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Synytsya A, Bleha R, Skrynnikova A, Babayeva T, Čopíková J, Kvasnička F, Jablonsky I, Klouček P. Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Cultivating Medicinal Fungi Ganoderma: Composition, Development, and Strain Variability of Basidiocarps. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:23. [PMID: 38248933 PMCID: PMC10817577 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was proposed for rapid, versatile, and non-invasive screening of Ganoderma basidiocarps to assess their potential for specific applications. Fifteen species and strains of this fungus were selected for analysis, and fine sections at different parts of young and mature basidiocarps were obtained. The spectra of fungal samples showed significant differences interpreted in terms of biochemical composition using characteristic bands of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and triterpenoids. Obviously, for the transverse sections in trama, especially in the basal part, the most intense bands at 950-1200 cm-1 corresponded to polysaccharide vibrations, while for the superficial sections, the bands of carbonyl and aliphatic groups of triterpenoids at 1310-1470, 1550-1740, and 2850-2980 cm-1 predominated. The pilei, especially hymenium tubes, apparently contained more proteins than the bases and stipes, as evidenced by the intense bands of amide vibrations at 1648 and 1545-1550 cm-1. The specificity of the Ganoderma basidiocarp is a densely pigmented surface layer rich in triterpenoids, as proved by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The spectral differences corresponding to the specificity of the triterpenoid composition may indicate the prospects of individual strains and species of this genus for cultivation and further use in food, cosmetics, or medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Synytsya
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (T.B.); (J.Č.)
| | - Roman Bleha
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (T.B.); (J.Č.)
| | - Anastasia Skrynnikova
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (T.B.); (J.Č.)
| | - Tamilla Babayeva
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (T.B.); (J.Č.)
| | - Jana Čopíková
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (T.B.); (J.Č.)
| | - František Kvasnička
- Department of Meat and Preservation, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ivan Jablonsky
- Department of Gardening, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Klouček
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
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New Inonotus Polysaccharides: Characterization and Anticomplementary Activity of Inonotus rheades Mycelium Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051257. [PMID: 36904498 PMCID: PMC10007321 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inonotus is a small genus of xylotrophic basidiomycetes and a source of bioactive fungochemicals among which a special place is occupied by polymeric compounds. In this study, polysaccharides that are widespread in Europe, Asia, and North America and a poorly understood fungal species, I. rheades (Pers.) Karst. (fox polypore), were investigated. Water-soluble polysaccharides of I. rheades mycelium were extracted, purified, and studied using chemical reactions, elemental and monosaccharide analysis, UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and linkage analysis. Five homogenic polymers (IRP-1-IRP-5) with molecular weights of 110-1520 kDa were heteropolysaccharides that consist mainly of galactose, glucose, and mannose. The dominant component, IRP-4, was preliminary concluded to be a branched (1→3,6)-linked galactan. Polysaccharides of I. rheades inhibited the hemolysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes by complement from human serum, signifying anticomplementary activity with the greatest effects for the IRP-4 polymer. These findings suggest that I. rheades mycelium is a new source of fungal polysaccharides with potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Compositional differences of β-glucan-rich extracts from three relevant mushrooms obtained through a sequential extraction protocol. Food Chem 2023; 402:134207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Beltrame G, Mattsson I, Damlin P, Han Z, Kvarnström C, Leino R, Yang B. Study of the sterile conk of Inonotus obliquus using 13C CPMAS NMR and FTIR spectroscopies coupled with multivariate analysis. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chitosan isolated from black soldier flies Hermetia illucens: structure and enzymatic hydrolysis. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Esteves CS, de Redrojo EM, Luis García Manjón J, Moreno G, Antunes FE, Montalvo García G, Ortega-Ojeda FE. Combining FTIR-ATR and OPLS-DA methods for magic mushrooms discrimination. Forensic Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Purification and Characterization of Fractions Containing Polysaccharides from Talinum triangulare and Their Immunomodulatory Effects. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies identified that extracts of Talinum triangulare rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids showed antioxidative and immunomodulatory activities. In this study, the L9 orthogonal array was used to determine the optimal extraction conditions for water-extracted polysaccharides of T. triangulare (TTP) by hot reflux extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) methods. Results showed that while both extraction methods obtained a maximum polysaccharide yield of 3.1%, the optimal conditions for obtaining TTP was by UAE method. TTP was separated into large (LTTP) and small (STTP) molecular weights by dialysis. Since LTTP showed better effects than STTP in inducing macrophages to produce nitric oxide (NO) and indirectly inhibiting human cervical cancer HeLa cells, six different LTTP fractions were separated using anion-exchange chromatography. Contents of polysaccharides, triterpenoids, polyphenols, and proteins and molecular weights of major polysaccharide in each fraction were analyzed. The F1 fraction of LTTP, which showed the highest inducing ability of mouse RAW264.7 macrophages to secrete NO and tumor necrosis factor-α, showed the most significant indirect inhibitory effect of human colon cancer SW620 cells. These results suggest that LTTP, especially the F1 fraction, of T. triangulare may be used in health foods or Chinese medicine for its immunomodulatory potential.
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Evaluation of the Cultivated Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus Basidiocarps Using Vibration Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fruiting bodies (basidiocarps) of the cultivated mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (16 strains) were characterized by vibration spectroscopy and chemometrics. According to organic elemental analysis and Megazyme assay, the basidiocarps contained ~6.2–17.5% protein and ~18.8–58.2% total glucans. The neutral sugar analysis confirmed that glucose predominated in all the samples (~71.3–94.4 mol%). Fourier-transformed (FT) mid- and near-infrared (FT MIR, FT NIR) and FT Raman spectra of the basidiocarps were recorded, and the characteristic bands of proteins, glucans and chitin were assigned. The samples were discriminated based on principal component analysis (PCA) of the spectroscopic data in terms of biopolymeric composition. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) models based on first derivatives of the vibration spectra were obtained for the prediction of the macromolecular components, and the regression coefficients R2 and root mean square errors (RMSE) were calculated for the calibration (cal) of proteins (R2cal 0.981–0.994, RMSEcal ~0.3–0.5) and total glucans (R2cal 0.908–0.996, RMSEcal ~0.6–3.0). According to cross-validation (CV) diagnosis, the protein models were more precise and accurate (R2cv 0.901–0.970, RMSEcv ~0.6–1.1) than the corresponding total glucan models (R2cv 0.370–0.804, RMSEcv ~4.7–8.5) because of the wide structural diversity of these polysaccharides. Otherwise, the Raman band of phenylalanine ring breathing vibration at 1004 cm−1 was used for direct quantification of proteins in P. ostreatus basidiocarps (R ~0.953). This study showed that the combination of vibration spectroscopy with chemometrics is a powerful tool for the evaluation of culinary and medicinal mushrooms, and this approach can be proposed as an alternative to common analytical methods.
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Biotechnological potential of soybean molasses for the production of extracellular polymers by diazotrophic bacteria. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Baeva E, Bleha R, Lavrova E, Sushytskyi L, Čopíková J, Jablonsky I, Klouček P, Synytsya A. Polysaccharides from Basidiocarps of Cultivating Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus: Isolation and Structural Characterization. Molecules 2019; 24:E2740. [PMID: 31357717 PMCID: PMC6696160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oyster mushrooms are an interesting source of biologically active glucans and other polysaccharides. This work is devoted to the isolation and structural characterization of polysaccharides from basidiocarps of the cultivated oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. Five polysaccharidic fractions were obtained by subsequent extraction with cold water, hot water and two subsequent extractions with 1 m sodium hydroxide. Branched partially methoxylated mannogalactan and slightly branched (1→6)-β-d-glucan predominated in cold- and hot-water-soluble fractions, respectively. Alternatively, these polysaccharides were obtained by only hot water extraction and subsequent two-stage chromatographic separation. The alkali-soluble parts originating from the first alkali extraction were then fractionated by dissolution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The polysaccharide insoluble in DMSO was identified as linear (1→3)-α-d-glucan, while branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-d-glucans were found to be soluble in DMSO. The second alkaline extract contained the mentioned branched β-d-glucan together with some proteins. Finally, the alkali insoluble part was a cell wall complex of chitin and β-d-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Baeva
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Bleha
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Ekaterina Lavrova
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Leonid Sushytskyi
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Čopíková
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Jablonsky
- Department of Gardening, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klouček
- Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Synytsya
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic.
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Liu J, Zha D, Chen X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li Z. Comparison of malachite green adsorption by two yeast strains using Raman microspectroscopy. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5533321. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Malachite green (MG), as a triarylmethane compound, poses a health hazard and causes considerable environmental concern. In this work, batch biosorption experiments were conducted under different operational conditions such as pH, contact time and adsorption dose to assess the optimal parameters of MG dye removal by yeast biomass from aqueous solutions. Then, the conventional biochemical assay was used to evaluate MG removal efficiency (75.18 and 95.85%) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis. In addition, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in combination with Raman microspectroscopy was employed to scrutinize the differences of dye removal between two types of yeast strains. This study demonstrates that Raman microspectroscopy may serve as a useful and powerful tool to quantitatively measure the content of MG dye on yeast cell surfaces in situ, and even offer an alternative new technique to seek potentially proper adsorbents for the removal of toxic dyes from industrial effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Liu
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
| | - Dongchen Zha
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
| | - Zihang Wang
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
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