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Ma Z, Elango J, Hao J, Wu W. Purification and Characterization of a Novel Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Marine Bacterium Bacillus sp. S-3685 Isolated from the South China Sea. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:267. [PMID: 38921578 PMCID: PMC11204972 DOI: 10.3390/md22060267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel fibrinolytic enzyme, BSFE1, was isolated from the marine bacterium Bacillus sp. S-3685 (GenBank No.: KJ023685) found in the South China Sea. This enzyme, with a molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa and a specific activity of 736.4 U/mg, exhibited its highest activity at 37 °C in a phosphate buffer at pH 8.0. The fibrinolytic enzyme remained stable over a pH range of 7.5 to 10.0 and retained about 76% of its activity after being incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. The Km and Vmax values of the enzyme at 37 °C were determined to be 2.1 μM and 49.0 μmol min-1 mg-1, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of BSFE1 was enhanced by Na+, Ba2+, K+, Co2+, Mn2+, Al3+, and Cu2+, while it was inhibited by Fe3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+. These findings indicate that the fibrinolytic enzyme isolated in this study exhibits a strong affinity for fibrin. Moreover, the enzyme we have purified demonstrates thrombolytic enzymatic activity. These characteristics make BSFE1 a promising candidate for thrombolytic therapy. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study suggest that our work holds potential in the development of agents for thrombolytic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibin Ma
- School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Taizhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Taizhou 318020, China;
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
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2
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Silva TAFDA, Silva PEDACE, Nascimento TP, Costa RMPB, Converti A, Porto ALF, Bezerra RP. Cost-effective fibrinolytic enzyme production by microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta using medium supplemented with corn steep liquor. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220552. [PMID: 37585969 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A fibrinolytic enzyme from the microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta was produced under mixotrophic conditions using different corn steep liquor (CSL) concentrations ( 0 ≤ CLS ≤ 0.75%), purified using a combination of salting out and ion-exchange chromatography, and then biochemical characterized. Cultivation of this microalga using 0.5% CSL led to the highest maximum cell concentration (1.960±0.010 mg L-1) and cell productivity (0.140g L-1 day-1), besides a high fibrinolytic activity of the extract obtained by the homogenization method (102 ±1 U mL-1). The enzyme extracted from the microalgal biomass was 5-fold purified with a 20% yield and was found to have a specific activity of 670 U mg-1. The enzyme, whose molecular weight determined by fibrin zymography was 10 kDa, was shown to be stable at pH 3.0-9.0 and up to 70°C with optimal pH and temperature values of 8.0 and 50°C, respectively. When compared to other fibrinolytic enzymes, this protease stood out for its high fibrinolytic activity, which was enhanced by Fe2+, inhibited by Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, and strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, suggesting that it belongs to the serine metalloprotease family. Moreover, thanks to its thermal stability, the enzyme may be easily preserved and activated under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túlio A F DA Silva
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., s/n, Dois irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Páblo E DA C E Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Prof. Moraes Ave., s/n, Várzea, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Nascimento
- Federal University of Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Br 135, Km 3, Planalto Horizonte, 64900-000 Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - Romero M P B Costa
- University of Pernambuco-UPE, Institute of Biological Sciences, 310, Arnóbio Marquês St., Santo Amaro, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- University of Genoa, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, via Opera Pia 15, 16145, 50100-130 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ana Lúcia F Porto
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., s/n, Dois irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Prof. Moraes Ave., s/n, Várzea, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel P Bezerra
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., s/n, Dois irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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3
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Purification, biochemical characterization and fibrinolytic potential of proteases produced by bacteria of the genus Bacillus: a systematic literature review. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:503. [PMID: 35852634 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a hematological disorder characterized by the formation of intravascular thrombi, which contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Fibrinolytic enzymes are proteases that promote the hydrolysis of fibrin, promoting the dissolution of thrombi, contributing to the maintenance of adequate blood flow. The characterization of new effective, safe and low-cost fibrinolytic agents is an important strategy for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. However, the development of new fibrinolytics requires the use of complex methodologies for purification, physicochemical characterization and evaluation of the action potential and toxicity of these enzymes. In this context, microbial enzymes produced by bacteria of the Bacillus genus are promising and widely researched sources to produce new fibrinolytics, with high thrombolytic potential and reduced toxicity. Thus, this review aims to provide a current and comprehensive understanding of the different Bacillus species used for the production of fibrinolytic proteases, highlighting the purification techniques, biochemical characteristics, enzymatic activity and toxicological evaluations used.
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4
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Marine Microbial Fibrinolytic Enzymes: An Overview of Source, Production, Biochemical Properties and Thrombolytic Activity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010046. [PMID: 35049901 PMCID: PMC8779250 DOI: 10.3390/md20010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have emerged as a major threat to global health resulting in a decrease in life expectancy with respect to humans. Thrombosis is one of the foremost causes of CVDs, and it is characterized by the unwanted formation of fibrin clots. Recently, microbial fibrinolytic enzymes due to their specific features have gained much more attention than conventional thrombolytic agents for the treatment of thrombosis. Marine microorganisms including bacteria and microalgae have the significant ability to produce fibrinolytic enzymes with improved pharmacological properties and lesser side effects and, hence, are considered as prospective candidates for large scale production of these enzymes. There are no studies that have evaluated the fibrinolytic potential of marine fungal-derived enzymes. The current review presents an outline regarding isolation sources, production, features, and thrombolytic potential of fibrinolytic biocatalysts from marine microorganisms identified so far.
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5
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Diwan D, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Nelson JW, Thakur VK, Christie G, Molina G, Gupta VK. Thrombolytic Enzymes of Microbial Origin: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10468. [PMID: 34638809 PMCID: PMC8508633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme therapies are attracting significant attention as thrombolytic drugs during the current scenario owing to their great affinity, specificity, catalytic activity, and stability. Among various sources, the application of microbial-derived thrombolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes to prevent and treat vascular occlusion is promising due to their advantageous cost-benefit ratio and large-scale production. Thrombotic complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and peripheral occlusive diseases resulting from blood vessel blockage are the major cause of poor prognosis and mortality. Given the ability of microbial thrombolytic enzymes to dissolve blood clots and prevent any adverse effects, their use as a potential thrombolytic therapy has attracted great interest. A better understanding of the hemostasis and fibrinolytic system may aid in improving the efficacy and safety of this treatment approach over classical thrombolytic agents. Here, we concisely discuss the physiological mechanism of thrombus formation, thrombo-, and fibrinolysis, thrombolytic and fibrinolytic agents isolated from bacteria, fungi, and algae along with their mode of action and the potential application of microbial enzymes in thrombosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Diwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (D.D.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science & Technology, Techno City, Killing Road, Baridua 9th Mile 793101, Meghalaya, India; (Z.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science & Technology, Techno City, Killing Road, Baridua 9th Mile 793101, Meghalaya, India; (Z.U.); (M.S.)
| | - James W. Nelson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (D.D.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK;
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Graham Christie
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
| | - Gustavo Molina
- Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil;
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK;
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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6
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Altaf F, Wu S, Kasim V. Role of Fibrinolytic Enzymes in Anti-Thrombosis Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:680397. [PMID: 34124160 PMCID: PMC8194080 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.680397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis, a major cause of deaths in this modern era responsible for 31% of all global deaths reported by WHO in 2017, is due to the aggregation of fibrin in blood vessels which leads to myocardial infarction or other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Classical agents such as anti-platelet, anti-coagulant drugs or other enzymes used for thrombosis treatment at present could leads to unwanted side effects including bleeding complication, hemorrhage and allergy. Furthermore, their high cost is a burden for patients, especially for those from low and middle-income countries. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel and low-cost drugs for thrombosis treatment. Fibrinolytic enzymes, including plasmin like proteins such as proteases, nattokinase, and lumbrokinase, as well as plasminogen activators such as urokinase plasminogen activator, and tissue-type plasminogen activator, could eliminate thrombi with high efficacy rate and do not have significant drawbacks by directly degrading the fibrin. Furthermore, they could be produced with high-yield and in a cost-effective manner from microorganisms as well as other sources. Hence, they have been considered as potential compounds for thrombosis therapy. Herein, we will discuss about natural mechanism of fibrinolysis and thrombus formation, the production of fibrinolytic enzymes from different sources and their application as drugs for thrombosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Altaf
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Vivi Kasim
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Barros PDSD, Silva PECE, Nascimento TP, Costa RMPB, Bezerra RP, Porto ALF. Fibrinolytic enzyme from Arthrospira platensis cultivated in medium culture supplemented with corn steep liquor. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3446-3453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Saeed H, Hemida A, El-Nikhely N, Abdel-Fattah M, Shalaby M, Hussein A, Eldoksh A, Ataya F, Aly N, Labrou N, Nematalla H. Highly efficient Pyrococcus furiosus recombinant L-asparaginase with no glutaminase activity: Expression, purification, functional characterization, and cytotoxicity on THP-1, A549 and Caco-2 cell lines. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:812-828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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D'Souza DH, Bhattacharya S, Das A. Fibrinolytic protease from Bacillus cereus S46: Purification, characterization, and evaluation of its in vitro thrombolytic potential. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:661-668. [PMID: 32515847 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular thrombosis is a prime cause of cardiac complications worldwide. Microbial fibrinolytic proteases are of clinical significance in thrombosis treatment. The present study discusses the purification and characterization of a protease from Bacillus cereus S46, ascertaining its in vitro thrombolytic activity against a blood clot. By the three-step purification involving precipitation, dialysis, and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, a 12.37-fold purification of the enzyme to homogeneity was achieved. The apparent molecular mass of the protease was 30 kDa, as found by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum activity of the enzyme was observed at pH 8.0 and 40°C. The enzyme retained an 82.19% residual activity at pH 8.0 and 40°C for 1 h. The Km and Vmax values of the protease with casein were 0.0027 mM and 9.712 µmol/min, respectively. In an in vitro assay, the purified protease resulted in 97.02% lysis of the blood clot. The fibrinolytic potential of the enzyme, together with its characteristics of being active and stable under near-physiological conditions, may suggest its application as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desrie H D'Souza
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sourav Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arijit Das
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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10
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Sharma C, Salem GEM, Sharma N, Gautam P, Singh R. Thrombolytic Potential of Novel Thiol-Dependent Fibrinolytic Protease from Bacillus cereus RSA1. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E3. [PMID: 31861284 PMCID: PMC7022875 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the production and thrombolytic potential of a novel thermostable thiol-dependent fibrinolytic protease by Bacillus cereus RSA1. Statistical optimization of different parameters was accomplished with Plackett-Burman design and validated further by central composite design with 30.75 U/mL protease production. Precipitation and chromatographic approaches resulted in 33.11% recovery with 2.32-fold purification. The molecular weight of fibrinolytic protease was 40 KDa and it exhibited a broad temperature and pH stability range of 20-80 °C and pH 5-10 with utmost activity at 50 °C and pH 8, respectively. The protease retained its fibrinolytic activity in organic solvents and enhanced the activity in solutions with divalent cations (Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+). The enzyme kinetics revealed Km and Vmax values of 1.093 mg/mL and 52.39 µg/mL/min, respectively, indicating higher affinity of fibrinolytic activity towards fibrin. Also, complete inhibition of fibrinolytic activity with DFP and a 2-fold increase with DTT and β-mercaptoethanol indicates its thiol-dependent serine protease nature. MALDI-TOF analysis showed 56% amino acid sequence homology with Subtilisin NAT OS = Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto. The fibrinolysis activity was compared with a commercial thrombolytic agent for its therapeutic applicability, and fibrinolytic protease was found highly significant with absolute blood clot dissolution within 4 h in in vitro conditions. The isolated fibrinolytic protease of Bacillus cereus RSA1 is novel and different from other known fibrinolytic proteases with high stability and efficacy, which might have wide medicinal and industrial application as a thrombolytic agent and in blood stain removal, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (C.S.)
| | - Gad Elsayed Mohamed Salem
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (C.S.)
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa st., Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Neha Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (C.S.)
| | - Prerna Gautam
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (C.S.)
| | - Rajni Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (C.S.)
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11
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Production, characterization and optimization of fibrinolytic protease from Bacillus pseudomycoides strain MA02 isolated from poultry slaughter house soils. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Pan S, Chen G, Wu R, Cao X, Liang Z. Non-sterile Submerged Fermentation of Fibrinolytic Enzyme by Marine Bacillus subtilis Harboring Antibacterial Activity With Starvation Strategy. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1025. [PMID: 31156576 PMCID: PMC6533532 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial fibrinolytic enzyme is a promising candidate for thrombolytic therapy. Non-sterile production of fibrinolytic enzyme by marine Bacillus subtilis D21-8 under submerged fermentation was realized at a mild temperature of 34°C, using a unique combination of starvation strategy and self-production of antibacterial agents. A medium composed of 18.5 g/L glucose, 6.3 g/L yeast extract, 7.9 g/L tryptone, and 5 g/L NaCl was achieved by conventional and statistical methods. Results showed efficient synthesis of fibrinolytic enzyme and antibacterial compounds required the presence of both yeast extract and tryptone in the medium. At shake-flask level, the non-sterile optimized medium resulted in higher productivity of fibrinolytic enzyme than the sterile one, with an enhanced yield of 3,129 U/mL and a production cost reduced by 24%. This is the first report dealing with non-sterile submerged fermentation of fibrinolytic enzyme, which may facilitate the development of feasible techniques for non-sterile production of raw materials for the preparation of potential drugs with low operation cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Guiguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiqun Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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13
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Wu R, Chen G, Pan S, Zeng J, Liang Z. Cost-effective fibrinolytic enzyme production by Bacillus subtilis WR350 using medium supplemented with corn steep powder and sucrose. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6824. [PMID: 31048760 PMCID: PMC6497689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop a cheap and simple medium and to optimize fermentation parameters for fibrinolytic enzyme production by Bacillus subtilis WR350. A low-cost medium containing 35 g/L sucrose, 20 g/L corn steep powder and 2 g/L MgSO4·7H2O was developed via single-factor and orthogonal experiments. A cheap nitrogen source, corn steep powder, was used to replace the soy peptone present in the initial medium. The highest fibrinolytic activity of 5865 U/mL was achieved using the optimized medium in a 100-L fermenter with an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm and an agitation speed of 200 rpm. The resulting enzyme yield was among the highest described in the literature with respect to fibrinolytic activity, as determined by the fibrin plate method. Techno-economic evaluation indicated that the cost of the optimized medium was only 8.5% of the cost of the initial medium, and the total fermentation cost of fibrinolytic enzyme production using the optimized medium was 23.35% of the cost of using the initial medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology; College of Life Science and Technology; Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Guiguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology; College of Life Science and Technology; Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shihan Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology; College of Life Science and Technology; Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology; College of Life Science and Technology; Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqun Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology; College of Life Science and Technology; Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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14
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Pan S, Chen G, Zeng J, Cao X, Zheng X, Zeng W, Liang Z. Fibrinolytic enzyme production from low-cost substrates by marine Bacillus subtilis: Process optimization and kinetic modeling. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Expression and Functional Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recombinant l.Asparaginase. Protein J 2018; 37:461-471. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Purwaeni E, Darojatin I, Riani C, Retnoningrum DS. Bacterial Fibrinolytic Enzyme Coding Sequences from Indonesian Traditional Fermented Foods Isolated Using Metagenomic Approach and Their Expression in Escherichia Coli. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2017.1413986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eni Purwaeni
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ilma Darojatin
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Catur Riani
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Debbie Soefie Retnoningrum
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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17
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Production of Fibrinolytic Enzyme by the Marine Isolate Serratia marcescens subsp. sakuensis and its In-vitro Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Potential. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.4.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Purification, biochemical, and structural characterization of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1209-1219. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of a New Phenylboronic-Modified Affinity Medium for Metalloprotease Purification. Mar Drugs 2016; 15:md15010005. [PMID: 28036010 PMCID: PMC5295225 DOI: 10.3390/md15010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteases are emerging as useful agents in the treatment of many diseases including arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and fibrosis. Studies that could shed light on the metalloprotease pharmaceutical applications require the pure enzyme. Here, we reported the structure-based design and synthesis of the affinity medium for the efficient purification of metalloprotease using the 4-aminophenylboronic acid (4-APBA) as affinity ligand, which was coupled with Sepharose 6B via cyanuric chloride as spacer. The molecular docking analysis showed that the boron atom was interacting with the hydroxyl group of Ser176 residue, whereas the hydroxyl group of the boronic moiety is oriented toward Leu175 and His177 residues. In addition to the covalent bond between the boron atom and hydroxyl group of Ser176, the spacer between boronic acid derivatives and medium beads contributes to the formation of an enzyme-medium complex. With this synthesized medium, we developed and optimized a one-step purification procedure and applied it for the affinity purification of metalloproteases from three commercial enzyme products. The native metalloproteases were purified to high homogeneity with more than 95% purity. The novel purification method developed in this work provides new opportunities for scientific, industrial and pharmaceutical projects.
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20
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Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme from the food-grade fungus, Neurospora sitophila. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Velusamy P, Pachaiappan R, Christopher M, Vaseeharan B, Anbu P, So JS. Isolation and identification of a novel fibrinolytic Bacillus tequilensis CWD-67 from dumping soils enriched with poultry wastes. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2016; 61:241-7. [PMID: 26782654 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.61.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A newly isolated strain, CWD-67, which exhibited high fibrinolytic activity, was screened from dumping soils enriched with poultry wastes. The strain was identified as Bacillus tequilensis (KF897935) by 16Sr RNA gene sequence analysis and biochemical characterization. A fibrinolytic enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant using ammonium sulfate precipitation, membrane concentration, dialysis, ion-exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 22 kDa, which is the lowest among Bacillus fibrinolytic enzymes reported to date. The purified enzyme was confirmed to have fibrinolytic activity by a fibrin zymogram. The optimal pH and temperature values of the enzyme were 8.0 and 45 °C, respectively. The enzyme was completely inhibited by PMSF and significantly inhibited by EDTA, TPCK, Co(2+), Zn(2+), and Cu(2+), suggesting a chymotrypsin-like serine metalloprotease. In vitro assays revealed that the purified enzyme could catalyze fibrin lysis effectively, indicating that this enzyme could be a useful fibrinolytic agent.
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22
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Lima RN, Porto ALM. Recent Advances in Marine Enzymes for Biotechnological Processes. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 78:153-92. [PMID: 27452170 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, new trends in the food and pharmaceutical industries have increased concern for the quality and safety of products. The use of biocatalytic processes using marine enzymes has become an important and useful natural product for biotechnological applications. Bioprocesses using biocatalysts like marine enzymes (fungi, bacteria, plants, animals, algae, etc.) offer hyperthermostability, salt tolerance, barophilicity, cold adaptability, chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity. Currently, enzymatic methods are used to produce a large variety of products that humans consume, and the specific nature of the enzymes including processing under mild pH and temperature conditions result in fewer unwanted side-effects and by-products. This offers high selectivity in industrial processes. The marine habitat has been become increasingly studied because it represents a huge source potential biocatalysts. Enzymes include oxidoreductases, hydrolases, transferases, isomerases, ligases, and lyases that can be used in food and pharmaceutical applications. Finally, recent advances in biotechnological processes using enzymes of marine organisms (bacterial, fungi, algal, and sponges) are described and also our work on marine organisms from South America, especially marine-derived fungi and bacteria involved in biotransformations and biodegradation of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Lima
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A L M Porto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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23
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Characterization of a salt-activated protease with temperature-dependent secretion in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia FF11 isolated from frozen Antarctic krill. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:829-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Seafood is sometimes wasted due to the growth of psychrotolerant microbes which secrete proteases and break down proteins. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia FF11, isolated from frozen Antarctic krill, grows at a wide range of temperatures and secretes more proteases at low temperatures. According to zymogram analysis, two kinds of proteases were produced from this strain. A major protease was produced largely at 15 °C, but not at 37 °C. The temperature-dependent secreted protease was purified to homogeneity. Its molecular mass was determined at 37.4 kDa and its amino acid sequence was also obtained. This protease is a member of the subtilase group according to the NCBI blast analysis. The enzyme was highly stable at high salt concentration (4 M). Interestingly, its activity increased about 1.6-fold under high salt condition. The enzyme remains active and stable in different organic solvents (50 %, v/v) such as dimethylsulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, dioxane and acetone. These properties may provide potential applications in quality control for sea foods, in protein degradation at high salt concentration, in biocatalysis and biotransformation within non-aqueous media, such as detergent and transesterification.
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24
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Husain I, Sharma A, Kumar S, Malik F. Purification and Characterization of Glutaminase Free Asparaginase from Enterobacter cloacae: In-Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxic Potential against Human Myeloid Leukemia HL-60 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148877. [PMID: 26891220 PMCID: PMC4758734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparaginase is an important antileukemic agent extensively used worldwide but the intrinsic glutaminase activity of this enzymatic drug is responsible for serious life threatening side effects. Hence, glutaminase free asparaginase is much needed for upgradation of therapeutic index of asparaginase therapy. In the present study, glutaminase free asparaginase produced from Enterobacter cloacae was purified to apparent homogeneity. The purified enzyme was found to be homodimer of approximately 106 kDa with monomeric size of approximately 52 kDa and pI 4.5. Purified enzyme showed optimum activity between pH 7-8 and temperature 35-40°C, which is close to the internal environment of human body. Monovalent cations such as Na+ and K+ enhanced asparaginase activity whereas divalent and trivalent cations, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Fe3+ inhibited the enzyme activity. Kinetic parameters Km, Vmax and Kcat of purified enzyme were found to be 1.58×10-3 M, 2.22 IU μg-1 and 5.3 × 104 S-1, respectively. Purified enzyme showed prolonged in vitro serum (T1/2 = ~ 39 h) and trypsin (T1/2 = ~ 32 min) half life, which is therapeutically remarkable feature. The cytotoxic activity of enzyme was examined against a panel of human cancer cell lines, HL-60, MOLT-4, MDA-MB-231 and T47D, and highest cytotoxicity observed against HL-60 cells (IC50 ~ 3.1 IU ml-1), which was comparable to commercial asparaginase. Cell and nuclear morphological studies of HL-60 cells showed that on treatment with purified asparaginase symptoms of apoptosis were increased in dose dependent manner. Cell cycle progression analysis indicates that enzyme induces apoptosis by cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Mitochondrial membrane potential loss showed that enzyme also triggers the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Furthermore, the enzyme was found to be nontoxic for human noncancerous cells FR-2 and nonhemolytic for human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Husain
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
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25
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Purification and characterization of glutaminase free asparaginase from Pseudomonas otitidis: Induce apoptosis in human leukemia MOLT-4 cells. Biochimie 2016; 121:38-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Shakambari G, Birendranarayan AK, Angelaa Lincy MJ, Rai SK, Ahamed QT, Ashokkumar B, Saravanan M, Mahesh A, Varalakshmi P. Hemocompatible glutaminase free l-asparaginase from marine Bacillus tequilensis PV9W with anticancer potential modulating p53 expression. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaminase free l-asparaginase from a marine isolate Bacillus tequilensis PV9W: production, purification, characterization and its biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshan Shakambari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology
- School of Biotechnology
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai
- India
| | | | | | - Sameer Kumar Rai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology
- School of Biotechnology
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai
- India
| | - Quazi Taushif Ahamed
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering (BSBE)
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur
- India
| | | | - Matheshwaran Saravanan
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering (BSBE)
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur
- India
| | - Ayyavu Mahesh
- School of Biological Sciences
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai 625 021
- India
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology
- School of Biotechnology
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai
- India
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27
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Kasabe PJ, Mali GT, Dandge PB. Assessment of alkaline cholesterol oxidase purified from Rhodococcus sp. PKPD-CL for its halo tolerance, detergent and organic solvent stability. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 116:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Jhample SB, Bhagwat PK, Dandge PB. Statistical media optimization for enhanced production of fibrinolytic enzyme from newly isolated Proteus penneri SP-20. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Vijayaraghavan P, Prakash Vincent SG. A low cost fermentation medium for potential fibrinolytic enzyme production by a newly isolated marine bacterium, Shewanella sp. IND20. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 28626723 PMCID: PMC5466069 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Agro-residues were used as the substrate for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme in solid state fermentation. In this study, two-level full factorial design (25) and response surface methodology were applied to optimize a fermentation medium for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme from the marine isolate Shewanella sp. IND20. The 25 factorial design demonstrated that the physical factors (pH and moisture) and nutrient factors (trehalose, casein, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate) had significant effect on fibrinolytic enzyme production. Central composite design was employed to search for the optimal concentration of the three factors, namely moisture, pH, and trehalose, and the experimental results were fitted with a second-order polynomial model at 99% level (p < 0.0001). The optimized medium showed 2751 U/mL of fibrinolytic activity, which was 2.5-fold higher than unoptimized medium. The molecular weight of fibrinolytic enzyme was found to be 55.5 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature were 8.0 and 50 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vijayaraghavan
- International Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam 629 502, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S G Prakash Vincent
- International Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam 629 502, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
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30
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Tian Z, Li B, Guo L, Wu M, Fu T, Cheng H, Zhu H. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme, PSLTro01, from a medicinal animal Porcellio scaber Latreille. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 80:536-46. [PMID: 26123818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel protease, named PSLTro01, with fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activity was isolated from Porcellio scaber Latreille and was purified by a combination of hollow fibre membrane molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. PSLTro01 is a single-chain protein with a molecular mass of 38,497 Da as estimated by non-reduced SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS spectrometry, and its N-terminal 15 amino acid sequence was determined as DINGGGATLPQPLYQ. PSLTro01 is stable in the range of 20-40 °C and pH 6.0-10.0, with a maximum fibrinolytic activity at 40 °C and pH 7.0. The PSLTro01-induced fibrinolytic activity was not influenced by K(+) or Na(+) but was slightly increased by Mg(2+) and completely inhibited by aprotinin and pepstatin A. Fibrin plate assays revealed that PSLTro01 could not directly degrade fibrin but was a plasminogen activator. PSLTro01 exhibited high specificity for the substrate S-2251 for plasmin, followed by S-2238 for thrombin and S-2444 for urokinase. Moreover, the fibrinogenolysis pattern of PSLTro01 was Aα-chains>Bβ-chains>γ-chain. Tail-thrombus of the enzyme treated group was significantly shorter than the physiological saline treated group and the thrombus decrement was correlated with the enzyme dose. PSLTro01 prolongs both thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). These results indicate that PSLTro01 may have potential applications in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Engineering for Chinese Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bo Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Liwei Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Engineering for Chinese Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Mianhua Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Tingming Fu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Engineering for Chinese Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haibo Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Huaxu Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Engineering for Chinese Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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31
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Kotb E. Purification and partial characterization of serine fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus megaterium KSK-07 isolated from kishk, a traditional Egyptian fermented food. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368381501007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Kotb E. The biotechnological potential of subtilisin-like fibrinolytic enzyme from a newly isolated Lactobacillus plantarum KSK-II in blood destaining and antimicrobials. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 31:316-24. [PMID: 25504817 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An antimicrobial oxidative- and SDS-stable fibrinolytic alkaline protease designated as KSK-II was produced by Lactobacillus plantarum KSK-II isolated from kishk, a traditional Egyptian food. Maximum enzyme productivity was obtained in medium containing 1% lactose and 0.5% soybean flour as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Purification of enzyme increased its specific activity to 1,140-fold with a recovery of 33% and molecular weight of 43.6 kDa. Enzyme activity was totally lost in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and was restored after addition of Fe(2+) suggesting that KSK-II is a metalloprotease and Fe(2+) acts as cofactor. Enzyme hydrolyzed not only the natural proteins but also synthetic substrates, particularly Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA. KSK-II can hydrolyze the Lys-X easier than Arg-X; thus, it was considered as a subtilisin-family protease. Its apparent Km , Vmax , and Kcat were 0.41 mM, 6.4 µmol mg(-1) min(-1) , and 28.0 s(-1) , respectively. KSK-II is industrially important from the perspectives of its maximal activity at 50°C (stable up to 70°C), ability to function at alkaline pH (10.0), stability at broad pH ranges (7.5-12.0) in addition to its stability toward SDS, H2 O2 , organic solvents, and detergents. We emphasize for the first time the potential of fibrinolytic activity for alkaline proteases used in detergents especially in blood destaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Kotb
- Research Laboratory of Bacteriology, Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, 44519
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33
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Vijayaragh P, Raj SF, Prakash Vi SG. Purification and Characterization of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Pseudoalteromonas sp., IND11 and its in vitro Activity on Blood Clot. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijbc.2015.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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