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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Containing Composites for Biomedical Applications: Formulations, Properties, and Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2024; 8:218. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs8060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to present a wide range of hybrid formulations and composites containing calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) that are suitable for use in biomedical applications and currently on the market. The bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive properties of various CaPO4-based formulations make them valuable in the rapidly developing field of biomedical research, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the brittleness of CaPO4, it is essential to combine the desired osteologic properties of ceramic CaPO4 with those of other compounds to create novel, multifunctional bone graft biomaterials. Consequently, this analysis offers a thorough overview of the hybrid formulations and CaPO4-based composites that are currently known. To do this, a comprehensive search of the literature on the subject was carried out in all significant databases to extract pertinent papers. There have been many formulations found with different material compositions, production methods, structural and bioactive features, and in vitro and in vivo properties. When these formulations contain additional biofunctional ingredients, such as drugs, proteins, enzymes, or antibacterial agents, they offer improved biomedical applications. Moreover, a lot of these formulations allow cell loading and promote the development of smart formulations based on CaPO4. This evaluation also discusses basic problems and scientific difficulties that call for more investigation and advancements. It also indicates perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dorozhkin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Anselmi C, Mendes Soares IP, Mota RLM, Leite ML, Ribeiro RADO, Fernandes LDO, Bottino MC, de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J. Functionalization of PCL-Based Fiber Scaffolds with Different Sources of Calcium and Phosphate and Odontogenic Potential on Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:97. [PMID: 38667554 PMCID: PMC11051160 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the incorporation of sources of calcium, phosphate, or both into electrospun scaffolds and evaluated their bioactivity on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). Additionally, scaffolds incorporated with calcium hydroxide (CH) were characterized for degradation, calcium release, and odontogenic differentiation by HDPCs. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was electrospun with or without 0.5% w/v of calcium hydroxide (PCL + CH), nano-hydroxyapatite (PCL + nHA), or β-glycerophosphate (PCL + βGP). SEM/EDS analysis confirmed fibrillar morphology and particle incorporation. HDPCs were cultured on the scaffolds to assess cell viability, adhesion, spreading, and mineralized matrix formation. PCL + CH was also evaluated for gene expression of odontogenic markers (RT-qPCR). Data were submitted to ANOVA and Student's t-test (α = 5%). Added CH increased fiber diameter and interfibrillar spacing, whereas βGP decreased both. PCL + CH and PCL + nHA improved HDPC viability, adhesion, and proliferation. Mineralization was increased eightfold with PCL + CH. Scaffolds containing CH gradually degraded over six months, with calcium release within the first 140 days. CH incorporation upregulated DSPP and DMP1 expression after 7 and 14 days. In conclusion, CH- and nHA-laden PCL fiber scaffolds were cytocompatible and promoted HDPC adhesion, proliferation, and mineralized matrix deposition. PCL + CH scaffolds exhibit a slow degradation profile, providing sustained calcium release and stimulating HDPCs to upregulate odontogenesis marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Anselmi
- Department of Morphology, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil; (C.A.); (R.L.M.M.)
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.P.M.S.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Igor Paulino Mendes Soares
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.P.M.S.); (M.C.B.)
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rafaella Lara Maia Mota
- Department of Morphology, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil; (C.A.); (R.L.M.M.)
| | - Maria Luísa Leite
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Rafael Antonio de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil;
| | - Lídia de Oliveira Fernandes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marco C. Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.P.M.S.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil;
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Morphology, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil; (C.A.); (R.L.M.M.)
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Fabrication of Nanohydroxyapatite-Chitosan Coatings by Pulse Electrodeposition Method. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Anselmi C, Mendes Soares IP, Leite ML, Kitagawa FA, de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J. Cytocompatibility and bioactivity of calcium hydroxide-containing nanofiber scaffolds loaded with fibronectin for dentin tissue engineering. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4031-4047. [PMID: 35029747 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize polycaprolactone-based nanofiber scaffolds (PCL) incorporated with calcium hydroxide (CH) and evaluate their bioactivity on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) when loaded with fibronectin (FN). MATERIALS AND METHODS CH (0.1%; 0.2%; 0.4% w/v; or 0%) was incorporated into PCL (10% w/v) scaffolds prepared by electrospinning. Morphology and composition were characterized using SEM/EDS. HDPCs were seeded on the scaffolds and evaluated for viability (alamarBlue; Live/Dead), and adhesion/spreading (F-actin). Next, scaffolds containing 0.4% CH were loaded with FN (20 µg/mL). HDPCs were evaluated for viability, adhesion/spreading, migration (Trans-well), gene expression (RT-qPCR), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and mineralization nodules (Alizarin Red). Data were submitted to ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α = 5%). RESULTS Nanofibers with larger diameter were seen as CH concentration increased, while there was no effect on interfibrillar spaces. An increase in cell viability was seen for 0.4% CH, in all periods. Incorporation of CH and FN into the scaffolds increased cellular migration, spread, and viability, all intensified when CH and FN were combined. ALPL and DSPP expression, and ALP activity were not affected by CH and FN. COL1A1 was downregulated in all groups, while DMP1 was upregulated in the presence of CH, with no differences for the groups loaded with FN. CH increased the formation of mineralized matrix, which was not influenced by FN. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the incorporation of CH enhanced the odontogenic potential of HDPCs, irrespective of the presence of FN. The PCL + 0.4% CH formulation may be a useful strategy for use in dentin tissue engineering. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A change in the form of presentation of calcium hydroxide-based materials used for direct pulp capping can increase biocompatibility and prolong the vitality of dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Anselmi
- Department of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Igor Paulino Mendes Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Leite
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ali Kitagawa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.
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Bindu M, Ananthapadmanabhan U. Functional modification of silicone rubber through nano‐hydroxylapatite embedding. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mavila Bindu
- Polymer Science and Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut India
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M Ahmed E, Saber D, Abd ElAziz K, Alghtani AH, Felemban BF, Ali HT, Megahed M. Chitosan-based nanocomposites: preparation and characterization for food packing industry. MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS 2021; 8:025017. [DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/abe791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present work, Cerium (IV)-Zirconium (IV) oxide nanoparticles (CeO4ZrNPs) was successfully dispersed into Chitosan/15Gelatin nanocomposites with different quantities. The obtained chitosan-based nanocomposites represented remarkable improvements in structural, morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties. Roughness increased from 74 nm to 6.4 nm, Young’s Modulus enhanced from 1.36 GPa to 2.99 GPa. The influence of dispersed CeO4ZrNPs contents on the phase transition temperature (T
g) and the non-isothermal degradation processes of chitosan-based nanocomposites were examined using Differential Scanning Galorimetry (DSC) with different heating rates. Kinetic parameters of the thermal degradation for chitosan-based nanocomposites were evaluated using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Kissenger (KIS) procedures. Chitosan-based nanocomposites showed an increase in the thermal degradation temperature with higher activation energies, indicating improved thermal stability. Thermal analysis demonstrated that chitosan-based nanocomposites became more ordered by increasing CeO4ZrNPs as inferred from the negative entropy increase. Moreover, the degradation of chitosan-based nanocomposites has been described as a non-spontaneous process. The resulting information is particularly important in applications in which there is a need to obtain chitosan nanocomposites with improved mechanical and thermal properties such as food packing industry.
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Nie L, Deng Y, Li P, Hou R, Shavandi A, Yang S. Hydroxyethyl Chitosan-Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10948-10957. [PMID: 32455215 PMCID: PMC7241017 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of reinforced scaffolds for bone regeneration remains a significant challenge. The weak mechanical properties of the chitosan (CS)-based composite scaffold hindered its further application in clinic. Here, to obtain hydroxyethyl CS (HECS), some hydrogen bonds of CS were replaced by hydroxyethyl groups. Then, HECS-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nanoparticle hydrogel was fabricated via cycled freeze-thawing followed by an in vitro biomineralization treatment using a cell culture medium. The synthesized hydrogel had an interconnected porous structure with a uniform pore distribution. Compared to the CS/PVA/BCP hydrogel, the HECS/PVA/BCP hydrogels showed a thicker pore wall and had a compressive strength of up to 5-7 MPa. The biomineralized hydrogel possessed a better compressive strength and cytocompatibility compared to the untreated hydrogel, confirmed by CCK-8 analysis and fluorescence images. The modification of CS with hydroxyethyl groups and in vitro biomineralization were sufficient to improve the mechanical properties of the scaffold, and the HECS-reinforced PVA/BCP hydrogel was promising for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Nie
- College
of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Member of Flanders Make, KU Leuven (Catholic University of Leuven), Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Yaling Deng
- College
of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Pei Li
- College
of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College
of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Medical
School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Amin Shavandi
- BioMatter
Unit—École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Shoufeng Yang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Member of Flanders Make, KU Leuven (Catholic University of Leuven), Leuven 3001, Belgium
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Wahba MI. Enhancement of the mechanical properties of chitosan. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 31:350-375. [PMID: 31766978 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1692641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) has been investigated for copious applications in the biomedical, industrial and environmental fields owing to its diverse advantageous traits. Nevertheless, CS exhibits debilitated mechanical stability. This debilitated mechanical stability constitutes an obstacle to nearly all of CS's applications. Hence, in this review we discussed different approaches that could be adopted in order to escalate the mechanical properties of CS. Chemical cross-linking was among these approaches where CS was chemically cross-linked with various agents, such as glutaraldehyde, vanillin, and genipin. Different plasticizers were also incorporated with CS. Moreover, nano-materials were added to CS so as to form nano-composites of enhanced mechanical properties. Porogens were also employed to increase the surface area available for the CS's physical and chemical cross-linking processes. Other reports attempted to modify the fabrication conditions and gelling system of CS as a means of producing mechanically stable CS gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I Wahba
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Centre of Scientific Excellence-Group of Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Balagangadharan K, Dhivya S, Selvamurugan N. Chitosan based nanofibers in bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 104:1372-1382. [PMID: 27993655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering involves biomaterials, cells and regulatory factors to make biosynthetic bone grafts with efficient mineralization for regeneration of fractured or damaged bones. Out of all the techniques available for scaffold preparation, electrospinning is given priority as it can fabricate nanostructures. Also, electrospun nanofibers possess unique properties such as the high surface area to volume ratio, porosity, stability, permeability and morphological similarity to that of extra cellular matrix. Chitosan (CS) has a significant edge over other materials and as a graft material, CS can be used alone or in combination with other materials in the form of nanofibers to provide the structural and biochemical cues for acceleration of bone regeneration. Hence, this review was aimed to provide a detailed study available on CS and its composites prepared as nanofibers, and their associated properties found suitable for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Balagangadharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Dhivya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Fabrication of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) biocomposites with reinforcement by hydroxyapatite using extrusion processing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 65:19-26. [PMID: 27157723 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), PHBV, biocomposites with incorporating various percentages of hydroxyapatite (HAP) using extrusion processing. The biocomposites were produced by melt extrusion of PHBV with untreated HAP and surface-treated HAP crystals. The structure of biopolymer/HAP biocomposites was investigated by XRD, FTIR, DSC and SEM. Silane coupling agent was used for HAP surface treatment in PHBV/HAP composites. Silane-treated HAP nanoparticles yielded nanocomposites characterized by good mechanical performance and fine nanofiller dispersion, as shown by SEM investigations. The Halpin-Tsai and Hui-Shia models were used to evaluate the effect of reinforcement by HAP particles on the elastic modulus of the composites. Micromechanical models for initial composite stiffness showed good correlation with experimental values. Disparities in the Halpin-Tsai model were evident for composite with higher HAP loadings.
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Water absorption and moisture permeation properties of chitosan/poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid) IPC films. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 84:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Idumah CI, Hassan A. Emerging trends in eco-compliant, synergistic, and hybrid assembling of multifunctional polymeric bionanocomposites. REV CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2015-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe quest to develop eco-benign polymeric hybrid materials arose out of the need to protect the environment from the harmful effects of synthetic petroleum polymeric waste and meet the specific needs of industries such as oil and gas, aerospace, automotives, packaging, electronics biomedicals, pharmaceuticals, agricultural, and construction. This has resulted in synergistic hybrid assembling of natural fibers, polymers, biopolymers, and nanoparticles. Bionanocomposites based on inorganic nanoparticle reinforced biofiber, polymers and biopolymers, and polysaccharides such as chitosan, alginate, and cellulose derivatives, and so on, exhibiting at least a dimension at the nanometer scale, are an emerging group of nanostructured hybrid materials. These hybrid bionanocomposites exhibit structural and multifunctional properties suitable for versatile applications similar to polymer nanocomposites. Their biocompatibility and biodegradability provide opportunities for applications as eco-benign green nanocomposites. This review presents state-of-the-art progress in synergistic nanotechnological assembling of bionanocomposites relative to processing technologies, product development, and applications.
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Containing Biocomposites and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:708-832. [PMID: 26262645 PMCID: PMC4598679 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art on calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-containing biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications is presented. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through the successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, CaPO4 might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials those are either already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications are extensively discussed. Many different formulations in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics have been already proposed. Among the others, the nano-structurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin, as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from a laboratory to a hospital is a long one and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development are also examined.
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