1
|
Ambrožič R, Mravljak R, Podgornik A. Rapid, Direct, Noninvasive Method to Determine the Amount of Immobilized Protein. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5643-5651. [PMID: 36939216 PMCID: PMC10077329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein immobilization is of utmost importance in many areas, where various proteins are used for selective detection of target compounds. Despite the importance given to determine the amount of immobilized protein, there is no simple method that allows direct, noninvasive detection. In this work, a method based on pH transition, occurring during change of solution ionic strength, was developed. The method utilized the ionic character of the immobilized protein while implementing biologically compatible buffers. Five different proteins, namely, glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, and protein A, were immobilized in different amounts on a porous polymeric matrix, and their pH transition was measured using lactate buffer of various concentrations and pH values. A linear correlation was found between the amount of immobilized protein and the amplitude of the pH transition, allowing the detection down to 2 nmol of immobilized protein. By changing the buffer concentration and pH, the sensitivity of the method could be tailored. Criteria based on the symmetry of the pH transition peak have been developed to determine if a particular measurement is within a linear range. In addition, a mathematical model was developed enabling prediction of pH transition profiles based solely on the protein amino acid sequence, the buffer pKa value(s), and the amount of immobilized protein.Hence, it can be used to design pH transition method experiments to achieve the required sensitivity for a target sample. Since the proposed method is noninvasive, it can be routinely applied during optimization of the immobilization protocol, for quality control, and also as an in-process monitoring tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rok Ambrožič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Mravljak
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Podgornik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,COBIK, Mirce 21, 5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Enhanced capture of bacteria and endotoxin by antimicrobial WLBU2 peptide tethered on polyethylene oxide spacers. Biointerphases 2017; 12:05G603. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4997049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
3
|
Ding Y, Yang M, Yang Z, Luo R, Lu X, Huang N, Huang P, Leng Y. Cooperative control of blood compatibility and re-endothelialization by immobilized heparin and substrate topography. Acta Biomater 2015; 15:150-63. [PMID: 25541345 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of environmental cues provided by the extracellular matrix, including biophysical and biochemical cues, are responsible for vascular cell behavior and function. In particular, substrate topography and surface chemistry have been shown to regulate blood and vascular compatibility individually. The combined impact of chemical and topographic cues on blood and vascular compatibility, and the interplay between these two types of cues, are subjects that are currently being explored. In the present study, a facile polydopamine-mediated approach is introduced for immobilization of heparin on topographically patterned substrates, and the combined effects of these cues on blood compatibility and re-endothelialization are systematically investigated. The results show that immobilized heparin and substrate topography cooperatively modulate anti-coagulation activity, endothelial cell (EC) attachment, proliferation, focal adhesion formation and endothelial marker expression. Meanwhile, the substrate topography is the primary determinant of cell alignment and elongation, driving in vivo-like endothelial organization. Importantly, combining immobilized heparin with substrate topography empowers substantially greater competitive ability of ECs over smooth muscle cells than each cue individually. Moreover, a model is proposed to elucidate the cooperative interplay between immobilized heparin and substrate topography in regulating cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Ding
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhilu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Rifang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Pingbo Huang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Leng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres for protein capture. N Biotechnol 2014; 31:482-91. [PMID: 24998890 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The efficient isolation and concentration of protein antigens from complex biological samples is a critical step in several analytical methods, such as mass spectrometry, flow cytometry and immunochemistry. These techniques take advantage of magnetic microspheres as immunosorbents. The focus of this study was on the development of new superparamagnetic polymer microspheres for the specific isolation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Monodisperse macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres measuring approximately 5 μm and containing carboxyl groups were prepared by multistep swelling polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methoxy]ethyl methacrylate (MCMEMA) and ethylene dimethylacrylate (EDMA) as a crosslinker in the presence of cyclohexyl acetate as a porogen. To render the microspheres magnetic, iron oxide was precipitated within their pores; the Fe content in the particles received ∼18 wt%. Nonspecific interactions between the magnetic particles and biological media were minimized by coating the microspheres with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) terminated by carboxyl groups. The carboxyl groups of the magnetic PGMA microspheres were conjugated with primary amino groups of mouse monoclonal DO-1 antibody using conventional carbodiimide chemistry. The efficiency of protein p53 capture and the degree of nonspecific adsorption on neat and PEG-coated magnetic microspheres were determined by western blot analysis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nie S, Tang M, Cheng C(S, Yin Z, Wang L, Sun S, Zhao C. Biologically inspired membrane design with a heparin-like interface: prolonged blood coagulation, inhibited complement activation, and bio-artificial liver related cell proliferation. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:98-109. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60165j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
6
|
Li NN, Lin J, Gao D, Zhang LM. A macromolecular prodrug strategy for combinatorial drug delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 417:301-9. [PMID: 24407691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel macromolecular prodrug strategy was developed for the combinatorial delivery of two poorly water-soluble drugs, dexamethasone and doxorubicin. In this work, dexamethasone was firstly conjugated onto a water-soluble modified polysaccharide by an acid-labile hydrazone linkage. The resultant macromolecular prodrug had an amphiphilic character and could self-assemble into spherical polymeric micelles in aqueous system. With these micelles, doxorubicin was then encapsulated into their hydrophobic cores. For the conjugated dexamethasone and encapsulated doxorubicin, they could exhibit independent and acid-sensitive release characteristics. For the doxorubicin-loaded prodrug micelles, they were easily be internalized by living cells and showed obvious antitumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Li
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, Department of Polymer and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiantao Lin
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, Department of Polymer and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Di Gao
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, Department of Polymer and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, Department of Polymer and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He C, Nie CX, Zhao WF, Ma L, Xiang T, Cheng CS, Sun SD, Zhao CS. Modification of polyethersulfone membranes using terpolymers engineered and integrated antifouling and anticoagulant properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Chuan-Xiong Nie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Lang Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Tao Xiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Chong Sage Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Shu-Dong Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Chang-Sheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
PEG-modified magnetic hypercrosslinked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) microspheres to minimize sorption of serum proteins. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
9
|
Tang M, Xue J, Yan K, Xiang T, Sun S, Zhao C. Heparin-like surface modification of polyethersulfone membrane and its biocompatibility. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 386:428-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Coyne CP, Jones T, Bear R. Synthesis of Gemcitabine-(C 4- amide)-[anti-HER2/ neu] Utilizing a UV-Photoactivated Gemcitabine Intermediate: Cytotoxic Anti-Neoplastic Activity against Chemotherapeutic-Resistant Mammary Adenocarcinoma SKBr-3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [PMID: 26225216 DOI: 10.4236/jct.2012.325089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog that becomes triphosphorylated intracellularly where it competitively inhibits cytidine incorporation into DNA strands. Another mechanism-of-action of gemcitabine (diphosphorylated form) involves irreversible inhibition of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase thereby preventing deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Functioning as a potent chemotherapeutic gemcitabine promote decreases in neoplastic cell proliferation and apoptosis which is frequently found to be effective for the treatment of several leukemias and a wide spectrum of carcinomas. A brief plasma half-life in part due to rapid deamination and chemotherapeutic-resistance restricts the utility of gemcit-abine in clinical oncology. Selective "targeted" delivery of gemcitabine represents a potential molecular strategy for simultaneously prolonging its plasma half-life and minimizing innocient tissues and organ systems exposure to chemotherapy. The molecular design and an organic chemistry based synthesis reaction is described that initially generates a UV-photoactivated gemcitabine intermediate. In a subsequent phase of the synthesis method the UV-photoactivated gemcitabine intermediate is covalently bonded to a monoclonal immunoglobulin yielding an end-product in the form of gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu]. Analysis by SDS-PAGE/chemiluminescent auto-radiography did not detect evidence of gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] polymerization or degradative fragmentation while cell-ELISA demonstrated retained binding-avidity for HER2/neu trophic membrane receptor complexes highly over-expressed by chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma (SKBr-3). Compared to chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma (SKBr-3), the covalent immunochemotherapeutic, gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] is anticipated to exert greater levels of cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency against other neoplastic cell types like pancreatic carcinoma, small-cell lung carcinoma, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, cervical epitheliod carcinoma, or leukemia/lymphoid neoplastic cell types based on their reported sensitivity to gemcitabine and gemcitabine covalent conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody P Coyne
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Oktibbeha County, USA
| | - Toni Jones
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Oktibbeha County, USA
| | - Ryan Bear
- Wise Center, Mississippi State University, Oktibbeha County, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Du YJ, Berry LR, Chan AKC. Chemical–Physical Characterization of Polyurethane Catheters Modified with a Novel Antithrombin-Heparin Covalent Complex. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:2277-94. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x538227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jun Du
- a Macromerica Biomedical Inc., North Billerica, MA 01862, USA
| | - Leslie R. Berry
- b Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, DB-CVSRI, Hamilton General Hospital Campus, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8L 2X2
| | - Anthony K. C. Chan
- c Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, DB-CVSRI, Hamilton General Hospital Campus, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8L 2X2.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Coyne CP, Jones T, Bear R. Synthesis of a covalent epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-anti-HER2/neu immunochemotherapeutic utilizing a UV-photoactivated anthracycline intermediate. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:41-55. [PMID: 22191802 PMCID: PMC4361169 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The C(3)-monoamine on the carbohydrate moiety (daunosamine -NH(2)-3') of epirubicin was reacted under anhydrous conditions with succinimidyl 4,4-azipentanoate to create a covalent UV-photoactivated epirubicin-(C(3)-amide) intermediate with primary amine-reactive properties. A synthetic covalent bond between the UV-photoactivated epirubicin-(C(3)-amide) intermediate and the ɛ-amine of lysine residues within the amino acid sequence of anti-HER2/neu monoclonal immunoglobulin was subsequently created by exposure to UV light (354 nm) for 15 minutes. Size-separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with immunodetection analysis and chemiluminescent autoradiographic imaging revealed a lack of IgG-IgG polymerization or degradative protein fragmentation of the covalent epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] immunochemotherapeutic. Retained binding-avidity of epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] was validated by cell-ELISA utilizing monolayer populations of chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma SKBr-3 which highly overexpress membrane-associated HER2/neu complexes. Between epirubicin-equivalent concentrations of 10(-10) to 10(-6) M the covalent epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] immunochemotherapeutic consistently evoked levels of cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency that were highly analogous to chemotherapeutic-equivalent concentrations of epirubicin. Cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency of epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] against chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma SKBr-3 challenged with epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] at an epirubicin-equivalent concentration of 10(-6) M was 88.5% (e.g., 11.5% residual survival). Between final epirubicin-equivalent concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-7) M there was a marked threshold increase in the mean cytotoxic anti-neoplastic activity for epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] from 9.9% to 66.9% (90.2% to 33.1% residual survival).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody P Coyne
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|