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Silva AJD, de Sousa MMG, de Macêdo LS, de França Neto PL, de Moura IA, Espinoza BCF, Invenção MDCV, de Pinho SS, da Gama MATM, de Freitas AC. RNA Vaccines: Yeast as a Novel Antigen Vehicle. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1334. [PMID: 37631902 PMCID: PMC10459952 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, technological advances for RNA manipulation enabled and expanded its application in vaccine development. This approach comprises synthetic single-stranded mRNA molecules that direct the translation of the antigen responsible for activating the desired immune response. The success of RNA vaccines depends on the delivery vehicle. Among the systems, yeasts emerge as a new approach, already employed to deliver protein antigens, with efficacy demonstrated through preclinical and clinical trials. β-glucans and mannans in their walls are responsible for the adjuvant property of this system. Yeast β-glucan capsules, microparticles, and nanoparticles can modulate immune responses and have a high capacity to carry nucleic acids, with bioavailability upon oral immunization and targeting to receptors present in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In addition, yeasts are suitable vehicles for the protection and specific delivery of therapeutic vaccines based on RNAi. Compared to protein antigens, the use of yeast for DNA or RNA vaccine delivery is less established and has fewer studies, most of them in the preclinical phase. Here, we present an overview of the attributes of yeast or its derivatives for the delivery of RNA-based vaccines, discussing the current challenges and prospects of this promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (A.J.D.S.)
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2
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Gao Y, Guo Y. Research progress in the development of natural-product-based mucosal vaccine adjuvants. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152855. [PMID: 37090704 PMCID: PMC10113501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal vaccines have great potential and advantages in preventing infection caused by multiple pathogens. In developing mucosal vaccines, the biggest challenge comes from finding safe and effective adjuvants and drug delivery systems. Great progress has been made in the generation of mucosal adjuvants using detoxified bacterial toxin derivatives, pathogen-related molecules, cytokines, and various vaccine delivery systems. However, many problems, relating to the safety and efficacy of mucosal vaccine adjuvants, remain. Certain natural substances can boost the immune response and thus could be used as adjuvants in vaccination. These natural-product-based immune adjuvants have certain advantages over conventional adjuvants, such as low toxicity, high stability, and low cost of production. In this review, we summarize the latest natural-product-based immune adjuvants, and discuss their properties and clinical applications.
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3
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Zhen W, Zhu T, Wang P, Guo F, Zhang K, Zhang T, Jalukar S, Zhang Y, Bai D, Zhang C, Guo Y, Wang Z, Ma Y. Effect of dietary Saccharomyces-derived prebiotic refined functional carbohydrates as antibiotic alternative on growth performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens reared in a commercial farm. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102671. [PMID: 37120891 PMCID: PMC10172995 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for effective in-feed antibiotic alternative is growing due to the global trend to reduce or ban the utilization of antibiotics as growth promotors in poultry diets. This study was processed to assess the effect of dietary refined functional carbohydrates (RFCs) replacing antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) on growth performance, intestinal morphologic structure and microbiota, as well as intestinal immune function and barrier function of broilers reared on a commercial broilers farm. Trials contained 3 treatments with 4 replicate broiler houses, with about 25,000 birds each room. The treatments were control group (CON), RFCs group (CON + 100 mg/kg RFCs), and AGP group (CON + 50 mg/kg bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), respectively. Results showed that RFCs and AGP group significantly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) during d 22 to 45 in contrast to control. Compared with the control and AGP-treated groups, feeding RFCs increased (P < 0.05) jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio. AGP addition reduced (P < 0.05) the jejunal villi surface area compared to broilers fed control and RFC supplemented diets. Supplementation of RFCs promoted (P < 0.05) the growth of Lactobacillus but inhibited Escherichia coli and Salmonella proliferation compared with the control group. Inclusion of RFCs and BMD enhanced (P < 0.05) antibody titers against avian influenza virus H9 compared with control. RFCs and AGP both down-regulated (P < 0.05) intestinal TLR4 mRNA levels, whereas RFCs tended to up-regulate (P = 0.05) IFN-γ gene expression compared to control. Expression of intestinal tight junction genes was not affected by either AGP or RFCs supplementation. Based on above observation, we suggested that RFCs could replace in-feed antibiotic BMD in broiler diets for reducing intestinal pathogenic bacteria and modulating immunity of broilers.
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Abd El-Aziz WR, Ibrahim H, Elzorkany HE, Mohammed GM, Mikhael CA, Fathy NA, Elshoky HA. Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity of E.coli nanovaccines in chickens. J Immunol Methods 2022; 506:113280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Firdaus FZ, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Developments in Vaccine Adjuvants. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2412:145-178. [PMID: 34918245 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines, including subunit, recombinant, and conjugate vaccines, require the use of an immunostimulator/adjuvant for maximum efficacy. Adjuvants not only enhance the strength and longevity of immune responses but may also influence the type of response. In this chapter, we review the adjuvants that are available for use in human vaccines, such as alum, MF59, AS03, and AS01. We extensively discuss their composition, characteristics, mechanism of action, and effects on the immune system. Additionally, we summarize recent trends in adjuvant discovery, providing a brief overview of saponins, TLRs agonists, polysaccharides, nanoparticles, cytokines, and mucosal adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrhana Ziana Firdaus
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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6
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Schwartz B, Vetvicka V. Review: β-glucans as Effective Antibiotic Alternatives in Poultry. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123560. [PMID: 34200882 PMCID: PMC8230556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of microbial challenges in commercial poultry farming causes significant economic losses. Antibiotics have been used to control diseases involving bacterial infection in poultry. As the incidence of antibiotic resistance turns out to be a serious problem, there is increased pressure on producers to reduce antibiotic use. With the reduced availability of antibiotics, poultry producers are looking for feed additives to stimulate the immune system of the chicken to resist microbial infection. Some β-glucans have been shown to improve gut health, to increase the flow of new immunocytes, increase macrophage function, stimulate phagocytosis, affect intestinal morphology, enhance goblet cell number and mucin-2 production, induce the increased expression of intestinal tight-junctions, and function as effective anti-inflammatory immunomodulators in poultry. As a result, β-glucans may provide a new tool for producers trying to reduce or eliminate the use of antibiotics in fowl diets. The specific activity of each β-glucan subtype still needs to be investigated. Upon knowledge, optimal β-glucan mixtures may be implemented in order to obtain optimal growth performance, exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity, and optimized intestinal morphology and histology responses in poultry. This review provides an extensive overview of the current use of β glucans as additives and putative use as antibiotic alternative in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
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7
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Zhen W, Shao Y, Wu Y, Li L, Pham VH, Abbas W, Wan Z, Guo Y, Wang Z. Dietary yeast β-glucan supplementation improves eggshell color and fertile eggs hatchability as well as enhances immune functions in breeder laying hens. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:607-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Immune effect of a Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine with IL-12 as a molecular adjuvant delivered by electroporation. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1959-1968. [PMID: 32519007 PMCID: PMC7282469 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains, has been one of the most problematic diseases affecting the poultry industry worldwide. Conventional vaccines provide effective protection for birds to survive ND outbreaks, but they may not completely suppress NDV shedding. NDV strains circulate on farms for a long time after the initial infection and cause potential risks. A new vaccine with fast clearance ability and low viral shedding is needed. In this study, we used interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an adjuvant and electroporation (EP) as an advanced delivery system to improve a DNA vaccine candidate. The fusion (F) protein gene from an NDV strain of the prevalent genotype VII.1.1 was cloned to prepare the vaccine. Chickens immunized with the F gene DNA vaccine co-delivered with an IL-12-expressing plasmid DNA showed higher neutralizing antibody levels and stronger concanavalin-A-induced lymphocyte proliferation than those treated with the F gene DNA vaccine alone. The co-delivered vaccine provided 100% protection, and less viral shedding and a shorter release time were observed in challenged chickens than when the F gene DNA vaccine was administered alone. The use of F gene DNA combined with IL-12 delivered by electroporation is a promising approach for vaccination against ND.
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9
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Vetvicka V, Vannucci L, Sima P. β-glucan as a new tool in vaccine development. Scand J Immunol 2019; 91:e12833. [PMID: 31544248 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination constitutes one of the major breakthroughs in human medicine. At the same time, development of more immunogenic vaccine alternatives to using aluminium-based adjuvants is one of the most important phases of vaccination development. Among different sources of carbohydrate polymers, including plants, microbes and synthetic sources tested, glucans were found to be the most promising vaccine adjuvant, as they alone stimulate various immune reactions including antibody production without any negative side effects. The use of glucan particles as a delivery system is a viable option based on the documented efficient antigen loading and receptor-targeted uptake in antigen-presenting cells. In addition to particles, soluble glucans can be used as novel hydrogels or as direct immunocyte-targeting delivery systems employing novel complexes with oligodeoxynucleotides. This review focuses on recent advances in glucan-based vaccine development from glucan-based conjugates to a glucan-based delivery and adjuvant platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sima
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Bai J, Wang R, Yan L, Feng J. Co-Supplementation of Dietary Seaweed Powder and Antibacterial Peptides Improves Broiler Growth Performance and Immune Function. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Bai
- Lüliang University, P.R. China
| | - R Wang
- Henan Vocational College of Agriculture, P.R. China
| | - L Yan
- Shanxi Agricultural University, P.R. China
| | - J Feng
- Shanxi Agricultural University, P.R. China
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11
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He B, Guo L, Zheng Q, Lin S, Lin J, Wei T, Ye Z. A simple and effective method using macroporous resins for the simultaneous decoloration and deproteinisation of
Cordyceps militaris
polysaccharides. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao‐Lin He
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510640 China
- Research Center for Micro‐Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Li‐Qiong Guo
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510640 China
- Research Center for Micro‐Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Qian‐Wang Zheng
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510640 China
- Research Center for Micro‐Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shuo‐Xin Lin
- James Clark School of Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Jun‐Fang Lin
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510640 China
- Research Center for Micro‐Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Tao Wei
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510640 China
- Research Center for Micro‐Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zhi‐Wei Ye
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510640 China
- Research Center for Micro‐Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510640 China
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12
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Polysaccharides as vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 2018; 36:5226-5234. [PMID: 30057282 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant is a substance added to vaccine to improve the immunogenicity of antigens, and it can induce stronger immune responses and reduce the dosage and production cost of vaccine in populations responding poorly to vaccination. Adjuvants in development or in use mainly include aluminum salts, oil emulsions, saponins, immune-stimulating complexes, liposomes, microparticles, nonionic block copolymers, polysaccharides, cytokines and bacterial derivatives. Polysaccharide adjuvants have attracted much attention in the preparation of nano vaccines and nano drugs because natural polysaccharides have the characteristics of intrinsic immunomodulating, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and safety. Moreover, it has been proved that a variety of natural polysaccharides possess better immune promoting effects, and they can enhance the effects of humoral, cellular and mucosal immunities. In the present study, we systematically reviewed the recent studies on polysaccharides with vaccine adjuvant activities, including chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs), glucan, mannose, inulin polysaccharide and Chinese medicinal herb polysaccharide. The application and future perspectives of polysaccharides as adjuvants were also discussed. These findings lay a foundation for the further development of polysaccharide adjuvants. Collectively, more and more polysaccharide adjuvants will be developed and widely used in clinical practice with more in-depth investigations of polysaccharide adjuvants.
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13
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Jin Y, Li P, Wang F. β-glucans as potential immunoadjuvants: A review on the adjuvanticity, structure-activity relationship and receptor recognition properties. Vaccine 2018; 36:5235-5244. [PMID: 30049632 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
β-glucans, a group of polysaccharides exist in many organism species such as mushrooms, yeasts, oats, barley, seaweed, but not mammalians, have a variety of biological activities and applications in drugs and other healthcare products. In recent years, β-glucans have been studied as adjuvants in anti-infection vaccines as well as immunomodulators in anti-cancer immunotherapy. β-glucans can regulate immune responses when administered alone and can connect innate and adaptive immunity to improve immunogenicity of vaccines. When β-glucans act as immunostimulants or adjuvants, a set of receptors have been revealed to recognize β-glucans, including dectin-1, complement receptor 3 (CR3), CD5, lactosylceramide, and so on. Therefore, this review is mainly focused on the application of β-glucans as immune adjuvants, the receptors of β-glucans, as well as their structure and activity relationship which will benefit future research of β-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Pingli Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China.
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14
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Wang M, Zhang L, Yang R, Fei C, Wang X, Zhang K, Wang C, Zheng W, Xue F. Improvement of immune responses to influenza vaccine (H5N1) by sulfated yeast beta-glucan. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:203-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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15
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Zhao K, Sun Y, Chen G, Rong G, Kang H, Jin Z, Wang X. Biological evaluation of N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan as a carrier for the delivery of live Newcastle disease vaccine. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 149:28-39. [PMID: 27261727 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immune system plays a very important role in antiviral immune response. We prepared Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) encapsulated in N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (N-2-HACC) nanoparticles (NDV/La Sota-N-2-HACC-NPs) by an ionic cross linking method, and assessed the potential of N-2-HACC-NPs as a mucosal immune delivery carrier. The properties of the nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy, Zeta potential and particle size analysis, encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity. NDV/La Sota-N-2-HACC-NPs have regular spherical morphologies and high stability; with 303.88±49.8nm mean diameter, 45.77±0.75mV Zeta potential, 94.26±0.42% encapsulation efficiency and 54.06±0.21% loading capacity. In vitro release assay indicated that the release of NDV from NDV/La Sota-N-2-HACC-NPs is slow. The NDV/La Sota-N-2-HACC-NPs have good biological characteristics, very low toxicity and high level of safety. Additionally, specific pathogen-free chickens immunized with NDV/La Sota-N-2-HACC-NPs showed much stronger cellular, humoral and mucosal immune responses than commercial attenuated live Newcastle disease vaccine, and NDV/La Sota-N-2-HACC-NPs reached the sustainable release effect. Our study here provides a foundation for the further development of mucosal vaccines and drugs, and the N-2-HACC-NPs should be a potential drug delivery carrier with immense potential in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China; Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Lei N, Wang M, Zhang L, Xiao S, Fei C, Wang X, Zhang K, Zheng W, Wang C, Yang R, Xue F. Effects of Low Molecular Weight Yeast β-Glucan on Antioxidant and Immunological Activities in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:21575-90. [PMID: 26370978 PMCID: PMC4613268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160921575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the antioxidant and immune effects of low molecular yeast β-glucan on mice, three sulfated glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sGSCs) with different molecular weight (MW) and degrees of sulfation (DS) were prepared. The structures of the sGSCs were analyzed through high performance liquid chromatography-gel permeation chromatography (HPLC-GPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). sGSC1, sGSC2, and sGSC3 had MW of 12.9, 16.5 and 19.2 kDa, respectively, and DS of 0.16, 0.24 and 0.27, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and immunological activities of the sGSCs. In vitro experiment, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities were determined. In vivo experiment, 50 male BALB/c mice were divided into five groups. The sGSC1, sGSC2 and sGSC3 treatment groups received the corresponding sGSCs at 50 mg/kg/day each. The GSC (glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) treatment group received 50 mg/kg/day GSC. The normal control group received equal volume of physiological saline solution. All treatments were administered intragastrically for 14 day. Results showed that sGSC1, sGSC2 and sGSC3 can scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. The strength of the radical scavenging effects of the sGSCs was in the order of sGSC1 > sGSC2 > sGSC3. Oral administration of sGSC1 significantly improved serum catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in mice. sGSC1 significantly improved the spleen and thymus indexes and the lymphocyte proliferation, effectively enhanced the percentage of CD4⁺ T cells, decreased the percentage of CD8⁺ T cells, and elevated the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. sGSC1 significantly promoted the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ. These results indicate that sGSC1 with low MW and DS has better antioxidant and immunological activities than the other sGSCs, and sGSC1 could be used as a new antioxidant and immune-enhancing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Sui Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Chengzhong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Wenli Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Ruile Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Feiqun Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Feng H, Fan J, Qiu H, Wang Z, Yan Z, Yuan L, Guan L, Du X, Song Z, Han X, Liu J. Chuanminshen violaceum polysaccharides improve the immune responses of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78:405-16. [PMID: 25934108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble polysaccharides from Chuanminshen violaceum (CVPS) were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, monosaccharide composition, and adjuvant potential to specific cellular and humoral immune responses in a mouse model of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccination. The average molecular weight (Mw) of the CVPS was 968.31 kDa. The monosaccharide components of the CVPS was rhamnose, arabinose, fucose, mannose, glucose, and galactose with a relative mass of 6.29%, 21.87%, 16.59%, 12.54%, 13.07%, and 28.05%, respectively. Administering CVPS as an adjuvant significantly enhanced the phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophages, splenocyte proliferation, and the activity of NK cells and CTL as well as increased FMDV-specific IgG and IgG subclass antibody titers. Moreover, CVPS increased the expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in CD4(+) T cells and IFN-γ expression in CD8(+) T cells. Additionally, CVPS enhanced CD40(+), CD80(+), and CD86(+) expression on DCs. Moreover, CVPS upregulated MHC-I/II, TLR-2/4 mRNA levels. In contrast, CVPS downregulated TGF-β mRNA expression and the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells. Taken together, these results indicate that administering CVPS as an adjuvant enhances both cellular and humoral immune responses via the TLR-2 and TLR-4 signalling pathways, thereby promoting DC maturation and suppressing TGF-β expression and Treg frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Feng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China.
| | - Jing Fan
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, PR China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Chengdu Vocational College of Agricultural Science and Technology, WenJiang, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - Lu Guan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Applied Biophysics and Immune Engineering Laboratory, College of Life and Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Zhenhui Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Chengdu Vocational College of Agricultural Science and Technology, WenJiang, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University
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