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Guo H, Li H, Ran W, Yu W, Xiao Y, Gan R, Gao H. Structural and functional characteristics of pectins from three cultivars of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) pomaces. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132002. [PMID: 38702009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, structural properties, and biological properties of pectin polysaccharides (AP-FS, AP-QG, and AP-HG) isolated from different varieties of apple pomace. Based on the methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, the structure of AP-FS was determined to be composed of an α-1,4-linked homogalacturonan backbone that exhibited high levels of O-6 methylation. All pectins exhibit potent inhibitory activity against human colon cancer and human liver cancer cells, along with immunostimulatory effects. Among them, AP-FS exhibited the highest activity level. Finally, we further investigated the underlying mechanism behind the effect of AP-FS on RAW 264.7 cells using proteomics analysis. Our findings revealed that AP-FS triggers RAW 264.7 macrophage activation via NOD-like receptor (NLR), NF-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Therefore, our research contributes to a better understanding of the structure-function relationship among apple pectins, and AP-FS has the potential to be applied to dietary supplements targeting immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hang Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenyi Ran
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenyue Yu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Renyou Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Wang M, Zhang C, Xu Y, Ma M, Yao T, Sui Z. Impact of Six Extraction Methods on Molecular Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Young Hulless Barley Leaves. Foods 2023; 12:3381. [PMID: 37761090 PMCID: PMC10527962 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Young hulless barley leaves are gaining recognition for potential health benefits, and the method of extracting polysaccharides from them is critical for potential food industry applications. This study delves into a comparative analysis of six distinct fiber extraction techniques: hot water extraction; high-pressure steam extraction; alkaline extraction; xylanase extraction; cellulase extraction; and combined xylanase and cellulase extraction. This analysis included a thorough comparison of polysaccharide-monosaccharide composition, structural properties, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), and rheological properties among fibers extracted using these methods. The results underscore that the combined enzymatic extraction method yielded the highest extraction yield (22.63%), while the rest of the methods yielded reasonable yields (~20%), except for hot water extraction (4.11%). Monosaccharide composition exhibited divergence across methods; alkaline extraction yielded a high abundance of xylose residues, whereas the three enzymatic methods demonstrated elevated galactose components. The extracted crude polysaccharides exhibited relatively low molecular weights, ranging from 5.919 × 104 Da to 3.773 × 105 Da across different extraction methods. Regarding antioxidant activities, alkaline extraction yielded the highest value in the ABTS assay, whereas enzymatically extracted polysaccharides, despite higher yield, demonstrated lower antioxidant capacity. In addition, enzymatically extracted polysaccharides exerted stronger shear thinning behavior and higher initial viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.M.)
| | - Chuangchuang Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.M.)
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.M.)
| | - Mengting Ma
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.M.)
| | - Tianming Yao
- Department of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhongquan Sui
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.M.)
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Kakar MU, Karim H, Shabir G, Iqbal I, Akram M, Ahmad S, Shafi M, Gul P, Riaz S, Rehman R, Salari H. A review on extraction, composition, structure, and biological activities of polysaccharides from different parts of Nelumbo nucifera. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3655-3674. [PMID: 37457175 PMCID: PMC10345683 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera (lotus plant) is an important member of the Nelumbonaceae family. This review summarizes the studies conducted on it since the past 15 years to provide an understanding on future areas of focus. Different parts of this plant, that is, leaves, roots, and seeds, have been used as food and for the treatment of various diseases. Polysaccharides have been extracted from different parts using different methods. The manuscript reviews the methods of extraction of polysaccharides used for leaves, roots, and seeds, along with their yield. Some methods can provide better yield while some provide better biological activity with low yield. The composition and structure of extracted polysaccharides have been determined in some studies. Although monosaccharide composition has been determined in various studies, too little information about the structure of polysaccharides from N. nucifera is available in the current literature. Different useful biological activities have been explored using in vivo and in vitro methods, which include antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, anti-osteoporotic, immunomodulatory, and prebiotic activities. Antitumor activity from polysaccharides of lotus leaves is yet to be explored, besides lotus root has been underexplored as compared to other parts (leaves and seeds) according to our literature survey. Studies dedicated to the successful use of combination of extraction methods can be conducted in future. The plant provides a therapeutic as well as nutraceutical potential; however, antimicrobial activity and synergistic relationships of polysaccharides from different parts of the plant need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohib Ullah Kakar
- Faculty of Marine SciencesLasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS)UthalBalochistanPakistan
| | - Hammad Karim
- Sheikh Zayed Medical CollegeRahim Yar KhanPunjabPakistan
| | | | - Imran Iqbal
- Department of Information and Computational SciencesSchool of Mathematical Sciences and LMAMPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Life Sciences, School of ScienceUniversity of Management and Technology (UMT)LahorePakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS)UthalBalochistanPakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafi
- Faculty of Marine SciencesLasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS)UthalBalochistanPakistan
| | - Pari Gul
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of BalochistanQuettaPakistan
| | - Sania Riaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiosciencesCapital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan
| | - Rizwan‐ur‐ Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiosciencesCapital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan
| | - Hamid Salari
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of AgricultureKabul UniversityKabulAfghanistan
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Suh MG, Shin HY, Jeong EJ, Kim G, Jeong SB, Ha EJ, Choi SY, Moon SK, Shin KS, Yu KW, Suh HJ, Kim H. Identification of galacturonic acid-rich polysaccharide with intestinal immune system modulating activity via Peyer's patch from postbiotics of Phellinus linteus mycelial submerged culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123685. [PMID: 36796554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Interests in the development and exploration of industrial applications of medicinal mushrooms as postbiotics have lately increased. We recently reported the potential use of Phellinus linteus mycelial-containing whole culture extract (PLME) prepared by submerged cultivation as a postbiotic that promotes immune system activation. Here, we aimed to isolate and structurally elucidate the active ingredients in PLME by activity-guided fractionation. The intestinal immunostimulatory activity was evaluated by bone marrow (BM) cell proliferation activity and related cytokine production in C3H-HeN mouse-derived Peyer's patch (PP) cells treated with polysaccharide fractions. The initially crude polysaccharide (PLME-CP) of PLME prepared using ethanol precipitation was further fractionated into four fractions (PLME-CP-0 to -III) by anion-exchange column chromatography. BM cell proliferation and cytokine production of PLME-CP-III were significantly improved compared to those of PLME-CP. PLME-CP-III was then fractionated into PLME-CP-III-1 and PLME-CP-III-2 by gel filtration chromatography. Based on the molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide, and glycosyl linkage analyses, PLME-CP-III-1 was revealed as a novel galacturonic acid-rich acidic polysaccharide and further shown to play an important role in facilitating PP-mediated intestinal immunostimulatory activity. This is the first study demonstrating the structural characteristics of a novel intestinal immune system modulating acidic polysaccharide from P. linteus mycelium-containing whole culture broth postbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Geun Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; R&D Center Neo Cremar Cooperation Limited, 211 Jungdae-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05702, South Korea
| | - Hyun Young Shin
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Jeong
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Gaeuleh Kim
- Major in Food & Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong 27909, South Korea
| | - Se Bin Jeong
- Major in Food & Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong 27909, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Ha
- Major in Food & Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong 27909, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Choi
- R&D Center Neo Cremar Cooperation Limited, 211 Jungdae-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05702, South Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Yu
- Major in Food & Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong 27909, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong 17546, South Korea.
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MA Y, WANG Q. Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Lyophyllum decastes with MAPK-mediated immune regulation ability in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.003523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yisi MA
- Jilin Agricultural University, China; Changchun Second Middle School, China
| | - Qi WANG
- Jilin Agricultural University, China
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6
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Son SU, Kim HW, Shin KS. Structural identification of active moiety in anti-tumor metastatic polysaccharide purified from fermented barley by sequential enzymatic hydrolysis. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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7
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Effects of intravenous administration of polysaccharide purified from fermented barley on tumor metastasis inhibition via immunostimulating activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Guan T, Wei X, Xu P, Chen K, Zou Y, Chen M, Zhu Z. Comparison of structural and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide extracted from truffles. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2999-3012. [PMID: 35674229 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As the main component of truffles, polysaccharides have a variety of biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and hypoglycemic activity, and these activities are closely related to its structure. In this study, Tuber Aestivum crude polysaccharide (TACP) and Tuber Melanosporum crude polysaccharide (TMCP) were obtained from Tuber Aestivum and Tuber Melanosporum by using microwave-assisted hot water, and then the Sephadex G-200 column was utilized to further separate and purify Tuber Aestivum polysaccharide (TAP) and Tuber Melanosporum polysaccharide (TMP) from TACP and TMCP. The structural characterization results showed that the molecular weight of TAP was 2.18 × 104 kDa, while TMP was 8.79 × 103 kDa. Although the two polysaccharide components were mainly composed of mannose (Man) and glucose (Glc), the molar ratio of Man and Glc in TAP was 14.76: 12.31, with a molar ratio of 5.43:10.94 in TMP. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of two polysaccharide components was evaluated. TAP and TMP could protect porcine jejunal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells from oxidative damage by H2 O2 , but TAP exhibited stronger antioxidant effects. It was mainly reflected that TAP could increase the secretion level of intracellular antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in IPEC-J2 cells, and had a significant effect on the total antioxidant capacity of cells. The reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde had better scavenging ability at the concentration of 20 µg/ml. The difference between TAP and TMP may be due to the dissimilar structure. Its structure-activity relationship needs further study. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The structure of TAP and TMP were different, and TAP had higher molecular weight. Besides, TAP and TMP can protect IPEC-J2 cells from oxidative stress, providing a theoretical basis for developing potential antioxidant drugs of practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwei Guan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Pei Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Kebao Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Mengsi Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Comparison of physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharides from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grass at different growth stages. Food Chem 2022; 389:133083. [PMID: 35487082 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Barley grass polysaccharides (BGPs) are some of the major bioactive constituents of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grass (BG). They exhibit favorable biological activities and health benefits. In this study, seven BGPs were extracted from BG, which was harvested at three different growth stages (e.g., seedling, tillering, and stem elongation), by alkaline-extraction method. Their physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and biological activities were investigated and compared. Results demonstrated that the extraction yields, chemical compositions, monosaccharide constituents, and molecular weights of the seven BGPs obtained at different growth stages varied obviously. These BGPs had similar preliminary structural characteristics but different microstructures and thermal properties. Furthermore, the BGPs (BGP-Z12 and BGP-Z21) obtained at the seedling stage possessed stronger in vitro antioxidant potentials, cholic acid binding activity, and immunological activity than other BGPs. Therefore, these results indicated that that the seedling stage of BG was the preferable harvest time for preparing highly bioactive BGPs.
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Ai J, Yang Z, Liu J, Schols HA, Battino M, Bao B, Tian L, Bai W. Structural Characterization and In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Enzymatically Extracted Black Mulberry Polysaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3654-3665. [PMID: 35311256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically investigated the structural characterization and in vitro fermentation patterns of crude black mulberry fruit polysaccharides (BMPs), either extracted by water (BMP) or by enzymatic treatment. Different enzymatic treatments were pectinase-extracted (PE)-BMP, pectin lyase-extracted (PL)-BMP, cellulase-extracted (CE)-BMP, and compound enzymes-extracted (M)-BMP (pectinase:pectin lyase:cellulase = 1:1:1). Our results show that enzymatic treatment improved the polysaccharide yield and led to a different chemical composition and structure for the polysaccharides. Change dynamics during the in vitro fermentation indicated that BMPs could indeed be degraded and consumed by human fecal microbiota and that different BMPs showed different degrees of fermentability. In addition, BMPs stimulated the growth of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, inhibited the growth of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria (except for CE-BMP), and induced the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Furthermore, we found that BMP and PL-BMP exhibited better fermentability and prebiotic potential than the other polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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Xu Y, Zhang C, Liao Z, Li Z, Xu X, Sui Z, Corke H. Optimization of soluble dietary fiber extraction from hulless barley grass. Cereal Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Xu
- Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Chuangchuang Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Zhanghua Liao
- Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Zijun Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Xianming Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhongquan Sui
- Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program Guangdong Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Shantou China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
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Han HS, Kim SY, Shin JS, Lee HH, Chung KS, Rhee YK, Cho CW, Hong HD, Lee KT. Polysaccharide fraction isolated from the leaves of Hordeum vulgare L. protects against colonic inflammation of systemic immune responses. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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13
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SHIN KS, SEO H, LEE SJ, SUNG S, HWANG D. Polysaccharide isolated from Korean-style soy sauce activates macrophages via the MAPK and NK-κB pathways. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.06121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dahyun HWANG
- Hoseo University, Republic of Korea; Hoseo University, Republic of Korea
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14
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Oh JH, Chung JO, Lee CY, Yun Y, Park MY, Hong YD, Kim WG, Cha HY, Shin KS, Hong GP, Shim SM. Characterized Polysaccharides from Green Tea Inhibited Starch Hydrolysis and Glucose Intestinal Uptake by Inducing Microstructural Changes of Wheat Starch. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14075-14085. [PMID: 34784711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of green tea ethanol extract (GTE) and polysaccharide fractions from green tea (PFGs) on the hydrolysis of wheat starch, microstructural changes, and intestinal transport of glucose. The amount of resistant starch (RS) was significantly lowered in the water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP), water-soluble polysaccharide-pectinase (WSP-P), and water-insoluble polysaccharide-alkali soluble (WISP-Alk-Soluble; p < 0.05). The microstructures of gelatinized wheat starch granules with WSP, WSP-P, and WISP-Alk-Soluble were spherical with small cracks. The amount of intestinal transported glucose from digested wheat starch was 2.12-3.50 times lower than the control group. The results from the current study suggest that water- and alkali-soluble PFGs could be potential ingredients to lower starch hydrolysis as well as to control the postprandial blood glucose level when foods that contain starch are consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ho Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Chung
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yang Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Youngchan Yun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Park
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Deog Hong
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Gi Kim
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Cha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Pyo Hong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
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Li Q, Yang F, Hou R, Huang T, Hao Z. Post-screening characterization of an acidic polysaccharide from Echinacea purpurea with potent anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. Food Funct 2021; 11:7576-7583. [PMID: 32821898 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We extracted and purified three polysaccharides from Echinacea purpurea using pectinase-assisted extraction to obtain crude preparations and optimized the method using an orthogonal analysis. We obtained three polysaccharide fractions (EPPS-1, -2 and -3) using DEAE ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The homogeneity of the fractions was confirmed using high performance gel permeation chromatography. EPPS-3 administered to mice in a LPS-induced septicemia model effectively counteracted the effects of LPS resulting in significantly less lung damage. This trend was also seen in the serum and lung cytokine levels where EPPS-3 significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and increased IL-10. Particularly, we fully characterized the structure of the EPPS-3 polysaccharide using a series of technologies. This polysaccharide structure was mainly composed of →4)-α-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-Galp-(1→, T-α-Araf-(1→, →3,4)-β-GalpA-(1→ glycosidic linkages at a certain proportion. In sum, EPPS-3, with a clear structure, has potent anti-inflammatory activities and is a candidate for further development as an anti-inflammatory agent for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fenfang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ranran Hou
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Acute Oral Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Polysaccharide Fraction from Young Barley Leaves ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Foods 2020; 9:foods9060809. [PMID: 32575580 PMCID: PMC7353472 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides isolated from various plants are considered precious bioactive materials owing to their potent biological activities. Previously, we prepared a polysaccharide fraction (BLE0) isolated from young barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.), demonstrating its anti-osteoporotic and immunostimulatory activities. However, data regarding BLE0 toxicity is lacking. To establish its safety, in vitro genotoxicity (chromosomal aberration and bacterial reverse mutation assays) and acute oral toxicity assays were conducted. In the in vitro genotoxicity assays, bacterial reverse mutation and chromosomal aberration assays showed that BLE0 possessed no mutagenicity or clastogenicity. Furthermore, the median lethal dose (LD50) of BLE0 was higher than 5000 mg/kg in female and male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and no adverse effects were observed in terms of mortality and abnormal changes in clinical signs (body weight and necropsy). Based on these results, BLE0 was found to be safe with regards to genotoxicity under our test conditions, demonstrating no acute oral toxicity up to 5000 mg/kg in SD rats.
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Tian W, Dai L, Lu S, Luo Z, Qiu Z, Li J, Li P, Du B. Effect of Bacillus sp. DU-106 fermentation on Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide: Structure and immunoregulatory activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:1034-1042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Ren J, Hou C, Shi C, Lin Z, Liao W, Yuan E. A polysaccharide isolated and purified from Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco leaves, characterization, bioactivity and its regulation on macrophage polarization. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 213:276-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Kim HW, Shin MS, Lee SJ, Park HR, Jee HS, Yoon TJ, Shin KS. Signaling pathways associated with macrophage-activating polysaccharides purified from fermented barley. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:1084-1091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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20
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Lee SJ, In G, Han ST, Lee MH, Lee JW, Shin KS. Structural characteristics of a red ginseng acidic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I with immunostimulating activity from red ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:570-579. [PMID: 32617037 PMCID: PMC7322754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many researchers reported that the various immune activities of red ginseng are due to acid polysaccharides. But, the exact structural characteristics of the acidic polysaccharide in red ginseng have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we isolated the acidic polysaccharide from red ginseng and characterized the structural property of the active moiety of this polysaccharide, which contributes to the immunostimulatory activity of red ginseng. Methods A polysaccharide (RGP-AP-I) was purified from red ginseng via size-exclusion chromatography using Sephadex G-100. Immunostimulatary activity of RGP-AP-I was investigated via anti-complementory and macrophage stimulatory activity. The structure of RGP-AP-I was characterized by HPLC, sugar composition, β-glucosyl Yariv reagent and methylation analysis. Results Peritoneal macrophages stimulated using RGP-AP-I significantly augmented the production of various cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The primary structure of RGP-AP-I was elucidated by assessing its sugar composition and methylation analysis. RGP-AP-I is a 96 kDa acidic polysaccharide, and comprises nine different monosaccharides, which mainly include sugars such as rhamnose (Rha, 9.5%), galacturonic acid (GalA, 18.4%), galactose (Gal, 30.4%), and arabinose (Ara, 35.0%). RGP-AP-I exhibited an considerable reaction with the β-glucosyl Yariv reagent, revealing the presence of arabino-β-3,6-galactan. Methylation analysis indicated that RGP-AP-I comprises 21 different glycosyl linkages, such as 3-, 4-, 6- and 3,6-linked Galp; 5-linked Araf; 2,4-linked Rhap; and 4-linked GalAp, which are characteristics of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I). Conclusion we assumed that the immunostimulatory activity of RGP-AP-I may be due to the RG-I structure, which comprises a main chain with a repeating linkage unit, [→2)-Rhap-(1→4)-GalAp-(1→] and three groups of side chains such as (1→5)-linked arabinan, (1→4)-linked galactan, and arabino-β-3,6-galactan, which branch at the C(O)4 positions of Rha residues in the main chain of RGP-AP-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyo In
- Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tai Han
- Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyang Lee
- Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Lee
- Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Kwak BS, Hwang D, Lee SJ, Choi HJ, Park HY, Shin KS. Rhamnogalacturonan-I-Type Polysaccharide Purified from Broccoli Exerts Anti-Metastatic Activities Via Innate Immune Cell Activation. J Med Food 2019; 22:451-459. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Shin Kwak
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Dahyun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Chungnam, South Korea
- The Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Hoseo University, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Sue Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Choi
- BKbio Co., Ltd., Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
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Protective effects of a polysaccharide BLE0 isolated from barley leaf on bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:314-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Song YR, Han AR, Lim TG, Lee EJ, Hong HD. Isolation, purification, and characterization of novel polysaccharides from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves and their immunostimulatory effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:546-555. [PMID: 30685309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a crude water-soluble polysaccharide (LLWP-C) was extracted from lotus leaves and further purified by size exclusion chromatography, to obtain the two main polysaccharides, LLWP-1 and LLWP-3. Physical and chemical analyses showed that they were homogeneous polysaccharides in β-type glycosidic linkage. LLWP-1 was devoid of helical conformation, had a molecular weight of 85.1 kDa and was mainly composed of Rha, Ara, Gal, Glu, and GalA in a molar ratio of 7.0:24.8:28.0:6.0:26.4. LLWP-3 showed a helical conformation, had a molecular weight of 12.5 kDa and consisted mainly of Rha, Ara, Gal, Glu, Man, and GalA in a molar ratio of 6.6:9.8:15.0:8.9:6.1:47.2. It was demonstrated that LLWP-C and both purified LLWP-1 and LLWP-3 could effectively enhance the proliferation, phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO), and cytokine secretions by activating corresponding mRNA expression in macrophages, via MAPK and NF-κB pathways. LLWP-3 displayed the greatest immunostimulatory potential, followed by LLWP-1 and LLWP-C. These findings suggest that polysaccharides extracted from lotus leaf exert immunostimulatory activity that could be further investigated to develop functional foods and natural immunopotentiating therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ran Song
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Ram Han
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang XJ, Liu SF, Lu Y, Wang JY, Chen KS. Immunomodulatory activity of a fructooligosaccharide isolated from burdock roots. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11092-11100. [PMID: 35520210 PMCID: PMC9063030 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10091h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory activity of burdock fructooligosaccharide (BFO-1) on immune cells in in vitro normal mice, immunosuppressed mice treated with cyclophosphamide and S180 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Lu
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jian-yue Wang
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Kao-shan Chen
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs
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25
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Song YR, Sung SK, Shin EJ, Cho CW, Han CJ, Hong HD. The Effect of Pectinase-Assisted Extraction on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Polysaccharides from Aster scaber. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2839. [PMID: 30235870 PMCID: PMC6164288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The edible and medicinal perennial herb Aster scaber is known to have anticancer, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. However, the biological effects of its polysaccharides are not well understood. Here, we aimed to extract novel polysaccharides with enhanced biological properties from Aster scaber using enzyme-assisted methods. Amylase, cellulase, and pectinase were used to extract enzyme-assisted polysaccharide (ASEP)-A, ASEP-C, and ASEP-P, respectively. The yields, physicochemical properties, and immunostimulatory activities of the polysaccharides were investigated and compared with those of hot water extracted polysaccharide (ASWP). The highest yield (3.8%) was achieved for ASEP-P extracted using pectinase digestion. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and chemical composition analysis revealed that ASWP and three ASEPs were typical acidic heteropolysaccharides, mainly comprising rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid. Immunostimulatory activity assays on RAW264.7 macrophages showed ASEP-P to have the greatest immunostimulatory potential in terms of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine productions and phagocytic activity. ASEP-P administration improved immune-enhancing effects in normal mice by improving the spleen index and splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and in immunosuppressed mice by modulating lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and leukocyte counts. The ASEP-P derived from pectinase hydrolysate of Aster scaber demonstrated efficacious immunostimulatory properties and has potential applications as an immune stimulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ran Song
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Su-Kyung Sung
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Chun-Ji Han
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
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26
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Li D, Wang P, Wang P, Hu X, Chen F. Gut microbiota promotes production of aromatic metabolites through degradation of barley leaf fiber. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 58:49-58. [PMID: 29879614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Barley leaf (BL) contains abundant plant fibers, which are important substrates for the metabolism and degradation by the gut microbiota. Here we show that mice fed a diet supplemented with BL exhibited altered gut bacterial composition characterized by the enrichment of fiber-degrading bacteria Lachnospiraceae and Prevotella. Gut microbiota-mediated BL degradation promoted butyrate and propionate production. Metabolomic analysis showed increased aromatic metabolites such as ferulic acid, 3-phenylpropanoic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid in feces of mice fed with BL. Finally, antibiotic treatment and anaerobic fermentation confirmed the obligate role of gut microbiota in the production of aromatic metabolites during BL degradation. Together, these findings provide insights into a gut microbiota-mediated degradation process of BL fiber components, which results in the production of microbial-associated metabolites that may exert potential active effects on host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daotong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengpu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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27
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Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Functional Ingredients of Barley Grass for Chronic Diseases in Human Beings. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3232080. [PMID: 29849880 PMCID: PMC5904770 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3232080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Barley grass powder is the best functional food that provides nutrition and eliminates toxins from cells in human beings; however, its functional ingredients have played an important role as health benefit. In order to better cognize the preventive and therapeutic role of barley grass for chronic diseases, we carried out the systematic strategies for functional ingredients of barley grass, based on the comprehensive databases, especially the PubMed, Baidu, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI, between 2008 and 2017. Barley grass is rich in functional ingredients, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), flavonoids, saponarin, lutonarin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), K, Ca, Se, tryptophan, chlorophyll, vitamins (A, B1, C, and E), dietary fiber, polysaccharide, alkaloid, metallothioneins, and polyphenols. Barley grass promotes sleep; has antidiabetic effect; regulates blood pressure; enhances immunity; protects liver; has anti-acne/detoxifying and antidepressant effects; improves gastrointestinal function; has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antigout effects; reduces hyperuricemia; prevents hypoxia, cardiovascular diseases, fatigue, and constipation; alleviates atopic dermatitis; is a calcium supplement; improves cognition; and so on. These results support that barley grass may be one of the best functional foods for preventive chronic diseases and the best raw material of modern diet structure in promoting the development of large health industry and further reveal that GABA, flavonoids, SOD, K-Ca, vitamins, and tryptophan mechanism of barley grass have preventive and therapeutic role for chronic diseases. This paper can be used as a scientific evidence for developing functional foods and novel drugs for barley grass for preventive chronic diseases.
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Lee SJ, Lee HS, Kim SY, Shin KS. Immunostimulatory and anti-metastatic activity of polysaccharides isolated from byproducts of the corn starch industry. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 181:911-917. [PMID: 29254053 PMCID: PMC7112432 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Corn steep liquor (CSL) is a major by-product of the corn steeping process that is utilized in the wet milling industry. To develop new physiologically active polysaccharides from CSL, polysaccharides were isolated and their innate immunostimulatory and anti-metastatic activities were investigated. Corn byproduct polysaccharides (CBP) were preferentially isolated from CSL and further separated into supernatant (CBP1S) and precipitate (CBP1P) fractions. The anti-complementary activity of CBP1S was more potent than CBP1P and CBP. In addition, CBP1S enhanced production of macrophage-stimulating cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and IL-12) and natural killer (NK) cell-activating substances (e.g., granzyme and interferon-γ). Further, CBP1S significantly inhibited lung metastasis at a dose of 1000μg per mouse in an experimental lung metastasis model. These results suggest that CBP1S seems to promote the inhibition of lung metastasis through a mechanism leading to stimulation of the innate immune system, and CBP1S could be used as immunostimulating agents and for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, San 94-6, Ieudong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sung Lee
- Sandolfood, 1009-9, Seorak-ro, Sang-oan-ri, Hongcheon-eup, Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon-do, 25117, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, 84, Saengmyeonggwahakgwan-gil, Yeonbongri, Hongcheon-eup, Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon-do, 25142, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, San 94-6, Ieudong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-760, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Kim H, Lee SJ, Shin KS. Characterization of new oligosaccharide converted from cellobiose by novel strain of Bacillus subtilis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 27:37-45. [PMID: 30263722 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Six bacterial strains isolated from various Korean fermented foods were cultured in cellobiose-containing medium to investigate their potential for producing new kind of oligosaccharides. After bacterial culture in a liquid medium, each culture medium was concentrated and analyzed. TLC analysis revealed that only one strain (Bacillus subtilis SS-76) produced new spot on the TLC plate, indicating that it could converts cellobiose into a new oligosaccharide. Following purification of the culture supernatant of B. subtilis SS-76, the fractions containing the oligosaccharide produced were pooled, and the concentrated fraction was analyzed for its chemical and structural characteristics. By using various analytical techniques such as sugar composition analysis, glycosidic linkage analysis, and molecular weight determination, the new oligosaccharide was identified as glucotriose connected with (1 → 4) and (1 → 3) glycosidic linkages. In addition, the result of specific enzyme catalysis suggested that the new glucotriose might contain only β-configurations in their anomeric configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- 1Institute for Biomaterials, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Jung Lee
- 2Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, San 94-6, Ieu-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-760 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- 2Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, San 94-6, Ieu-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-760 Republic of Korea
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Effect of arabinoxylan- and rhamnogalacturonan I-rich polysaccharides isolated from young barley leaf on intestinal immunostimulatory activity. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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31
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Immunomodulatory effects of an acetylated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide on murine macrophages RAW264.7. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:576-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Structure elucidation of an immunostimulatory arabinoxylan-type polysaccharide prepared from young barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.). Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:282-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Structural and immunological feature of rhamnogalacturonan I-rich polysaccharide from Korean persimmon vinegar. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:319-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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