or their relatives in different departments of Turkish hospitals. METHODS This study utilized a qualitative descriptive design. Participants were chosen with purposive sampling and maximum variation sampling method from five different hospitals. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 34 nurses working in different positions and departments. The interviews were recorded with audio recorders and the data were analyzed with a content analysis. RESULTS Four major themes emerged from the nurses' perspective concerning causes of workplace violence including the followings: (1) health care system, (2) health institutions, (3) health professionals, and (4) patients and their relatives. The themes "health care system" and "health institutions" include four subthemes, "health professionals" include five subthemes and "patients and their relatives" include twelve subthemes. CONCLUSION There are various causes why nurses are exposed to violence in the workplace by patients and/or their relatives. Since the causes of violence are a multifaceted issue, prevention strategies of violence against nurses should be planned and implemented accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Yesilbas
- Department of Nursing Management, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Ulku Baykal
- Department of Nursing Management, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lisak A, Efrat-Treister D, Glikson E, Zeldetz V, Schwarzfuchs D. The influence of culture on care receivers' satisfaction and aggressive tendencies in the emergency department. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256513. [PMID: 34473754 PMCID: PMC8412260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reducing aggressive tendencies among care receivers in the emergency department has great economic and psychological benefits for care receivers, staff, and health care organizations. In a study conducted in a large multicultural hospital emergency department, we examined how cultural factors relating to ethnicity interact to enhance care receivers’ satisfaction and reduce their aggressive tendencies. Specifically, we explored how care receivers’ cultural affiliation, individual cultural characteristics, and the cultural situational setting interact to increase care receivers’ satisfaction and reduce their aggressive tendencies. Method Data were collected using survey responses from 214 care receivers. We use structural equation models and the bootstrap method to analyze the data. Results Care receivers’ openness to diversity (an individual cultural characteristic) was positively related to their satisfaction that was associated with lower aggressive tendencies, only when they were affiliated with a cultural minority group and when the cultural situational setting included language accessibility. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that cultural affiliation, individual cultural characteristics, and cultural situational setting can affect care receivers’ satisfaction and aggressive tendencies in a multicultural emergency department context. In particular, high cultural openness of care receivers, and making information accessible in their native language, increased satisfaction and reduced aggressive tendencies among cultural minority care receivers in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Lisak
- Department of Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Dorit Efrat-Treister
- Department of Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ella Glikson
- The Graduate School of Business Administration, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Vladimir Zeldetz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soroka University Medical Center, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Schwarzfuchs
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soroka University Medical Center, Be’er Sheva, Israel
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Liu X, Yang H, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Wang J, Dong L, Zhang M, Liang T. Incidence of workplace violence against nurses among Chinese hospitals: A meta-analysis. J Nurs Manag 2021; 30:1490-1501. [PMID: 34291858 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the incidence of workplace violence against nurses in Chinese hospitals. BACKGROUND Previous systematic reviews on the incidence of workplace violence against Chinese health care workers did not include many articles published in Chinese. Although several studies have investigated cases of violence against health care providers in China, no meta-analysis has been conducted to assess the incidence of violence against Chinese nurses. EVALUATION In this study, relevant data were retrieved from studies published up to July 2020. A meta-analysis was conducted using R software (Version 4.0). KEY FINDINGS The 12-month incidence of workplace violence among Chinese nurses was 71% (95% CI 67%-75%), and verbal violence was the most common sub-type of violence (63%, 95% CI 58%-67%). CONCLUSION Chinese nurses are at a high risk of violence at workplace. Hospital managers should explore ways to reduce violence against their employees, especially the younger nurses who work in secondary hospitals. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT The findings of this study highlight the need to enhance the legal system in terms of laws meant to effectively mitigate violence against nurses in Chinese hospitals. Measures should be particularly taken to protect younger nurses who work in secondary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haojie Yang
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yule Hu
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Dong
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liang
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Aljohani B, Burkholder J, Tran QK, Chen C, Beisenova K, Pourmand A. Workplace violence in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2021; 196:186-197. [PMID: 34246105 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emergency departments (EDs) currently face a widely acknowledged issue of workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs). WPV in the ED occurs in different forms and from different types of instigators; its prevalence also varies in different regions of the world. This study investigates the incidence of WPV among ED staff and identifies the types of instigators involved. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Using PubMed and SCOPUS databases, a search for WPV against ED physicians and nurses was conducted, yielding 301 articles. Studies were excluded if measuring violence between HCWs or against prehospital personnel. Studies assessing WPV not in the ED, such as domestic violence that occurred before arrival to the ED, and studies investigating violence involving alcohol/drug use or individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis were also excluded. This study used a random-effects meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of WPV in the ED, including types of violence, instigators, and professions of the victims. RESULTS In total, 26 articles were selected for this study. There were 9072 cases of WPV in the ED; 6575 (72%) cases involved verbal violence and 1639 (18%) related to physical abuse. Among the ED workers involved, 2112 (36.5%) were physicians, 3225 (55.7%) were nurses and 455 (7.8%) other ED staff. There were 2578 instigators, of whom 1340 (52%) were family members, 700 (27%) were patients and 538 (21%) were other relatives/friends. The overall prevalence of verbal violence was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.82, I2 = 87%), suggesting 77% of ED staff reported exposure to WPV. The prevalence of violence from patients as instigators was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.18-31, I2 = 93%). CONCLUSIONS WPV in the ED is a serious issue as most nurses and physicians are significantly exposed to verbal and/or physical abuse. Further studies should focus on factors influencing the different types of WPV, which ED professions are most at risk and interventions to prevent WPV in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aljohani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Burkholder
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Q K Tran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Trauma, The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K Beisenova
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - A Pourmand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA.
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Faghihi M, Farshad A, Abhari MB, Azadi N, Mansourian M. The components of workplace violence against nurses from the perspective of women working in a hospital in Tehran: a qualitative study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:209. [PMID: 34011330 PMCID: PMC8136170 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Based on the World Health Organization (WHO), workplace violence can affect events where employees are abused, attacked or threatened in their workplace, and it also has some consequences such as safety, welfare, and health. Like other types of violence, workplace violence and aggression are an increasing phenomenon. Moreover, workplace violence not only disrupts interpersonal and organizational relationships, but it also impairs the persons self-esteem and affects their physical and mental health and well-being. Thus, this study aimed to explain the components of workplace violence against nurses from the perspective of women working in a hospital in Tehran, which was conducted through the qualitative method and content analysis. Methods In this study Purposive sampling included 21 female nurses who were working in different wards of the hospital. Also, female nurses were selected with maximum diversity in terms of work experience, age, and the wards they were working in. in this study the semi-structured interview was the main method of data collection. The interview transcriptions were extracted and then divided into meaningful units. For strengthening and confirming the results and accuracy of the research, the author used the data acceptability, credibility, accuracy, validity, believability, verifiability, reliability, and transferability. Results During the data analysis process of this study, the first 15 classes with the same characteristics were put together and then divided into 6 classes. Afterwards, based on the common features at a more abstract level, they were converted into 2 themes. Based on the findings, violence against women in the workplace occurs at two levels, that namely interpersonal violence and organizational coercion. Conclusion Therefore, it is necessary for managers to commit to lay the groundwork for reducing violence in the hospital, as well as barriers to report these cases especially the hospital managers and officials should create awareness on workplace among the staff, patient and visitors and must ensure stringent actions to prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Faghihi
- Health Education and Promotion, Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Farshad
- Occupational Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Biglari Abhari
- Community Medicine Specialist Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Community and Family Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nammamali Azadi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Han CY, Chen LC, Lin CC, Goopy S, Lee HL. How Emergency Nurses Develop Resilience in the Context of Workplace Violence: A Grounded Theory Study. J Nurs Scholarsh 2021; 53:533-541. [PMID: 33960107 PMCID: PMC8518509 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To understand how emergency nurses develop resilience in the context of workplace violence. Design This study employed grounded theory methodology. Thirty nurses from three hospital emergency departments in Taiwan were interviewed between August and December 2018. Methods Semistructured interviews were used to collect data. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Findings The process through which emergency nurses who had experienced workplace violence developed resilience took place in three stages: the release of emotions after the assault; the interpretation of conflicting thoughts and actions; and the establishment of strategies to cope with workplace violence in the future. The core theme was the motivating role of professional commitment to emergency patient care. Conclusions The results of this study can inform the development of support systems to enhance the resilience of nurses experiencing workplace violence by alerting healthcare administrators and governing institutions to their needs. Clinical Relevance Emergency nurses viewed professional growth and professional commitment as an invisible motivator in the development of resilience following an encounter with workplace violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yen Han
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, and Clinical Competency Center Chang Gung University of Science and Technology; Associate Research Fellow (joint appointment) Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Chin Chen
- Director, Department of Nursing, New Taipei Municipal Tuncheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chih Lin
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology; Associate Research Fellow (joint appointment) Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Suzanne Goopy
- Senior Teaching Fellow and Programme Coordinator, Usher institute, University of Edinburgh, UK, and Adjunct Associate Professor at University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Hui-Ling Lee
- Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Timmins F, Timmins B. An integrative review of waiting time, queuing, and design as contributory factors to emergency department violence. J Evid Based Med 2021; 14:139-151. [PMID: 34032010 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reports of violence in health care are continuously increasing. Globally there are attempts to manage this phenomenon. However, while risk factors have been identified, there is a tendency to over accentuate the extent of their contribution. Alcohol and drug misuse, for example, are frequently reported, with limited consideration of the ED environment. By far the biggest cause of violence appears to be the presentation of conditions related to or accompanied by mental illness and the impact of queuing and crowded departments on patients and their families. This study aims to examine the extent to which ED waiting times, design and queuing are linked to ED violence. METHODS An integrative literature review was performed using CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE databases. 110 papers were initially selected, and the final analysis included 25 papers. RESULTS The literature revealed three emerging themes: the nature of emergency department violence, environmental contributory factors and its management and control. CONCLUSION The findings of this review reveal several causes of violence. Surprisingly most approaches take a victim blaming approach aimed at identifying potential perpetrators rather than taking a holistic approach to prevention that would also address environmental and societal issues. More is needed in terms of implementation of more far-reaching, practical, and effective management solutions to promote health care workers' safety and adequately support vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Timmins
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfied, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernard Timmins
- School of Engineering & Built Environment, Technological University of Dublin, Bolton Street, Dublin, Ireland
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Verbal abuse among newly hired registered Jordanian nurses and its correlate with self-esteem and job outcomes. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06929. [PMID: 33997427 PMCID: PMC8102753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purposes 1) identify the verbal abuse prevalence among newly hired registered nurses in Jordan; 2) examine the mean score of self-esteem, intent to stay, and job commitment 3) examine the relationships between the exposure to and the effects of verbal abuse, self-esteem, job commitment, and intent to stay in newly hired Jordanian registered nurses. Background Studies shows that verbal abuse in health care settings is a health-risk factor for both nurses and patients. Design A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted jn 2019. Materials and methods A convenient sample of 200 registered nurses were recruited from two large cities in the North of Jordan. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect data. Results Verbal abuse is highly prevalent among newly hired registered nurses in Jordan 100%, the mean score of exposure to verbal abuse was M = 6.76, and the effect of verbal abuse scale was M = 28.35. The result of person r indicated that there is a significant negative correlation between verbal abuse affect/reactions and registered nurses' intention to stay p = ˂0.01, job commitment p = ˂0.01 and self-esteem p = ˂0.01. Also, the exposure to verbal abuse is negatively correlated with nurse's job commitment, (r = -.203, p = .004). Conclusion Verbal abuse is negatively correlated with nurses' self-esteem, intent to stay and job commitment. Implications Administrators and nurse managers should establish educational training programs and workplace safety protocols to protect nurses and to create a safe positive work environment with no tolerance to verbal abuse.
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Abstract
Violence against health care providers is one of the most pressing problems faced by health care systems around the world. Because of unpredictability and acuity of emergency cases, emergency nurses are more vulnerable to workplace violence. Violence against emergency nurses is a complex and multidimensional problem that has a devastating impact on the physical, psychological, and social well-being of nurse victims. The purpose of this review is to integrate evidence on manifestations, contributing factors, and consequences of workplace violence perpetrated by patients and/or their relatives against emergency nurses, in addition to behavioral responses of emergency nurse victims toward workplace violence. An integrative review was conducted by searching 3 main electronic databases: Web of Sciences, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review process. The review identified the most common forms, contributing factors, unpleasant consequences of workplace violence, and behavioral reaction of nurse victims toward violence acts. Reporting rates of workplace violence among emergency nurses were found to be low. It is recommended to develop more effective workplace violence prevention and reporting programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim R Ayasreh
- Faculty of Nursing, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan (Dr Ayasreh); and Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan (Dr Hayajneh)
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Tung LT, Anh TT, Chinh NTM, Long NH. Public Reactions in Online Newspapers to Workplace Violence Against Nurses. SAGE Open Nurs 2021; 7:23779608211003819. [PMID: 35155768 PMCID: PMC8832289 DOI: 10.1177/23779608211003819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nurses frequently suffer from workplace violence, but the public is often not fully aware of the situation because many events are not widely reported. Methods This study is an attempt to describe public perceptions of and reactions to reports of incidents of violence against nurses in online newspapers. Articles about such violence in Vietnamese online newspapers published from January to December 2019 as well as readers’ comments on those articles were collected for thematic analysis. Results Nine assaults were reported in 152 articles, and 367 comments were left in the threads. The analysis found four themes: 1) proposing punishment, 2) showing sympathy, 3) being skeptical, and 4) taking gender into account. In particular, the audience called for stricter punishment of the assaulters and showed sympathy for the nurses. However, commenters’ prior experiences with poor nursing services sometimes made them skeptical about the motivations of the attackers. Additionally, commenters saw the violence as a conflict between a man (assaulter) and a woman (assaultee) rather than between a client and a professional nurse. Conclusions In general, the public showed support to nurses. Nurses should take advantage of this support to advocate improved policies and measures to protect themselves from violence at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thanh Tung
- Nam Dinh University of Nursing, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Nam Dinh, Vietnam
| | - Truong Tuan Anh
- Nam Dinh University of Nursing, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Nam Dinh, Vietnam
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Validation of a grounded theory of nurse bullying in emergency department settings. Int Emerg Nurs 2021; 56:100992. [PMID: 33761372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2021.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace bullying in health care settings, including emergency departments (EDs), is a significant and negative factor in the dynamics of patient care, nursing work culture, and nurse retention. Specifically, workplace bullying has a significant and negative effect on patient care, with both direct (errors and substandard care) and indirect sequelae (high turnover and inexperienced nursing staff hired to replace those nurses who have left to escape bullying behavior). The purpose of this study was to determine the theoretical coherence of the ENA model of nurse bullying in emergency department and its impact on emergency nurses' intent to leave their job. METHODS Correlational study using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), and the Short Negative Acts Questionnaire (SNAQ) in a cross-sectional sample of emergency nurses working in the United States. RESULTS Extremely high intent to leave the current ED (PD1) rates were associated with nurses' reported exposure to daily bullying (PD1 rate = 67.6%, zero-order OR = 4.77, Nr2 = 3.2%, p < .001) and bullying multiple times per week (49.1%, zero-order OR = 2.31, Nr2 = 2.6%, p < .001). Nurses who reported no exposure to bullying at work had a distinctly below average PD1 rate (22.9%, OR = 0.47, Nr2 = 3.9%, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The relationships between the tested elements of the model (specifically, the influence of bullying on nurse intent to leave) as constructed appear to adequately reflect the phenomenon of workplace bullying and its effects on nurse retention in emergency care settings.
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Salvador JT, Alqahtani FM, Al‐Madani MM, Jarrar MK, Dorgham SR, Victoria Reyes LD, Alzaid M. Workplace violence among Registered Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A qualitative study. Nurs Open 2021; 8:766-775. [PMID: 33570268 PMCID: PMC7877156 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The primary aim of this qualitative inquiry is to explore the experiences of Registered Nurses working in Saudi Arabia, which was a guide to answer the question, "what are the lived experiences of Registered Nurses working in a selected government hospital in Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia towards workplace violence?" BACKGROUND Workplace violence is a social phenomenon that needs a widespread campaign to eradicate. Incidence from all over the world continues to grow in number, especially among Registered Nurses in Saudi Arabia. METHODS Descriptive phenomenology. Purposive-convenience sampling was used in selecting 21 Registered Nurses as participants for individual in-depth interviews. Data were gathered over an 11 month's period from September 2017 to August 2018. We used Colaizzi's method for analysing the data. COREQ criteria were adapted in reporting the results of the study. RESULTS Three themes had emerged from the experiences of the participants: "co-workers become unjust and violent"; "socio-cultural divergence towards healthcare workers"; and "violence from outside influences affecting the workplace."
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Tovera Salvador
- Department of Nursing EducationCollege of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
| | - Friyal Mubarak Alqahtani
- Department of Community Health NursingCollege of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
| | - Maha Mohammed Al‐Madani
- Department of Fundamentals of NursingCollege of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Sherien Ragab Dorgham
- Department of Nursing EducationCollege of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Alzaid
- Department of Fundamentals of NursingCollege of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
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Alsharari AF, Abu-Snieneh HM, Abuadas FH, Elsabagh NE, Althobaity A, Alshammari FF, Alshmemri MS, Aroury AM, Alkhadam AQ, Alatawi SS. Workplace violence towards emergency nurses: A cross-sectional multicenter study. Australas Emerg Care 2021; 25:48-54. [PMID: 33602656 DOI: 10.1016/j.auec.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) against nurses continues to be a challenge within healthcare systems worldwide. Quantifying the burden of WPV in emergency departments will inform the design of appropriate interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern and factors associated with WPV among emergency nurses working in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A multicenter descriptive online survey was conducted using a standardized self-administered questionnaire. Emergency nurses working in public hospitals in the country were invited to participate. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The study recruited 849 emergency nurses, most (73.7%) had experienced WPV in the past two years; 47.4% experienced physical violence and 94.3% experienced non-physical violence. Most exposures to WPV occurred during the afternoon shifts (70.8%), and mainly perpetrated by family members or relatives of the patients (88.3%). CONCLUSION WPV encountered by emergency nurses in Saudi Arabia is alarmingly high, and underreported by the affected nurses. Increased workload, inadequate staffing levels, poorly enforced visitor policy, unmet expectations, and a lack of clarity in reporting were the most frequent causes of WPV. There is a need to reassess the current occupational safety measures in the emergency departments in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hana M Abu-Snieneh
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad H Abuadas
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed E Elsabagh
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulellah Althobaity
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan F Alshammari
- College of Nursing, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia; Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ammar M Aroury
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia; College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Arab Q Alkhadam
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman S Alatawi
- College of Nursing, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia; Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
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Rahmani A, Dadashzadeh A, Hassankhani H, Boyle M, Mohammadi E, Campbell S. Iranian Nurses' Experiences of Workplace Violence in Prehospital Emergency Care: A Qualitative Study. Adv Emerg Nurs J 2021; 42:137-149. [PMID: 32358430 DOI: 10.1097/tme.0000000000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prehospital emergency care nurses experience severe workplace violence. However, despite the widespread violence they experience, this phenomenon has not been well studied among these nurses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of Iranian nurses working in prehospital setting regarding workplace violence with a focus on the factors leading to such violence. In this qualitative descriptive study, 23 prehospital nurses participated purposefully. The data were collected by individual face-to-face semistructured interviews and analyzed using content analysis methodology. Data analysis led to the identification of 4 main themes, including job competency mismatch, inadequate resources, criticality of the situation and circumstances, and inadequate awareness and misplaced expectations of society. These nurses have not completed specialized training courses, work in a system that is in a critical situation, and face many barriers and deficiencies in terms of intra- and interorganizational coordination. On the other hand, people in the community do not have sufficient awareness about the duties and services provided by prehospital nurses and thus have unrealistic expectations to receive services. The results showed that there was a deep gap between the prehospital emergency realities and public expectations, leading to workplace violence. Therefore, efforts to improve the working conditions of nurses with an emphasis on teaching specialized prehospital emergency courses, especially violence control courses, promoting intra- and interorganizational coordination, and increasing the equipment and personnel of ambulances for special missions, as well as raising the public awareness and outlining more realistic expectations, may reduce the prevalence of violence against prehospital nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Rahmani
- Medical Education Research Center (Dr Rahmani), Nursing and Midwifery Faculty (Dr Dadashzadeh), and Center of Qualitative Studies, School of Nursing and Midwifery (Dr Hassankhani), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Medical-Surgical Department, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran (Drs Rahmani and Hassankhani and Dr Dadashzadeh); Griffith University, School of Medicine, Queensland, Australia (Dr Boyle); Faculty of Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (Dr Mohammadi); and School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Dr Campbell)
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Ma J, Chen X, Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Ming Z, Wang D, Wu H, Ye H, Zhou X, Xu Y, Li R, Sheng X, Fan F, Yang Z, Luo T, Lu Y, Deng Y, Yang F, Liu C, Liu C, Li X. Serious Workplace Violence Against Healthcare Providers in China Between 2004 and 2018. Front Public Health 2021; 8:574765. [PMID: 33520908 PMCID: PMC7841458 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.574765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare providers has severe consequences and is underreported worldwide. The aim of this study was to present the features, causes, and outcomes of serious WPV against healthcare providers in China. Method: We searched for serious WPV events reported online and analyzed information about time, location, people, methods, motivations, and outcomes related to the incident. Result: Serious WPV reported online in China (n = 379) were mainly physical (97%) and often involved the use of weapons (34.5%). Doctors were victims in most instances (81.1%). Serious WPV mostly happened in cities (90.2%), teaching hospitals (87.4%), and tertiary hospitals (67.9%) and frequently in Emergency Department (ED), Obstetrics and Gynecology Department (OB-GYN), and pediatric departments; it was most prevalent in the months of June, May, and February. Rates of serious WPV increased dramatically in 2014 and decreased after 2015, with death (12.8%), severe injury (6%), and hospitalization (24.2%) being the major outcomes. A law protecting healthcare providers implemented in 2015 may have helped curb the violence. Conclusion: Serious WPV in China may stem from poor patient-doctor relationships, overly stressed health providers in highly demanding hospitals, poorly educated/informed patients, insufficient legal protection, and poor communication. Furthering knowledge about WPV and working toward curtailing its presence in healthcare settings are crucial to increasing the safety and well-being of healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qiongjuan Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi Ming
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Dongxin Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Furong Forensic Center of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Yuhua, China
| | - Haisen Ye
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yunxuan Xu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Renjiao Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Sheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fangxiu Fan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zuiwen Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yajun Lu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chuntao Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
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Albalwei HSS, Ahmed NFH, Albalawi NMS, Albalawi SSA, Al-enazi NHK. Violence against Health Care Workers of Pediatric Departments in Saudi Arabia. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.51847/rj683kldzs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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The Presence of Workplace Bullying and Harassment Worldwide. CONCEPTS, APPROACHES AND METHODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0134-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Al‐Qadi MM. Workplace violence in nursing: A concept analysis. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12226. [PMID: 33960074 PMCID: PMC8103077 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the concept of workplace violence in nursing and propose an operational definition of the concept. METHODS The review method used was Walker and Avant's eight-step method. RESULTS Identification of the key attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of the concept resulted in an operational definition of the concept. The proposed operational definition identifies workplace violence experienced by nurses as any act or threat of verbal or physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the worksite with the intention of abusing or injuring the target. CONCLUSIONS Developing insights into the concept will assist in the design of new research scales that can effectively measure the underlying issues, provide a framework that facilitates nursing interventions, and improve the validity of future studies.
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Contreras Jofre P, Valenzuela Solís Á, Pinto Soto J, Mendoza Ponce N, López-Alegría F. [Workplace violence against emergency service nurses: an integrative reviewViolência no trabalho contra os profissionais de enfermagem em serviços de emergência: revisão integrativa]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2020; 44:e173. [PMID: 33346247 PMCID: PMC7745999 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Learn the worldwide frequency of physical and verbal violence against emergency service nurses, and its health and occupational impact. Methods An integrative review study was conducted in February 2020 of the MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL, and SciELO bibliographic databases, using the descriptors "Nurses," "Workplace Violence," "Physical Aggression," "Psychological Aggression," "Stress, Psychological," "Psychological Trauma," "Aggression," "Health Impact Assessment," "Health Impact," "Impacts on Health," "Impact Assessment, Health," and "Occupational Health." Results Of the articles located, 18 were included in the analysis. The studies confirmed that the health workers most affected by violence were nurses, and the most common types of violence were verbal aggression, followed by physical violence. In the hospital, these assaults most often occurred in the emergency service. The correlated impact on nurses' health included stress, emotional exhaustion, anxiety, and fear, among other symptoms. With regard to occupational impact, significant indirect accounts related to the reduction in productivity were evident. All these aspects led nurses to consider leaving their jobs in emergency services. Conclusions The results enabled identifying a risk profile for violence against nurses in emergency services, seen in the high incidence of physical and verbal violence that led to reduced productivity on the job and the onset of symptoms of burnout syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Contreras Jofre
- Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ámbar Valenzuela Solís
- Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Pinto Soto
- Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendoza Ponce
- Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fanny López-Alegría
- Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Bahadir-Yilmaz E, Kurşun A. Opinions of staff working in workplace-violence-related units on violence against nurses: A qualitative study. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:424-432. [PMID: 33063636 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1832035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the opinions of staff working in workplace-violence related units on violence against nurses. A qualitative and descriptive design was used. The participants were seven nurses, one biologist, and one social worker who agreed to attend an interview and worked in employee rights unit or occupational health and safety unit. Data were collected from June to December 2017. The interviews were analyzed with content analysis. Four main themes were identified, and the themes were the following: (1) risk factors; (2) reporting of violence; (3) consequences of violence; and (4) prevention and control. In summary, factors related to the patient, the nurse, and the physical structure of the hospital were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Bahadir-Yilmaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Giresun University, Piraziz, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Arzu Kurşun
- Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Towhari AA, Bugis BA. The Awareness of Violence Reporting System Among Healthcare Providers and the Impact of New Ministry of Health Violence Penalties in Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2057-2065. [PMID: 33116986 PMCID: PMC7555365 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s258106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Healthcare professionals are one of the most vulnerable groups subjected to verbal and physical violence daily while carrying out their duties; such violence is a worldwide concern. This study aimed to explore the awareness of a violence reporting system among healthcare providers and the impact of the new Ministry of Health (MOH) violence regulations at one of the Eastern Region hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2020. The study included 210 healthcare providers from different specialties working in critical care units. A sample of 137 healthcare providers was selected randomly, and a self-administered questionnaire was distributed accordingly. Results In this study, 31.4% of participants were not aware of whether they had a specific system for reporting violent incidents, while 68.6% had no training on these systems. Experiences of violence among the staff decreased from 78.6% before the MOH regulations to almost 20% after the MOH regulations. Conclusion The majority of victims did not report incidents because there is a lack of system privacy, and the workers felt that the incidents of violence were a part of their daily jobs. In addition, this study revealed that the majority of healthcare workers did not receive training on the reporting system, which explains their lack of knowledge about the formal reporting system. Finally, the MOH initiative and penalties for controlling workplace violence have resulted in a significant drop in the prevalence of violence among healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha A Towhari
- Respiratory Care Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Al-Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bussma A Bugis
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Nurses' perspectives of violence in emergency departments: A metasynthesis. Int Emerg Nurs 2020; 52:100905. [PMID: 32818745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace violence against nurses in the Emergency Department (ED) is a significant issue worldwide and has received increased attention. Workplace violence against nurses in the ED has increased in recent years. With such a large number of nurses having experienced violence, it is important to understand and elucidate the nurses' perspective of violence in the ED. METHOD Qualitative studies that were published between 2010 and 2019. A metasynthesis of 6 qualitative studies was conducted using Noblit and Hare's metaethnographic methodology. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. RESULTS Four overarching themes emerged from the data: the inevitability of violence, invisible wounds and painful memories, post-violence repercussions, and double-sided: physical and verbal abuse. DISCUSSION Findings provide insight into policies actions related to perpetrators and developing violence protections guidelines to support ED nurses in managing workplace violence. CONCLUSION Violence in the ED is an inevitable experience for nurses. Organizations must take a realistic approach to implement violence reduction measures and training programs in the ED.
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Jeong Y, Lee K. The Development and Effectiveness of a Clinical Training Violence Prevention Program for Nursing Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4004. [PMID: 32512930 PMCID: PMC7312691 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop and evaluate a violence prevention program for nursing students to improve communication self-efficacy, problem-focused coping style, emotion-focused coping style, and the ability to cope with violence. Using an eight-session violence prevention program, the study was designed as quasi experimental, with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessment with a nonequivalent control group. Nursing students from the fourth year of a university were selected as participants; 22 students were assigned to the experimental group and 23 to the control group. Data analysis included Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Levene's Test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results showed that the experimental group showed significantly higher posttest scores for the problem-focused coping style (F = 20.77, p < 0.001), intra-individual and interaction effects for the emotion-focused coping style (F = 12.03, p < 0.001), and the ability to cope with violence (U = 70, p < 0.001) than the control group. Thus, the workplace violence prevention program was effective for nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhwa Jeong
- Department of Nursing and Kyongbuk Science College, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39913, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Lee
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
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Yusif S, Hafeez-Baig A, Soar J. A model for evaluating eHealth preparedness – a case study approach. TRANSFORMING GOVERNMENT- PEOPLE PROCESS AND POLICY 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/tg-07-2019-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to validate an initially developed e-Health readiness assessment model.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors thematically analysed an initial qualitative data collected and used the outcome to develop survey instruments for this study. To collect the quantitative data, the authors used the drop and collect survey approach given the research setting. The quantitative data was analysed using factor and regression analyses of SPSS 23 in which hypotheses formulated were tested.
Findings
The results suggest that the model [R2 = 0.971; F (5, 214) = 1414.303], which is made up of readiness assessment factors (constructs) and measuring tools explain about 97% of the variance of the overall health information technology/e-Health adoption readiness at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. The measuring tools were reliable for assessing the composite variables (constructs): technology readiness; operational resource readiness; organizational and cultural readiness; regulatory and policy readiness; and core readiness, which have significant influence on eHealth adoption readiness assessment..
Originality/value
This study has successfully validated empirically developed eHealth readiness assessment model with complete reliable indicators given that existing eHealth readiness assessment models have not been effective due to a general lack of standard indicators for measuring assessment factors. The study also contributes to the growing research on the adoption of information technology/systems in health-care environment using the Technology–Organization–Environment framework.
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