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Pereira I, Monaghan J, Abruzzi LR, Gill CG. PAMAM-Functionalized Paper as a New Substrate for the Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry Measurement of Proteins. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7134-7141. [PMID: 37115227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Paper surface functionalization with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers has been developed for increased sensitivity analysis of proteins by paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). PAMAM is a branched polymeric compound with an ethylenediamine core linked to repeating PAMAM units that generates an outer surface rich in primary amines. These positively charged amine groups can interact electrostatically with negatively charged residues (e.g., aspartate, glutamate) on the protein surface. PAMAM inner amide moieties can also promote hydrogen bonding with protein surface oxygens, making PAMAM a useful material for protein extraction. PAMAM-functionalized PS-MS paper strips were used to extract proteins from biofluids, dipped in acetonitrile to remove unbound constituents, dried, and then measured with PS-MS. The use of this strategy was optimized and compared with unmodified paper strips. PAMAM-functionalized paper substrates provided sixfold greater sensitivity for albumin, 11-fold for hemoglobin, sevenfold for insulin, and twofold for lysozyme. The analytical performance of the functionalized paper substrate was evaluated through the analysis of albumin in urine, achieving linearity with R2 > 0.99, LOD of 1.1 μg mL-1, LOQ of 3.8 μg mL-1, precision better than 10%, and relative recovery 70-83%. The method was applied to quantify urinary albumin from nine anonymous patient samples (concentrations ranged from 6.5 to 77.4 μg mL-1), illustrating its potential for the diagnosis of microalbuminuria. These data demonstrate the utility of paper modification with the PAMAM dendrimer for sensitive PS-MS analysis of proteins, opening a path for further applications in clinical diagnosis through the analysis of disease-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pereira
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
| | - Joseph Monaghan
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Lucas R Abruzzi
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Chris G Gill
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1618, United States
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2
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Sen S, Ali R, Onkar A, Ganesh S, Verma S. Strategies for interference of insulin fibrillogenesis: challenges and advances. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100678. [PMID: 35025120 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of insulin came up with very high hopes for diabetic patients. In the year 2021, the world celebrated the 100 th anniversary of the discovery of this vital hormone. However, external use of insulin is highly affected by its aggregating tendency that occurs during its manufacturing, transportation, and improper handling which ultimately leads its pharmaceutically and biologically ineffective form. In this review, we aim to discuss the various approaches used for decelerating insulin aggregation which results in the enhancement of its overall structural stability and usage. The approaches that are discussed are broadly classified as either a measure through excipient additions or by intrinsic modifications in the insulin native structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Sen
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Rafat Ali
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Chemistry, Room No 131 Lab No2, CESE department IIT Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, INDIA
| | - Akanksha Onkar
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, INDIA
| | - Subramaniam Ganesh
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, INDIA
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Department of Chemistry, IIT-Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, INDIA
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Mishra V, Nayak P, Sharma M, Albutti A, Alwashmi ASS, Aljasir MA, Alsowayeh N, Tambuwala MM. Emerging Treatment Strategies for Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Complications: An Update. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1568. [PMID: 34683861 PMCID: PMC8538773 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly at an accelerating rate worldwide. The status of diabetes has changed over the last three generations; whereas before it was deemed a minor disease of older people but currently it is now one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among middle-aged and young people. High blood glucose-mediated functional loss, insulin sensitivity, and insulin deficiency lead to chronic disorders such as Type 1 and Type 2 DM. Traditional treatments of DM, such as insulin sensitization and insulin secretion cause undesirable side effects, leading to patient incompliance and lack of treatment. Nanotechnology in diabetes studies has encouraged the development of new modalities for measuring glucose and supplying insulin that hold the potential to improve the quality of life of diabetics. Other therapies, such as β-cells regeneration and gene therapy, in addition to insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs, are currently used to control diabetes. The present review highlights the nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems and emerging treatment strategies of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | - Pallavi Nayak
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana 142021, Punjab, India
| | - Mayank Sharma
- SVKM’s NMIMS School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Aqel Albutti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S. S. Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.S.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.S.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Noorah Alsowayeh
- Biology Department, College of Education, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11932, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
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4
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Lee SJ, Han YL, Park SJ, Park JW. Optimal generation number in magnetic-cored dendrimers as Pb(II) and Cd(II) adsorbents. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3412-3419. [PMID: 31074332 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1611935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As the generation number of dendrimers increases, more organic branches and terminal groups are synthesized on the surface. However, this may not be actual situations in all generations of dendrimers. Different generations of magnetic cored dendrimer (MCD) terminalized with amine functional groups were compared as adsorbents for heavy metal ions in water. To determine the optimal generation number as adsorbent, the maximal adsorption of lead and cadmium on generation 1, 2, and 3 (G1, G2, and G3) MCDs. Higher generation MCD had more organic contents and possibly terminal groups on its structure. However, G2 MCD was the highest in adsorbing both lead and cadmium. An acid-base titration was performed to quantify the amine functional groups. The active amine sites on G2 are 4.35 times as much as that of G1 and 0.12 times as much as that of G3, which coincided with the adsorption experimental result. Incomplete dendritic structure formation due to steric hindrance caused G2 MCD to be the most efficient among the three generations of MCDs in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Lim Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Jik Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Akbarian M, Yousefi R, Farjadian F, Uversky VN. Insulin fibrillation: toward strategies for attenuating the process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11354-11373. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The environmental factors affecting the rate of insulin fibrillation. The factors are representative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbarian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Biology
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute
- Morsani College of Medicine
- University of South Florida
- Tampa
- USA
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Mishra V, Yadav N, Saraogi GK, Tambuwala MM, Giri N. Dendrimer Based Nanoarchitectures in Diabetes Management: An Overview. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2569-2583. [PMID: 31333099 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716125332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes has turned out to be one of the biggest worldwide health and economic burdens, with its expanded predominance and high complexity proportion. The quantity of diabetic patients is expanding enormously around the world. Several reports have demonstrated the sharp increment in the sufferers. Stable and acceptable blood glucose control is fundamental to diminish diabetes-related complications. Consequently, ceaseless endeavors have been made in antidiabetic drugs, treatment strategies, and nanotechnology based products to accomplish better diabetes control. The nanocarriers pertaining hypoglycaemics provide improved diabetes management with minimum risk of associated side effects. Dendrimers have caught an incredible attention in the field of drug delivery and personalized medicines. Dendrimers are three-dimensional well-defined homogenous nanosized structures consisting tree-like branches. The present review highlights the different aspects of dendrimers including fabrication, surface engineering, toxicological profile as well as delivery of antidiabetic drugs for the effective cure of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Nishika Yadav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav K Saraogi
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Namita Giri
- School of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan MI4930, MA, United States
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7
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Mohsen AM. Nanotechnology Advanced Strategies for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:995-1007. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190307101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:Medications currently available for the management of diabetes mellitus are inconvenient and have some limitations. Thus, investigations for novel approaches are needed to deliver and target antidiabetics safely to the site of action.Objective:The present review emphasizes the limitations of conventional antidiabetics and provides the recent progresses of nanotechnology in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with a special highlight on the novel nanocarriers methodologies employed as antidiabetic drug delivery systems.Methods:The potential nanocarriers employed for the treatment of diabetes comprise liposomes, niosomes, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, polymeric nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, dendrimers and micelles. Herbal nanomedicine has also emerged to be a promising way for adequate delivery of herbal compounds. Other nanotechnology approaches involve the usage of oral insulin, inhalable insulin, artificial pancreas, and nanopump.Results:Nanocarriers have proved to lead a successful delivery of antidiabetic medications, aiming at drug targeting for enhanced efficacy and safety.Conclusion:These innovative generations of drug delivery systems have important benefits over conventionally existing ones. The future of nanotechnology in the management of diabetes is still open with several prospects and will be of pronounced significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohamed Mohsen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Wu N, Wang S, Yang Y, Song J, Su P, Yang Y. DNA-directed trypsin immobilization on a polyamidoamine dendrimer-modified capillary to form a renewable immobilized enzyme microreactor. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Gatti THH, Eloy JO, Ferreira LMB, Silva ICD, Pavan FR, Gremião MPD, Chorilli M. Insulin-loaded polymeric mucoadhesive nanoparticles: development, characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000117314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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10
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Kesharwani P, Gorain B, Low SY, Tan SA, Ling ECS, Lim YK, Chin CM, Lee PY, Lee CM, Ooi CH, Choudhury H, Pandey M. Nanotechnology based approaches for anti-diabetic drugs delivery. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 136:52-77. [PMID: 29196152 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology science has been diverged its application in several fields with the advantages to operate with nanometric range of objects. Emerging field of nanotechnology has been also being approached and applied in medical biology for improved efficacy and safety. Increased success in therapeutic field has focused several approaches in the treatment of the common metabolic disorder, diabetes. The development of nanocarriers for improved delivery of different oral hypoglycemic agents compared to conventional therapies includes nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes, dendrimer, niosomes and micelles, which produces great control over the increased blood glucose level and thus becoming an eye catching and most promising technology now-a-days. Besides, embellishment of nanocarriers with several ligands makes it more targeted delivery with the protection of entrapped hypoglycaemic agents against degradation, thereby optimizing prolonged blood glucose lowering effect. Thus, nanocarriers of hypoglycemic agents provide the aim towards improved diabetes management with minimized risk of acute and chronic complications. In this review, we provide an overview on distinctive features of each nano-based drug delivery system for diabetic treatment and current NPs applications in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Malaysia.
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Yeng Low
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ann Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Malaysia
| | - Emily Chai Siaw Ling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Malaysia
| | - Yin Khai Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Malaysia
| | - Chuan Ming Chin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Malaysia
| | - Pei Yee Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Malaysia
| | - Chun Mey Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Malaysia
| | - Chun Haw Ooi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Malaysia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Malaysia
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Improving the Thermostability of Acidic Pullulanase from Bacillus naganoensis by Rational Design. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165006. [PMID: 27764201 PMCID: PMC5072709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) plays an important role in the specific hydrolysis of branch points in amylopectin. Enhancing its thermostability is required for its industrial application. In this study, rational protein design was used to improve the thermostability of PulB from Bacillus naganoensis (AB231790.1), which has strong enzymatic properties. Three positive single-site mutants (PulB-D328H, PulB-N387D, and PulB-A414P) were selected from six mutants. After incubation at 65°C for 5 min, the residual activities of PulB-D328H, PulB-N387D, and PulB-A414P were 4.5-, 1.7-, and 1.47-fold higher than PulB-WT, and their Tm values (the temperature at which half protein molecule denature) were 1.8°C, 0.4°C, and 0.9°C higher than PulB-WT, respectively. Then the final combined mutant PulB-328/387/414 was constructed. The t1/2 of it was 12.9-fold longer than that of PulB-WT at 65°C and the total increase in Tm of it (5.0°C) was almost 60% greater than the sum of individual increases (3.1°C). In addition, kinetic studies revealed that the kcat and the kcat/Km of PulB-328/387/414 increased by 38.8% and 12.9%. The remarkable improvement in thermostability and the high catalytic efficiency of PulB-328/387/414 make it suitable for industrial applications.
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Szwed A, Milowska K, Ionov M, Shcharbin D, Moreno S, Gomez-Ramirez R, de la Mata FJ, Majoral JP, Bryszewska M, Gabryelak T. Interaction between dendrimers and regulatory proteins. Comparison of effects of carbosilane and carbosilane–viologen–phosphorus dendrimers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For nanoparticles to be used successfully in biomedical application, their interactions with biological fluids need to be investigated, in which they will react with proteins and other macromolecules.
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