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Synthesis and Biological Activity of Brassinosteroid Analogues with a Nitrogen-Containing Side Chain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010155. [PMID: 33375728 PMCID: PMC7795425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are a class of plant hormones that regulate a broad range of physiological processes such as plant growth, development and immunity, including the suppression of biotic and abiotic stresses. In this paper, we report the synthesis of new brassinosteroid analogues with a nitrogen-containing side chain and their biological activity on Arabidopis thaliana. Based on molecular docking experiments, two groups of brassinosteroid analogues were prepared with short and long side chains in order to study the impact of side chain length on plants. The derivatives with a short side chain were prepared with amide, amine and ammonium functional groups. The derivatives with a long side chain were synthesized using amide and ammonium functional groups. A total of 25 new brassinosteroid analogues were prepared. All 25 compounds were tested in an Arabidopsis root sensitivity bioassay and cytotoxicity screening. The synthesized substances showed no significant inhibitory activity compared to natural 24-epibrassinolide. In contrast, in low concentration, several compounds (8a, 8b, 8e, 16e, 22a and 22e) showed interesting growth-promoting activity. The cytotoxicity assay showed no toxicity of the prepared compounds on cancer and normal cell lines.
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Michelini FM, Lombardi MG, Bueno CA, Berra A, Sales ME, Alché LE. Synthetic stigmasterol derivatives inhibit capillary tube formation, herpetic corneal neovascularization and tumor induced angiogenesis: Antiangiogenic stigmasterol derivatives. Steroids 2016; 115:160-168. [PMID: 27623061 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a critical role in initiating and promoting several diseases, such as cancer and herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). Herein, we studied the inhibitory effect of two synthetic stigmasterol derivatives on capillary tube-like structures and on cell migration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC): (22S,23S)-22,23-dihydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (compound 1) and (22S,23S)-3β-bromo-5α,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one (compound 2). We also studied their effect on VEGF expression in IL-6 stimulated macrophages and in LMM3 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we investigated the antiangiogenic activity of the compounds on corneal neovascularization in the murine model of HSK and in an experimental model of tumor-induced angiogenesis in mice. Both compounds inhibited capillary tube-like formation, but only compound 1 restrained cell migration. Compound 1, unlike compound 2, was able to reduce VEGF expression. Only compound 1 not only reduced the incidence and severity of corneal neovascularization, when administered at the onset of HSK, but it also restrained the development of neovascular response induced by tumor cells in mice skin. Our results show that compound 1 inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, compound 1 would be a promising drug in the treatment of those diseases where angiogenesis represents one of the main pathogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M Michelini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Virología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Pabellón 2, 4to. piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Lombardi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Segunda Cátedra de Farmacología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Paraguay 2155 Piso 16°, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Bueno
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Virología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Pabellón 2, 4to. piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Berra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Laboratorio de Investigaciones Oculares, J. E. Uriburu 950, EP, C1114AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Elena Sales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Segunda Cátedra de Farmacología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Paraguay 2155 Piso 16°, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura E Alché
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Virología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Pabellón 2, 4to. piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhabinskii VN, Khripach NB, Khripach VA. Steroid plant hormones: effects outside plant kingdom. Steroids 2015; 97:87-97. [PMID: 25217849 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BS) are the first group of steroid-hormonal compounds isolated from and acting in plants. Among numerous physiological effects of BS growth stimulation and adaptogenic activities are especially remarkable. In this review, we provide evidence that BS possess similar types of activity also beyond plant kingdom at concentrations comparable with those for plants. This finding allows looking at steroids from a new point of view: how common are the mechanisms of steroid bioregulation in different types of organisms from protozoa to higher animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Natalia B Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
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Petrera E, Níttolo AG, Alché LE. Antiviral action of synthetic stigmasterol derivatives on herpes simplex virus replication in nervous cells in vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:947560. [PMID: 25147828 PMCID: PMC4131461 DOI: 10.1155/2014/947560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyfunctionalized stigmasterol derivatives, (22S,23S)-22,23-dihydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (compound 1) and (22S,23S)-3β-bromo-5α,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one (compound 2), inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication and spreading in human epithelial cells derived from ocular tissues. Both compounds reduce the incidence and severity of lesions in a murine model of herpetic stromal keratitis when administered in different treatment modalities. Since encephalitis caused by HSV-1 is another immunopathology of viral origin, we evaluate here the antiviral effect of both compounds on HSV-1 infected nervous cell lines as well as their anti-inflammatory action. We found that both stigmasterol derivatives presented low cytotoxicity in the three nervous cell lines assayed. Regarding the antiviral activity, in all cases both compounds prevented HSV-1 multiplication when added after infection, as well as virus propagation. Additionally, both compounds were able to hinder interleukin-6 and Interferon-gamma secretion induced by HSV-1 infection in Neuro-2a cells. We conclude that compounds 1 and 2 have exerted a dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect in HSV-1 infected nervous cell lines, which makes them interesting molecules to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Petrera
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 4to. Piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía G. Níttolo
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 4to. Piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura E. Alché
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 4to. Piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kvasnica M, Oklestkova J, Bazgier V, Rarova L, Berka K, Strnad M. Biological activities of new monohydroxylated brassinosteroid analogues with a carboxylic group in the side chain. Steroids 2014; 85:58-64. [PMID: 24769247 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen monohydroxylated brassinosteroids analogues were synthesized and tested for their biological activity in plant and animal systems. The cytotoxic activity of the products was studied using human normal and cancer cell lines with 28-homocastasterone as positive control, their brassinolide type activity was established using the bean second-internode test with 24-epibrassinolide as standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Vaclav Bazgier
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17. Listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rarova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Berka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Material, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Recent Advances in Medicinal Applications of Brassinosteroids, a Group of Plant Hormones. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59603-1.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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In vitro antiviral activity of dehydroepiandrosterone, 17 synthetic analogs and ERK modulators against herpes simplex virus type 1. Antiviral Res 2012; 95:37-48. [PMID: 22584352 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the in vitro antiviral activity of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 17 synthetic derivatives against herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) was determined. DHEA, epiandrosterone (EA), two synthetic DHEA analogs and three synthetic EA analogs showed a selective inhibitory effect on HSV in vitro multiplication. DHEA and E2, a synthetic derivative of EA, were not found to be virucidal to cell-free HSV-1 and did not impair virus adsorption or penetration. We determined that treatment with both compounds decreased viral protein synthesis. Moreover, inhibitory effect of DHEA and E2 on extracellular viral titer was stronger than the inhibition found on total viral infectivity, suggesting that the antiherpetic activity of these compounds may also be in part due to an inhibition in virus formation and release. Since DHEA is a known Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway activator, we studied the role of this pathway on HSV-1 infection. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was stimulated in HSV-1 infected cultures. UO126, a Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway inhibitor, impaired viral multiplication, while anisomycin, an activator of this pathway, enhanced it. Treatment with DHEA 6 h before infection enhanced HSV-1 multiplication. On the contrary, pre-treatment with E2, which does not modulate Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, did not produce an increase of viral replication. Taking together these results, the antiviral activity of DHEA seems to occur via a mechanism independent of its ability to modulate ERK phosphorylation.
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Khripach VA, Zhabinskii VN, Gulyakevich OV, Konstantinova OV, Misharin AY, Mekhtiev AR, Timofeev VP, Tkachev YV. Synthesis of secasterol and 24-episecasterol and their toxicity for MCF-7 cells. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010; 36:815-24. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162010060117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hayat S, Ahmad A. Prospects of brassinosteroids in medicinal applications. BRASSINOSTEROIDS: A CLASS OF PLANT HORMONE 2010. [PMCID: PMC7120361 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0189-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Steroids are an imperative group of hormones which play a key role in the transmission of signals that mediate growth and physiological responses in most pluricellular organisms. Brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of plant-specific steroid hormones, control many of the developmental and physiological processes like their animal counterparts, including regulation of gene expression, cell division and expansion, differentiation, programmed cell death, and homeostasis. Recent studies have indicated that these hormones have antiviral, antifungal, antiproliferative, antibacterial, neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties in animal system. BRs analogues have been reported to have antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), arenaviruses as well as against replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in Vero cells. Also, antiherpetic activities both in a human conjunctive cell line (IOBA-NHC) and murine herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) experimental models have been reported. In human cells, anticancer structure-activity relationship of natural BRs revealed their high cytotoxic activity. Since, BRs and their analogues are reported to inhibit cell growth in cancer cell lines, they may be considered as promising phytohormones for potential anticancer drugs. The use of pollens in folk medicine also indicates scope of steroids of plant pollens in medicines. An attempt has been made in this paper to document the information available on the prospects of BRs in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Hayat
- , Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Anoop Sahar Road, ALIGARH, 202002 India
| | - Aqil Ahmad
- , Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Anoop Sahar Road, ALIGARH, 202002 India
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Romanutti C, Castilla V, Coto CE, Wachsman MB. Antiviral effect of a synthetic brassinosteroid on the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus in Vero cells. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29:311-6. [PMID: 17275263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral mode of action of the synthetic brassinosteroid (22S,23S)-3beta-bromo-5alpha,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one (6b) against replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in Vero cells was investigated. Time-related experiments showed that 6b mainly affects a late event of the virus growth cycle. Virus adsorption, internalisation and early RNA synthesis are not the target of the inhibitory action. Results obtained indicate that the antiviral compound adversely affects virus protein synthesis and viral mature particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Romanutti
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Talarico LB, Castilla V, Ramirez JA, Galagovsky LR, Wachsman MB. Synergistic in vitro interactions between (22S,23S)-3beta-bromo-5alpha,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one and acyclovir or foscarnet against herpes simplex virus type 1. Chemotherapy 2005; 52:38-42. [PMID: 16340198 DOI: 10.1159/000090242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 in Vero cells is inhibited in the presence of (22S,23S)-3beta-bromo-5alpha,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one (6b), a synthetic brassinosteroid derivative. Since a late step of virus multiplication is hindered by 6b, we performed studies of drug-drug combination with acyclovir (ACV) and foscarnet (FOS). It was determined that 6b would act synergistically with low concentrations of ACV and moderate concentrations of FOS against HSV. The best drug combination tested in this study resulted in an increase of 29.3 and 47.2% in antiviral activity for ACV (0.036 microM) and FOS (37.5 microM) in the presence of 14.8 and 6.9 microM of 6b, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Talarico
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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