1
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Lin H, Wu G, Hu X, Chisoro P, Yang C, Li Q, Blecker C, Li X, Zhang C. Electric fields as effective strategies for enhancing quality attributes of meat in cold chain logistics: A review. Food Res Int 2024; 193:114839. [PMID: 39160042 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Meat quality (MQ) is unstable during cold chain logistics (CCL). Different technologies have been developed to enhance MQ during the CCL process, while most of them cannot cover all the links of the cold chain because of complex environment (especially transportation and distribution), compatibility issues, and their single effect. Electric fields (EFs) have been explored as a novel treatment for different food processing. The effects and potential advantages of EFs for biological cryopreservation have been reported in many publications and some commercial applications in CCL have been realized. However, there is still a lack of a systematic review on the effects of EFs on their quality attributes in meat and its applications in CCL. In this review, the potential mechanisms of EFs on meat physicochemical properties (heat and mass transfer and ice formation and melting) and MQ attributes during different CCL links (freezing, thawing, and refrigeration processes) were summarized. The current applications and limitations of EFs for cryopreserving meat were also discussed. Although high intensity EFs have some detrimental effects on the quality attributes in meat due to electroporation and electro-breakdown effect, EFs present good applicability opportunities in most CCL scenes that have been realized in some commercial applications. Future studies should focus on the biochemical reactions of meat to the different EFs parameters, and break the limitations on equipment, so as to make EFs techniques closer to usability in the production environment and realize cost-effective large-scale application of EFs on CCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Prince Chisoro
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | | | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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2
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Phuah ET, Lee YY, Tang TK, Akoh C, Cheong LZ, Tan CP, Wang Y, Lai OM. Nonconventional Technologies in Lipid Modifications. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2024; 15:409-430. [PMID: 38134384 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-072023-034440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipid modifications play a crucial role in various fields, including food science, pharmaceuticals, and biofuel production. Traditional methods for lipid modifications involve physical and chemical approaches or enzymatic reactions, which often have limitations in terms of specificity, efficiency, and environmental impact. In recent years, nonconventional technologies have emerged as promising alternatives for lipid modifications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of nonconventional technologies for lipid modifications, including high-pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, ultrasound, ozonation, and cold plasma technology. The principles,mechanisms, and advantages of these technologies are discussed, along with their applications in lipid modification processes. Additionally, the challenges and future perspectives of nonconventional technologies in lipid modifications are addressed, highlighting the potential and challenges for further advancements in this field. The integration of nonconventional technologies with traditional methods has the potential to revolutionize lipid modifications, enabling the development of novel lipid-based products with enhanced functional properties and improved sustainability profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Tong Phuah
- Food Science and Technology, School of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei, Darussalam
| | - Yee-Ying Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Monash-Industry Plant Oils Research Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck-Kim Tang
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Casimir Akoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chin-Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Wang
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Oi-Ming Lai
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
- International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oils Processing and Safety, JNU-UPM, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Jeong SH, Lee HB, Lee DU. Effects of Pulsed Electric Field on Meat Tenderization and Microbial Decontamination: A Review. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:239-254. [PMID: 38764506 PMCID: PMC11097037 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This review sought to categorize studies on meat tenderization and safety through pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment, with a particular focus on reconciling conflicting findings regarding the tenderization effect (i.e., the primary outcome of PEF treatment) and to discuss the underlying mechanisms of these effects. While the tenderization effect may vary depending on the homogeneity of PEF treatment and variations in the conditions of texture measurements, the protein associated with tenderization was degraded by PEF treatment in most studies. PEF technology enables the delivery of a high voltage for a brief duration, typically in the microsecond range, making it a non-thermal technology. One of the distinct advantages of PEF is its ability to preserve the freshness of meat due to its exceptionally short treatment time. While PEF studies have traditionally centered on pasteurizing liquid foods, research on its application to meat is steadily expanding. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the mechanisms of PEF and provide current insights into the applications of this technology for meat tenderization and microbial inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ho Jeong
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
| | - Han-Beak Lee
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
| | - Dong-Un Lee
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
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4
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Chemat A, Song M, Li Y, Fabiano-Tixier AS. Shade of Innovative Food Processing Techniques: Potential Inducing Factors of Lipid Oxidation. Molecules 2023; 28:8138. [PMID: 38138626 PMCID: PMC10745320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With increasing environmental awareness and consumer demand for high-quality food products, industries are strongly required for technical innovations. The use of various emerging techniques in food processing indeed brings many economic and environmental benefits compared to conventional processes. However, lipid oxidation induced by some "innovative" processes is often "an inconvenient truth", which is scarcely mentioned in most studies but should not be ignored for the further improvement and optimization of existing processes. Lipid oxidation poses a risk to consumer health, as a result of the possible ingestion of secondary oxidation products. From this point of view, this review summarizes the advance of lipid oxidation mechanism studies and mainly discloses the shade of innovative food processing concerning lipid degradation. Sections involving a revisit of classic three-stage chain reaction, the advances of polar paradox and cut-off theories, and potential lipid oxidation factors from emerging techniques are described, which might help in developing more robust guidelines to ensure a good practice of these innovative food processing techniques in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziadé Chemat
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- GREEN Extraction Team, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, INRA, UMR408, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Mengna Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Anne-Sylvie Fabiano-Tixier
- GREEN Extraction Team, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, INRA, UMR408, F-84000 Avignon, France
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5
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Yan W, Sun Q, Zheng O, Han Z, Wang Z, Wei S, Ji H, Liu S. Effect of Liquid Nitrogen Freezing Temperature on the Muscle Quality of Litopenaeus vannamei. Foods 2023; 12:4459. [PMID: 38137263 PMCID: PMC10742912 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The implications of different liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF) temperatures (-35 °C, -65 °C, -95 °C, and -125 °C) on the ice crystal and muscle quality of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were investigated in this essay. The results showed that better muscle quality was maintained after LNF treatment compared to that after air blast freezing (AF) treatment. As the freezing temperature of liquid nitrogen decrease, the freezing speed accelerated, with the freezing speed of LNF at -125 °C being the fastest. However, an excessively fast freezing speed was not conducive to maintaining the quality of shrimp. Among all the freezing treatments, LNF at -95 °C led to the lowest thawing losses and cooking losses, and the highest L* values, indicating that LNF at -95 °C could keep the water holding capacity of frozen shrimp better than that with other freezing methods. At the same time, LNF at -95 °C resulted in higher water holding capacity, and hardness values for shrimps than those with other frozen treatments (p < 0.05). In addition, the results of the water distribution of shrimps showed that treatment with a -95 °C LNF reduced the migration rate of bound and free water. Meanwhile, the microstructural pores of shrimps in the -95 °C LNF group were smaller, indicating that the ice crystals generated during -95 °C LNF were relatively smaller than those generated via other frozen treatments. In conclusion, an appropriate LNF temperature (-95 °C) was beneficial for improving the quality of frozen shrimp, and avoiding freezing breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.Y.); (O.Z.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (S.W.); (H.J.)
| | - Qinxiu Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.Y.); (O.Z.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (S.W.); (H.J.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ouyang Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.Y.); (O.Z.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (S.W.); (H.J.)
| | - Zongyuan Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.Y.); (O.Z.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (S.W.); (H.J.)
| | - Zefu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.Y.); (O.Z.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (S.W.); (H.J.)
| | - Shuai Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.Y.); (O.Z.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (S.W.); (H.J.)
| | - Hongwu Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.Y.); (O.Z.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (S.W.); (H.J.)
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.Y.); (O.Z.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (S.W.); (H.J.)
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6
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Jiang Q, Zhang M, Mujumdar AS. Application of physical field-assisted freezing and thawing to mitigate damage to frozen food. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2223-2238. [PMID: 36208477 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Freezing is an effective technique to prolong the storage life of food. However, the freeze-thaw process also brings challenges to the quality of food, such as mechanical damage and freeze cracks. Increasingly, physical fields have been preferred as a means of assisting the freezing and thawing (F/T) processes to improve the quality of frozen food because of their high efficiency and simplicity of application. This article systematically reviews the application of high-efficiency physical field techniques in the F/T of food. These include ultrasound, microwave, radio frequency, electric fields, magnetic fields, and high pressure. The mechanisms, application effects, advantages and disadvantages of these physical fields are discussed. To better understand the role of various physical fields, the damage to food caused by the F/T process and traditional freezing is discussed. The evidence shows that the physical fields of ultrasound, electric field and high pressure have positive effects on the F/T of food. Proper application can control the size and distribution of ice crystals effectively, shorten the freezing time, and maintain the quality of food. Microwave and radio frequency exhibit positive effects on the thawing of food. Dipole rotation and ion oscillation caused by electromagnetic waves can generate heat inside the product and accelerate thawing. The effects of magnetic field on F/T are controversial. Although some physical field techniques are effective in assisting F/T of food, negative phenomena such as uneven temperature distribution and local overheating often occur at the same time. The generation of hotspots during thawing can damage the product and limit application of these techniques in industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Arun S Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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7
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Wang YY, Wang H, Zhou F, Wu Y, Ma H, Zhao R, He J, Gu Z. Effect of ultrasonic thawing temperature on the quality of quick-frozen small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) and its possible mechanisms. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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8
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Effect of Pulsed Electric Field on the Chicken Meat Quality and Taste-Related Amino Acid Stability: Flavor Simulation. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040710. [PMID: 36832786 PMCID: PMC9955897 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat contains several amino acids related to taste, which have a significant impact on the overall acceptability of consumers. A number of volatile compounds have been studied in relation to meat flavor, but amino acids have not been fully explored in relation to the taste of raw or cooked meat. It would be interesting to find any changes in physicochemical characteristics, especially the level of taste-active compounds and flavor content during non-thermal processing such as pulsed electric fields (PEF), for commercial reasons. The effect of PEF at low intensity (LPEF; 1 kV/cm) and comparatively high intensity (HPEF; 3 kV/cm) with different pulse numbers (25, 50, and 100) was investigated on the physicochemical characteristics of chicken breast, including the free amino acid content (related to umami, sweet, bitter, or fresh pleasant taste). PEF is regarded as a "nonthermal" technology; however, HPEF induces moderate temperature rises as it increases with the treatment intensity (i.e., electric field strength and pulse number). The pH, shear force, and cook loss (%) of the LPEF and untreated samples were not affected by the treatments, but the shear force of the LPEF and untreated samples was lower than that of HPEF groups that showed PEF-induced slight structural modifications resulting in a more porous cell. In the case of color parameters, the lightness of meat (L*) was significantly higher with treatment intensity, whereas both a* and b* were unaffected by the PEF treatments. Moreover, PEF treatment significantly (p < 0.05) affected umami-related free amino acids (FAAs; glutamic acid and aspartic acid) and leucine and valine, which are precursors of flavor compounds. However, PEF decreases the level of bitter taste contributing FAAs such as lysine and tyrosine, which may prevent the formation of fermented flavors. In conclusion, both PEF treatments (LPEF and HPEF) did not adversely impact the physicochemical quality of chicken breast.
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Jeong SH, Jung YM, Kim S, Kim JH, Yeo H, Lee DU. Tenderization of Beef Semitendinosus Muscle by Pulsed Electric Field Treatment with a Direct Contact Chamber and Its Impact on Proteolysis and Physicochemical Properties. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030430. [PMID: 36765959 PMCID: PMC9913947 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of pulse electric field (PEF) treatment on the tenderization of beef semitendinosus muscle were investigated. An adjustable PEF chamber was designed to make direct contact with the surface of the beef sample without water as the PEF-transmitting medium. PEF treatment was conducted with electric field strengths between 0.5 and 2.0 kV/cm. The pulse width and pulse number were fixed as 30 μs and 100 pulses, respectively. The impedance spectrum of PEF-treated beef indicated that PEF treatments induced structural changes in beef muscle, and the degree of the structural changes was dependent on the strength of the electric field. Cutting force, hardness, and chewiness were significantly decreased at 2.0 kV/cm (35, 37, and 34%, respectively) (p < 0.05). Troponin-T was more degraded by PEF treatment at 2.0 kV/cm intensity (being degraded by 90%). The fresh quality factors such as color and lipid oxidation were retained under a certain level of PEF intensity (1.0 kV/cm). These findings suggest that PEF treatment could tenderize beef texture while retaining its fresh quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ho Jeong
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Jung
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, Ottogi Ltd., Anyang 14060, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Yeo
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Un Lee
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-3034
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10
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Understanding the effect of meat electrical conductivity on Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) process parameters and the ability of PEF to enhance the quality and shorten sous vide processing for beef short ribs. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112251. [PMID: 36596162 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate how the electrical conductivity of short ribs affected Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) process parameters and the ability of PEF to enhance their quality and reduce sous vide (SV) processing time. Short ribs with different range of electrical conductivity (3-6, 6-9, and 9-12 mS/cm) values were treated using input voltage of 10 kV, pulse width of 20 µs, pulse frequency of 50 Hz and pulse number, of either 1600 (low intensity PEF/LPEF) or 5200 (high intensity PEF/HPEF), followed by SV processing at 60 °C for either 24 or 36 h. The quality parameters assessed were cooking loss (%), Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) parameters, and Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* colour parameters. There was a variation in electrical conductivity of short ribs according to the position of the bone in the short rib, which demonstrated good congruence with the distribution of fat and connective tissue. SV processing with or without PEF pre-treatment did not have a significant effect (p > 0.05) on cooking loss or CIE L*a*b* colour parameters. Short ribs with a medium conductivity (6-9 mS/cm) had a significantly lower hardness after high intensity PEF followed by SV for 24 h, whilst short ribs with an average conductivity of 3-6 and 9-12 mS/cm required longer SV time (up to 36 h) and had a significantly lower hardness compared to non PEF pre-treated samples. TPA values of short ribs treated with the same PEF intensity and SV processing parameters were comparable regardless of the short ribs initial electrical conductivity, which indicates that PEF treatment could ameliorate the biological electrochemical variability inherent to short ribs and PEF could be the potential tool to decrease their SV processing time and enhance their tenderness.
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Hassoun A, Anusha Siddiqui S, Smaoui S, Ucak İ, Arshad RN, Bhat ZF, Bhat HF, Carpena M, Prieto MA, Aït-Kaddour A, Pereira JA, Zacometti C, Tata A, Ibrahim SA, Ozogul F, Camara JS. Emerging Technological Advances in Improving the Safety of Muscle Foods: Framing in the Context of the Food Revolution 4.0. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2149776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - İ̇lknur Ucak
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Rai Naveed Arshad
- Institute of High Voltage & High Current, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zuhaib F. Bhat
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, SKUASTof Jammu, Jammu, Kashmir, India
| | - Hina F. Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, SKUASTof Kashmir, Kashmir, India
| | - María Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Bragança, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge A.M. Pereira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Carmela Zacometti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tata
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - José S. Camara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
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12
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Zhang C, Chen Q, Sun Q, Liu H, Xia X, Kong B. Ultrasound-assisted freezing retards the deterioration of functional properties of myofibrillar protein in chicken breast during long-term frozen storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Influence of the pressure shift freezing and thawing on the microstructure of largemouth bass. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Karki R, Oey I, Bremer P, Leong SY, Silcock P. Effect of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) Pre-Treatment on the Quality of Sous Vide (SV) Processed Beef Short Ribs and Optimisation of PEF and SV Process Parameters Using Multiple Polynomial Regression Model. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTo maximise tenderness, minimise cooking loss, and decrease the adverse effects on the colour of beef short ribs, third-order multiple regression models were used to optimise the processing parameters during the pulsed electric fields (PEF) followed by sous vide (SV) processing. Electric field strength (EFS) and specific energy (SE) of PEF ranged from 0 to 0.85 kV/cm and 0 to 110.96 kJ/kg, respectively, and SV processing for 12, 24, or 36 h at 60 °C was applied. The optimum PEF-SV processing conditions for short ribs were found at EFS of 0.85 kV/cm and SE of 110.96 kJ/kg with SV processing at 60 °C for 23.96 h. In the absence of PEF pre-treatment, the optimum SV time at 60 °C was 36 h. PEF pre-treatments (SE, 99–110.96 kJ/kg) followed by SV (24 h) at 60 °C resulted in a significantly lower cooking loss (%) and texture profile analysis hardness compared to PEF at all treatment intensities, followed by SV at 60 °C for 36 h. Furthermore, significant differences were not observed in the redness, hue angle, and chroma at different PEF-SV processing parameters. Therefore, for industrial applications, PEF-SV processing with EFS (0.85 kV/cm), pulse width (20 µS), pulse frequency (50 Hz) and SE (110.96 kJ/kg), and SV temperature–time combination of 60 °C and 23.96 h is highly recommended.
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15
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Bolumar T, Rohlik BA, Stark J, Sikes A, Watkins P, Buckow R. Investigation of Pulsed Electric Field Conditions at Low Field Strength for the Tenderisation of Beef Topside. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182803. [PMID: 36140931 PMCID: PMC9497954 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenderness is the most critical eating quality trait of meat, and consequently, processing interventions for meat tenderisation have significant economic relevance. The objective of this study was to investigate pulsed electric field (PEF) conditions for the tenderisation of beef topside. The PEF settings included combinations of three field strengths (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 kV/cm), two frequencies (20 and 100 Hz) and three treatment times (10, 30 and 50 ms). The effect of PEF on meat quality parameters (pH, drip loss, shear force, cook loss and colour) immediately after treatment and after storage (1 and 14 days at 4 °C) was evaluated. PEF did not affect meat tenderness after 1 day of chilled storage but resulted in a 5–10% reduction in the shear force in some cases (0.25–0.5 kV/cm) compared to the untreated control after 14 days of storage. Other quality traits (cook loss and colour) were not impaired. Thus, we concluded that PEF technology is a possible intervention to improve meat tenderness of beef topside after 2 weeks of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bolumar
- CSIRO, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, QL 4108, Australia
- Department of Safety and Quality of Meat, Max Rubner Institute, E. C. Baumann Strasse 20, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9221-803-279
| | - Bo-Anne Rohlik
- CSIRO, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Janet Stark
- CSIRO, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, QL 4108, Australia
| | - Anita Sikes
- CSIRO, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, QL 4108, Australia
| | - Peter Watkins
- CSIRO, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Roman Buckow
- CSIRO, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
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16
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Pulsed electric field as a promising technology for solid foods processing: A review. Food Chem 2022; 403:134367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Li T, Kuang S, Xiao T, Hu L, Nie P, Ramaswamy HS, Yu Y. The Effect of Pressure-Shift Freezing versus Air Freezing and Liquid Immersion on the Quality of Frozen Fish during Storage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131842. [PMID: 35804658 PMCID: PMC9265678 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a self-cooling laboratory system was used for pressure−shift freezing (PSF), and the effects of pressure−shift freezing (PSF) at 150 MPa on the quality of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) during frozen storage at −30 °C were evaluated and compared with those of conventional air freezing (CAF) and liquid immersion freezing (LIF). The evaluated thawing loss and cooking loss of PSF were significantly lower than those of CAF and LIF during the whole frozen storage period. The thawing loss, L* value, b* value and TBARS of the frozen fish increased during the storage. After 28 days storage, the TBARS values of LIF and CAF were 0.54 and 0.65, respectively, significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the 0.25 observed for PSF. The pH of the samples showed a decreasing trend at first but then increased during the storage, and the CAF had the fastest increasing trend. Based on Raman spectra, the secondary structure of the protein in the PSF-treated samples was considered more stable. The α-helix content of the protein in the unfrozen sample was 59.3 ± 7.22, which decreased after 28 days of frozen storage for PSF, LIF and CAF to 48.5 ± 3.43, 39.1 ± 2.35 and 33.4 ± 4.21, respectively. The results showed that the quality of largemouth bass treated with PSF was better than LIT and CAF during the frozen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.L.); (S.K.); (T.X.); (L.H.); (P.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiyao Kuang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.L.); (S.K.); (T.X.); (L.H.); (P.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.L.); (S.K.); (T.X.); (L.H.); (P.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lihui Hu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.L.); (S.K.); (T.X.); (L.H.); (P.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pengcheng Nie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.L.); (S.K.); (T.X.); (L.H.); (P.N.)
| | - Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy
- Department of Food Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, St-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
| | - Yong Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.L.); (S.K.); (T.X.); (L.H.); (P.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Effects of pulsed electric field pretreatment on mass transfer and quality of beef during marination process. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Li J, Ma X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Du M, Xiang Q, Wang Y, Du J, Li K, Bai Y. Insight into the mechanism of the quality improvement of porcine after ultrasound‐assisted immersion freezing. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junguang Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control Zhengzhou PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Xuyang Ma
- College of Food and Bioengineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control Zhengzhou PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control Zhengzhou PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control Zhengzhou PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Manting Du
- College of Food and Bioengineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control Zhengzhou PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Qisen Xiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control Zhengzhou PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control Zhengzhou PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Food and Bioengineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control Zhengzhou PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control Zhengzhou PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Yanhong Bai
- College of Food and Bioengineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control Zhengzhou PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou PR China
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20
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Aşık-Canbaz E, Çömlekçi S, Can Seydim A. Effect of Moderate Intensity Pulsed Electric Field on Shelf-life of Chicken Breast Meat. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:641-649. [PMID: 35294274 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2051431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Moderate intensity pulsed electric field (MIPEF) is a fairly new research topic for microbial inactivation on muscle foods. In this study, indirect application of MIPEF (2.5 kV/cm, 4.67 kV/cm, 7 kV/cm) was evaluated in terms of the growth of some pathogenic bacteria and the quality characteristics of chicken breast meat during cold storage (4°C). Broth cultures of E. coli and C. jejuni showed a remarkable resistance to MIPEF under 4.67 kV/cm and 7 kV/cm, respectively. The limit for total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) count was exceeded in 4.67 and 7 kV/cm applied groups 2 days later than control (C). In the end, almost 2 log differences were determined for total coliform bacteria in 4.67 and 7 kV/cm applied groups as compared to C (p<0.05). Inoculated P. aeruginosa count remained the same whereas L. monocytogenes growth was promoted by 4.67 kV/cm (p<0.05). pH value, CIE L*, b*, C* color values of chicken breast fillets were not affected by MIPEF application while ΔE values showed the maximum change in the C group. This study demonstrated that improved shelf-life of chicken breast fillets was provided by moderate intensity DC-pulses in combination with cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Aşık-Canbaz
- Department of Food Technology, Sarkikaraagac Vocational School, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32200 Isparta-TURKEY
| | - Selçuk Çömlekçi
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, 32200 Isparta-TURKEY
| | - Atıf Can Seydim
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, 32200 Isparta-TURKEY
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21
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Hu R, Zhang M, Liu W, Mujumdar AS, Bai B. Novel synergistic freezing methods and technologies for enhanced food product quality: A critical review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1979-2001. [PMID: 35179815 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Freezing has a long history as an effective food preservation method, but traditional freezing technologies have quality limitations, such as the potential for water loss and/or shrinkage and/or nutrient loss, etc. in the frozen products. Due to enhanced quality preservation and simpler thawing operation, synergistic technologies for freezing are emerging as the optimal methods for frozen food processing. This article comprehensively reviewed the recently developed synergistic technologies for freezing and pretreatment, for example, ultrasonication, cell alive system freezing, glass transition temperature regulation, high pressure freezing, pulsed electric field pretreatment, osmotic pretreatment, and antifreeze protein pretreatment, etc. The mechanisms and applications of these techniques are outlined briefly here. Though the application of new treatments in freezing is relatively mature, reducing the energy consumption in the application of these new technologies is a key issue for future research. It is also necessary to consider scale-up issues involved in large-scale applications as much of the research effort so far is limited to laboratory or pilot scale. For future development, intelligent freezing should be given more attention. Freezing should automatically identify and respond to different freezing conditions according to the nature of different materials to achieve more efficient freezing. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This paper provides a reference for subsequent production and research, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different novel synergistic technologies, which points out the direction for subsequent industry development and research. At the same time, it provides new ideas for the freezing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Arun S Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne decBellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Baosong Bai
- Yechun Food Production and Distribution Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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22
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DUVOISIN CA, HORST DJ, VIEIRA RDA, BARETTA D, PSCHEIDT A, SECCHI MA, ANDRADE JÚNIOR PPD, LANNES SCDS. Finite element simulation and practical tests on Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for packaged food pasteurization: inactivating E. coli, C. difficile, Salmonella spp. and mesophilic bacteria. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.115421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Effect of ultrasonic-assisted immersion freezing and quick-freezing on quality of sea bass during frozen storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Barbhuiya RI, Singha P, Singh SK. A comprehensive review on impact of non-thermal processing on the structural changes of food components. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110647. [PMID: 34600649 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal food processing is a viable alternative to traditional thermal processing to meet customer needs for high-quality, convenient and minimally processed foods. They are designed to eliminate elevated temperatures during processing and avoid the adverse effects of heat on food products. Numerous thermal and novel non-thermal technologies influence food structure at the micro and macroscopic levels. They affect several properties such as rheology, flavour, process stability, texture, and appearance at microscopic and macroscopic levels. This review presents existing knowledge and advances on the impact of non-thermal technologies, for instance, cold plasma treatment, irradiation, high-pressure processing, ultrasonication, pulsed light technology, high voltage electric field and pulsed electric field treatment on the structural changes of food components. An extensive review of the literature indicates that different non-thermal processing technologies can affect the food components, which significantly affects the structure of food. Applications of novel non-thermal technologies have shown considerable impact on food structure by altering protein structures via free radicals or larger or smaller molecules. Lipid oxidation is another process responsible for undesirable effects in food when treated with non-thermal techniques. Non-thermal technologies may also affect starch properties, reduce molecular weight, and change the starch granule's surface. Such modification of food structure could create novel food textures, enhance sensory properties, improve digestibility, improve water-binding ability and improve mediation of gelation processes. However, it is challenging to determine these technologies' influence on food components due to differences in their primary operation and equipment design mechanisms and different operating conditions. Hence, to get the most value from non-thermal technologies, more in-depth research about their effect on various food components is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Islam Barbhuiya
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Poonam Singha
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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25
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Wu Z, Ma W, Xian Z, Liu Q, Hui A, Zhang W. The impact of quick-freezing methods on the quality, moisture distribution and microstructure of prepared ground pork during storage duration. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105707. [PMID: 34388653 PMCID: PMC8363880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to investigate the influences of ultrasound-assisted immersion freezing (UIF), immersion freezing (IF) and air freezing (AF) on the quality, moisture distribution and microstructure properties of the prepared ground pork (PGP) during storage duration (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days). UIF treatment significantly reduced the freezing time by 60.32% and 39.02%, respectively, compared to IF and AF (P < 0.05). The experimental results of quality evaluation revealed that the L* and b* values, juice loss, cooking loss, TBARS values and carbonyl contents were decreased in the UIF treated samples, while the a* value, peak temperatures (Tm), enthalpy (ΔH) and sulfhydryl contents were significantly higher than those of IF and AF treated samples (P < 0.05). In addition, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis demonstrated that UIF inhibited the mobility of immobilized water and reduced the loss of immobilized and free water, and then a high water holding capacity (WHC) was achieved. Compared to the IF and AF treatments, the UIF treated PGP samples possessed better microstructure. Therefore, UIF could induce the formation of ice crystals with smaller size and more even distribution during freezing process, which contributed to less damage to the muscle tissue and more satisfied product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Wanru Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhaojun Xian
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ailing Hui
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China.
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26
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Kaur L, Hui SX, Morton JD, Kaur R, Chian FM, Boland M. Endogenous Proteolytic Systems and Meat Tenderness: Influence of Post-Mortem Storage and Processing. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:589-607. [PMID: 34291209 PMCID: PMC8277181 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat proteolytic systems play a crucial role in meat tenderisation. Understanding
the effects of processing technologies and post-mortem storage conditions on
these systems is important due to their crucial role in determining the quality
characteristics of meat and meat products. It has recently been proposed that
tenderisation occurs due to the synergistic action of numerous endogenous
proteolytic systems. There is strong evidence suggesting the importance of
μ-calpain during the initial post-mortem aging phase, while m-calpain may
have a role during long-term aging. The caspase proteolytic system is also a
candidate for cell degradation in the initial stages of conversion of muscle to
meat. The role of cathepsins, which are found in the lysosomes, in post-mortem
aging is controversial. Lysosomes need to be ruptured, through aging, or other
forms of processing to release cathepsins into the cytosol for participation in
proteolysis. A combination of optimum storage conditions along with suitable
processing may accelerate protease activity within meat, which can potentially
lead to improved meat tenderness. Processing technologies such as high pressure,
ultrasound, and shockwave processing have been reported to disrupt muscle
structure, which can facilitate proteolysis and potentially enhance the aging
process. This paper reviews the recent literature on the impacts of processing
technologies along with post-mortem storage conditions on the activities of
endogenous proteases in meat. The information provided in the review may be
helpful in selecting optimum post-mortem meat storage and processing conditions
to achieve improved muscle tenderness within shorter aging and cooking
times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Kaur
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Seah Xin Hui
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - James D Morton
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Feng Ming Chian
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mike Boland
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand
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27
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Kantono K, Hamid N, Chadha D, Ma Q, Oey I, Farouk MM. Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Processing of Chilled and Frozen-Thawed Lamb Meat Cuts: Relationships between Sensory Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Meat. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051148. [PMID: 34065428 PMCID: PMC8161130 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of PEF processing and chilled storage on the volatile composition and sensory properties of chilled and frozen lamb cuts was investigated in this study. Results showed that PEF-treated chilled and frozen lamb cuts varied in temporal flavour attributes with storage. Storage for 7 days resulted in oxidized flavour, while PEF treatments for all chilled and frozen cuts were associated with browned and livery flavour attributes. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to determine the predictive relationships between the volatile composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, and sensory responses for PEF treated lamb cuts. The results showed that some volatile compounds (2-nonanone, 2-pentylfuran, pyrrole, methyl pyrazine, 2-ethyl-3-methyl pyrazine, and thiophene) correlated well with the meaty and juicy flavour of PEF treated frozen lamb cuts. In PEF treated chilled lamb cuts, meaty and juicy flavours were associated with the presence of fatty acids (C18:0, SFA, 20:5(n-3), and n-3). In contrast, livery and browned perception of both PEF processed chilled and frozen lamb cuts were associated with the presence of amino acids (threonine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and methionine), and some volatile compounds (heptanal, 2-ethylfuran, pyridine, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide, and 3,5-diethyl-2-methyl pyrazine). Overall, these results imply that careful consideration of type of meat cuts, PEF pre-treatment, and storage are important when subjecting lamb meat to PEF processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kantono
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (D.C.); (Q.M.)
| | - Nazimah Hamid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (D.C.); (Q.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-921999 (ext. 6453); Fax: +64-9-9219627
| | - Diksha Chadha
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (D.C.); (Q.M.)
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (D.C.); (Q.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand
| | - Mustafa M. Farouk
- AgResearch MIRINZ, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;
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Zhou F, Wang X. Assessing the gelling properties of the silver carp surimi gel prepared with large yellow croaker processing by‐product in freeze‐thaw cycles. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhou
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Zaozhuang University Zaozhuang China
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
| | - Xichang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic‐Product Processing and Preservation Shanghai China
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Chian FM, Kaur L, Oey I, Astruc T, Hodgkinson S, Boland M. Effects of Pulsed Electric Field Processing and Sous Vide Cooking on Muscle Structure and In Vitro Protein Digestibility of Beef Brisket. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030512. [PMID: 33804354 PMCID: PMC8001486 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields (PEF) in conjunction with sous vide (SV) cooking has been explored for meat tenderisation. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of PEF–SV treatment on the muscle structure and in vitro protein digestibility of beef brisket. Pulsed electric field treatment (specific energy of 99 ± 5 kJ/kg) was applied to bovine Deep and Superficial pectoral muscles in combination with sous vide (SV) cooking (60 °C for 24 h). A similar micro- and ultrastructure was detected between the control SV-cooked and PEF-treated SV-cooked pectoral muscles. The combined PEF–SV treatment increased the in vitro protein digestibility of the pectoral muscles by approximately 29%, in terms of ninhydrin-reactive free amino nitrogen released at the end of simulated digestion. An increment in proteolysis of the PEF-treated SV-cooked meat proteins (e.g., myosin heavy chains and C-protein) during simulated digestion was also observed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. More damaged muscle micro- and ultrastructure was detected in PEF-treated SV-cooked muscles at the end of in vitro digestion, showing its enhanced digestive proteolysis compared to the control cooked meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ming Chian
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (F.M.C.); (I.O.); (S.H.); (M.B.)
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lovedeep Kaur
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (F.M.C.); (I.O.); (S.H.); (M.B.)
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (F.M.C.); (I.O.); (S.H.); (M.B.)
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Suzanne Hodgkinson
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (F.M.C.); (I.O.); (S.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Mike Boland
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (F.M.C.); (I.O.); (S.H.); (M.B.)
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Dual-frequency sequential ultrasound thawing for improving the quality of quick-frozen small yellow croaker and its possible mechanisms. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Nowosad K, Sujka M, Pankiewicz U, Kowalski R. The application of PEF technology in food processing and human nutrition. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:397-411. [PMID: 33564198 PMCID: PMC7847884 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, many novel techniques of food processing have been developed in response to growing demand for safe and high quality food products. Nowadays, consumers have high expectations regarding the sensory quality, functionality and nutritional value of products. They also attach great importance to the use of environmentally-friendly technologies of food production. The aim of this review is to summarize the applications of PEF in food technology and, potentially, in production of functional food. The examples of process parameters and obtained effects for each application have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowosad
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Sujka
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Pankiewicz
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radosław Kowalski
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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The combined effect of pulsed electric field treatment and brine salting on changes in the oxidative stability of lipids and proteins and color characteristics of sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). Heliyon 2021; 7:e05947. [PMID: 33490691 PMCID: PMC7810782 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A combined effect of pulsed electric field application and salting in a brine with 5 and 10% w/w NaCl on oxidative stability of lipids and proteins, as well as color characteristics of sea bass samples, was assessed in the study. The applied intensity of the current was set at 10 and 20 A corresponding to 300 and 600 V cm−1, respectively. Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment led to a significant (p < 0.05) increase in primary and secondary lipid oxidation products expressed as peroxide value, conjugated dienes and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in PEF-treated samples compared to untreated ones. Conjugated dienes, as unstable primary oxidation products, correlated with b∗-value (p < 0.05, R = 0.789), suggesting their contribution to the yellowness of the fish flesh due to fast decomposition and conversion into secondary oxidation products yielding yellow pigmentation. However, none of the fish samples treated at the higher current intensity of 20 A exceeded the acceptable level of 5 meq active oxygen/kg lipid according to the requirements of the Standard for fish oils CODEX STAN 329–2017, suggesting acceptable oxidative status quality of sea bass samples after the treatment. PEF-treated fish samples also showed a significant increase in Schiff bases and total carbonyls on day 5 and day 8 of brine salting compared to non-treated samples, revealing a strong effect of electroporation on protein oxidation.
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Kantono K, Hamid N, Ma Q, Oey I, Farouk M. Changes in the physicochemical properties of chilled and frozen-thawed lamb cuts subjected to pulsed electric field processing. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110092. [PMID: 33641968 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There has been recent interest in the use of pulse electric field (PEF) processing of muscle foods to improve food quality. In this study, the effects of PEF processing and storage (0 and 7 days) on the physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of different frozen thawed and chilled lamb meat cuts were investigated. Seven lamb cuts (knuckle, rump, topside, shoulder shank, loin and rib) were treated at electric field strengths of 1-1.4 kV.cm-1, specific energy of 88-109 kJ.kg-1, frequency of 90 Hz, pulse width of 20 µs, and pulse number of 964. PEF had less effects on cooking loss when applied to frozen-thawed meat compared to chilled meat samples. PEF treatment of all chilled cuts at 0 and 7 days storage significantly decreased fatty acids. PEF treated chilled topside, knuckle, rump anf loin cuts stored for 7 days resulted in significantly increased amino acids content. PEF treatment of almost all frozen lamb cuts (except rib cut) that were stored for 7 days significantly increased TBARS value, decreased fatty acids, and increased amino acids content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kantono
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nazimah Hamid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO BOX 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mustafa Farouk
- AgResearch MIRINZ, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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34
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Zhang Z, Zhang B, Yang R, Zhao W. Recent Developments in the Preservation of Raw Fresh Food by Pulsed Electric Field. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1860083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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35
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Rodrigues RM, Avelar Z, Machado L, Pereira RN, Vicente AA. Electric field effects on proteins - Novel perspectives on food and potential health implications. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109709. [PMID: 33233283 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electric fields (EF) technologies have been establishing a solid position in emergent food processing and have seen as serious alternatives to traditional thermal processing. During the last decades, research has been devoted to elucidation of technological and safety issues but also fundamental aspects related with interaction of electric fields (EF) with important macromolecules, such as proteins. Proteins are building blocks for the development of functional networks that can encompass health benefits (i.e. nutritional and bioactive properties) but may be also linked with adverse effects such as neurodegenerative diseases (amyloid fibrils) and immunological responses. The biological function of a protein depends on its tridimensional structure/conformation, and latest research evidences that EF can promote disturbances on protein conformation, change their unfolding mechanisms, aggregation and interaction patterns. This review aims at bringing together these recent findings as well as providing novel perspectives about how EF can shape the behavior of proteins towards the development of innovative foods, aiming at consumers' health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Zita Avelar
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís Machado
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo N Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - António A Vicente
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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36
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Kantono K, Hamid N, Oey I, Wu YC, Ma Q, Farouk M, Chadha D. Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on the Chemical Characteristics of Different Lamb Cuts. Foods 2020; 9:E1444. [PMID: 33053733 PMCID: PMC7601600 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-thermal high-pressure processing (HPP) technique has been used to increase the shelf life of food without compromising their nutritional and sensory qualities. This study aims to explore the potential application of HPP on New Zealand lamb meat. In this study, the effect of HPP, at different pressure treatments (200-600 MPa) on eight different lamb meat cuts in terms of lipid oxidation, fatty acid and free amino acid content were investigated. In general treatments between 400 and 600 MPa resulted in higher oxidation values in eye of loin, flat, heel, and tenderloin cuts. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid content were significantly lower with HPP treatment of almost all cuts (except rump and heel cuts) at all pressures. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was significantly lower in HPP-treated inside, knuckle, and tenderloin cuts at 600 MPa compared to control. Nine essential free amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, tyrosine and tryptophan), and eight non-essential free amino acids (alanine, glycine, threonine, serine, proline, aspartic acid, glutamic acids and ornithine) were identified in the lamb cuts. HPP increased the total free amino acid composition significantly compared to control at all pressures for almost all cuts except the inside and eye of loin cuts. This study suggests that higher pressure treatments (i.e., 400 and 600 MPa) resulted in higher TBARS oxidation levels. Additionally, significant decreases in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and increase free amino acid content were observed in the majority of HPP-treated samples compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kantono
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (Y.C.W.); (Q.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Nazimah Hamid
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (Y.C.W.); (Q.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Chao Wu
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (Y.C.W.); (Q.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (Y.C.W.); (Q.M.); (D.C.)
- AgResearch MIRINZ, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;
| | - Mustafa Farouk
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;
| | - Diksha Chadha
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (Y.C.W.); (Q.M.); (D.C.)
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37
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Monitoring Thermal and Non-Thermal Treatments during Processing of Muscle Foods: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Technological Advances. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Muscle food products play a vital role in human nutrition due to their sensory quality and high nutritional value. One well-known challenge of such products is the high perishability and limited shelf life unless suitable preservation or processing techniques are applied. Thermal processing is one of the well-established treatments that has been most commonly used in order to prepare food and ensure its safety. However, the application of inappropriate or severe thermal treatments may lead to undesirable changes in the sensory and nutritional quality of heat-processed products, and especially so for foods that are sensitive to thermal treatments, such as fish and meat and their products. In recent years, novel thermal treatments (e.g., ohmic heating, microwave) and non-thermal processing (e.g., high pressure, cold plasma) have emerged and proved to cause less damage to the quality of treated products than do conventional techniques. Several traditional assessment approaches have been extensively applied in order to evaluate and monitor changes in quality resulting from the use of thermal and non-thermal processing methods. Recent advances, nonetheless, have shown tremendous potential of various emerging analytical methods. Among these, spectroscopic techniques have received considerable attention due to many favorable features compared to conventional analysis methods. This review paper will provide an updated overview of both processing (thermal and non-thermal) and analytical techniques (traditional methods and spectroscopic ones). The opportunities and limitations will be discussed and possible directions for future research studies and applications will be suggested.
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38
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Vinnikova L, Mudryk V, Agunova L. MODERN PRODUCTION TRENDS OF FERMENTED MEAT PRODUCTS. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v13i4.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The work aims to the generalization and analysis of the main problems of production of fermented meat products, which are reflected in scientific publications of the meat processing industry experts. The modern researches of scientists all over the world are aimed to the achievement of bio- and microbiological safety, structure formation, use of new kinds of raw materials, features of color formation, formation of sensory properties, increase of biological value of smoked and uncooked products. The work emphasizes that the quality of finished products and the stability of the technological process depends on the quality of raw materials, the properties of their own microbiota of raw materials and/or introduced starter cultures of microorganisms. The possibility of improving the sanitary condition of raw materials and reducing the impact of pathogenic microorganisms due to the use of ultrasound, hydrostatic high pressure, high-intensity pulsating electric field, cold plasma are described in the work. Also, in addition to physical processing methods, the use of competing microflora, extracts of spicy-aromatic plants, combining salt mixtures, packaging are effective. It is stated that the formation of the structure of the finished product depends on the parameters of the technological process, the activity of exo-endoenzymes and prescription composition. It is shown that the color of fermented meat products and their stability depend on the content of natural pigments and the conditions of their interaction with nitrites under the action of microorganisms with nitrite reductase activity and pH of the environment. The possibility of obtaining a characteristic pink-red color of meat products without the use of nitrites was noted. The results of investigations of the possibility of varying the organoleptic parameters of the finished product by modeling the ingredient composition and fermentation conditions are presented. The possibilities of creation of new types of fermented meat products of functional purpose by the introduction of ω-3 fatty acids, probiotics, macro-, microelements and more are described.
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da Silva Bernardo AP, da Silva ACM, Francisco VC, Ribeiro FA, Nassu RT, Calkins CR, da Silva do Nascimento M, Pflanzer SB. Effects of freezing and thawing on microbiological and physical-chemical properties of dry-aged beef. Meat Sci 2019; 161:108003. [PMID: 31734467 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.108003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of freezing, prior to and after dry aging, on the microbiological and physical-chemical quality of beef. Strip loins (n = 24) from 12 carcasses were assigned to four treatments: non-frozen dry aging (Dry); dry aging, steak fabrication, freezing and slow thawing (Dry + ST); freezing, fast thawing (FT; 20 °C/15 h) and dry aging (FT + Dry); freezing, slow thawing (ST; 4 °C/48 h) and dry aging (ST + Dry). Freezing conditions were - 20 °C/28 days and dry aging conditions were 2 °C/70% relative humidity, for 28 days. Freezing prior to dry aging did not affect the microbial counts compared to Dry. However, FT + Dry and ST + Dry increased (16%) total process loss (P < .05) compared to Dry and Dry+ST. Moreover, freezing changed volatile compounds profile. Thus, freezing prior to dry aging was not a feasible process due to increased process loss, while freezing after dry aging was considered a viable alternative to preserve the steaks without compromising beef physical-chemical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula da Silva Bernardo
- Department of Food Technology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Cristina Francisco
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Expedicionários do Brazil, 1621, 14801-902 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, A213 Animal Science, 68583-0908 Lincoln (UNL), NE, United States
| | - Renata Tieko Nassu
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 234 - Fazenda Canchim, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chris R Calkins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, A213 Animal Science, 68583-0908 Lincoln (UNL), NE, United States
| | | | - Sérgio Bertelli Pflanzer
- Department of Food Technology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Luo Q, Hamid N, Oey I, Leong SY, Kantono K, Alfaro A, Lu J. Physicochemical changes in New Zealand abalone (Haliotis iris) with pulsed electric field (PEF) processing and heat treatments. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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A Laboratory IGBT-Based High-voltage Pulsed Electric Field Generator for Effective Water Diffusivity Enhancement in Chicken Meat. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-019-02360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Ultrasound-assisted immersion freezing accelerates the freezing process and improves the quality of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) at different power levels. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Application of pulsed electric fields in meat and fish processing industries: An overview. Food Res Int 2019; 123:95-105. [PMID: 31285034 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The market demand for new meat and fish products with enhanced physicochemical and nutritional properties attracted the interest of the food industry and academia to investigate innovative processing approaches such as pulsed electric fields (PEF). PEF is an emerging technology based on the application of electrical currents between two electrodes thus inducing electroporation phenomena and enabling a non-invasive modification of the tissues' structure. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the use of PEF processing in meat and fish to enhance the physicochemical and nutritional changes, as a preservation method, as well as for improving the extraction of high added-value compounds. PEF treatment had the ability to improve several processes such as preservation, tenderization, and aging. Besides, PEF treatment could be used as a useful strategy to increase water holding properties of fish products as well as for fish drying. Finally, PEF could be also used in both meat and fish foods for by-products valorization, due to its potential to enhance the extraction of high added-value compounds. However, more studies are warranted to completely define specific treatments that can be consistently applied in the industry. This review provides the directions for this purpose in the near future.
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Pérez-Santaescolástica C, Fraeye I, Barba FJ, Gómez B, Tomasevic I, Romero A, Moreno A, Toldrá F, Lorenzo JM. Application of non-invasive technologies in dry-cured ham: An overview. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Effect of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) on the ultrastructure and in vitro protein digestibility of bovine longissimus thoracis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Kantono K, Hamid N, Oey I, Wang S, Xu Y, Ma Q, Faridnia F, Farouk M. Physicochemical and sensory properties of beef muscles after Pulsed Electric Field processing. Food Res Int 2019; 121:1-11. [PMID: 31108729 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) processing on the sensory and physicochemical properties of beef biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles. The fresh and frozen-thawed muscles were treated at an electric field strength of 0.8-1.1 kV/cm, pulse width of 20 μs, frequency of 50 Hz and specific energy of 130 kJ/kg. PEF treated samples improved meat tenderness and colour. However increased fat oxidation and increased saturated fatty acids were evident in PEF processed frozen samples. Temporal dominance of sensations results showed that although oxidation was the most dominant in temporal perception, the samples were only found to be detrimental to the sensory quality of PEF processed beef muscles stored for 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kantono
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nazimah Hamid
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Farnaz Faridnia
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mustafa Farouk
- AgResearch MIRINZ, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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Sun Q, Sun F, Xia X, Xu H, Kong B. The comparison of ultrasound-assisted immersion freezing, air freezing and immersion freezing on the muscle quality and physicochemical properties of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during freezing storage. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 51:281-291. [PMID: 30337027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of ultrasound-assisted immersion freezing (UIF), air freezing (AF), and immersion freezing (IF) on the ice crystal size, protein thermal stability, and physicochemical properties of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) muscle during frozen storage. UIF samples had smaller ice crystals throughout the storage period than AF and IF samples did, which led to less damage to the muscle tissue. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that UIF reduced the mobility and loss of immobilized and free water. The thawing and cooking losses in the UIF samples were significantly lower than those in the IF and AF samples (P < 0.05). The AF samples had a higher shear force (P < 0.05) than UIF and IF samples did at the beginning of storage, and then the shear force reduced rapidly. During the 90-180 days, the shear force of the UIF samples was higher than that of the AF and IF samples (P < 0.05). Decreases in the Tmax and enthalpies were observed for all of the treatments during storage, and the UIF samples had a higher protein thermal stability than AF and IF samples did. The UIF samples showed lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and total volatile basic nitrogen values during storage than the AF and IF samples did (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis showed that there were significant correlations between the freezing methods and the ice crystal size, protein thermal stability and physicochemical characteristics of frozen muscles. Overall, UIF was an effective way to inhibit the deterioration of frozen fish during frozen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxiu Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Fangda Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Xiufang Xia
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Honghua Xu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Baohua Kong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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Franco S, Jaques A, Pinto M, Fardella M, Valencia P, Núñez H, Ramírez C, Simpson R. Dehydration of salmon (Atlantic salmon), beef, and apple (Granny Smith) using Refractance window™: Effect on diffusion behavior, texture, and color changes. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Alahakoon AU, Oey I, Bremer P, Silcock P. Process optimisation of pulsed electric fields pre‐treatment to reduce the sous vide processing time of beef briskets. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amali U. Alahakoon
- Department of Food Science University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- Riddet Institute Massey University, Private Bag 11‐222, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - Phil Bremer
- Department of Food Science University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Patrick Silcock
- Department of Food Science University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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Mansur AR, Lee HJ, Choi H, Lim T, Yoo M, Jang HW, Nam TG. Comparison of two commercial solid‐phase microextraction fibers for the headspace analysis of volatile compounds in different pork and beef cuts. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rois Mansur
- Korea Food Research Institute Wanju Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute Wanju Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tae‐Gyu Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute Wanju Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Yoo
- Korea Food Research Institute Wanju Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Jang
- Korea Food Research Institute Wanju Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Nam
- Korea Food Research Institute Wanju Republic of Korea
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