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Gao J, Zhao Q, Cheng Y. Age- and sex-related differences in risk factors for perioperative intra-aortic balloon pump application in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Front Surg 2024; 11:1395518. [PMID: 39290851 PMCID: PMC11405377 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1395518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background An intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a mechanical circulatory device frequently used in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). As a treatment for perioperative haemodynamic instability, IABP insertion often implicates an adverse outcome. This study aimed to investigate the age- and sex-related disparity in risk factors for perioperative IABP insertion in CABG patients. Methods A total of 2,460 CABG patients were included and divided into subgroups by age (elderly subgroup, ≥65 years; young subgroup, <65 years) and sex. Basic characteristics were compared between IABP and non-IABP patients in the overall patient group and the subgroups. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to investigate the significant risk factors for perioperative IABP application, and interaction effects among the potential risk factors were analysed. Combined receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the prediction value of combined risk factors. Results The overall patient group had a mean age of 61.5 years. The application rate of perioperative IABP was 8.0%. A left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% significantly correlated with perioperative IABP application in the overall patient group and the subgroups. Traditional factors such as myocardial infarction history, atrial fibrillation history, and intraoperative estimated blood loss were significant risk factors in certain subgroups. Small dense low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly associated with IABP insertion in the male subgroup and young subgroup. The area under the curve of combined risk factors was significantly higher than that of LVEF <50% alone in the overall patient group and subgroups. Conclusion Age- and sex-related differences were present in the risk factor distribution for perioperative IABP insertion in CABG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Heo RH, Wang MK, Meyre PB, Birchenough L, Park L, Vuong K, Devereaux PJ, Blum S, Lindahl B, Stone G, Conen D. Associations of Inflammatory Biomarkers With the Risk of Morbidity and Mortality After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1686-1694. [PMID: 37495205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although inflammatory biomarkers have been associated with cardiovascular events in nonsurgical settings, these associations have not been systematically addressed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This review aimed to evaluate the relationships of inflammatory markers with mortality and adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS Medline, Embase, and Central databases were systematically searched for studies reporting pre- or postoperative levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Outcomes of interest were postoperative mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Studies reporting multivariable adjusted risk estimates were included. Risk estimates were pooled with the use of random-effects models and reported as summary odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Among 14,465 citations identified, 29 studies including 29,401 participants met the eligibility criteria. The average follow-up time after surgery was 31 months. Preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.60-2.20; I2 = 19%; 11 studies) and MACE (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.34-2.24; I2 = 0%; 3 studies). CRP levels measured on postoperative day 6 (OR 7.4, 95% CI 2.90-18.88, 1 study) and day 10 (OR 11.8, 95% CI 3.50-39.78, 1 study) were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Less, but overall similar, information was available for other inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS In this large meta-analysis, inflammatory biomarkers measured before or after cardiac surgery were associated with mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Haeeun Heo
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ke Wang
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal B Meyre
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lauren Birchenough
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis Park
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiven Vuong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steffen Blum
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gregg Stone
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Mandel IA, Podoksenov YK, Mikheev SL, Suhodolo IV, Svirko YS, Shipulin VM, Ivanova AV, Yavorovskiy AG, Yaroshetskiy AI. Endothelial Function and Hypoxic–Hyperoxic Preconditioning in Coronary Surgery with a Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Randomized Clinical Trial. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041044. [PMID: 37189663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A hypoxic–hyperoxic preconditioning (HHP) may be associated with cardioprotection by reducing endothelial damage and a beneficial effect on postoperative outcome in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Patients (n = 120) were randomly assigned to an HHP and a control group. A safe, inhaled oxygen fraction for the hypoxic preconditioning phase (10–14% oxygen for 10 min) was determined by measuring the anaerobic threshold. At the hyperoxic phase, a 75–80% oxygen fraction was used for 30 min. The cumulative frequency of postoperative complications was 14 (23.3%) in the HHP vs. 23 (41.1%), p = 0.041. The nitrate decreased after surgery by up to 20% in the HHP group and up to 38% in the control group. Endothelin-1 and nitric oxide metabolites were stable in HHP but remained low for more than 24 h in the control group. The endothelial damage markers appeared to be predictors of postoperative complications. The HHP with individual parameters based on the anaerobic threshold is a safe procedure, and it can reduce the frequency of postoperative complications. The endothelial damage markers appeared to be predictors of postoperative complications.
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Diagnostic significance of highly sensitive troponins in cardiac surgery. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract111002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The level of troponins after cardiac surgery always exceeds the reference values, however, the interpretation of these changes is difficult. Aim: To determine the relationship between the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and troponin T levels and the risk of heart failure (HF) development within 24 hours after the heart surgery. Methods: A prospective, observational, single-center study included 70 patients undergoing elective heart surgery. The patients were retrospectively divided into two groups based on the development of HF in the first 12 hours after the surgery. The group without HF included 57 patients, the group with HF included 13 patients. Results: The levels of highly sensitive Troponin I (HsTI) in patients who underwent elective heart surgery without complications were 61 times higher than the upper limit of the normal values, in those with the development of HF they were 111 times higher than the upper limit of the normal values. The levels of highly sensitive Troponin T (HsTT) were 25.5 times and 51 times the upper limit of the normal values, respectively. The level of HsTI at the end of the surgery can be a predictor of the HF development, regardless of the use of cardiac bypass (threshold value =1483 ng/l), as well as a predictor of the need for inotropic support for 2 days or more, regardless of the operation type (threshold value = 1573 ng/l). There was a direct moderate correlation of the HsTI level at the end of the operation and 6 hours after the operation with cumulative hemohydrobalance for 24 hours, which was 60% higher in patients with HF than that in patients without complications. Conclusion: In uncomplicated patients, the level of highly sensitive troponins T and I in the postoperative period is 2561 times higher than the upper limit of the normal values, and with the HF development it is 51111 times higher. Highly sensitive troponins can be considered as predictors of the HF development and the duration of inotropic support. The increase in the level of troponins is influenced by the duration of cardiac bypass and the volume of infusion therapy in the perioperative period.
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Induced blood oxidation in myocardial revascularization. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract107847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of artificial circulation in surgical myocardial revascularization is one of the key pathogenetic factors in the development of the oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory response in the postoperative period. Aims: the purpose of the study was to describe the dynamics of the induced blood oxidation parameters during coronary artery bypass surgery in the conditions of artificial circulation and on the working heart. Methods: The study included 64 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery, with 31 (48.4%) on-pump patients and 33 (51.6%) off-pump patients. The oxidative stress simulations were conducted under the in vitro conditions. The blood oxidation-induced values were studied using a biological oxygen monitor. Results: In patients with coronary heart disease, regardless of the choice of the revascularization method (on-pump / off-pump), we observed statistically significantly (p 0.05) higher initial and maximum blood oxidation rates, the oxidative activity factor, and a shorter initiation period than those in healthy volunteers. No significant differences were found by the inter-group comparison analysis both 10 days and 6 months post-surgery. Conclusion: The indicators of induced blood oxidation do not depend on the method of revascularization during coronary bypass grafting (artificial circulation or a working heart). The changes in the parameters indicating activation of the oxidative and antioxidant blood systems may be transient by their nature and occur in the early postoperative period.
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Urbanowicz T, Michalak M, Olasińska-Wiśniewska A, Rodzki M, Witkowska A, Gąsecka A, Buczkowski P, Perek B, Jemielity M. Neutrophil Counts, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) Predict Mortality after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071124. [PMID: 35406687 PMCID: PMC8997598 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several perioperative inflammatory markers are postulated to be significant factors for long-term survival after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB). Hematological parameters, whether single or combined as indices, provide higher predictive values. Methods: The study group comprised 538 consecutive patients (125 (23%) females and 413 (77%) males) with a mean age of 65 ± 9 years, who underwent OPCAB with a mean follow-up time of 4.7 ± 1.7 years. This single-center retrospective analysis included perioperative inflammatory markers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), and systemic inflammatory index (SII). Results: Multivariable analysis identified levels of neutrophils above 4.3 × 109/L (HR 13.44, 95% CI 1.05−3.68, p = 0.037), values of SIRI above 5.4 (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09−0.92, p = 0.036) and values of NLR above 3.5 (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.48−3.32, p < 0.001) as being significant predictors of long-term mortality. The multifactorial models revealed the possibility of strong prediction by combining preoperative factors (COPD, stroke, PAD, and preoperative PLR) and postoperative neutrophil counts (p = 0.0136) or NLR (p = 0.0136) or SIRI (p = 0.0136). Conclusions: Among the postoperative inflammatory indices, the levels of neutrophils, NLR, and SIRI are the most prominent markers for long-term survival after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, when combined with preoperative characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Urbanowicz
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-854-9210
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Michał Rodzki
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Anna Witkowska
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Buczkowski
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Bartłomiej Perek
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Marek Jemielity
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
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7
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Mirhafez SR, Khadem SH, Sahebkar A, Movahedi A, Rahsepar AA, Mirzaie A, Jamialahmadi T, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Comparative effects of on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery on serum cytokine and chemokine levels. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1423-1431. [PMID: 34601812 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with two methods (on-pump or off-pump) can be used to rescue individuals with severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Each method might cause an inflammatory response, which can lead to some complications. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in serum concentrations of IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, MCP-1, and epidermal growth factor between the two CABG surgery methods. Forty-eight patients (22 = on-pump, 26 = off-pump) who underwent on-pump or off-pump CABG surgery were enrolled in this study. Serum cytokines levels were measured in two blood samples, the first sample was taken from each patient in the morning of the day of surgery after a 12-hr fasting and the second sample on the first postoperative day at 24-hr after surgery. In baseline, comparisons between the two groups of on-pump/off-pump surgery did not show any significant difference in demographic data, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile indices, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (p > .05). There was a significant difference between the serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IFN-γ, and MCP-1 in patients with on-pump surgery and a significant increase in serum IL-6 (p < .001), IL8 (p < .05), VEGF (p < .001), and IFN-γ (p < .01) levels in patients with off-pump surgery in post-operation stage compared to pre-operation. Cardiopulmonary pump in patients under CABG surgery can activate systemic inflammation and the changes of serum cytokines levels in off-pump CABG were lower compared with on-pump CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Mirhafez
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hamideh Khadem
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Department of Anesthesia and Operating Room Nursing, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Rahsepar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asadollah Mirzaie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Appel D, Böger R, Windolph J, Heinze G, Goetz AE, Hannemann J. Asymmetric dimethylarginine predicts perioperative cardiovascular complications in patients undergoing medium-to-high risk non-cardiac surgery. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520940450. [PMID: 32842812 PMCID: PMC7453459 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520940450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Perioperative cardiovascular events remain an important factor that affects surgery outcome. We assessed if asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, predicts perioperative risk, and if pre-operative supplementation with L-arginine/L-citrulline improves the plasma L-arginine/ADMA ratio. Methods In this prospective study, planned thoracic and/or abdominal surgery patients were randomized to receive L-arginine/L-citrulline (5 g/day) or placebo 1 to 5 days before surgery. We measured perioperative plasma ADMA and L-arginine levels. The primary outcome was a 30-day combined cardiovascular endpoint. Results Among 269 patients, 23 (8.6%) experienced a major adverse cardiovascular event. ADMA and C-reactive protein were significantly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular complications in the multivariable-adjusted analysis. The L-arginine plasma concentration was significantly higher on the day of surgery with L-arginine/L-citrulline supplementation compared with placebo. In patients with high pre-operative ADMA, there was a non-significant trend towards reduced incidence of the primary endpoint with L-arginine/L-citrulline supplementation (six vs. nine events). Conclusions ADMA is a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular complications in the perioperative period for patients who are undergoing major abdominal and/or thoracic surgery. Supplementation with L-arginine/L-citrulline increased the L-arginine plasma concentration, enhanced the L-arginine/ADMA ratio, and induced a trend towards fewer perioperative events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Appel
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Anesthesiology, Hamburg, DE, Germany
| | - Rainer Böger
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, DE, Germany
| | - Julia Windolph
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, DE, Germany
| | - Gina Heinze
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Anesthesiology, Hamburg, DE, Germany
| | - Alwin E Goetz
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Anesthesiology, Hamburg, DE, Germany
| | - Juliane Hannemann
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, DE, Germany
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Ramakrishnan A, Zheng C, Fontes ML, Lombard FW, Woolard AA, Shi Y, Shotwell MS, Billings FT, Pretorius M, Wanderer JP, Vyas R, Absi TS, Shah AS, Kertai MD. Mean platelet volume and cardiac-surgery–associated acute kidney injury: a retrospective study. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67:1775-1788. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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10
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Mandel IA, Podoksenov YK, Suhodolo IV, An DA, Mikheev SL, Podoksenov AY, Svirko YS, Gusakova AM, Shipulin VM, Yavorovskiy AG. Influence of Hypoxic and Hyperoxic Preconditioning on Endothelial Function in a Model of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury with Cardiopulmonary Bypass (Experimental Study). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155336. [PMID: 32727110 PMCID: PMC7432780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of preconditioning based on changes in inspiratory oxygen fraction on endothelial function in the model of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the myocardium in the condition of cardiopulmonary bypass. The prospective randomized study included 32 rabbits divided into four groups: hypoxic preconditioning, hyperoxic preconditioning, hypoxic-hyperoxic preconditioning, and control group. All animals were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. We provided preconditioning, then started cardiopulmonary bypass, followed by induced acute myocardial infarction (ischemia 45 min, reperfusion 120 min). We investigated endothelin-1, nitric oxide metabolites, asymmetric dimethylarginine during cardiopulmonary bypass: before ischemia, after ischemia, and after reperfusion. We performed light microscopy of myocardium, kidney, lungs, and gut mucosa. The endothelin-1 level was much higher in the control group than in all preconditioning groups after ischemia. The endothelin-1 even further increased after reperfusion. The total concentration of nitric oxide metabolites was significantly higher after all types of preconditioning compared with the control group. The light microscopy of the myocardium and other organs revealed a diminished damage extent in the hypoxic-hyperoxic preconditioning group as compared to the control group. Hypoxic-hyperoxic preconditioning helps to maintain the balance of nitric oxide metabolites, reduces endothelin-1 hyperproduction, and enforces organ protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Mandel
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Cardiology Research Institute, 111a Kievskaya Str., Tomsk 634012, Russia; (Y.K.P.); (S.L.M.); (A.Y.P.); (Y.S.S.); (A.M.G.); (V.M.S.)
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119991, Russia;
- Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 28 Orekhoviy Blvd., Moscow 115682, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +790-3952-8337
| | - Yuri K. Podoksenov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Cardiology Research Institute, 111a Kievskaya Str., Tomsk 634012, Russia; (Y.K.P.); (S.L.M.); (A.Y.P.); (Y.S.S.); (A.M.G.); (V.M.S.)
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2 Moskovskiy Tract Str., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (I.V.S.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Irina V. Suhodolo
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2 Moskovskiy Tract Str., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (I.V.S.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Darya A. An
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2 Moskovskiy Tract Str., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (I.V.S.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Sergey L. Mikheev
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Cardiology Research Institute, 111a Kievskaya Str., Tomsk 634012, Russia; (Y.K.P.); (S.L.M.); (A.Y.P.); (Y.S.S.); (A.M.G.); (V.M.S.)
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2 Moskovskiy Tract Str., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (I.V.S.); (D.A.A.)
- Swiss Medica XXI C.A., 21/1 Annenskaya str., Moscow 127521, Russia
| | - Andrey Yu. Podoksenov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Cardiology Research Institute, 111a Kievskaya Str., Tomsk 634012, Russia; (Y.K.P.); (S.L.M.); (A.Y.P.); (Y.S.S.); (A.M.G.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Yulia S. Svirko
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Cardiology Research Institute, 111a Kievskaya Str., Tomsk 634012, Russia; (Y.K.P.); (S.L.M.); (A.Y.P.); (Y.S.S.); (A.M.G.); (V.M.S.)
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2 Moskovskiy Tract Str., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (I.V.S.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Anna M. Gusakova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Cardiology Research Institute, 111a Kievskaya Str., Tomsk 634012, Russia; (Y.K.P.); (S.L.M.); (A.Y.P.); (Y.S.S.); (A.M.G.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Vladimir M. Shipulin
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Cardiology Research Institute, 111a Kievskaya Str., Tomsk 634012, Russia; (Y.K.P.); (S.L.M.); (A.Y.P.); (Y.S.S.); (A.M.G.); (V.M.S.)
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2 Moskovskiy Tract Str., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (I.V.S.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Andrey G. Yavorovskiy
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119991, Russia;
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Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) among candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery: Emphasis to possible beneficial role of TAC on serum vitamin D. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208806. [PMID: 30540842 PMCID: PMC6291249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Recently, the clinical importance of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and its protective role against several chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and several types of cancers has been reported. However, its association with cardio-metabolic risk factors among patients candidate for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) has not been evaluated yet. CABG is associated with increased oxidative stress and free radicals; so, the current study was aimed to evaluate the potential association of TAC with cardiovascular risk factors among patients candidate for CABG. Methods and materials In the current cross-sectional study, 454 patients aged 35–80 years as candidates of CABG and hospitalized in Tehran Heart Center were enrolled. Anthropometric and demographic characteristics were obtained from all participants. Total dietary antioxidant capacity (TAC) was calculated according to the findings of semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Biochemical parameters including serum lipids, albumin, creatinine, HbA1C, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipoprotein (a), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum vitamin D concentrations were also assessed by commercial laboratory methods. Results Male patients in the top quintiles of TAC had significantly lower prevalence of hypertension (35.1% vs 45.9%). Moreover, male patients at fifth quintile of TAC were 2% more serum vitamin D concentrations, 3% lower serum cholesterol concentrations compared with lowest quintile. Top quintiles of TAC make patients more likely to have low hematocrit and high serum albumin concentrations compared with lowest quintiles (P < 0.05). However, in female participants, only serum creatinine concentration was in negative association with TAC. In comparison of clinical parameters, females in the fifth quintile of TAC had 9% higher EF compared with patients in the first quintile (P = 0.021). Conclusion To our findings, higher dietary antioxidant capacity was associated with lower prevalence of hypertension, lower hematocrit, total cholesterol and higher albumin and vitamin D concentrations. Therefore, high dietary TAC could be considered as a potent protective tool against cardio-metabolic risk factors in patients CABG candidate for especially in male patients.
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Chen K, Sun Y, Diao Y, Zhang T, Dong W. Hydrogen-rich solution attenuates myocardial injury caused by cardiopulmonary bypass in rats via the Janus-activated kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:167-178. [PMID: 29928398 PMCID: PMC6006345 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of complications and mortality following open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with the severity of the myocardial injury that occurs during surgery. Hydrogen-rich solution (HRS) may prevent antioxidant stress and inhibit apoptosis and inflammation. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of HRS on CPB-induced myocardial injury, and to investigate its potential regulation of the Janus-activated kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway. The HRS treatment resulted in the significant upregulation of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), whilesuperoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were significantly downregulated, compared with the Sham group (P<0.05). Additionally, HRS treatment improved myocardial injury, and decreased the expression levels of cardiac troponins, heart-type fatty acid binding protein, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, MDA and MPO, and increased SOD release in CPB rats (P<0.05). Additionally, in the CPB group without the HRS treatment, the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, JAK2, phospho-JAK2 (p-JAK2), STAT3 and phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) were significantly decreased, and Bax was significantly increased, compared with the Sham group (P<0.05). By contrast, compared with the CPB group, the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), JAK2, phosphorylated (p)-JAK2, STAT3 and p-STAT3 in the HRS group were significantly increased, and Bcl-2-associated X protein expression was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In JAK2 knockdown experiments using siRNA, HRS treatment following hypoxia/reoxygenation also significantly increased the viability of myocardial cells, decreased the rate of myocardial cell apoptosis, elevated the levels of SOD and suppressed the release of MDA and lactate dehydrogenase in the control siRNA and CPB groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, JAK2 siRNA attenuated these protective effects of HRS (P<0.05 vs. control siRNA, HRS and CPB groups). Additionally, the results demonstrated that the HRS treatment significantly increased the expression levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3 and Bcl-2 in myocardial cells following hypoxia and decreased Bax expression in the control siRNA and CPB groups (P<0.05). In addition, JAK2 siRNA was determined to attenuate these effects of HRS (P<0.05 vs. control siRNA, HRS and CPB groups). Taken together, these results indicated that HRS may alleviate CPB-induced myocardial injury, inhibit myocardial cell apoptosis and protect myocardial cells through regulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Diao
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Tiezheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Wanwei Dong
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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Rovella V, Marrone G, Dessì M, Ferrannini M, Toschi N, Pellegrino A, Casasco M, Di Daniele N, Noce A. Can Serum Cystatin C predict long-term survival in cardiac surgery patients? Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:425-433. [PMID: 29615540 PMCID: PMC5892696 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Renal dysfunction is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery patients. Serum Cystatin C (sCysC) is a well-recognized marker of early renal dysfunction but few reports evaluate its prognostic cardio-vascular role. The aim of the study is to consider the prognostic value of sCysC for cardiovascular mortality. Four hundred twenty-four cardiac-surgery patients (264 men and 160 women) were enrolled. At admission, all patients were tested for renal function and inflammatory status. Patients were subdivided in subgroups according to the values of the following variables: sCysC, serum Creatinine (sCrea), age, high sensitivity-C Reactive Protein, fibrinogen, surgical procedures and Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival curves were plotted. The primary end-point was cardiovascular mortality. In order to evaluate the simultaneous independent impact of all measured variables on survival we fitted a multivariate Cox-Proportional Hazard Model (CPHM). In Kaplan-Meier analysis 124 patients (29.4%) reached the end-point. In multivariate CPHM, the only significant predictors of mortality were sCysC (p<0.00001, risk ratio: 1.529, CI: 1.29-1.80) and age (p=0.039, risk ratio: 1.019, CI: 1.001-1.037). When replacing sCysC with sCrea, the only significant predictor of mortality was sCrea (p=0.0026; risk ratio 1.20; CI: 1.06-1.36). Increased levels of sCysC can be considered a useful biomarker of cardiovascular mortality in cardiac-surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rovella
- Department of Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- Department of Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
- PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Mariarita Dessì
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrannini
- Department of Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Medical Physics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
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Farhangi MA, Najafi M. Dietary inflammatory index: a potent association with cardiovascular risk factors among patients candidate for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Nutr J 2018; 17:20. [PMID: 29439738 PMCID: PMC5812038 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the clinical importance of dietary inflammatory index (DII) in predicting the inflammatory potential of diet and its role in pathogenesis of several chronic disease including some types of cancers, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and renal disease has been proposed. However, its association with the disease severity and progression and cardio-metabolic risk factors among patients candidate for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) has not been evaluated yet. In the current study, the association of DII with cardiovascular risk factors among patients candidate for CABG has been investigated. METHODS In the current cross-sectional study, 454 patients aged 35-80 years as candidates of CABG and hospitalized in Tehran Heart Center were enrolled. Anthropometric and demographic characteristics were obtained from all of the participants. Dietary intakes were evaluated with a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and DII was calculated. Biochemical parameters including hemoglobin (Hb) A1C, serum lipids, albumin, creatinine and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipoprotein (a), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and hematocrit (HCT) were also assessed by commercial laboratory methods. Left ventricular ejection- fraction, number of diseased vessels, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and the European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE) were estimated for clinical assessment. One way analysis of variance and chi square tests were used for comparison of demographic parameters between groups. Beta estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between DII and clinical parameters were estimated using linear regression adjusted for the confounders. RESULTS According to our findings, high DII scores were associated with higher age, lower body mass index (BMI), higher prevalence of diabetes and myocardial infarction (MI) and lower educational attainment (P < 0.05). Male patients in 4th and 3rd quartile of DII had significantly higher total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), albumin, creatinine, BUN and hs-CRP concentrations and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) concentrations compared with male patients in lower quartiles (P < 0.05). While in female patients, only lipoprotein (a) concentrations and hematocrit (HCT) percentage in the 4th and 2nd quartile were significantly higher than lower quartiles. EuroSCORE was also significantly higher in top quartiles of DII (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION As shown in our results, DII was in a positive association with several cardiovascular risk factors. The higher inflammatory potential of diet denoted higher values of serum lipids, CRP and kidney function tests and higher EuroSCORE as a predictor of post-operative mortality. Therefore, DII can be demonstrated as a target of nutritional interventions for ameliorating the CVD risk factors among patients candidate for CABG especially in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Najafi
- Department of Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar Street, Tehran, 1411713138 Iran
- Cardiac Outcome Research and Education (CORE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Chen K, Sun Y, Diao Y, Ji L, Song D, Zhang T. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist inhibits the damage of rat hippocampal neurons by TLR4/Myd88/NF‑κB signaling pathway during cardiopulmonary bypass. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4770-4776. [PMID: 28791395 PMCID: PMC5647028 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist on the damage of hippocampal neurons and the expression of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88)/nuclear factor (NF)‑κB signal pathway‑associated factors in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham operation (Sham); CPB; CPB + α7nAChR agonist PHA568487 (PHA); CPB + α7nAChR inhibitor MLA (MLA); and CPB + PHA568487 + TLR4 antagonist (CPT). Blood and brain tissue samples were harvested at 12 h following the withdrawal of CPB. Levels of serum inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α] and brain injury markers [S‑100β and neuron‑specific enolase (NSE)] were measured using ELISA. In addition, pathological histology and apoptosis changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Tunnel assays. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were used to determine the expression of TLR4, Myd88 and NF‑κB mRNA, and protein in the hippocampus. The morphology of hippocampal pyramidal cells in the Sham group was observed to be normal. Pyramidal cells in the CPB, MLA and CPT groups were loosely arranged, and the baselines had disappeared, with clear nucleus pyknosis and neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, the cells in the PHA group were slightly damaged. IL‑1β, IL‑6, TNF‑α, S‑100β and NSE expression levels in the CPB, MLA, and CPT groups were significantly higher compared with that in the Sham group (P<0.05). Compared with CPB group, the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the PHA group was significantly lower (P<0.05). The expression of TLR4, Myd88 and NF‑κB mRNA, and protein in the hippocampus of CPB, MLA and CPT groups were significantly higher compared with that in the Sham group, and the PHA group expression was significantly lower compared with the CPB group (P<0.05). α7nAChRs agonist can inhibit the apoptosis of rat brain neurons induced by CPB, and may protect against brain injury through the TLR4/Myd88/NF‑κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Diao
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Liu Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Tiezheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
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Torres LM, Martínez Ruiz A. Inflammation and anesthesia, is there anything new? REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2017; 64:365-368. [PMID: 28364974 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L M Torres
- Servicio de Anestesia-Reanimación y Tratamiento del Dolor, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Departamento de Anestesia, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, España
| | - A Martínez Ruiz
- Departamento de Anestesia, Reanimación y Terapia del Dolor, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Departamento de Anestesia, Universidad del País Vasco (EHU/UPV), Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España.
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Dynamic changes of paraoxonase 1 activity towards paroxon and phenyl acetate during coronary artery surgery. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:92. [PMID: 28376720 PMCID: PMC5381050 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme associated with high - density lipoproteins (HDL) particles, inhibits the oxidation of serum lipoproteins and cell membranes. PON1 activity is lower in patients with atherosclerosis and in inflammatory diseases. The systemic inflammatory response provoked during cardiopulmonary bypass grafting may contribute to the development of postoperative complications. The aim of the present study was to estimate the dynamic changes in paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity towards paraoxon and phenyl acetate during and after coronary artery surgery. METHODS Twenty six patients with coronary heart disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were enrolled into the study. Venous blood samples were obtained preoperatively, after aortic clumping, after the end of operation, at 6, 18, 30 and 48 h after operation. Paraoxonase activity was measured spectrophotometrically in 50 mM glycine/NaOH buffer (pH 10.5) containing 1.0 mM paraoxon, and 1.0 mM CaCl2. Arylesterase activity was measured in 20 mM TrisCl buffer (pH 8.0) containing 1 mM phenyl acetate and 1 mM CaCl2. RESULTS PON1 activity toward paraoxon and phenyl acetate significantly decreased after aorta cross clumping and increased directly after operation. PON1 activity towards paraoxon in preoperative period and PON1 activity towards phenyl acetate in seventh stage of experiment tended to inversely correlate with the occurrence of postoperative complications. CONCLUSION The paraoxonase 1 plasma activity is markedly reduced during CABG surgery.
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