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Zhou H, Cai Y, Long M, Zheng N, Zhang Z, You C, Hussain A, Xia X. Computer-Aided Reconstruction and Application of Bacillus halodurans S7 Xylanase with Heat and Alkali Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1213-1227. [PMID: 38183306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
β-1,4-Endoxylanase is the most critical hydrolase for xylan degradation during lignocellulosic biomass utilization. However, its poor stability and activity in hot and alkaline environments hinder its widespread application. In this study, BhS7Xyl from Bacillus halodurans S7 was improved using a computer-aided design through isothermal compressibility (βT) perturbation engineering and by combining three thermostability prediction algorithms (ICPE-TPA). The best variant with remarkable improvement in specific activity, heat resistance (70 °C), and alkaline resistance (both pH 9.0 and 70 °C), R69F/E137M/E145L, exhibited a 4.9-fold increase by wild-type in specific activity (1368.6 U/mg), a 39.4-fold increase in temperature half-life (458.1 min), and a 57.6-fold increase in pH half-life (383.1 min). Furthermore, R69F/E137M/E145L was applied to the hydrolysis of agricultural waste (corncob and hardwood pulp) to efficiently obtain a higher yield of high-value xylooligosaccharides. Overall, the ICPE-TPA strategy has the potential to improve the functional performance of enzymes under extreme conditions for the high-value utilization of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongchao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengfei Long
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuiping You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Asif Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaole Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300000, China
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Optimisation of Xylanase–Pectinase Cocktail Production with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ADI2 Using a Low-Cost Substrate via Statistical Strategy. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An effective statistical tool for increasing and boosting the production of xylanase and pectinase by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ADI2 during submerged fermentation (SmF) appears to be the response of surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design (CCD). Optimum production was achieved under fermentation conditions of a temperature of 28 °C, pH of 8.38, inoculum size of 4% (w/v) and agitation speed of 94 rpm for 48 h. The experimental responses demonstrated a near agreement with the expected responses under optimum conditions of independent variables, suggesting the model’s validity. The optimised CCD model had a 1.34-fold, 159 ± 6 U/mL greater xylanase and 5.96-fold, 205 ± 9 U/mL greater pectinase production than the one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. The production of concurrent enzymes of xylanase–pectinase resulted in a ratio of 1:1.3.
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Rashid R, Sohail M. Xylanolytic Bacillus species for xylooligosaccharides production: a critical review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:16. [PMID: 38650226 PMCID: PMC10991489 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of different Bacillus species to produce large amounts of extracellular enzymes and ability to ferment various substrates at a wide range of pH and temperature has placed them among the most promising hosts for the industrial production of many improved and novel products. The global interest in prebiotics, for example, xylooligosaccharides (XOs) is ever increasing, rousing the quest for various forms with expanded productivity. This article provides an overview of xylanase producing bacilli, with more emphasis on their capacity to be used in the production of the XOs, followed by the purification strategies, characteristics and application of XOs from bacilli. The large-scale production of XOs is carried out from a number of xylan-rich lignocellulosic materials by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis followed by purification through chromatography, vacuum evaporation, solvent extraction or membrane separation methods. Utilization of XOs in the production of functional products as food ingredients brings well-being to individuals by improving defense system and eliminating pathogens. In addition to the effects related to health, a variety of other biological impacts have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozina Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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4
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Lai Z, Zhou C, Ma X, Xue Y, Ma Y. Enzymatic characterization of a novel thermostable and alkaline tolerant GH10 xylanase and activity improvement by multiple rational mutagenesis strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:164-177. [PMID: 33352153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-alkaline xylanases are widely applied in paper pulping industry. In this study, a novel thermostable and alkaline tolerant GH10 xylanase (Xyn30Y5) gene from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. 30Y5 was cloned and the surface-layer homology (SLH) domains truncated enzyme (Xyn30Y5-SLH) was expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified Xyn30Y5-SLH was most active at 70 °C and pH 7.0 and showed the highest specific activity of 349.4 U mg-1. It retained more than 90% activity between pH 6.0 to 9.5 and was stable at pH 6.0-10.0. To improve the activity, 47 mutants were designed based on eight rational strategies and 21 mutants showed higher activity. By combinatorial mutagenesis, the best mutant 3B demonstrated specific activity of 1016.8 U mg-1 with a doubled catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) and RA601/2h value, accompanied by optimal pH shift to 8.0. The molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that the increase of flexibility of α5 helix and loop7 located near to the catalytic residues is likely responsible for its activity improvement. And the decrease of flexibility of the most unstable regions is vital for the thermostablity improvement. This work provided not only a novel thermostable and alkaline tolerant xylanase with industrial application potential but also an effective mutagenesis strategy for xylanase activity improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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5
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Boonyapakron K, Chitnumsub P, Kanokratana P, Champreda V. Enhancement of catalytic performance of a metagenome-derived thermophilic oligosaccharide-specific xylanase by binding module removal and random mutagenesis. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:13-19. [PMID: 33067124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharide (XO) is a promising pre-biotic with applications in food, feed and healthcare products. XO can be produced by enzymatic digestion of xylan with xylanase. In this study, we aimed to improve the biochemical properties relevant to catalysis and kinetics of X11, a thermophilic glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 11 endo-β-1,4-xylanase derived from a metagenomic library isolated from sugarcane bagasse, under high-temperature conditions preferred for XO synthesis. Removal of a carbohydrate-binding module (X11C) resulted in 6.5 fold greater catalytic efficiency. X11C was further improved by a Pro71Thr mutation in the X11P variant obtained from a random mutagenesis library, which exhibited 15.9 fold greater catalytic efficiency compared with wild-type X11 under the enzyme's optimal conditions of 80°C and pH 6.0. Homology modeling suggested that the improved performance of X11P could be attributed to formation of an extra H-bond between Thr71 and Ser75, which stabilizes the key catalytic residue Glu180 at the active pocket and β-sheet layers and agrees with the respective increase in melting temperature (Tm) where X11P >X11C >X11 as determined by differential scanning fluorimetry. The X11P variant was tested for hydrolysis of beechwood xylan, which showed X6 as the major product followed by X3 and X4 XOs. The highest yield of 5.5 g total XOs product/mg enzyme was observed for X11P, equivalent to 3.7 fold higher than that of wild-type with XO production of >800 mg/g xylan. The X11P enzyme could be developed as a thermophilic biocatalyst for XO synthesis in biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katewadee Boonyapakron
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Penchit Chitnumsub
- Biomolecular Analysis and Application Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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Dhruw C, Husain K, Kumar V, Sonawane VC. Novel xylanase producing Bacillus strain X2: molecular phylogenetic analysis and its application for production of xylooligosaccharides. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:328. [PMID: 32656061 PMCID: PMC7334322 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A Bacillus strain X2 that produced extracellular endo-xylanase (GH 11) (EC: 3.2.1.8) was isolated from the soil of the Northeast India region. This aerobic culture was Gram positive and endospore forming. Chemotaxonomic characterization showed variance with the fatty acid profile of related species in the Bacillus subtilis group. In Bacillus strain X2, distinct occurrence of iso-C14:0 lipids is absent in other related species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence homology showed 99% similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum. The phylogenetic analysis by the multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the nucleotide sequence of six concatenated genes (16S rRNA, groEL, gyrA, polC, purH and rpoB) resolved the taxonomic position of the Bacillus strain X2 in the Bacillus subtilis subsp. group. The MLSA showed that it is a member of a clade that includes Bacillus subtilis subsp. stercoris. In in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH), the highest matching score was obtained with Bacillus subtilis subsp. stercoris (87%). The in silico DDH of the genome (G + C 43.7 mol %) shared 48.5%, with Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum. The MLSA phylogenetic tree and the highest degree of DNA hybridization, indicating that it belongs to the Bacillus subtilis subspecies stercoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabhan Dhruw
- BERPDC, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036 India
| | - Khadim Husain
- BERPDC, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036 India
| | - Vyas Kumar
- BERPDC, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036 India
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7
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Xylooligosaccharides production from wheat middlings bioprocessed with Bacillus subtilis. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Alokika, Singh B. Production, characteristics, and biotechnological applications of microbial xylanases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8763-8784. [PMID: 31641815 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microbial xylanases have gathered great attention due to their biotechnological potential at industrial scale for many processes. A variety of lignocellulosic materials, such as sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, rice bran, wheat straw, wheat bran, corn cob, and ragi bran, are used for xylanase production which also solved the great issue of solid waste management. Both solid-state and submerged fermentation have been used for xylanase production controlled by various physical and nutritional parameters. Majority of xylanases have optimum pH in the range of 4.0-9.0 with optimum temperature at 30-60 °C. For biochemical, molecular studies and also for successful application in industries, purification and characterization of xylanase have been carried out using various appropriate techniques. Cloning and genetic engineering are used for commercial-level production of xylanase, to meet specific economic viability and industrial needs. Microbial xylanases are used in various biotechnological applications like biofuel production, pulp and paper industry, baking and brewing industry, food and feed industry, and deinking of waste paper. This review describes production, characteristics, and biotechnological applications of microbial xylanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokika
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Life Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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9
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Verma P. A detailed overview of xylanases: an emerging biomolecule for current and future prospective. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Xylan is the second most abundant naturally occurring renewable polysaccharide available on earth. It is a complex heteropolysaccharide consisting of different monosaccharides such as l-arabinose, d-galactose, d-mannoses and organic acids such as acetic acid, ferulic acid, glucuronic acid interwoven together with help of glycosidic and ester bonds. The breakdown of xylan is restricted due to its heterogeneous nature and it can be overcome by xylanases which are capable of cleaving the heterogeneous β-1,4-glycoside linkage. Xylanases are abundantly present in nature (e.g., molluscs, insects and microorganisms) and several microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae are used extensively for its production. Microbial xylanases show varying substrate specificities and biochemical properties which makes it suitable for various applications in industrial and biotechnological sectors. The suitability of xylanases for its application in food and feed, paper and pulp, textile, pharmaceuticals, and lignocellulosic biorefinery has led to an increase in demand of xylanases globally. The present review gives an insight of using microbial xylanases as an “Emerging Green Tool” along with its current status and future prospective.
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10
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Mamo G. Alkaline Active Hemicellulases. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 172:245-291. [PMID: 31372682 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Xylan and mannan are the two most abundant hemicelluloses, and enzymes that modify these polysaccharides are prominent hemicellulases with immense biotechnological importance. Among these enzymes, xylanases and mannanases which play the vital role in the hydrolysis of xylan and mannan, respectively, attracted a great deal of interest. These hemicellulases have got applications in food, feed, bioethanol, pulp and paper, chemical, and beverage producing industries as well as in biorefineries and environmental biotechnology. The great majority of the enzymes used in these applications are optimally active in mildly acidic to neutral range. However, in recent years, alkaline active enzymes have also become increasingly important. This is mainly due to some benefits of utilizing alkaline active hemicellulases over that of neutral or acid active enzymes. One of the advantages is that the alkaline active enzymes are most suitable to applications that require high pH such as Kraft pulp delignification, detergent formulation, and cotton bioscouring. The other benefit is related to the better solubility of hemicelluloses at high pH. Since the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis is often positively correlated to substrate solubility, the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses can be more efficient if performed at high pH. High pH hydrolysis requires the use of alkaline active enzymes. Moreover, alkaline extraction is the most common hemicellulose extraction method, and direct hydrolysis of the alkali-extracted hemicellulose could be of great interest in the valorization of hemicellulose. Direct hydrolysis avoids the time-consuming extensive washing, and neutralization processes required if non-alkaline active enzymes are opted to be used. Furthermore, most alkaline active enzymes are relatively active in a wide range of pH, and at least some of them are significantly or even optimally active in slightly acidic to neutral pH range. Such enzymes can be eligible for non-alkaline applications such as in feed, food, and beverage industries.This chapter largely focuses on the most important alkaline active hemicellulases, endo-β-1,4-xylanases and β-mannanases. It summarizes the relevant catalytic properties, structural features, as well as the real and potential applications of these remarkable hemicellulases in textile, paper and pulp, detergent, feed, food, and prebiotic producing industries. In addition, the chapter depicts the role of these extremozymes in valorization of hemicelluloses to platform chemicals and alike in biorefineries. It also reviews hemicelluloses and discusses their biotechnological importance.
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Yadav P, Maharjan J, Korpole S, Prasad GS, Sahni G, Bhattarai T, Sreerama L. Production, Purification, and Characterization of Thermostable Alkaline Xylanase From Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis NASTPD13. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:65. [PMID: 29868578 PMCID: PMC5962792 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis NASTPD13 used herein as a source for thermostable alkaline xylanase were isolated from Paudwar Hot Springs, Nepal. NASTPD13 cultured at 60°C, pH 7 and in presence of inorganic (ammonium sulfate) or organic (yeast extract) nitrogen sources, produced maximum xylanase enzyme. Xylanase production in the cultures was monitored by following the ability of culture media to hydrolyze beech wood xylan producing xylooligosaccharide and xylose by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The extracellular xylanase was isolated from optimized A. kamchatkensis NASTPD13 cultures by ammonium sulfate (80%) precipitation; the enriched xylanase preparation was dialyzed and purified using Sephadex G100 column chromatography. The purified xylanaseshowed 11-fold enrichment with a specific activity of 33 U/mg and molecular weight were37 kDa based on SDS-PAGE and PAGE-Zymography. The optimum pH and temperature of purified xylanase was 9.0 and 65°C respectively retainingmore than 50% of its maximal activity over a broad range of pH (6–9) and temperature (30–65°C). With beech wood xylan, the enzyme showed Km 0.7 mg/ml and Vmax 66.64 μM/min/mg The xylanase described herein is a secretory enzyme produced in large quantities by NASTPD13 and is a novel thermostable, alkaline xylanase with potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Yadav
- Molecular Biotechnology Unit, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Nepal.,Central Department of Biotechnlogy, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Jyoti Maharjan
- Molecular Biotechnology Unit, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Nepal
| | - Suresh Korpole
- Microbial Type Culture Collection, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gandham S Prasad
- Microbial Type Culture Collection, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Girish Sahni
- Microbial Type Culture Collection, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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Linares-Pastén JA, Aronsson A, Karlsson EN. Structural Considerations on the Use of Endo-Xylanases for the Production of prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides from Biomass. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2018; 19:48-67. [PMID: 27670134 PMCID: PMC5738707 DOI: 10.2174/1389203717666160923155209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) have gained increased interest as prebiotics during the last years. XOS and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) can be produced from major fractions of biomass including agricultural by-products and other low cost raw materials. Endo-xylanases are key enzymes for the production of (A)XOS from xylan. As the xylan structure is broadly diverse due to different substitutions, diverse endo-xylanases have evolved for its degradation. In this review structural and functional aspects are discussed, focusing on the potential applications of endo-xylanases in the production of differently substituted (A)XOS as emerging prebiotics, as well as their implication in the processing of the raw materials. Endo-xylanases are found in at least eight different glycoside hydrolase families (GH), and can either have a retaining or an inverting catalytic mechanism. To date, it is mainly retaining endo-xylanases that are used in applications to produce (A)XOS. Enzymes from these GH-families (mainly GH10 and GH11, and the more recently investigated GH30) are taken as prototypes to discuss substrate preferences and main products obtained. Finally, the need of new and accessory enzymes (new specificities from new families or sources) to increase the yield of different types of (A)XOS is discussed, along with in vitro tests of produced oligosaccharides and production of enzymes in GRAS organisms to facilitate use in functional food manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Aronsson
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Jagtap S, Deshmukh RA, Menon S, Das S. Xylooligosaccharides production by crude microbial enzymes from agricultural waste without prior treatment and their potential application as nutraceuticals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:283-288. [PMID: 28892703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus R1, on submerged fermentation using agricultural residues as carbon source produced extracellular xylanase (152IU/ml after 96h of incubation at 37°C with constant shaking at 100rpm). A maximum yield of 1gm% Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) mixture was obtained after 12h by enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan rich wheat husk without any prior pretreatment using the crude enzyme without any purification. HP-TLC data confirmed the presence of an array of XOS for its prebiotic properties by carrying out studies on ten standard probiotic cultures. Six of ten probiotic cultures were able to utilize XOS produced from agricultural wastes and showed remarkable growth in the media containing XOS as the sole source of carbon. XOS mixture also exhibited concentration dependent anti-oxidant activity. Thus, the results showed that XOS produced from agricultural residues have great prebiotic potential and good antioxidant activity; therefore, it can be used in food-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmili Jagtap
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life-Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | - Rehan Ahmed Deshmukh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life-Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Shylaja Menon
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life-Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Santanu Das
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life-Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
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14
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Cellulase-free-thermo-alkali-solvent-stable xylanase from Bacillus altitudinis DHN8: Over-production through statistical approach, purification and bio-deinking/ bio-bleaching potential. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Bharathiraja S, Suriya J, Krishnan M, Manivasagan P, Kim SK. Production of Enzymes From Agricultural Wastes and Their Potential Industrial Applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 80:125-148. [PMID: 28215322 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis is the significant technique for the conversion of agricultural wastes into valuable products. Agroindustrial wastes such as rice bran, wheat bran, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, and corncob are cheapest and plentifully available natural carbon sources for the production of industrially important enzymes. Innumerable enzymes that have numerous applications in industrial processes for food, drug, textile, and dye use have been produced from different types of microorganisms from agricultural wastes. Utilization of agricultural wastes offers great potential for reducing the production cost and increasing the use of enzymes for industrial purposes. This chapter focuses on economic production of actinobacterial enzymes from agricultural wastes to make a better alternative for utilization of biomass generated in million tons as waste annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bharathiraja
- CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Porto Novo, India
| | - J Suriya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - M Krishnan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - P Manivasagan
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - S-K Kim
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Adigüzel AO, Tunçer M. Production, Characterization and Application of a Xylanase fromStreptomycessp. AOA40 in Fruit Juice and Bakery Industries. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2016.1199383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Kallel F, Driss D, Chaari F, Zouari-Ellouzi S, Chaabouni M, Ghorbel R, Chaabouni SE. Statistical optimization of low-cost production of an acidic xylanase by Bacillus mojavensis UEB-FK: Its potential applications. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Production and optimization of xylooligosaccharides from corncob by Bacillus aerophilus KGJ2 xylanase and its antioxidant potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:595-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Isolation, Production, and Characterization of Thermotolerant Xylanase from Solvent TolerantBacillus vallismortisRSPP-15. INT J POLYM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/986324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty bacterial strains isolated from the soils sample in the presence of organic solvent were screened for xylanase production. Among them, strain RSPP-15 showed the highest xylanase activity which was identified asBacillus vallismortis. The isolate showed maximum xylanase production (3768 U/mL) in the presence of birch wood xylan and beef extract at 55°C pH 7.0 within 48 h of incubation. The enzyme activity and stability were increased 181.5, 153.7, 147.2, 133.6, and 127.9% and 138.2, 119.3, 113.9, 109, and 104.5% in the presence of Co2+, Ca2+, Mg+2, Zn+2, and Fe+3ions (10 mM). Xylanase activity and stability were strongly inhibited in the presence of Hg and Cu ions. The enzyme was also stable in the presence of 30% ofn-dodecane, isooctane,n-decane, xylene, toluene,n-hexane,n-butanol, and cyclohexane, respectively. The presence of benzene, methanol, and ethanol marginally reduced the xylanase stability, respectively. This isolate may be useful in several industrial applications owing to its thermotolerant and organic solvent resistance characteristics.
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20
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Recombination of Thermo-Alkalistable, High Xylooligosaccharides Producing Endo-Xylanase from Thermobifida fusca and Expression in Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1318-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Keskin Gündoğdu T, Deniz İ, Çalışkan G, Şahin ES, Azbar N. Experimental design methods for bioengineering applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:368-88. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.973014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Production of Xylooligosaccharides by Immobilized His-tagged Recombinant Xylanase from Penicillium occitanis on Nickel-Chelate Eupergit C. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:1405-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Gowdhaman D, Manaswini VS, Jayanthi V, Dhanasri M, Jeyalakshmi G, Gunasekar V, Sugumaran KR, Ponnusami V. Xylanase production from Bacillus aerophilus KGJ2 and its application in xylooligosaccharides preparation. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 64:90-8. [PMID: 24296408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Xylanolytic enzyme was produced using a newly isolated Bacillus aerophilus KGJ2 and low cost lignocellulosic sources in solid state fermentation. Seven different agricultural residues (wheat bran, tea dust, saw dust, paper waste, cassava bagasse, rice straw and rice husk) and six nitrogen source namely yeast extract, beef extract, peptone, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, and ammonium chloride were examined for xylanase production. Upon initial screening, wheat bran and ammonium chloride were chosen as suitable carbon source and nitrogen source respectively. Plackett-Burman fractional factorial design was employed to screen the important process variables affecting enzyme production. Substrate concentration, nitrogen source, moisture content and MgSO4·7H2O were identified as statistically significant variables. Subsequently Box-Behnken method was used to optimize the process conditions to achieve maximum xylanase yield. Under optimized conditions xylanase yield was 45.9 U/gds. Best xylanase activity was obtained at 70 °C and pH 4.0. It retained more than 90% activity after incubation at 80-90 °C for 60 min. The hydrolytic efficiency of xylanase on xylan was examined and xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetrose were obtained as hydrolytic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gowdhaman
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
| | - V S Manaswini
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
| | - V Jayanthi
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
| | - M Dhanasri
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
| | - G Jeyalakshmi
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
| | - V Gunasekar
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
| | - K R Sugumaran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
| | - V Ponnusami
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India.
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