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Boroughani M, Tahmasbi Z, Heidari MM, Johari M, Hashempur MH, Heydari M. Potential therapeutic effects of green tea ( Camellia sinensis) in eye diseases, a review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28829. [PMID: 38601618 PMCID: PMC11004586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of green tea (GT), scientifically named Camellia sinensis, in treating eye diseases. We provide an overview of the ingredients and traditional use of Camellia sinensis, followed by a detailed discussion of its therapeutic uses in various eye diseases, including ocular surface diseases (allergic diseases, dry eye, pterygium, and infections), cataract, glaucoma, uveitis, retinal diseases, and optic nerve diseases. The pharmacologic activities related to ocular diseases, such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, aldose reductase inhibitor activity, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects are also explored in this review. The dose and route of administration of GT in various studies are discussed. Safety issues related to the use of GT, such as the side effects associated with high doses and long-term use, are also addressed. The review highlights the potential of GT as a natural therapeutic agent for a variety of ocular diseases. Its various pharmacologic activities make it a promising treatment option. However, more well-designed studies are needed to determine the optimal dose and route of administration and to assess its long-term safety and efficacy. Overall, GT appears to be a promising adjunct therapy for various ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadese Boroughani
- Student research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Tahmasbi
- Student research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadkarim Johari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Chowdhury P, Ojha AK, Bhowmik S, Halder K, Sabnam K, Santra S, Chaudhury K, Dasgupta S. Cell Penetrability of a γ-Crystallin Peptide Fragment from the Discarded Cataractous Eye Emulsion. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14840-14848. [PMID: 38585046 PMCID: PMC10993246 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of the intracellular transport of medication and target specificity is frequently hampered by biological obstacles. The potential for therapeutic use of peptide fragments from naturally occurring proteins is promising, as peptides exhibit high selectivity due to several possibilities of interaction with their target. Certain peptide sequences, often referred to as cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), are those that can penetrate cell membranes. Our goal is to find these sequences in the discarded postcataractery surgery emulsion known as the cataractous eye protein isolate (CEPI). One peptide fragment from this discarded protein has been identified to be a potential CPP based on the similarities with other well-known CPPs. Cell membrane penetrability and cytotoxicity of the peptide have been investigated. Fibroblast cells were incubated with the fluorescently labeled peptide and were observed under fluorescence as well as under confocal microscopy. It was found that the peptide possesses a cell-penetrating ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Chowdhury
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Atul Kumar Ojha
- School
of Medical Science and Technology, Indian
Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Shishir Bhowmik
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Krishna Halder
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Kabira Sabnam
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sujan Santra
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School
of Medical Science and Technology, Indian
Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Swagata Dasgupta
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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3
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Rodella U, Honisch C, Gatto C, Ruzza P, D'Amato Tóthová J. Antioxidant Nutraceutical Strategies in the Prevention of Oxidative Stress Related Eye Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102283. [PMID: 37242167 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to discuss the delicate balance between the physiological production of reactive oxygen species and the role of antioxidant nutraceutical molecules in managing radicals in the complex anatomical structure of the eye. Many molecules and enzymes with reducing and antioxidant potential are present in different parts of the eye. Some of these, such as glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, α-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, and enzymatic antioxidants, are endogenously produced by the body. Others, such as plant-derived polyphenols and carotenoids, vitamins B2, C, and E, zinc and selenium, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, must be obtained through the diet and are considered essential nutrients. When the equilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen species and their scavenging is disrupted, radical generation overwhelms the endogenous antioxidant arsenal, leading to oxidative stress-related eye disorders and aging. Therefore, the roles of antioxidants contained in dietary supplements in preventing oxidative stress-based ocular dysfunctions are also discussed. However, the results of studies investigating the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation have been mixed or inconclusive, indicating a need for future research to highlight the potential of antioxidant molecules and to develop new preventive nutritional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Rodella
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto Onlus (FBOV), 30174 Zelarino, Italy
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicoló, Italy
| | - Claudia Honisch
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR (ICB-CNR), Via F. Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Gatto
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicoló, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruzza
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR (ICB-CNR), Via F. Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jana D'Amato Tóthová
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicoló, Italy
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4
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Islam S, Do M, Frank BS, Hom GL, Wheeler S, Fujioka H, Wang B, Minocha G, Sell DR, Fan X, Lampi KJ, Monnier VM. α-Crystallin chaperone mimetic drugs inhibit lens γ-crystallin aggregation: potential role for cataract prevention. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102417. [PMID: 36037967 PMCID: PMC9525908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Γ-Crystallins play a major role in age-related lens transparency. Their destabilization by mutations and physical chemical insults are associated with cataract formation. Therefore, drugs that increase their stability should have anticataract properties. To this end, we screened 2560 Federal Drug Agency–approved drugs and natural compounds for their ability to suppress or worsen H2O2 and/or heat-mediated aggregation of bovine γ-crystallins. The top two drugs, closantel (C), an antihelminthic drug, and gambogic acid (G), a xanthonoid, attenuated thermal-induced protein unfolding and aggregation as shown by turbidimetry fluorescence spectroscopy dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy of human or mouse recombinant crystallins. Furthermore, binding studies using fluorescence inhibition and hydrophobic pocket–binding molecule bis-8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid revealed static binding of C and G to hydrophobic sites with medium-to-low affinity. Molecular docking to HγD and other γ-crystallins revealed two binding sites, one in the “NC pocket” (residues 50–150) of HγD and one spanning the “NC tail” (residues 56–61 to 168–174 in the C-terminal domain). Multiple binding sites overlap with those of the protective mini αA-crystallin chaperone MAC peptide. Mechanistic studies using bis-8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid as a proxy drug showed that it bound to MAC sites, improved Tm of both H2O2 oxidized and native human gamma D, and suppressed turbidity of oxidized HγD, most likely by trapping exposed hydrophobic sites. The extent to which these drugs act as α-crystallin mimetics and reduce cataract progression remains to be demonstrated. This study provides initial insights into binding properties of C and G to γ-crystallins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Islam
- Dept of Pathology and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Michael Do
- Dept of Pathology and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Brett S Frank
- Dept of Pathology and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Grant L Hom
- Dept of Pathology and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Samuel Wheeler
- Dept of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Hisashi Fujioka
- Cryo-EM Core Facility, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - Benlian Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Dept of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Geeta Minocha
- Dept of Pathology and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - David R Sell
- Dept of Pathology and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Xingjun Fan
- Dept of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Georgia, GA 30912
| | - Kirsten J Lampi
- Dept of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Vincent M Monnier
- Dept of Pathology and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; Dept of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106.
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5
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Zhao L, Wang H, Feng C, Song F, Du X. Preparation and Evaluation of Starch Hydrogel/Contact Lens Composites as Epigallocatechin Gallate Delivery Systems for Inhibition of Bacterial Adhesion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:759303. [PMID: 34869268 PMCID: PMC8637123 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.759303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections caused by wearing contact lenses has become a major health problem, so the design and development of antibacterial contact lenses has attracted widespread attention. To safely and effectively inhibit bacterial adhesion of contact lenses, we have facilely prepared epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) loaded starch hydrogel/contact lens composites by in-situ free radical polymerization of the mixture containing 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The adequate transmittance of the resulting contact lenses was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and their satisfactory stability was examined using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Whereafter, cytotoxicity and degradation experiments were performed to investigate the biocompatibility and degradability of the contact lenses. The results showed the nontoxicity and good degradability of the composites. Besides, the capacity of the contact lenses for in vitro release of EGCG was also evaluated, and the results showed that the EGCG in these contact lenses can be sustainably released for at least 14 days. Further bacterial adhesion assay suggested that the EGCG loaded starch hydrogel/contact lenses could significantly reduce the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to the control. The EGCG loaded starch hydrogel/contact lens composites provide a potential intervention strategy for preventing ocular microbial infections and inhibiting bacterial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Zhao
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangying Song
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianli Du
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
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6
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Zhou L, Ding X, Wang J, Bai S, Zeng Q, Su Z, Xuan Y, Zhang K. Tea polyphenols increase the antioxidant status of laying hens fed diets with different levels of ageing corn. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:650-660. [PMID: 34401543 PMCID: PMC8342854 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ageing corn levels (stored for 4 years) with or without the supplementation of tea polyphenols (TPP) on the performance, egg quality and antioxidant status of laying hens. A total of 288 Lohmann commercial laying hens (63-week-old) were used under a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with 4 levels of dietary ageing corn (0%, 25%, 50%, or 100%) and 2 levels of TPP (0 and 600 mg/kg) for 8 wk. Dietary ageing corn linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the egg production, serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of laying hens, yolk index, yolk colour, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) value and the reducing power value of egg yolk, but it linearly increased (P < 0.05) the feed conversion rate, ovary malondialdehyde (MDA) content of laying hens, and the protein carbonyl content of egg yolk. Tea polyphenol supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the serum T-AOC, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), liver SOD, liver GSH-Px, ovary SOD, GSH-Px, the expression of antioxidant-related genes of laying hens, albumen height, Haugh unit, DPPH value and the majority free amino acids of egg yolk, but it decreased (P < 0.05) the serum MDA content of laying hens, MDA and protein carbonyl of egg yolk. In conclusion, the ageing corn significantly reduced the performance, egg quality, antioxidant status and egg antioxidant capacity of laying hens, while TPP supplementation partially counteracted the adverse effects, especially antioxidant status and egg antioxidant capacity of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zuowei Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
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7
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Wu Q, Li Z, Lu X, Song J, Wang H, Liu D, Guo D, Bi H. Epigallocatechin gallate protects the human lens epithelial cell survival against UVB irradiation through AIF/endo G signalling pathways in vitro. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2021; 40:187-197. [PMID: 33487044 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2021.1879112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress has been recognised as an important mediator of apoptosis in lens epithelial cells. It also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cataracts. It is reported that (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant component in green tea, exhibits potent antioxidant activity against oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of EGCG against Ultraviolet B (UVB) induced apoptotic death and the underlying mechanism in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). METHODS HLECs were exposed to various concentrations of EGCG under UVB (30 mJ/cm2), and cell viability was monitored by the MTT assay. Next, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the total antioxigenic capacity (T-AOC) was determined by enzyme standard instrument, and the expression of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (Endo G) was measured by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Moreover, the localisation of AIF and Endo G within cells was further detected by confocal optical microscopy. RESULTS The results indicated that EGCG could enhance the cell viability and protect against cell apoptosis caused by UVB irradiation in HLECs. EGCG could also decrease the UVB-induced generation of ROS and collapse of Δψm, increase the T-AOC level. In addition, EGCG could also inhibit the UVB-stimulated increase of AIF and Endo G expression at mRNA and protein levels and ameliorate the UVB-induced mitochondria-nuclear translocation of AIF and Endo G. CONCLUSIONS UVB irradiation could damage HLECs viability, while EGCG exhibits antioxidant effect and inhibits UVB-induced apoptosis in HLECs through AIF/Endo G signalling pathways. Our findings reveal the underlying mechanism of EGCG against UVB-induced oxidative stress in HLECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxin Wu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China.,Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Zhongen Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China.,Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiuzhen Lu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Jike Song
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China.,Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China.,Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong; Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong; Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
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8
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Rocha MA, Sprague-Piercy MA, Kwok AO, Roskamp KW, Martin RW. Chemical Properties Determine Solubility and Stability in βγ-Crystallins of the Eye Lens. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1329-1346. [PMID: 33569867 PMCID: PMC8052307 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
βγ-Crystallins are the primary structural and refractive proteins found in the vertebrate eye lens. Because crystallins are not replaced after early eye development, their solubility and stability must be maintained for a lifetime, which is even more remarkable given the high protein concentration in the lens. Aggregation of crystallins caused by mutations or post-translational modifications can reduce crystallin protein stability and alter intermolecular interactions. Common post-translational modifications that can cause age-related cataracts include deamidation, oxidation, and tryptophan derivatization. Metal ion binding can also trigger reduced crystallin solubility through a variety of mechanisms. Interprotein interactions are critical to maintaining lens transparency: crystallins can undergo domain swapping, disulfide bonding, and liquid-liquid phase separation, all of which can cause opacity depending on the context. Important experimental techniques for assessing crystallin conformation in the absence of a high-resolution structure include dye-binding assays, circular dichroism, fluorescence, light scattering, and transition metal FRET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025 (USA)
| | - Marc A. Sprague-Piercy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525
| | - Ashley O. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025 (USA)
| | - Kyle W. Roskamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025 (USA)
| | - Rachel W. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025 (USA)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525
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9
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The Protective Effects of Flavonoids in Cataract Formation through the Activation of Nrf2 and the Inhibition of MMP-9. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123651. [PMID: 33261005 PMCID: PMC7759919 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts account for over half of global blindness. Cataracts formations occur mainly due to aging and to the direct insults of oxidative stress and inflammation to the eye lens. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcriptional factor for cell cytoprotection, is known as the master regulator of redox homeostasis. Nrf2 regulates nearly 600 genes involved in cellular protection against contributing factors of oxidative stress, including aging, disease, and inflammation. Nrf2 was reported to disrupt the oxidative stress that activates Nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) and proinflammatory cytokines. One of these cytokines is matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), which participates in the decomposition of lens epithelial cells (LECs) extracellular matrix and has been correlated with cataract development. Thus, during inflammatory processes, MMP production may be attenuated by the Nrf2 pathway or by the Nrf2 inhibition of NFκB pathway activation. Moreover, plant-based polyphenols have garnered attention due to their presumed safety and efficacy, nutritional, and antioxidant effects. Polyphenol compounds can activate Nrf2 and inhibit MMP-9. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing Nrf2's role in oxidative stress and cataract formation, epigenetic effect in Nrf2 activity, and the association between Nrf2 and MMP-9 in cataract development. Moreover, we describe the protective role of flavonoids in cataract formation, targeting Nrf2 activation and MMP-9 synthesis inhibition as potential molecular targets in preventing cataracts.
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10
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Rana S, Sarmah S, Singha Roy A, Ghosh KS. Elucidation of molecular interactions between human γD-crystallin and quercetin, an inhibitor against tryptophan oxidation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1811-1818. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1738960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwani Rana
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sharat Sarmah
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India
| | - Atanu Singha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India
| | - Kalyan Sundar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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11
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Wang J, Jia R, Celi P, Ding X, Bai S, Zeng Q, Mao X, Xu S, Zhang K. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves the antioxidant capacity of eggs. Food Funct 2020; 11:534-543. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with EGCG led to an increase in egg antioxidant activity and antioxidant chemical substances, tryptophan and carotenoid. This may be associated with its increasing effect on the oxidative stress related regulators expression (P38MAPK, Nrf2 and HO-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
| | - Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
| | - Pietro Celi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
- DSM Nutritional Products
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
| | - Shiping Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
| | - Keying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
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12
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Rana S, Ghosh KS. Protective role of hesperetin against posttranslational oxidation of tryptophan residue of human γD-crystallin: A molecular level study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 679:108204. [PMID: 31758928 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crystallin proteins undergo various posttranslational modifications with aging of eye lens. Oxidation of tryptophan (Trp) residues of a major γ-crystallin namely human γD-crystallin (HGD) was found to be inhibited by a naturally occurring flavonoid hesperetin at relatively low concentration mostly due to its antioxidant activity. Further the molecular interactions between HGD and hesperetin were elucidated on the basis of the quenching of Trp fluorescence of the protein by the flavonoid. Ground state complexation between HGD and hesperetin caused static quenching of the Trp fluorescence of HGD. Binding and quenching constants were in the order of (103- 104 M-1). Energy transfer from protein to hesperetin was suggested by FRET calculations. Thermodynamic parameters reveal significant hydrophobic association between the protein and hesperetin. Synchronous fluorescence and CD spectroscopic results had ruled out conformational changes in the protein due to binding of hesperetin. Docking studies suggested the proximity of hesperetin with Trp 42, which largely corroborates our experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwani Rana
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177005, India
| | - Kalyan Sundar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177005, India.
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13
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Parveen S, Chaudhury S, Dasgupta S. Tuning the mechanical and physicochemical properties of cross-linked protein films. Biopolymers 2019; 110:e23321. [PMID: 31260091 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Films derived from natural sources such as proteins provide an advantage over synthetic films due to their noncytotoxicity, biodegradability, and vast functionality. A new protein source gained from the cataractous eye protein isolate (CEPI) obtained after surgery has been investigated for this purpose. Glycerol has been employed as the plasticizer and glutaraldehyde (GD) as a cross-linker. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterize the films. Nanoindentation and thermogravimetric analyses reveal improved mechanical and thermal properties of the cross-linked films. The films with 20% (w/w) GD exhibited properties such as the highest modulus and low water solubility. It is possible to tune the properties based on the extent of cross-linking. All the films were completely degraded by the enzyme trypsin. The similarity of these films was checked by using the prepared films as a delivery vehicle for a model compound, ampicillin sodium. The encapsulation efficiency was found to be 74%, and in vitro release studies showed significant amounts of drug release at physiological pH. This study will help us understand how the properties of protein films can be tuned to obtain the desired physicochemical properties. These biodegradable protein films could find use in pharmaceutical industries as delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Susmitnarayan Chaudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Swagata Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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14
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Chaudhury S, Bag S, Bose M, Das AK, Ghosh AK, Dasgupta S. Protection of human γB-crystallin from UV-induced damage by epigallocatechin gallate: spectroscopic and docking studies. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:2901-9. [PMID: 27410057 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00256k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The transparency of the human eye lens depends on the solubility and stability of the structural proteins of the eye lens, the crystallins. Although the mechanism of cataract formation is still unclear, it is believed to involve protein misfolding and/or aggregation of proteins due to the influence of several external factors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, low pH, temperature and exposure to chemical agents. In this article, we report the study of UV induced photo-damage (under oxidative stress) of recombinant human γB-crystallin in vitro in the presence of the major green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). We have shown that EGCG has the ability to protect human γB-crystallin from oxidative stress-induced photo-damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudipta Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Madhuparna Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Ananta Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Swagata Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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15
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Ergen I, Turgut B, Ilhan N. Comparison of the impact of epigallocatechin gallate and ellagic acid in an experimental cataract model induced by sodium selenite. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:499-506. [PMID: 28503419 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the potential protective effects of epi-gallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and ellagic acid (EA) in an experimental cataract model. METHODS Twenty-eight Spraque-Dawley rat pups were assigned into four groups. All the rats, except for those in the control group, were injected subcutaneously sodium selenite to induce experimental cataract on the postpartum ninth day, and between 10th and 14th days. Rats in the sham, EGCG, and EA groups were intraperitoneally administered 50 mg/(kg·d) saline solution, 50 mg/(kg·d) EGCG and 200 mg/(kg·d) EA, respectively. The reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in lens supernatants were measured. RESULTS The mean cataract gradings in EGCG and EA groups were found to be significantly lower than that in sham group (P<0.001). The mean GSH levels and TASs in EGCG and EA groups were significantly higher than that in sham group while mean MDA levels and TOSs in EGCG and EA groups were significantly lower than that in the sham group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION EGCG and EA have protective effects on cataract development via the inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ergen
- Dışkapı YıldırımBeyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Eye Diseases Clinic, Ankara 06330, Turkey
| | - Burak Turgut
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Nevin Ilhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
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