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Chen M, Li D, Zhang T, Sun Y, Liu R, Sun T. A mini-review of isolation, purification, structural characteristics and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134572. [PMID: 39122067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the isolation, purification, structural characterization of plant polysaccharides from natural resources have arrested widespread attention. Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem (A. elata) belongs to the Aralia genus of the Araliaceae family, which is one of the most popular edible mountain vegetables in East Asia. A. elata has been widely distributed in China, particularly in Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces in northeast China, in which it has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for thousands of years to treat various diseases, such as hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. A. elata polysaccharides (AEPs) are one of the major active ingredients of A. elata, the monosaccharide composition of which consist primarily of Gal, Glc, Man, Ara, and Rha, with molecular weights ranging from 1.56 × 104 Da to 1.12 × 105 Da. AEPs have attracted worldwide attention owing to their various biological activities, including antioxidant activity, antitumor activity and hepatoprotection. The present review aims to comprehensively summarize the research advances on the polysaccharides isolated from A. elata, including the extraction, separation, physical-chemical properties, structural characteristics, and bioactivities over the past few decades. This review would establish a solid foundation for further development and application in the field of AEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Chen
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology; Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology; Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology; Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology; Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology; Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Tiedong Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Qin Z, Huang M, Zhang X, Hua Y, Zhang X, Li X, Fan C, Li R, Yang J. Structural and in vivo-in vitro myocardial injury protection features of two novel polysaccharides from Allium macrostemon Bunge and Allium chinense G. Don. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130537. [PMID: 38432275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics, in vivo antiatherosclerosis activity, and in vitro myocardial injury protection effects of polysaccharides from Allium macrostemon Bunge and Allium chinense G. Don. Thus, crude polysaccharides of Allium macrostemon Bunge and Allium chinense G. Don significantly reduced serum lipid levels, improved cardiac myocyte morphology and arrangement, and relieved the development of myocardial fibrosis. Meanwhile, the lesion areas of the aorta and aortic valve had evident visual improvements. Furthermore, two main novel purified polysaccharides, namely, AMB-1 and ACGD-1, were isolated and characterized from crude Allium macrostemon Bunge and Allium chinense G. Don fractions, respectively. The purified polysaccharides mainly consisted of fructose and glucose and had molecular weights of 25.22 and 19.53 kDa, respectively. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, methylation, and nuclear magnetic resonance data revealed the primary structures of the AMB1 (or ACGD1) backbone with branched side chains. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that the purified polysaccharides were both piled together in a lamellar or clastic form with a smooth surface along with linear or irregular bulges. Moreover, the purified polysaccharides both showed nontoxicity on H9c2 cells and effectively dropped hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis by the BCL-2/BAX pathway. Overall, the characterization of the structural properties and in vivo and in vitro myocardial injury protection effects of Allium macrostemon Bunge and Allium chinense G. Don polysaccharides enriched our understanding of their nutritional and medicinal values. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the structural characteristics and bioactivities of Allium chinense G. Don polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Meixia Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuzhuo Hua
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xinqiang Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Cailian Fan
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Renfeng Li
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Rathore A, Sharma AK, Murti Y, Bansal S, Kumari V, Snehi V, Kulshreshtha M. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction Disease: A Systematic Review. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:15-38. [PMID: 38685783 PMCID: PMC11327834 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x278881240405044328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI), also referred to as a "heart attack," is brought on by a partial or total interruption of blood supply to the myocardium. Myocardial infarction can be "silent," go undiagnosed, or it can be a catastrophic occurrence that results in hemodynamic decline and untimely death. In recent years, herbal remedies for MI have become effective, secure, and readily accessible. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to examine the medicinal plants and phytochemicals that have been used to treat MI in order to assess the potential contribution of natural substances to the development of herbal MI treatments. METHODOLOGY A literature search was employed to find information utilizing electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci Finder, Reaxys, and Cochrane. RESULTS The identification of 140 plants from 12 families led to the abstraction of data on the plant families, parts of the plant employed, chemical contents, extracts, model used, and dose. CONCLUSION The majority of the MI plants, according to the data, belonged to the Fabaceae (11%) and Asteraceae (9%) families, and the most prevalent natural components in plants with MI were flavonoids (43%), glucosides (25%), alkaloids (23%), phenolic acid (19%), saponins (15%), and tannins (12%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Rathore
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Murti
- G.L.A. University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vibha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Varsha Snehi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayank Kulshreshtha
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dong X, Zhou M, Li Y, Li Y, Ji H, Hu Q. Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Plant Polysaccharides: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:783641. [PMID: 34867415 PMCID: PMC8639026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.783641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a kind of heart, brain, and blood vessel injury disease by the interaction of various pathological factors. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is complex with various risk factors, including abnormally elevated blood pressure, glucose, and lipid metabolism disorders, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, etc. Plant polysaccharides are a special class of natural products derived from plant resources, which have the characteristics of wide sources, diverse biological activities, and low toxicity or side effects. Many studies have shown that plant polysaccharides improve cardiovascular diseases through various mechanisms such as anti-oxidative stress, restoring the metabolism of biological macromolecules, regulating the apoptosis cascade to reduce cell apoptosis, and inhibiting inflammatory signal pathways to alleviate inflammation. This article reviews the pharmacological effects and protective mechanisms of some plant polysaccharides in modulating the cardiovascular system, which is beneficial for developing more effective drugs with low side effects for management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengze Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yehong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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XIA YG, ZHU RJ, SHEN Y, LIANG J, KUANG HX. A high methyl ester pectin polysaccharide from the root bark of Aralia elata: Structural identification and biological activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:1206-1217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Increasing longevity, along with an aging population in Europe, has caused serious concerns about diet-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. As recently noted during the coronavirus pandemic, regular exercise and a robust immune system complemented by adequate consumption of fruit and vegetables are recommended due to their known health benefits. Although the volume of fresh vegetable consumption in the EU is barely growing, demand for diversified, nutritious, and exotic vegetables has been increasing. Therefore, the European market for fresh Asian vegetables is expected to expand across the EU member states, and the introduction of new vegetables has enormous potential. We conducted this review to address the high number and wide range of Asian vegetable species with a commercial potential for introduction into the current European vegetable market. Many of them have not received any attention yet. Four Asian vegetables: (1) Korean ginseng sprout, (2) Korean cabbage, (3) Coastal hog fennel and (4) Japanese (Chinese or Korean) angelica tree, are further discussed. All of these vegetables possess several health benefits, are increasingly in demand, are easy to cultivate, and align with current trends of the European vegetable market, e.g., vegetables having a unique taste, higher value, are decorative and small. Introducing Asian vegetables will enhance the diversity of nutritious horticultural products in Europe, associated with all their respective consumption benefits. Future research on the Asian vegetable market within Europe is needed. In addition, experimental studies of Asian vegetables under practical conditions for their production in different European environments are required. Economic, social, and ecological aspects also ought to be considered.
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Ganoderic acid A alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by regulating JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106543. [PMID: 32353688 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of GanodericacidA (GA) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury. The myocardial injury model in rats was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery. We measured cardiac hemodynamic, antioxidant enzyme activity, and various biochemical indexes of myocardial tissue, and evaluated myocardial infarction and damage. Further, the expression of JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in myocardial tissue was measured by western blot. The results showed that the myocardial infarction extention was obviously reduced upon GA treatment. Compared with the control group, ischemia-reperfusion rats showed significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine Kinase (CK), which were significantly decreased in GA group. Besides, GA pretreatment effectively decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum. The phosphorylation of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3)and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in reperfusion group were significantly higher than that in control group, which were reversed upon GA treatment. In conclusion, GA may reduce myocardial injury by regulating JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB pathway.
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8
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Tian YQ, Zhao HT, Zhang XL, Zhang WT, Liu XC, Gao SH. Comparison of different extraction techniques and optimization of the microwave-assisted extraction of saponins from Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem fruits and rachises. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Luo Y, Lu S, Gao Y, Yang K, Wu D, Xu X, Sun G, Sun X. Araloside C attenuates atherosclerosis by modulating macrophage polarization via Sirt1-mediated autophagy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1704-1724. [PMID: 31986489 PMCID: PMC7053643 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease is still the predominant cause of death worldwide. Araloside C (AsC), a natural saponin, exerts extensive anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we explored the protective effects and mechanism of AsC on macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis in vivo and in vitro. Using a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mouse model and RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to ox-LDL, AsC was evaluated for its effects on polarization and autophagy. AsC significantly reduced the plaque area in atherosclerotic mice and lipid accumulation in ox-LDL-treated macrophages, promoted M2 phenotype macrophage polarization, increased the number of autophagosomes and modulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Moreover, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine and BECN1 siRNA obviously abolished the antiatherosclerotic and M2 macrophage polarization effects of AsC. Mechanistically, AsC targeted Sirt1and increased its expression, and this increase in expression was associated with increased autophagy and M2 phenotype polarization. In contrast, the effects of AsC were markedly blocked by EX527 and Sirt1 siRNA. Altogether, AsC attenuates foam cell formation and lessens atherosclerosis by modulating macrophage polarization via Sirt1-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daoshun Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Xia YG, Wang TL, Yu SM, Liang J, Kuang HX. Structural characteristics and hepatoprotective potential of Aralia elata root bark polysaccharides and their effects on SCFAs produced by intestinal flora metabolism. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 207:256-265. [PMID: 30600007 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural characteristics of the polysaccharides from Aralia elata root barks (AERP) were systematically investigated by FT-IR, HPSEC-ELSD and colorimetric methods as well as by GCMS based monosaccharide compositions, Smith degradations, and methylation analysis. The result showed average molecular weights of AERP were between 42.7 kDa and 93.9 kDa. AERP was composed of Ara, Rha, GlcA, Man, Glc, and Gal in a molar ratio of 22.2: 10.3: 8.1: 32.7: 5.7: 21.2 along with a small number of sulfate (3.38%) and acetyl (4.87%) groups. The abundant glycosidic linkages of Man, Ara, Gal, and Rha were observed as more than 90% of all the monosaccharides detected. Studies to evaluate hepatoprotective potentials of AERP showed that they had potent hepatoprotective effects in vivo in carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury (CIALI) in mice by histopathological evaluation, biochemical examinations and ELISA assays. GCMS was further used to determine the effects of AERP on the chemical profiles of nine common short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by intestinal flora metabolism in CIALI mice. These findings not only provide novel insights into the pharmacological actions of AERP on the protection from CIALI in mice, but they also demonstrate that determining SCFA profiles by targeted GC-MS metabolomics is an effective technique to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the effects of plant polysaccharides on intestinal flora metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Tian-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Si-Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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11
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Yang Y, Yang M, Ai F, Huang C. Cardioprotective Effect of Aloe vera Biomacromolecules Conjugated with Selenium Trace Element on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 177:345-352. [PMID: 27873288 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cardioprotection potential and underlying molecular mechanism afforded by a selenium (Se) polysaccharide (Se-AVP) from Aloe vera in the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model of rats in vivo. Myocardial I/R injury was induced by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 30 min followed by 2-h continuous reperfusion. Pretreatment with Se-AVP (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) attenuated myocardial damage, as evidenced by reduction of the infarct sizes, increase in serum and myocardial endogenous antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and catalase (CAT)), and decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the rats suffering I/R injury. This cardioprotective activity afforded by Se-AVP is further supported by the decreased levels of cardiac marker enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as the rise of myocardial Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities in I/R rats. Additionally, cardiomyocytic apoptosis was measured by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and the result showed that the percent of TUNEL-positive cells in myocardium of Se-AVP-treated groups was lower than I/R rats. In conclusion, we clearly demonstrated that Se-AVP had a protective effect against myocardial I/R injury in rats by augmenting endogenous antioxidants and protecting rat hearts from oxidative stress-induced myocardial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Network Medical, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Network Medical, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Fen Ai
- Emergency Department, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Zhang J, Liu R, Kuang HY, Gao XY, Liu HL. Protective treatments and their target retinal ganglion cells in diabetic retinopathy. Brain Res Bull 2017; 132:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Su HH, Chu YC, Liao JM, Wang YH, Jan MS, Lin CW, Wu CY, Tseng CY, Yen JC, Huang SS. Phellinus linteus Mycelium Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through Autophagic Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:175. [PMID: 28420993 PMCID: PMC5378821 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is rapidly increasing around the world and this disease is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. It is known that regulation of programmed cell death including apoptosis and autophagy reduces the impact of myocardial IR injury. In this study, the cardioprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of Phellinus linteus (Berk. and Curt.) Teng, Hymenochaetaceae (PL), a type of medicinal mushroom, were examined in rats subjected to myocardial IR injury. The left main coronary artery of rats was ligated for 1 h and reperfused for 3 h. The arrhythmia levels were monitored during the entire process and the infarct size was evaluated after myocardial IR injury. Furthermore, the expression levels of proteins in apoptotic and autophagic pathways were observed. Pretreatment with PL mycelium (PLM) significantly reduced ventricular arrhythmia and mortality due to myocardial IR injury. PLM also significantly decreased myocardial infarct size and plasma lactate dehydrogenase level after myocardial IR injury. Moreover, PLM administration resulted in decreased caspase 3 and caspase 9 activation and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Phosphorylation level of AMPK was elevated while mTOR level was reduced. Becline-1 and p62 levels decreased. These findings suggest that PLM is effective in protecting the myocardium against IR injury. The mechanism involves mediation through suppressed pro-apoptotic signaling and regulation of autophagic signaling, including stimulation of AMPK-dependent pathway and inhibition of beclin-1-dependent pathway, resulting in enhancement of protective autophagy and inhibition of excessive autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Hui Su
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiuan-Miaw Liao
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Jan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan.,Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yeh Wu
- Department of Culinary Arts, Chung Chou University of Science and TechnologyChanghua, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yin Tseng
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and TechnologyChanghua, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Cherng Yen
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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14
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The protective effect of herbal polysaccharides on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:431-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of the codrug of Leonurine and Aspirin as cardioprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4650-4654. [PMID: 27575471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The novel codrugs of Leonurine and Aspirin, compounds 545 and 503 have been synthesized and evaluated on their cardioprotective effects. Preliminary pharmacological studies showed that both compounds 545 and 503 were able to increase cell viability of hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells, and compound 545 exhibited at least ten fold potency than 503 and their parent drugs (Leonurine and Aspirin). Further mechanisms studies indicated that the cardioprotective effect of 545 due to its (1) anti-oxidative ability by increasing SOD and CAT enzymes activity and decreasing MDA content and LDH leakage rate, (2) anti-apoptosis activity by regulating apoptosis-associated proteins expression during hypoxia, (3) anti-inflammatory effect by suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators. All of these results demonstrate that compound 545 as a new class of Leonurine analogue could be a drug candidate in our further drug development studies.
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16
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GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Aralia elata. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Yan B, Jing L, Wang J. A polysaccharide (PNPA) from Pleurotus nebrodensis offers cardiac protection against ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 133:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Yan J, Duan J, Wu X, Guo C, Yin Y, Zhu Y, Hu T, Wei G, Wen A, Xi M. Total saponins from Aralia taibaiensis protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through AMPK pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1538-46. [PMID: 26498380 PMCID: PMC4678162 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It was previously shown that total saponins extracted from Aralia taibaiensis (sAT) have potent antioxidant activities for treating diabetes mellitus and attenuate D-galactose-induced aging. Since diabetes mellitus and aging are closely associated with cardiac dysfunction, particularly ischemic heart disease, sAT may have potential protective activity against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). However, the anti-MI/RI effects of sAT have yet to be examined, and the possible molecular mechanisms remain to be determined. The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-MI/RI activities of sAT and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects in rats using TUNEL and Hoechst 33258 staining. The results confirmed the cardioprotective effects in vivo and elucidated the potential molecular mechanisms of sAT in vitro. Pretreatment with sAT significantly reduced infarct size, decreased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in the serum and blocked apoptosis. In addition, sAT inhibited A/R-induced apoptosis by decreasing DNA strand breaks, caspase-3 activity and cytochrome c release in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, sAT markedly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl CoA carboxylase and elevated the Bcl2/Bcl-2-associated X protein ratio. These effects were blocked by compound C. The results suggested that sAT pretreatment exerts protective effects on myocardial cells in vitro and in vivo against MI/RI-induced apoptosis by activating AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tianxin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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