1
|
Wehn AC, Krestel E, Harapan BN, Klymchenko A, Plesnila N, Khalin I. To see or not to see: In vivo nanocarrier detection methods in the brain and their challenges. J Control Release 2024; 371:216-236. [PMID: 38810705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have a great potential to significantly improve the delivery of therapeutics to the brain and may also be equipped with properties to investigate brain function. The brain, being a highly complex organ shielded by selective barriers, requires its own specialized detection system. However, a significant hurdle to achieve these goals is still the identification of individual nanoparticles within the brain with sufficient cellular, subcellular, and temporal resolution. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on detection systems for tracking nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier and within the brain. We discuss commonly employed in vivo and ex vivo nanoparticle identification and quantification methods, as well as various imaging modalities able to detect nanoparticles in the brain. Advantages and weaknesses of these modalities as well as the biological factors that must be considered when interpreting results obtained through nanotechnologies are summarized. Finally, we critically evaluate the prevailing limitations of existing technologies and explore potential solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Clarissa Wehn
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Munich Medical Center, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Eva Krestel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany.
| | - Biyan Nathanael Harapan
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Munich Medical Center, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, CNRS UMR 7213, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin - CS 60024, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Igor Khalin
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14 074 Bd Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bonaccorso A, Ortis A, Musumeci T, Carbone C, Hussain M, Di Salvatore V, Battiato S, Pappalardo F, Pignatello R. Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery and Physico-Chemical Properties of Nanosystems: Analysis and Correlation Studies of Data from Scientific Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5619-5636. [PMID: 38882536 PMCID: PMC11179666 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s452316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the last few decades, nose-to-brain delivery has been investigated as an alternative route to deliver molecules to the Central Nervous System (CNS), bypassing the Blood-Brain Barrier. The use of nanotechnological carriers to promote drug transfer via this route has been widely explored. The exact mechanisms of transport remain unclear because different pathways (systemic or axonal) may be involved. Despite the large number of studies in this field, various aspects still need to be addressed. For example, what physicochemical properties should a suitable carrier possess in order to achieve this goal? To determine the correlation between carrier features (eg, particle size and surface charge) and drug targeting efficiency percentage (DTE%) and direct transport percentage (DTP%), correlation studies were performed using machine learning. Methods Detailed analysis of the literature from 2010 to 2021 was performed on Pubmed in order to build "NANOSE" database. Regression analyses have been applied to exploit machine-learning technology. Results A total of 64 research articles were considered for building the NANOSE database (102 formulations). Particle-based formulations were characterized by an average size between 150-200 nm and presented a negative zeta potential (ZP) from -10 to -25 mV. The most general-purpose model for the regression of DTP/DTE values is represented by Decision Tree regression, followed by K-Nearest Neighbors Regressor (KNeighbor regression). Conclusion A literature review revealed that nose-to-brain delivery has been widely investigated in neurodegenerative diseases. Correlation studies between the physicochemical properties of nanosystems (mean size and ZP) and DTE/DTP parameters suggest that ZP may be more significant than particle size for DTP/DTE predictability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bonaccorso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ortis
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Mazhar Hussain
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Battiato
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Pappalardo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Omidian H, Gill EJ, Dey Chowdhury S, Cubeddu LX. Chitosan Nanoparticles for Intranasal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:746. [PMID: 38931868 PMCID: PMC11206675 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript explores the use of nanostructured chitosan for intranasal drug delivery, targeting improved therapeutic outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric care, pain management, vaccination, and diabetes treatment. Chitosan nanoparticles are shown to enhance brain delivery, improve bioavailability, and minimize systemic side effects by facilitating drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. Despite substantial advancements in targeted delivery and vaccine efficacy, challenges remain in scalability, regulatory approval, and transitioning from preclinical studies to clinical applications. The future of chitosan-based nanomedicines hinges on advancing clinical trials, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and innovating in nanoparticle design to overcome these hurdles and realize their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (E.J.G.); (S.D.C.); (L.X.C.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghosh A, Majie A, Karmakar V, Chatterjee K, Chakraborty S, Pandey M, Jain N, Roy Sarkar S, Nair AB, Gorain B. In-depth Mechanism, Challenges, and Opportunities of Delivering Therapeutics in Brain Using Intranasal Route. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:96. [PMID: 38710855 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system-related disorders have become a continuing threat to human life and the current statistic indicates an increasing trend of such disorders worldwide. The primary therapeutic challenge, despite the availability of therapies for these disorders, is to sustain the drug's effective concentration in the brain while limiting its accumulation in non-targeted areas. This is attributed to the presence of the blood-brain barrier and first-pass metabolism which limits the transportation of drugs to the brain irrespective of popular and conventional routes of drug administration. Therefore, there is a demand to practice alternative routes for predictable drug delivery using advanced drug delivery carriers to overcome the said obstacles. Recent research attracted attention to intranasal-to-brain drug delivery for promising targeting therapeutics in the brain. This review emphasizes the mechanisms to deliver therapeutics via different pathways for nose-to-brain drug delivery with recent advancements in delivery and formulation aspects. Concurrently, for the benefit of future studies, the difficulties in administering medications by intranasal pathway have also been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Ankit Majie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Kaberi Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Swarup Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India
| | - Suparna Roy Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rana D, Beladiya J, Sheth D, Salave S, Sharma A, Jindal AB, Patel R, Benival D. Precise Fabrication of Ocular Inserts Using an Innovative Laser-Driven CaliCut Technology: In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1339-1350. [PMID: 38123067 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Ocular inserts offer distinct advantages, including a preservative-free drug delivery system, the ability to provide tailored drug release, and ease of administration. The present research paper delves into the development of an innovative ocular insert using CaliCut technology. Complementing the hot melt extrusion (HME) process, CaliCut, an advanced technology in ocular insert development, employs precision laser gauging to achieve impeccable cutting of inserts with desired dimensions. Its intelligent control over the stretching process through auto feedback-based belt speed adjustment ensures unparalleled accuracy and consistency in dosage form manufacturing. Dry eye disease (DED) poses a significant challenge to ocular health, necessitating innovative approaches to alleviate its symptoms. In this pursuit, castor oil has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent, offering beneficial effects by increasing the thickness of the lipid layer in the tear film, thus improving tear film stability, and reducing tear evaporation. To harness these advantages, this study focuses on the development and comprehensive characterization of castor oil-based ocular inserts. Additionally, in-vivo irritancy evaluation in rabbits has been undertaken to assess the inserts' safety and biocompatibility. By harnessing the HME and CaliCut techniques in the formulation process, the study demonstrates their instrumental role in facilitating the successful development of ocular inserts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhwani Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), India
| | - Jayesh Beladiya
- Department of Pharmacology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Devang Sheth
- Department of Pharmacology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), India
| | - Anil B Jindal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Rikin Patel
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University Gandhinagar Campus, Gandhinagar, 382028, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Patil GS, Nangare SN, Patil DA, Borhade DD, Patil GB. Design of quetiapine fumarate loaded polyethylene glycol decorated graphene oxide nanosheets: Invitro-exvivo characterization. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024:S0003-4509(24)00066-X. [PMID: 38685472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Quetiapine Fumarate (QF) is an atypical antipsychotic with poor oral bioavailability (9%) due to its low permeability and pH-dependent solubility. Therefore, this study aims to design QF-loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets (GON) for nasal delivery of QF. In brief, GO was synthesized using a modified Hummers process, followed by ultra-sonication to produce GON. Subsequently, PEG-functionalized GON was prepared using carbodiimide chemistry (PEG-GON). QF was then decorated onto the cage of PEG-GON using the π-π stacking phenomenon (QF@PEG-GON). The QF@PEG-GON nanocomposite underwent several spectral characterizations, in vitro drug release, mucoadhesion study, ex vivo diffusion study, etc. The surface morphology of QF@PEG-GON nanocomposite validates the cracked nature of the nanocomposite, whereas the diffractograms and thermogram of nanocomposite confirm the conversion of QF into an amorphous form with uniform distribution in PEG-GON. Moreover, an ex vivo study of PEG-GON demonstrates superior mucoadhesion capacity due to its surface functional groups and hydrophilicity. The percent drug loading content and percent entrapment efficiency of the nanocomposite were found to be 9.2±0.62% and 92.3±1.02%, respectively. The developed nanocomposite exhibited 43.82±1.65% drug release within 24h, with the Korsemeyer-Peppas model providing the best-fit release kinetics (R2: 0.8614). Here, the interlayer spacing of PEG-GON prevented prompt diffusion of the buffer, leading to a delayed release pattern. In conclusion, the anticipated QF@PEG-GON nanocomposite shows promise as a nanocarrier platform for nasal delivery of QF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav S Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405 Dhule (MS), India
| | - Sopan N Nangare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405 Dhule (MS), India
| | - Dilip A Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405 Dhule (MS), India
| | - Dinesh D Borhade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405 Dhule (MS), India
| | - Ganesh B Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405 Dhule (MS), India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mittal S, Shah S, Yadav HN, Ali J, Gupta MM, Baboota S. Quality by design engineered, enhanced anticancer activity of temozolomide and resveratrol coloaded NLC and brain targeting via lactoferrin conjugation in treatment of glioblastoma. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 191:175-188. [PMID: 37648174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The most dangerous type of high-grade astrocytoma is glioblastoma multiforme. The objective of the work was to engineer lactoferrin conjugated temozolomide and resveratrol co-loaded NLC for the treatment of glioblastoma using intranasal delivery for brain targeting. Synergistic activity of temozolomide and resveratrol was determined using combination index method and 1:1 ratio was selected. QbD approach was used to formulate and optimize NLC, with minimum particle size, maximum transmittance and entrapment efficiency using Central Composite Rotable Design (CCRD) method. The optimized LTR-NLC had desired average particle size (209.3 nm), narrow PDI along, high percentage transmittance (>95%) and better entrapment efficiency (95.26% of TEM and 87.59% of RES). From ex-vivo permeation studies it was found that the permeation at 24 h was 77.43 %, and 88.55 % from LTR-NLC and 25.76 % and 31.10% from suspension for resveratrol and temozolomide respectively. In comparison to drug suspension, NLC had nearly 3-fold increase in drug penetration. IC50 value was also significantly better in the groups treated with LTR-NLC. Hence it can be concluded that LTR-NLC may be an effective formulation for the treatment of glioblastoma, according to the findings of this investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, U.P., India.
| | - Sadia Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Harlokesh Narayan Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Madan Mohan Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Science, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago.
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vegad U, Patel M, Khunt D, Zupančič O, Chauhan S, Paudel A. pH stimuli-responsive hydrogels from non-cellulosic biopolymers for drug delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1270364. [PMID: 37781530 PMCID: PMC10540072 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1270364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, there has been significant growth in the design and development of more efficient and advanced biomaterials based on non-cellulosic biological macromolecules. In this context, hydrogels based on stimuli-responsive non-cellulosic biological macromolecules have garnered significant attention because of their intrinsic physicochemical properties, biological characteristics, and sustainability. Due to their capacity to adapt to physiological pHs with rapid and reversible changes, several researchers have investigated pH-responsive-based non-cellulosic polymers from various materials. pH-responsive hydrogels release therapeutic substances in response to pH changes, providing tailored administration, fewer side effects, and improved treatment efficacy while reducing tissue damage. Because of these qualities, they have been shown to be useful in a wide variety of applications, including the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs, biological material, and natural components. The pH-sensitive biopolymers that are utilized most frequently include chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, guar gum, and dextran. In this review article, the emphasis is placed on pH stimuli-responsive materials that are based on biological macromolecules for the purposes of drug administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udaykumar Vegad
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Megha Patel
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dignesh Khunt
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ožbej Zupančič
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, Austria
| | - Sanjay Chauhan
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, Austria
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salem HF, Ali AA, Rabea YK, Abo El-Ela FI, Khallaf RA. Optimization and Appraisal of Chitosan-Grafted PLGA Nanoparticles for Boosting Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effect of Duloxetine HCl Using Box-Benkhen Design. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:544-561. [PMID: 36063878 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Duloxetine HCl (DXH) is a psychiatric medicine employed for treating major depressive disorder. Nonetheless, its low water solubility, high first-pass metabolism, and acid instability diminish the absolute oral bioavailability to 40%, thus necessitating frequent administration. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to formulate DXH as nasal chitosan-grafted polymeric nanoparticles to improve its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Applying the Box-Behnken design, DXH loaded PLGA-Chitosan nanoparticles (DXH-PLGA-CS-NPs) were fabricated and optimized using polylactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), chitosan (CS), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the independent factors. Particle size, entrapment efficiency, release percent, and cumulative amount permeated after 24 h of DXH-PLGA-CS-NPs (dependent variables) were evaluated. The in-vivo biodistribution and pharmacodynamic studies were done in male Wistar rats. The optimized DXH-PLGA-CS-NPs had a vesicle size of 122.11 nm and EE% of 66.95 with 77.65% release and Q24 of 555.34 (µg/cm2). Ex-vivo permeation study revealed 4-folds increase in DXH permeation from DXH-PLGA-CS-NPs after 24 h compared to DXH solution. Intranasal administration of optimized DXH-PLGA-CS-NPs resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.05) Cmax, AUCtotal, t1/2, and MRT in rat brain and plasma than oral DXH solution. Pharmacodynamics investigation revealed that intranasally exploited optimal DXH-PLGA-CS-NPs could be deemed a fruitful horizon for DXH as a treatment for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba F Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Adel A Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Yasmine K Rabea
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, 62511
| | - Rasha A Khallaf
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drug delivery to the brain via the nasal route of administration: exploration of key targets and major consideration factors. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2023; 53:119-152. [PMID: 35910081 PMCID: PMC9308891 DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Cranial nerve-related diseases such as brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy are serious diseases that continue to threaten human. Brain-related diseases are increasing worldwide, including in the United States and Korea, and these increases are closely related to the exposure to harmful substances and excessive stress caused by rapid industrialization and environmental pollution. Drug delivery to the brain is very important for the effective prevention and treatment of brain-related diseases. However, due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier and the extensive first-pass metabolism effect, the general routes of administration such as oral and intravenous routes have limitations in drug delivery to the brain. Therefore, as an alternative, the nasal-brain drug delivery route is attracting attention as a route for effective drug delivery to the brain. Areas covered This review includes physiological factors, advantages, limitations, current application status, especially in clinical applications, and the necessary factors for consideration in formulation development related to nasal-brain drug delivery. Expert opinion The nasal-brain drug delivery route has the advantage of enhancing drug delivery to the brain locally, mainly through the olfactory route rather than the systemic circulation. The nasal-brain lymphatic system has recently attracted attention, and it has been implied that the delivery of anticancer drugs to the brain nervous system is possible effectively. However, there are limitations such as low drug permeability, as well as nasal mucosa and the mucociliary system, as obstacles in nasal-brain drug delivery. Therefore, to overcome the limitations of nasal-brain drug delivery, the use of nanocarriers and mucoadhesive agents is being attempted. However, very few drugs have been officially approved for clinical application via the nasal-brain drug delivery route. This is probably because the understanding of and related studies on nasal-brain drug delivery are limited. In this review, we tried to explore the major considerations and target factors in drug delivery through the nasal-brain route based on physiological knowledge and formulation research information. This will help to provide a mechanistic understanding of drug delivery through the nasal-brain route and bring us one step closer to developing effective formulations and drugs in consideration of the key factors for nasal-brain drug delivery.
Collapse
|
11
|
Derivation of composites of chitosan-nanoparticles from crustaceans source for nanomedicine: A mini review. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
12
|
Preparation, Characterization, In Vitro Release, and Antibacterial Activity of Oregano Essential Oil Chitosan Nanoparticles. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233756. [PMID: 36496563 PMCID: PMC9736546 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have unique functional properties, but their environmental sensitivity and poor water solubility limit their applications. Therefore, we encapsulated oregano essential oil (OEO) in chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) and used tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking agent to produce oregano essential oil chitosan nanoparticles (OEO-CSNPs). The optimized conditions obtained using the Box-Behnken design were: a chitosan concentration of 1.63 mg/mL, TPP concentration of 1.27 mg/mL, and OEO concentration of 0.30%. The OEO-CSNPs had a particle size of 182.77 ± 4.83 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.26 ± 0.01, a zeta potential of 40.53 ± 0.86 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 92.90%. The success of OEO encapsulation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the OEO-CSNPs had a regular distribution and spherical shape. The in vitro release profile at pH = 7.4 showed an initial burst release followed by a sustained release of OEO. The antibacterial activity of OEO before and after encapsulation was measured using the agar disk diffusion method. In conclusion, OEO can be used as an antibacterial agent in future food processing and packaging applications because of its high biological activity and excellent stability when encapsulated.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hathout RM, El-Marakby EM. Meta-Analysis: A Convenient Tool for the Choice of Nose-to-Brain Nanocarriers. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:647. [PMID: 36354558 PMCID: PMC9687115 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The intranasal route represents a high promising route of administration aiming for brain delivery. Yet, it represents one of the most difficult and complicated routes. Accordingly, scientists are in a continuous search for novel drug delivery vehicles such as the lipid and polymeric nanoparticles that are apt to enhance the bioavailability of the administered drugs to reach the brain. In this study, a certain number of publications were selected from different databases and literature. Meta-analysis studies using two different algorithms (DerSimonian-Laird and inverse variance) followed aiming to explore the published studies and confirm by evidence the superiority of nanocarriers in enhancing the brain bioavailability of various drugs. Furthermore, the quantitative comparison of lipid versus polymeric nanosystems was performed. METHODS The area under the curve (AUC) as an important pharmacokinetic parameter extracted from in vivo animal studies was designated as the "effect" in the performed meta-analysis after normalization. Forest plots were generated. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis confirmed the augmentation of the AUC after the comparison with traditional preparations such as solutions and suspensions. Most importantly, lipid nanoparticles were proven to be significantly superior to the polymeric counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania M. Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Baek MJ, Kim GH, Park JH, Kim J, Kang IM, Lee JI, Kim DD. Effect of phosphatidylcholine in bentonite-quetiapine complex on enhancing drug release and oral bioavailability. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
15
|
Central Composite Optimization of Glycerosomes for the Enhanced Oral Bioavailability and Brain Delivery of Quetiapine Fumarate. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080940. [PMID: 36015089 PMCID: PMC9412614 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to formulate and statistically optimize glycerosomal formulations of Quetiapine fumarate (QTF) to increase its oral bioavailability and enhance its brain delivery. The study was designed using a Central composite rotatable design using Design-Expert® software. The independent variables in the study were glycerol % w/v and cholesterol % w/v, while the dependent variables were vesicle size (VS), zeta potential (ZP), and entrapment efficiency percent (EE%). The numerical optimization process resulted in an optimum formula composed of 29.645 (w/v%) glycerol, 0.8 (w/v%) cholesterol, and 5 (w/v%) lecithin. It showed a vesicle size of 290.4 nm, zeta potential of −34.58, and entrapment efficiency of 80.85%. The optimum formula was further characterized for DSC, XRD, TEM, in-vitro release, the effect of aging, and pharmacokinetic study. DSC thermogram confirmed the compatibility of the drug with the ingredients. XRD revealed the encapsulation of the drug in the glycerosomal nanovesicles. TEM image revealed spherical vesicles with no aggregates. Additionally, it showed enhanced drug release when compared to a drug suspension and also exhibited good stability for one month. Moreover, it showed higher brain Cmax, AUC0–24, and AUC0–∞ and plasma AUC0–24 and AUC0–∞ in comparison to drug suspension. It showed brain and plasma bioavailability enhancement of 153.15 and 179.85%, respectively, compared to the drug suspension. So, the optimum glycerosomal formula may be regarded as a promising carrier to enhance the oral bioavailability and brain delivery of Quetiapine fumarate.
Collapse
|
16
|
Awad R, Avital A, Sosnik A. Polymeric nanocarriers for nose-to-brain drug delivery in neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1866-1886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
17
|
Zha S, Wong K, All AH. Intranasal Delivery of Functionalized Polymeric Nanomaterials to the Brain. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102610. [PMID: 35166052 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous delivery of nanomaterials containing therapeutic agents and various cargos for treating neurological disorders is often constrained by low delivery efficacy due to difficulties in passing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles (NPs) administered intranasally can move along olfactory and trigeminal nerves so that they do not need to pass through the BBB, allowing non-invasive, direct access to selective neural pathways within the brain. Hence, intranasal (IN) administration of NPs can effectively deliver drugs and genes into targeted regions of the brain, holding potential for efficacious disease treatment in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, current methods for delivering conjugated NPs to the brain are primarily discussed. Distinctive potential mechanisms of therapeutic nanocomposites delivered via IN pathways to the brain are then discussed. Recent progress in developing functional NPs for applications in multimodal bioimaging, drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics is also reviewed. This review is then concluded by discussing existing challenges, new directions, and future perspectives in IN delivery of nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zha
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| | - Angelo H. All
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Frigaard J, Jensen JL, Galtung HK, Hiorth M. The Potential of Chitosan in Nanomedicine: An Overview of the Cytotoxicity of Chitosan Based Nanoparticles. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:880377. [PMID: 35600854 PMCID: PMC9115560 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.880377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique properties and applications of nanotechnology in targeting drug delivery, cosmetics, fabrics, water treatment and food packaging have received increased focus the last two decades. The application of nanoparticles in medicine is rapidly evolving, requiring careful investigation of toxicity before clinical use. Chitosan, a derivative of the natural polysaccharide chitin, has become increasingly relevant in modern medicine because of its unique properties as a nanoparticle. Chitosan is already widely used as a food additive and in food packaging, bandages and wound dressings. Thus, with an increasing application worldwide, cytotoxicity assessment of nanoparticles prepared from chitosan is of great interest. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated status of cytotoxicity studies scrutinizing the safety of chitosan nanoparticles used in biomedical research. A search in Ovid Medline from 23 March 1998 to 4 January 2022, with the combination of the search words Chitosan or chitosan, nanoparticle or nano particle or nanosphere or nanocapsule or nano capsule, toxicology or toxic or cytotoxic and mucosa or mucous membrane resulted in a total of 88 articles. After reviewing all the articles, those involving non-organic nanoparticles and cytotoxicity assays conducted exclusively on nanoparticles with anti-tumor effect (i.e., having cytotoxic effect) were excluded, resulting in 70 articles. Overall, the chitosan nanoparticles included in this review seem to express low cytotoxicity regardless of particle composition or cytotoxicity assay and cell line used for testing. Nonetheless, all new chitosan derivatives and compositions are recommended to undergo careful characterization and cytotoxicity assessment before being implemented on the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Frigaard
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Institute of Clinical Odontology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Julie Frigaard,
| | - Janicke Liaaen Jensen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Institute of Clinical Odontology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Marianne Hiorth
- Section for Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Usama Ashhar M, Vyas P, Vohora D, Kumar Sahoo P, Nigam K, Dang S, Ali J, Baboota S. Amelioration of oxidative stress utilizing nanoemulsion loaded with bromocriptine and glutathione for the management of Parkinson's disease. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121683. [PMID: 35314276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is triggered by the formation of free radicals in dopaminergic neurons, which results in oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. The objective of the work was to relieve oxidative stress by employing intranasal delivery of Bromocriptine Mesylate (BRM) and Glutathione (GSH) loaded nanoemulsion for the better management of PD. The depth of permeation of the nanoemulsion was assessed through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) which revealed higher nanoemulsion permeation in contrast to suspension. Biocompatibility of nanoemulsion was confirmed by nasal cilio toxicity study. The DPPH study showed that the nanoemulsion had significant antioxidant activity. Biochemical estimation studies in Wistar rats were carried out in order to determine the effect of nanoemulsion on oxidative stress. The levels of GSH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were significantly enhanced; and the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was significantly reduced after the intranasal administration of nanoemulsion in the haloperidol-induced model of PD. Furthermore, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were also determined which reduced significantly after the administration of nanoemulsion. The oxidative stress levels were lowered with nanoemulsion, showing the combined antioxidant capability of BRM and GSH. The neuroprotective effect of the prepared nanoemulsion was confirmed by histopathological studies. Pharmacokinetic study revealed a higher concentration of BRM and GSH in the brain of Wistar rats after intranasal administration of nanoemulsion with a higher Brain/Plasma ratio. A higher value of AUC(0-8) of nanoemulsion in the brain after intranasal administration revealed that BRM and GSH remained in the brain for a longer period due to sustained release from nanoemulsion. According to the findings, BRM and GSH loaded nanoemulsion has the potential to provide a combined and synergistic anti-oxidant effect for efficient management of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usama Ashhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Preeti Vyas
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pravat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Kuldeep Nigam
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309, India
| | - Shweta Dang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Targeting neuroinflammation by intranasal delivery of nanoparticles in neurological diseases: a comprehensive review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:133-148. [PMID: 34982185 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation (NIF) plays an essential role in the pathology of neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. Despite progress in the drug discovery and development of new drugs, drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) still represents the challenge due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Targeting NIF may require an adequate amount of drug to cross the BBB. Recently, the intranasal (IN) drug administration has attracted increasing attention as a reliable method to cross the BBB and treat neurological disorders. On the other hand, using optimized nanoparticles may improve the IN delivery limitations, increase the mucoadhesive properties, and prevent drug degradation. NPs can carry and deliver drugs to the CNS by bypassing the BBB. In this review, we described briefly the NIF as a pathologic feature of CNS diseases. The potential treatment possibilities with IN transfer of NP-loaded drugs will enhance the establishment of more efficient nanoformulations and delivery systems.
Collapse
|
21
|
Garg Y, Kapoor DN, Sharma AK, Bhatia A. Drug Delivery Systems and Strategies to Overcome the Barriers of Brain. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:619-641. [PMID: 34951356 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666211222163025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transport of drugs to the central nervous system is the most challenging task for conventional drug delivery systems. Reduced permeability of drugs through the blood-brain barrier is a major hurdle in delivering drugs to the brain. Hence, various strategies for improving drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier are currently being explored. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer several advantages, including high chemical and biological stability, suitability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, and can be administered through different routes. Furthermore, the conjugation of suitable ligands with these carriers tend to potentiate targeting to the endothelium of the brain and could facilitate the internalization of drugs through endocytosis. Further, the intranasal route has also shown potential, as a promising alternate route, for the delivery of drugs to the brain. This can deliver the drugs directly to the brain through the olfactory pathway. In recent years, several advancements have been made to target and overcome the barriers of the brain. This article deals with a detailed overview of the diverse strategies and delivery systems to overcome the barriers of the brain for effective delivery of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, Pin. 151001. India
| | - Deepak N Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, Pin. 173229. India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, Pin. 173229. India
| | - Amit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, Pin. 151001. India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goel H, Kalra V, Verma SK, Dubey SK, Tiwary AK. Convolutions in the rendition of nose to brain therapeutics from bench to bedside: Feats & fallacies. J Control Release 2021; 341:782-811. [PMID: 34906605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain, a subtle organ of multifarious nature presents plethora of physiological, metabolic and bio-chemical convolutions that impede the delivery of biomolecules and thereby resulting in truncated therapeutic outcome in pathological conditions of central nervous system (CNS). The absolute bottleneck in the therapeutic management of such devastating CNS ailments is the BBB. Another pitfall is the lack of efficient technological platforms (due to high cost and low approval rates) as well as limited clinical trials (due to failures of neuro‑leads in late-stage pipelines) for CNS disorders which has become a literal brain drain with poorest success rates compared to other therapeutic areas, owing to time consuming processes, tremendous convolutions and conceivable adverse effects. With the advent of intranasal delivery (via direct N2B or indirect nose to blood to brain), several novel drug delivery carriers viz. unmodified or surface modified nanoparticle based carriers, lipid based colloidal nanocarriers and drysolid/liquid/semisolid nanoformulations or delivery platforms have been designed as a means to deliver therapeutic agents (small and large molecules, peptides and proteins, genes) to brain, bypassing BBB for disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, schizophrenia and CNS malignancies primarily glioblastomas. Intranasal application offers drug delivery through both direct and indirect pathways for the peripherally administered psychopharmacological agents to CNS. This route could also be exploited for the repurposing of conventional drugs for new therapeutic uses. The limited clinical translation of intranasal formulations has been primarily due to existence of barriers of mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity, enzyme degradation and low permeability of the nasal epithelium. The present review literature aims to decipher the new paradigms of nano therapeutic systems employed for specific N2B drug delivery of CNS drugs through in silico complexation studies using rationally chosen mucoadhesive polymers (exhibiting unique physicochemical properties of nanocarrier's i.e. surface modification, prolonging retention time in the nasal cavity, improving penetration ability, and promoting brain specific delivery with biorecognitive ligands) via molecular docking simulations. Further, the review intends to delineate the feats and fallacies associated with N2B delivery approaches by understanding the physiological/anatomical considerations via decoding the intranasal drug delivery pathways or critical factors such as rationale and mechanism of excipients, affecting the permeability of CNS drugs through nasal mucosa as well as better efficacy in terms of brain targeting, brain bioavailability and time to reach the brain. Additionally, extensive emphasis has also been laid on the innovative formulations under preclinical investigation along with their assessment by means of in vitro /ex vivo/in vivo N2B models and current characterization techniques predisposing an efficient intranasal delivery of therapeutics. A critical appraisal of novel technologies, intranasal products or medical devices available commercially has also been presented. Finally, it could be warranted that more reminiscent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships or validated computational models are mandated to obtain effective screening of molecular architecture of drug-polymer-mucin complexes for clinical translation of N2B therapeutic systems from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honey Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
| | - Vinni Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee D, Minko T. Nanotherapeutics for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery: An Approach to Bypass the Blood Brain Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122049. [PMID: 34959331 PMCID: PMC8704573 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or other central nervous system (CNS) disorders has always been a significant challenge. The nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the penetration of therapeutic molecules to the brain after oral or parenteral administration, which, in combination with hepatic metabolism and drug elimination and inactivation during its journey in the systemic circulation, decreases the efficacy of the treatment, requires high drug doses and often induces adverse side effects. Nose-to-brain drug delivery allows the direct transport of therapeutic molecules by bypassing the BBB and increases drug concentration in the brain. The present review describes mechanisms of nose-to-brain drug delivery and discusses recent advances in this area with especial emphasis on nanotechnology-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-445-6348
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Applications of innovative technologies to the delivery of antipsychotics. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:401-421. [PMID: 34601123 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis is a high-incidence pathology associated with a profound alteration in the perception of reality. The limitations of drugs available on the market have stimulated the search for alternative solutions to achieve effective antipsychotic therapies. In this review, we evaluate innovative formulations of antipsychotic drugs developed through the application of modern pharmaceutical technologies, including classes of micro and nanocarriers, such as lipid formulations, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), solid dispersions, and cyclodextrins (CDs). We also consider alternative routes of administration to the oral and parenteral ones currently used. Improved solubility, stability of preparations, and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters confirm the potential of these new formulations in the treatment of psychotic disorders.
Collapse
|
25
|
Quality-by-Design Approach Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Release Mechanism Elucidation of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Quetiapine Fumarate Oral Delivery. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-021-09567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
26
|
Shah B. Microemulsion as a promising carrier for nose to brain delivery: journey since last decade. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
27
|
Chitosan Nanocarrier Entrapping Hydrophilic Drugs as Advanced Polymeric System for Dual Pharmaceutical and Cosmeceutical Application: A Comprehensive Analysis Using Box-Behnken Design. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050677. [PMID: 33668161 PMCID: PMC7956268 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present research is to propose chitosan as a nanocarrier for caffeine—a commonly used drug in combating cellulite. Being a hydrophilic drug, caffeine suffers from insufficient topical penetration upon application on the skin. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with caffeine were prepared via the ionic gelation technique and optimized according to a Box–Behnken design. The effect of (A) chitosan concentration, (B) chitosan solution pH, and (C) chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio on (Y1) entrapment efficiency percent, (Y2) particle size, (Y3) polydispersity index, and (Y4) zeta potential were studied. Subsequently, the desired constraints on responses were applied, and validation of the optimization procedure was confirmed by the parameters exhibited by the optimal formulation. A caffeine entrapment efficiency percent of 17.25 ± 1.48%, a particle size of 173.03 ± 4.32 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.278 ± 0.01, and a surface charge of 41.7 ± 3.0 mV were attained. Microscopical evaluation using transmission electron microscope revealed a typical spherical nature of the nanoparticles arranged in a network with a further confirmation of the formation of particles in the nano range. The results proved the successful implementation of the Box–Behnken design for optimization of chitosan-based nanoparticles in the field of advanced polymeric systems for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications.
Collapse
|
28
|
Intranasal delivery of chitosan decorated PLGA core /shell nanoparticles containing flavonoid to reduce oxidative stress in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
29
|
Shah B, Khunt D, Misra M. Comparative evaluation of intranasally delivered quetiapine loaded mucoadhesive microemulsion and polymeric nanoparticles for brain targeting: pharmacokinetic and gamma scintigraphy studies. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Treatment in neurological disorders like schizophrenia requires continuous presence of drug in the brain for a prolonged period of time to achieve an effective therapeutic response. Delivery of antipsychotic drug quetiapine in the form of conventional delivery systems suffers from low oral bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, and frequent dosing. In addition to that biological obstacles present at the brain interface also hinders the transport of quetiapine across the brain. In the present study, nasal delivery of quetiapine loaded nanoparticles and microemulsion formulation were designed to evaluate their individual in vivo potential to achieve brain targeting. Chitosan-based polymeric nanoparticles and mucoadhesive microemulsion systems were developed through ionic gelation and water titration method respectively.
Results
Microemulsion showed globule size lower than 50 nm with 95% drug loading while, nanoparticles exhibited 65% drug loading with particle size of 131 nm. Nasal diffusion study showed highest diffusion with chitosan-based mucoadhesive microemulsion over nanoparticles suggesting permeation-enhancing effects of chitosan. Due to the overall hydrophilic nature, quetiapine-loaded nanoparticles could not diffuse superiorly across nasal mucosa, hence, showed 1.3 times lesser diffusion compared to mucoadhesive microemulsion. Pharmacokinetics in rats showed highest brain concentration and 1.9-folds higher nasal bioavailability with mucoadhesive microemulsion over nanoparticles suggesting direct brain transport through olfactory route bypassing blood-brain barrier.
Conclusion
Higher quetiapine transport with mucoadhesive microemulsion suggested that synergistic effects like tight junction modulation by chitosan and unique composition facilitating smaller globule size could be responsible for higher brain transport. Imaging study by gamma scintigraphy also supported pharmacokinetic outcomes and concluded that mucoadhesive microemulsion could be a promising nanocarrier approach for non-invasive nose to brain delivery.
Graphical abstract
Collapse
|
30
|
Ashhar MU, Kumar S, Ali J, Baboota S. CCRD based development of bromocriptine and glutathione nanoemulsion tailored ultrasonically for the combined anti-parkinson effect. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 235:105035. [PMID: 33400967 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bromocriptine Mesylate (BRM) acts as a dopamine receptor agonist along with antioxidant effect and is utilized in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol- reducing agent having antioxidant properties in the brain. Replenishment of GSH inside the brain can play a major role in the management of PD. Both BRM and GSH suffer from low oral bioavailability and poor absorption. The objective of the present study was to develop BRM and GSH loaded nanoemulsion for the combined and synergistic effect delivered through the intranasal route for the better and effective management of PD. After extensive screening experiments, Capmul PG-8 NF was selected as oil, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 as a surfactant and propylene glycol as co-surfactant. Ultrasonication technique was employed for the fabrication of nanoemulsion. Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to obtain the best formulation by optimization. Oil (%), Smix (%), and sonication time (second) were chosen as independent variables for the optimization. Particle size, PDI, zeta potential, % transmittance, pH, refractive index, viscosity and conductivity of the optimized nanoemulsion were found to be 80.71 ± 2.75 nm, 0.217 ± 0.009, -12.60 ± 0.10 mV, 96.00 ± 3.05 %, 6.48 ± 0.28, 1.36 ± 0.03, 30.12 ± 0.10 mPas and 214.28 ± 2.79 μS/cm respectively. Surface morphology demonstrated that nanoemulsion possessed spherical and globular nature of the particle which showed 3.4 times and 1.5 times enhancement in drug permeation in the case of BRM and GSH respectively as compared to suspension. MTT assay done on neuro-2a cell lines revealed that nanoemulsion was safe for intranasal delivery. Behavioural studies were carried out to prove the efficacy of optimized nanoemulsion in PD using forced swimming test, locomotor activity test, catalepsy test, rota-rod test, and akinesia test in Wistar rats. The outcomes of the behavioural studies revealed that BRM and GSH loaded nanoemulsion treatment showed significant improvement in behavioural activities of PD (haloperidol-induced) rats after intranasal administration. This study concluded that BRM and GSH loaded nanoemulsion could be promising for the combined and synergistic anti-parkinson effect for the effective management of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usama Ashhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Shobhit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH-58, Delhi-Roorkee Highway, Meerut, 250005 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kommineni N, Nottingham E, Bagde A, Patel N, Rishi AK, Dev SRS, Singh M. Role of nano-lipid formulation of CARP-1 mimetic, CFM-4.17 to improve systemic exposure and response in osimertinib resistant non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 158:172-184. [PMID: 33220423 PMCID: PMC7857068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGFR mutated NSCLCs have been shown to employ the use of CARP-1 in overriding the signaling inhibition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (such as Osimertinib). CFM 4.17 is a CARP-1 inhibitor which has a promising role in overcoming Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) resistance when used as a pre-treatment through promoting apoptosis. Lack of solubility, hydrophobicity leading to poor systemic exposure are the limitations of CFM 4.17. This can be overcome by nano lipid-based formulation (NLPF) of CFM 4.17 which can enhance systemic exposure in preclinical animal models as well as improve therapeutic efficacy in drug-resistant cancer cell lines. METHODS Molecular docking simulation studies were performed for CFM 4.17. CFM 4.17-NLPF was formulated by melt dispersion technique and optimized using a Box-Behnken designed surface response methodology approach using Design Expert and MATLAB. In vitro, CFM 4.17 release studies were performed in simulated gastric fluids (SGF-pH-1.2) and simulated intestinal fluids (SIF- pH-6.8). Cell viability assays were performed with HCC827 and H1975 Osimertinib resistant and non-resistant cells in 2D and 3D culture models of Non-small cell lung cancer to determine the effects of CFM 4.17 pre-treatment in Osimertinib response. In vivo pharmacokinetics in rats were performed measuring the effects of NLPF on CFM 4.17 to improve the systemic exposure. RESULTS CFM 4.17 was well accommodated in the active pocket of the active site of human EGFR tyrosine kinase. CFM 4.17 NLPF was optimized with robust experimental design with particle size less than 300 nm and % entrapment efficiency of 92.3 ± 1.23. Sustained diffusion-based release of CFM 4.17 was observed from NLPF in SGF and SIFs with Peppas and Higuchi based release kinetics, respectively. CFM 4.17 pretreatment improved response by decreasing IC50 value by 2-fold when compared to single treatment Osimertinib in both 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid assays in HCC827 and H1975 Osimertinib resistant and non-resistant cells of Non-small cell lung cancer. There were no differences between CFM 4.17 NLPF and suspension in 2D monolayer culture pretreatments; however, The 3D culture assays showed that CFM 4.17 NLPF improved combination sensitivity. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that CFM 4.17 NLPF displayed higher AUCtot (2.9-fold) and Cmax (1.18-fold) as compared to free CFM 4.17. In contrast, the animal groups administered CFM 4.17 NLPF showed a 4.73-fold (in half-life) and a 3.07-fold increase (in MRT) when compared to equivalent dosed suspension. CONCLUSION We have successfully formulated CFM 4.17 NLPFs by robust RSM design approach displaying improved response through sensitizing cells to Osimertinib treatment as well as improving the oral bioavailability of CFM 4.17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagavendra Kommineni
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Ebony Nottingham
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Arvind Bagde
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Nilkumar Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Arun K Rishi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Satyanarayan R S Dev
- Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States.
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pontillo ARN, Konstanteli E, Bairaktari MM, Detsi A. Encapsulation of the Natural Product Tyrosol in Carbohydrate Nanosystems and Study of Their Binding with ctDNA. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010087. [PMID: 33379388 PMCID: PMC7794917 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosol, a natural product present in olive oil and white wine, possesses a wide range of bioactivity. The aim of this study was to optimize the preparation of nanosystems encapsulating tyrosol in carbohydrate matrices and the investigation of their ability to bind with DNA. The first encapsulation matrix of choice was chitosan using the ionic gelation method. The second matrix was β-cyclodextrin (βCD) using the kneading method. Coating of the tyrosol-βCD ICs with chitosan resulted in a third nanosystem with very interesting properties. Optimal preparation parameters of each nanosystem were obtained through two three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken experimental designs and statistical analysis of the results. Thereafter, the nanoparticles were evaluated for their physical and thermal characteristics using several techniques (DLS, NMR, FT-IR, DSC, TGA). The study was completed with the investigation of the impact of the encapsulation on the ability of tyrosol to bind to calf thymus DNA. The results revealed that tyrosol and all the studied systems bind to the minor groove of ctDNA. Tyrosol interacts with ctDNA via hydrogen bond formation, as predicted via molecular modeling studies and corroborated by the experiments. The tyrosol-chitosan nanosystem does not show any binding to ctDNA whereas the βCD inclusion complex shows analogous interaction with that of free tyrosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rozaria Nefeli Pontillo
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; (A.R.N.P.); (E.K.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Evangelia Konstanteli
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; (A.R.N.P.); (E.K.); (M.M.B.)
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria M. Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; (A.R.N.P.); (E.K.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Anastasia Detsi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; (A.R.N.P.); (E.K.); (M.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Curcio M, Cirillo G, Rouaen JRC, Saletta F, Nicoletta FP, Vittorio O, Iemma F. Natural Polysaccharide Carriers in Brain Delivery: Challenge and Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1183. [PMID: 33291284 PMCID: PMC7762150 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery systems represent valuable tools to enhance the accumulation of therapeutics in the brain. Here, the presence of the blood brain barrier strongly hinders the passage of foreign substances, often limiting the effectiveness of pharmacological therapies. Among the plethora of materials used for the development of these systems, natural polysaccharides are attracting growing interest because of their biocompatibility, muco-adhesion, and chemical versatility which allow a wide range of carriers with tailored physico-chemical features to be synthetized. This review describes the state of the art in the field of targeted carriers based on natural polysaccharides over the last five years, focusing on the main targeting strategies, namely passive and active transport, stimuli-responsive materials and the administration route. In addition, in the last section, the efficacy of the reviewed carriers in each specific brain diseases is summarized and commented on in terms of enhancement of either blood brain barrier (BBB) permeation ability or drug bioavailability in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Jourdin R. C. Rouaen
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2031, NSW, Australia; (J.R.C.R.); (F.S.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Federica Saletta
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2031, NSW, Australia; (J.R.C.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2031, NSW, Australia; (J.R.C.R.); (F.S.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zorkina Y, Abramova O, Ushakova V, Morozova A, Zubkov E, Valikhov M, Melnikov P, Majouga A, Chekhonin V. Nano Carrier Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Advantages and Limitations. Molecules 2020; 25:E5294. [PMID: 33202839 PMCID: PMC7697162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases are one of the main causes of disability, affecting millions of people. Various drugs are used for its treatment, although no effective therapy has been found yet. The blood brain barrier (BBB) significantly complicates drugs delivery to the target cells in the brain tissues. One of the problem-solving methods is the usage of nanocontainer systems. In this review we summarized the data about nanoparticles drug delivery systems and their application for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Firstly, we described and characterized types of nanocarriers: inorganic nanoparticles, polymeric and lipid nanocarriers, their advantages and disadvantages. We discussed ways to interact with nerve tissue and methods of BBB penetration. We provided a summary of nanotechnology-based pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder and Alzheimer's disease, where development of nanocontainer drugs derives the most active. We described various experimental drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease that include vector nanocontainers targeted on β-amyloid or tau-protein. Integrally, nanoparticles can substantially improve the drug delivery as its implication can increase BBB permeability, the pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of applied drugs. Thus, nanotechnology is anticipated to overcome the limitations of existing pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders and to effectively combine various treatment modalities in that direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Zorkina
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Valeriya Ushakova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Zubkov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Marat Valikhov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Pavel Melnikov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Alexander Majouga
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zameer S, Ali J, Vohora D, Najmi AK, Akhtar M. Development, optimisation and evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles of alendronate against Alzheimer's disease in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin model for brain delivery. J Drug Target 2020; 29:199-216. [PMID: 32876502 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1817041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to develop alendronate (ALN)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-ALN-NPs) for brain delivery via intranasal route. These CS-ALN-NPs reduced the peripheral side effects and released ALN directly to brain. These NPs were formulated through ionic gelation technique by mixing sodium tripolyphosphate (1.5 mg/ml) in ALN-CS (1.75 mg/ml) solution. CS-ALN-NPs attained 135.75 ± 5.80 nm, 0.21 ± 0.013, 23.8 ± 3.69 mV, 72.46 ± 0.879% and 30.92 ± 0.375% mean particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and loading capacity, respectively. Furthermore, the TEM and SEM analysis of CS-ALN-NPs, respectively, revealed the particle size in 200 nm range and spherical shape. The in vitro and ex vivo release profile revealed a sustained drug release through CS-ALN-NPs as compared to pure drug solution. Also these NPs acquired a high concentration in mice brain and better pharmacokinetic profile than ALN solution (intranasal) CS-ALN-NPs were then evaluated against intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) induced Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathologies in mice. The intranasal CS-ALN-NP altered the ICV-STZ induced neurobehavioral, neurochemical and histopathological changes in mice. These effects were significant to those of ALN solution (intranasal). The neuroprotective potential of CS-ALN-NPs observed in ICV-STZ mice model of AD may be a promising brain-targeted delivery system for AD treatment along with further extensive exploration at both pre-clinical and clinical edge. HIGHLIGHTS CS-ALN-NPs were developed and optimised to overcome the poor pharmacokinetic profile and associated side effects of ALN CS-ALN-NPs showed particle size within 200 nm range as well as controlled and sustained release in in vitro release study These optimised NPs of ALN attained higher brain:blood ratio and better pharmacokinetic profile (Cmax, tmax, AUC) CS-ALN-NPs markedly altered ICV STZ induced impairment in cognitive functions of mice and changes in APP processing, neuroinflammatory cytokines and other biochemical parameters in mice hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zameer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dhas N, Mehta T. Cationic biopolymer functionalized nanoparticles encapsulating lutein to attenuate oxidative stress in effective treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: A non-invasive approach. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
37
|
Radaic A, Martins-de-Souza D. The state of the art of nanopsychiatry for schizophrenia diagnostics and treatment. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
38
|
Kang J, Cao D. Optimization of the silica-gel adsorption technique for the extraction of phytosterol glycosides from soybean lecithin powder using response surface methodology and artificial neural network models. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1971-1982. [PMID: 32529719 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterol glycosides (PGs), comprising both acylated steryl glycosides (ASGs) and steryl glycosides (SGs), are active ingredients with benefits for human use. Here, we aimed to optimize the silica-gel adsorption technique for the extraction of PGs from soybean lecithin powder, which contains 5 to 10% of these glycolipids. Both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were applied to optimize the PG extraction parameters (X1 = silica-gel dosage, X2 = adsorption temperature, and X3 = lecithin concentration) for high-purity phospholipid and PG production, and their prediction and optimization accuracies were compared. Although both models fitted well with the experimental data, the ANN model demonstrated better accuracy for predicting and optimizing the conditions using four interrelated dependent variables (Y1 = phospholipid yield, Y2 = ASG recovery, Y3 = SG recovery, and Y4 = PG purity) and had a higher coefficient of determination and lower root mean square error and absolute average deviation. After digitally setting the percentages of the four dependent variables for phospholipid and PG production, the ANN-optimized phospholipid product (Y1 = 88.07%, Y2 = 98.89%, Y3 = 100%, and Y4 = 49.03%) was acquired at X1 = 3.54 g/g, X2 = 26 °C, and X3 = 43 mg/mL, whereas the PG product (Y1 = 83.83%, Y2 = 97.64%, Y3 = 100%, and Y4 = 59.21%) was obtained at X1 = 2.00 g/g, X2 = 28.38 °C, and X3 = 41 mg/mL. In conclusion, the ANN method was better than RSM for the optimization of the silica-gel adsorption technique for PG extraction from soybean lecithin powder. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This paper lays a theoretical foundation for the optimization of the industrial production of phytosterol glycosides and the comprehensive utilization of lecithin resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Kang
- Natl. Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, Oil and Plant Protein Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Dong Cao
- Natl. Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, Oil and Plant Protein Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tan MSA, Parekh HS, Pandey P, Siskind DJ, Falconer JR. Nose-to-brain delivery of antipsychotics using nanotechnology: a review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:839-853. [PMID: 32343186 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1762563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orally-administered antipsychotics are effective in the management of psychosis-related disorders although generation-specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs) significantly hinder clinical outcomes, driven by issues such as patient non-compliance. Direct nose-to-brain (N2B) delivery of antipsychotics via the olfactory epithelium could avert peripheral ADRs by maximizing cerebral drug concentrations, and reducing drug levels in the periphery. However, there exist physicochemical challenges related to psychotropic drugs, alongside biochemical barriers associated with targeting the olfactory region. Nanotechnological approaches present a viable strategy for the development of intranasal antipsychotic formulations where drug stability, mucosal absorption and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-bioavailability can be optimized. AREAS COVERED This review explores the unique anatomical features of the nasal cavity as a pathway for antipsychotic drug delivery to the brain. Nanocarrier-based approaches to encapsulate antipsychotics, and enhance stability, absorption and bioavailability are explored. The aim of this review is to determine current knowledge gaps for direct N2B psychotropic drug delivery, and identify clinically acceptable strategies to overcome them. EXPERT OPINION The olfactory epithelium may be the most effective and direct administration route for antipsychotic delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). This research is novel and has the potential to revolutionize the mode of delivery of neurological medicines to the CNS in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine S A Tan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Harendra S Parekh
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Preeti Pandey
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dan J Siskind
- Mobile Intensive Rehabilitation Team, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service , Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland , Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - James R Falconer
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Islam SU, Shehzad A, Ahmed MB, Lee YS. Intranasal Delivery of Nanoformulations: A Potential Way of Treatment for Neurological Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081929. [PMID: 32326318 PMCID: PMC7221820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the global prevalence of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, glioblastoma, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis is steadily increasing, effective delivery of drug molecules in therapeutic quantities to the central nervous system (CNS) is still lacking. The blood brain barrier (BBB) is the major obstacle for the entry of drugs into the brain, as it comprises a tight layer of endothelial cells surrounded by astrocyte foot processes that limit drugs’ entry. In recent times, intranasal drug delivery has emerged as a reliable method to bypass the BBB and treat neurological diseases. The intranasal route for drug delivery to the brain with both solution and particulate formulations has been demonstrated repeatedly in preclinical models, including in human trials. The key features determining the efficacy of drug delivery via the intranasal route include delivery to the olfactory area of the nares, a longer retention time at the nasal mucosal surface, enhanced penetration of the drugs through the nasal epithelia, and reduced drug metabolism in the nasal cavity. This review describes important neurological disorders, challenges in drug delivery to the disordered CNS, and new nasal delivery techniques designed to overcome these challenges and facilitate more efficient and targeted drug delivery. The potential for treatment possibilities with intranasal transfer of drugs will increase with the development of more effective formulations and delivery devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Adeeb Shehzad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-6353; Fax: +82-53-943-2762
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bhattamisra SK, Shak AT, Xi LW, Safian NH, Choudhury H, Lim WM, Shahzad N, Alhakamy NA, Anwer MK, Radhakrishnan AK, Md S. Nose to brain delivery of rotigotine loaded chitosan nanoparticles in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and animal model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119148. [PMID: 32084576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rotigotine, a non-ergoline dopamine agonist, has been shown to be highly effective for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, despite its therapeutic potential, its' clinical applications were hindered due to low aqueous solubility, first-pass metabolism and low bioavailability. Therefore, we developed rotigotine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (RNPs) for nose-to-brain delivery and evaluated its neuronal uptake, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects using cell-based studies. The pharmacological effects of nose-to-brain delivery of the RNPs were also evaluated in an animal model of PD. The average particle size, particle size distribution and entrapment efficiency of the RNPs were found to be satisfactory. Exposure of RNPs for 24 h did not show any cytotoxicity towards SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, the RNPs caused a decrease in alpha-synuclein (SNCA) and an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in these cells, suggestion that the exposure alleviated some of the direct neurotoxic effects of 6-OHDA. Behavioral and biochemical testing of RNPs in haloperidol-induced PD rats showed a reversal of catalepsy, akinesia and restoration of swimming ability. A decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and an increase in catalase activities were also observed in the brain tissues. The results from the animal model of PD show that intranasally-administered RNPs enhanced brain targeting efficiency and drug bioavailability. Thus, RNPs for nose-to-brain delivery has significant potential to be developed as a treatment approach for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrat K Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Angeline Tzeyung Shak
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lim Wen Xi
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Meng Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammu K Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yokel RA. Nanoparticle brain delivery: a guide to verification methods. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:409-432. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many reports conclude nanoparticle (NP) brain entry based on bulk brain analysis. Bulk brain includes blood, cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels within the brain contributing to the blood–brain and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Considering the brain as neurons, glia and their extracellular space (brain parenchyma), most studies did not show brain parenchymal NP entry. Blood–brain and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers anatomy and function are reviewed. Methods demonstrating brain parenchymal NP entry are presented. Results demonstrating bulk brain versus brain parenchymal entry are classified. Studies are reviewed, critiqued and classified to illustrate results demonstrating bulk brain versus parenchymal entry. Brain, blood and peripheral organ NP timecourses are compared and related to brain parenchymal entry evidence suggesting brain NP timecourse informs about brain parenchymal entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Khunt D, Shrivas M, Polaka S, Gondaliya P, Misra M. Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Butter Oil in Targeting Delivery of Donepezil Hydrochloride Microemulsion to Brain via the Intranasal Route: a Comparative Study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:45. [PMID: 31900652 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the possible role of butter oil (BO) and omega-3 fatty acids-rich fish oil (O3FO) in the delivery of donepezil hydrochloride microemulsion (DH-ME) to the brain via intranasal route, the present study was conducted. DH:BO and DH:O3FO binary mixtures (9:1 to 1:9) were prepared by simple physical mixing and subjected to in vitro diffusion study. Ratios of DH:BO and DH:O3FO, which showed the highest diffusion, were selected for further development of microemulsion (ME). Globule sizes of DH-BO-ME and DH-O3FO-ME were found to be 87.66 ± 5.23 nm and 88.59 ± 8.23 nm, respectively. Nasal histopathological study and in vitro cytotoxicity study revealed the safety of the formulation. Higher percentage of nasal diffusion was found with DH-BO-ME (71.22 ± 1.21%) and DH-O3FO-ME (62.16 ± 1.23%) in comparison to DH-ME (59.69 ± 1.74%) and DH solution (55.01 ± 1.19%), which was further supported by in vitro cell permeability study. After intranasal administration, %bioavailability of drug in the rat brain (Sprague-Dawley rats)(on the basis of DH-ME IV) was higher with DH-BO-ME (313.59 ± 12.98%) and DH-O3FO-ME (361.73 ± 15.15%) in comparison to DH-ME (168.62 ± 6.60%) and DH solution (8.960 ± 0.23%). The results of ex vivo diffusion study and in vivo pharmacokinetic study suggested that BO and O3FO helped in enhancing the nasal permeability and the brain uptake of drug when administered intranasally.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sarma A, Das MK. Nose to brain delivery of antiretroviral drugs in the treatment of neuroAIDS. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2020; 1:15. [PMID: 34765998 PMCID: PMC7725542 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NeuroAIDS (Neuro Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) or HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) associated neuronal abnormality is continuing to be a significant health issue among AIDS patients even under the treatment of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Injury and damage to neurons of the brain are the prime causes of neuroAIDS, which happens due to the ingress of HIV by direct permeation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or else via peripherally infected macrophage into the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB performs as a stringent barricade for the delivery of therapeutics drugs. The intranasal route of drug administration exhibits as a non-invasive technique to bypass the BBB for the delivery of antiretroviral drugs and other active pharmaceutical ingredients inside the brain and CNS. This method is fruitful for the drugs that are unable to invade the BBB to show its action in the CNS and thus erase the demand of systemic delivery and thereby shrink systemic side effects. Drug delivery from the nose to the brain/CNS takes very less time through both olfactory and trigeminal nerves. Intranasal delivery does not require the involvement of any receptor as it occurs by an extracellular route. Nose to brain delivery also involves nasal associated lymphatic tissues (NALT) and deep cervical lymph nodes. However, very little research has been done to explore the utility of nose to brain delivery of antiretroviral drugs in the treatment of neuroAIDS. This review focuses on the potential of nasal route for the effective delivery of antiretroviral nanoformulations directly from nose to the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Sarma
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India.,Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam 781026 India
| | - Malay K Das
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Özcan Bülbül E, Mesut B, Cevher E, Öztaş E, Özsoy Y. Product transfer from lab-scale to pilot-scale of quetiapine fumarate orodispersible films using quality by design approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
46
|
Md S, Alhakamy NA, Aldawsari HM, Asfour HZ. Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Effect of Naringenin-Loaded Nanoparticles for Nose-to-Brain Delivery. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100275. [PMID: 31618942 PMCID: PMC6827151 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting in a decreased nigrostriatal availability of dopamine. Oxidative stress is one factor contributing to PD. Naringenin (NAR), a flavonoid, is a potent antioxidant shown to be beneficial in experimental PD. The clinical development of NAR has been hampered due to its low bioavailability resulting from gastrointestinal degradation, inefficient permeability, and low aqueous solubility. The objective of the present research was to formulate and characterize naringenin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NAR NPs) for nose-to-brain delivery. The cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and neuroprotective effects of NAR NPs were determined using the SH-SY5Y cell line in vitro. NAR NPs were prepared using the ionic gelation method and characterized by zetasizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission microscopy (FESEM). The average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and 24 h in vitro release profile were 87.6 ± 8.47 nm, 0.31 ± 0.04, 15.36 ± 2.05 mV, 91.12 ± 2.99%, and 54.80 ± 4.22%, respectively. The percentage NAR permeation through nasal mucosa from NPs was found to be 67.90 ± 0.72%. Cellular uptake of prepared NPs was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Neuroprotective activity of NAR NPs was evaluated through viability assays and by estimating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. NAR NPs showed enhanced neuroprotective ability and antioxidant effect against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. However, animal studies are necessary to establish the potential of NAR NPs to be an effective carrier for the treatment of PD for nose-to-brain delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hibah M Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hani Zakaria Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang Z, Xiong G, Tsang WC, Schätzlein AG, Uchegbu IF. Nose-to-Brain Delivery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:593-601. [PMID: 31126978 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of neurologic disorders is rising, and yet we are still unable to deliver most drug molecules, in therapeutic quantities, to the brain. The blood brain barrier consists of a tight layer of endothelial cells surrounded by astrocyte foot processes, and these anatomic features constitute a significant barrier to drug transport from the blood to the brain. One way to bypass the blood brain barrier and thus treat diseases of the brain is to use the nasal route of administration and deposit drugs at the olfactory region of the nares, from where they travel to the brain via mechanisms that are still not clearly understood, with travel across nerve fibers and travel via a perivascular pathway both being hypothesized. The nose-to-brain route has been demonstrated repeatedly in preclinical models, with both solution and particulate formulations. The nose-to-brain route has also been demonstrated in human studies with solution and particle formulations. The entry of device manufacturers into the arena will enable the benefits of this delivery route to become translated into approved products. The key factors that determine the efficacy of delivery via this route include the following: delivery to the olfactory area of the nares as opposed to the respiratory region, a longer retention time at the nasal mucosal surface, penetration enhancement of the active through the nasal epithelia, and a reduction in drug metabolism in the nasal cavity. Indications where nose-to-brain products are likely to emerge first include the following: neurodegeneration, post-traumatic stress disorder, pain, and glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zian Wang
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (Z.-a.W., G.X., W.C.T., A.G.S., I.F.U.); and Nanomerics, London, United Kingdom (A.G.S., I.F.U.)
| | - Guojun Xiong
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (Z.-a.W., G.X., W.C.T., A.G.S., I.F.U.); and Nanomerics, London, United Kingdom (A.G.S., I.F.U.)
| | - Wai Chun Tsang
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (Z.-a.W., G.X., W.C.T., A.G.S., I.F.U.); and Nanomerics, London, United Kingdom (A.G.S., I.F.U.)
| | - Andreas G Schätzlein
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (Z.-a.W., G.X., W.C.T., A.G.S., I.F.U.); and Nanomerics, London, United Kingdom (A.G.S., I.F.U.)
| | - Ijeoma F Uchegbu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (Z.-a.W., G.X., W.C.T., A.G.S., I.F.U.); and Nanomerics, London, United Kingdom (A.G.S., I.F.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Qureshi M, Aqil M, Imam SS, Ahad A, Sultana Y. Formulation and Evaluation of Neuroactive Drug Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticle for Nose to Brain Delivery: In-vitro Characterization and In-vivo Behavior Study. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:123-135. [PMID: 30317997 DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666181011121750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present work was designed to explore the efficacy of neuroactive drug (risperidone) loaded chitosan lipid nanoparticle (RIS-CH-LNPs) to enhance the bioactivity in schizophrenia via the nasal route. METHODS The three-factor and three-level formulation by design approach was used for optimization and their effects were observed on (Y1) size in nm, (Y2) % drug loading, and (Y3) % drug release. The optimized formulation RIS-CH-LNPopt was further evaluated for its surface morphology, ex-vivo permeation study, in-vivo behavior study, and stability study. The developed RIS-CH-LNPs showed nanometric size range with high drug loading and prolonged drug release. RESULTS The optimized formulation (RIS-CH-LNPopt) has shown the particle size (132.7 nm), drug loading (7.6 %), drug release (80.7 %) and further ex-vivo permeation study showed 2.32 fold enhancement over RIS-SUS(suspension). In-vivo behavior studies showed that RIS-CH-LNPopt is able to show significant greater bioefficacy as compared to RIS-SUS [intranasal (i.n), intravenous (i.v)]. The pharmacokinetic and brain/plasma ratio of developed chitosan nanoparticle was higher at all time-points as compared to RIS-SUS either given by intranasal or intravenous route that proves the direct nose to brain transport pathway of the drug via nasal administration. The developed chitosan nanoparticle increases nose to brain drug delivery as compared to the dispersion of equivalent dose. CONCLUSION The findings of this study substantiate the existence of a direct nose-to-brain delivery route for RIS-CH-LNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M.B. Road, New Delhi- 110062, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M.B. Road, New Delhi- 110062, India
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M.B. Road, New Delhi- 110062, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tzeyung AS, Md S, Bhattamisra SK, Madheswaran T, Alhakamy NA, Aldawsari HM, Radhakrishnan AK. Fabrication, Optimization, and Evaluation of Rotigotine-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Nose-To-Brain Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E26. [PMID: 30634665 PMCID: PMC6359179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop, optimize, and evaluate rotigotine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (RNPs) for nose-to-brain delivery. Rotigotine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method and optimized for various parameters such as the effect of chitosan, sodium tripolyphosphate, rotigotine concentration on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using photon correlation spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The developed RNPs showed a small hydrodynamic particle size (75.37 ± 3.37 nm), small PDI (0.368 ± 0.02), satisfactory zeta potential (25.53 ± 0.45 mV), and very high entrapment efficiency (96.08 ± 0.01). The 24-h in vitro release and ex vivo nasal permeation of rotigotine from the nanoparticles were 49.45 ± 2.09% and 92.15 ± 4.74% while rotigotine solution showed corresponding values of 95.96 ± 1.79%and 58.22 ± 1.75%, respectively. The overall improvement ratio for flux and permeability coefficient were found to be 4.88 and 2.67 when compared with rotigotine solution. A histopathological study showed that the nanoparticulate formulation produced no toxicity or structural damage to nasal mucosa. Our results indicated that rotigotine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles provide an efficient carrier for nose-to-brain delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Shak Tzeyung
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hibah M Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ammu K Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|