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Chen L, Xie Y, Chen X, Li H, Lu Y, Yu H, Zheng D. O-carboxymethyl chitosan in biomedicine: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133465. [PMID: 38945322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) is a chitosan derivative produced through the substitution of hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups in glucosamine units with carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) substituents, effectively addressing the inherent solubility issues of chitosan in aqueous solutions. O-CMC has garnered significant interest due to its enhanced solubility, elevated viscosity, minimal toxicity, and advantageous biocompatibility properties. Furthermore, O-CMC demonstrates antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant characteristics, rendering it a promising candidate for various biomedical uses such as wound healing, tissue engineering, anti-tumor therapies, biosensors, and bioimaging. Additionally, O-CMC is well-suited for the fabrication of nanoparticles, hydrogels, films, microcapsules, and tablets, offering opportunities for effective drug delivery systems. This review outlines the distinctive features of O-CMC, offers analyses of advancements and future potential based on current research, examines significant obstacles for clinical implementation, and foresees its ongoing significant impacts in the realm of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yandi Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hengyi Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youguang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Liao Y, Wei F, He Z, He J, Ai Y, Guo C, Zhou L, Luo D, Li C, Wen Y, Zeng J, Ma X. Animal-derived natural products for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: current evidence and future perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1399882. [PMID: 38803433 PMCID: PMC11129636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1399882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high morbidity and mortality rate, and the survival rate of HCC patients remains low. Animal medicines have been used as potential therapeutic tools throughout the long history due to their different structures of biologically active substances with high affinity to the human body. Here, we focus on the effects and the mechanism of action of animal-derived natural products against HCC, which were searched in databases encompassing Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Springer Link, and EBSCO. A total of 24 natural products from 12 animals were summarized. Our study found that these natural products have potent anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects. The mechanism of action involving apoptosis induction, autophagy induction, anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and anti-drug resistance via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Ras/extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Wnt/β-catenin, and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways. Huachansu injection and sodium cantharidate have been used in clinical applications with good efficacy. We review the potential of animal-derived natural products and their derivatives in the treatment of HCC to date and summarize their application prospect and toxic side effects, hoping to provide a reference for drug development for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Wei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhelin He
- Endoscopy Center, Guang’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang’an, China
| | - Jingxue He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanlin Ai
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cui Guo
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengen Li
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Nomier YA, Alshahrani S, Elsabahy M, Asaad GF, Hassan A, El-Dakroury WA. Ameliorative effect of chitosan nanoparticles against carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2134-2144. [PMID: 36305518 PMCID: PMC9621247 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2136208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chitosan is a biocompatible polysaccharide that has been widely exploited in biomedical and drug delivery applications. OBJECTIVE This study explores the renoprotective effect of chitosan nanoparticles in vivo in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared via ionotropic gelation method, and several in vitro characterizations were performed, including measurements of particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups; negative control, CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity (untreated), and two groups receiving CCl4 + chitosan NPs (10 and 20 mg/kg) orally for 2 weeks. The renoprotective effect was assessed by measuring oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory biomarkers, and via histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations for the visualization of NF-κB and COX-2 in renal tissues. RESULTS Monodisperse spherical nanosized (56 nm) particles were successfully prepared as evidenced by dynamic light scattering and TEM. Oral administration of chitosan nanoparticles (10 and 20 mg/kg) concurrently with CCl4 for 2 weeks resulted in 13.6% and 21.5% reduction in serum creatinine and increase in the level of depleted reduced glutathione (23.1% and 31.8%), respectively, when compared with the positive control group. Chitosan nanoparticles (20 mg/kg) revealed a significant (p ˂ 0.05) decrease in malondialdehyde levels (30.6%), tumour necrosis factor-α (33.6%), interleukin-1β (31.1%), and caspase-3 (36.6%). CONCLUSIONS Chitosan nanoparticles afforded significant protection and amelioration against CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, chitosan nanoparticles could afford a potential nanotherapeutic system for the management of nephrotoxicity which allows for broadening their role in biomedical delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra A. Nomier
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- School of Biotechnology and Science Academy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gihan F. Asaad
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa A. El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Püsküllüoğlu M, Michalak I. An ocean of possibilities: a review of marine organisms as sources of nanoparticles for cancer care. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1695-1719. [PMID: 36562416 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seas and oceans have been explored for the last 70 years in search of new compounds that can support the battle against cancer. Marine polysaccharides can act as nanomaterials for medical applications and marine-derived bioactive compounds can be applied for the biosynthesis of metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles. Nanooncology can be used in numerous fields including diagnostics, serving as drug carriers or acting as drugs. This review focuses on marine-derived nanoparticles with potential oncological applications. It classifies organisms used for nanoparticle production, explains the production process, presents different types of nanoparticles with prospective applications in oncology, describes the molecular pathways responsible for numerous nanomedicine applications, tags areas of nanoparticle implementation in oncology and speculates about future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Püsküllüoğlu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków Branch, Garncarska 11, Kraków, 31-115, Poland
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Wrocław University of Science & Technology, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Smoluchowskiego 25, Wrocław, 50-370, Poland
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Ferreira PG, Ferreira VF, da Silva FDC, Freitas CS, Pereira PR, Paschoalin VMF. Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061307. [PMID: 35745879 PMCID: PMC9228519 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan displays a dual function, acting as both an active ingredient and/or carrier for pharmaceutical bioactive molecules and metal ions. Its hydroxyl- and amino-reactive groups and acetylation degree can be used to adjust this biopolymer's physicochemical and pharmacological properties in different forms, including scaffolds, nanoparticles, fibers, sponges, films, and hydrogels, among others. In terms of pharmacological purposes, chitosan association with different polymers and the immobilization or entrapment of bioactive agents are effective strategies to achieve desired biological responses. Chitosan biocompatibility, water entrapment within nanofibrils, antioxidant character, and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, whether enhanced by other active components or not, ensure skin moisturization, as well as protection against bacteria colonization and oxidative imbalance. Chitosan-based nanomaterials can maintain or reconstruct skin architecture through topical or systemic delivery of hydrophilic or hydrophobic pharmaceuticals at controlled rates to treat skin affections, such as acne, inflammatory manifestations, wounds, or even tumorigenesis, by coating chemotherapy drugs. Herein, chitosan obtention, physicochemical characteristics, chemical modifications, and interactions with bioactive agents are presented and discussed. Molecular mechanisms involved in chitosan skin protection and recovery are highlighted by overlapping the events orchestrated by the signaling molecules secreted by different cell types to reconstitute healthy skin tissue structures and components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garcia Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para a Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24241-000, RJ, Brazil; (P.G.F.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para a Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24241-000, RJ, Brazil; (P.G.F.); (V.F.F.)
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24241-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Carvalho da Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Cyntia Silva Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (P.R.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencia de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ribeiro Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (P.R.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencia de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PGQu), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (P.R.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencia de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PGQu), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(21)-3938-7362
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6
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Recent advances of chitosan-based polymers in biomedical applications and environmental protection. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [PMCID: PMC9167648 DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interest in polymer-based biomaterials such as chitosan and its modifications and also the methods of their application in various fields of science is uninterruptedly growing. Owing to unique physicochemical, biological, ecological, physiological properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, stability in the natural environment, non-toxicity, high biological activity, economic affordability, chelating of metal ions, high sorption properties, chitosan is used in various biomedical and industrial processes. The reactivity of the amino and hydroxyl groups in the structure makes it more interesting for diverse applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, regenerative medicine, blood anticoagulation and bone, tendon or blood vessel engineering, dentistry, biotechnology, biosensing, cosmetics, water treatment, agriculture. Taking into account the current situation in the world with COVID-19 and other viruses, chitosan is also active in the form of a vaccine system, it can deliver antibodies to the nasal mucosa and load gene drugs that prevent or disrupt the replication of viral DNA/RNA, and deliver them to infected cells. The presented article is an overview of the nowaday state of the application of chitosan, based on literature of recent years, showing importance of fundamental and applied studies aimed to expand application of chitosan-based polymers in many fields of science.
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7
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Ren X, Xie X, Chen B, Liu L, Jiang C, Qian Q. Marine Natural Products: A Potential Source of Anti-hepatocellular Carcinoma Drugs. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7879-7899. [PMID: 34128674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has high associated morbidity and mortality rates. Although chemical medication represents a primary HCC treatment strategy, low response rates and therapeutic resistance serve to reduce its efficacy. Hence, identifying novel effective drugs is urgently needed, and many researchers have sought to identify new anti-cancer drugs from marine organisms. The marine population is considered a "blue drug bank" of unique anti-cancer compounds with diverse groups of chemical structures. Here, we discuss marine-derived compounds, including PM060184 and bryostatin-1, with demonstrated anti-cancer activity in vitro or in vivo. Based on the marine source (sponges, algae, coral, bacteria, and fungi), we introduce pharmacological parameters, compound-induced cytotoxicity, effects on apoptosis and metastasis, and potential molecular mechanisms. Cumulatively, this review provides insights into anti-HCC research conducted to date in the field of marine natural products and marine-derived compounds, as well as the potential pharmacological mechanisms of these compounds and their status in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghai Ren
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Baoxiang Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Congqing Jiang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qun Qian
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
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Fabrication of facile polymeric nanocomposites based on chitosan-gr-P2-aminothiophenol for biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2649-2659. [PMID: 32991898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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9
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Chitosan: Structural modification, biological activity and application. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4532-4546. [PMID: 32941908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many by-products that are harmful to the environment and human health are generated during food processing. However, these wastes are often potential resources with high-added value. For example, crustacean waste contains large amounts of chitin. Chitin is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in natural macromolecules, and is a typical component of crustaceans, mollusks, insect exoskeleton and fungal cell walls. Chitosan is prepared by deacetylation of chitin and a copolymer of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine through β-(1 → 4)-glycosidic bonds. Chitosan has better solubility, biocompatibility and degradability compared with chitin. This review introduces the preparation, physicochemical properties, chemical and physical modification methods of chitosan, which could help us understand its biological activities and applications. According to the latest reports, the antibacterial activity, antioxidant, immune and antitumor activities of chitosan and its derivatives are summarized. Simultaneously, the various applications of chitosan and its derivatives are reviewed, including food, chemical, textile, medical and health, and functional materials. Finally, some insights into its future potential are provided, including novel modification methods, directional modification according to structure-activity relationship, activity and application development direction, etc.
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10
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Elkeiy MM, Khamis AA, El-Gamal MM, Abo Gazia MM, Zalat ZA, El-Magd MA. Chitosan nanoparticles from Artemia salina inhibit progression of hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19016-19028. [PMID: 30293105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) isolated from Artemia salina against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in vitro (HepG2) and in vivo (diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC in rats) and to investigate the involved underlying mechanisms. Administration of CNPs decreased HCC progression as evidenced by (1) induced HepG2 cell death as detected by MTT assay; (2) induced necrosis as indicated by acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) red staining, annexin V/7-AAD positive staining (detected by flow cytometry), and upregulated expression of necrosis markers (PARP1 and its downstream target, RIP1 genes), but no effect on apoptosis as revealed by insignificant changes in caspase 3 activity and mRNA levels of Bax and AIF; (3) increased intracellular ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2; (4) decreased liver relative weight, serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), total bilirubin, and cancer markers (AFP and GGT), number and area of GST-P positive tumor nodules; and (5) reduced oxidative stress (decrease in MDA levels) and increased activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx enzymes in rat liver. The preventive (pre-treatment) effect of CNPs was better than the therapeutic (post-treatment) effect. Collectively, administration of CNPs inhibited HCC progression in vitro and in vivo, possibly through induction of necrosis, rather than apoptosis, and induction of antioxidant enzyme activities in vivo, but with stimulation of ROS production in vitro. Thus, CNPs could be used as a promise agent for treating HCC after application of further confirmatory clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Elkeiy
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona M El-Gamal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Maha M Abo Gazia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Zeinb A Zalat
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alazhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A El-Magd
- Anatomy Department, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt.
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11
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Rameshthangam P, Solairaj D, Arunachalam G, Ramasamy P. Chitin and Chitinases: Biomedical And Environmental Applications of Chitin and its Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.14302/issn.2690-4829.jen-18-2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disposal of chitin wastes from crustacean shell can cause environmental and health hazards. Chitin is a well known abundant natural polymer extracted after deproteinization and demineralization of the shell wastes of shrimp, crab, lobster, and krill. Extraction of chitin and its derivatives from waste material is one of the alternative ways to turn the waste into useful products. Chitinases are enzymes that degrade chitin. Chitinases contribute to the generation of carbon and nitrogen in the ecosystem. Chitin and chitinolytic enzymes are gaining importance for their biotechnological applications. The presence of surface charge and multiple functional groups make chitin as a beneficial natural polymer. Due to the reactive functional groups chitin can be used for the preparation of a spectrum of chitin derivatives such as chitosan, alkyl chitin, sulfated chitin, dibutyryl chitin and carboxymethyl chitin for specific applications in different areas. The present review is aimed to summarize the efficacy of the chitinases on the chitin and its derivatives and their diverse applications in biomedical and environmental field. Further this review also discusses the synthesis of various chitin derivatives in detail and brings out the importance of chitin and its derivatives in biomedical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhanasekaran Solairaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gnanapragasam Arunachalam
- College of Poultry Productions and Management, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Hosur - 635 110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniappan Ramasamy
- Director- Research, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, BIHER- Bharath University, Chennai-600041, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Villegas-Peralta Y, López-Cervantes J, Madera Santana TJ, Sánchez-Duarte RG, Sánchez-Machado DI, Martínez-Macías MDR, Correa-Murrieta MA. Impact of the molecular weight on the size of chitosan nanoparticles: characterization and its solid-state application. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Characterization of ginsenoside compound K loaded ionically cross-linked carboxymethyl chitosan-calcium nanoparticles and its cytotoxic potential against prostate cancer cells. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:228-235. [PMID: 33841003 PMCID: PMC8020349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Ginsenoside compound K (GK) is a major metabolite of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides and has remarkable anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. This work used an ionic cross-linking method to entrap GK within O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMC) nanoparticles (Nps) to form GK-loaded OCMC Nps (GK–OCMC Nps), which enhance the aqueous solubility and stability of GK. Methods The GK–OCMC Nps were characterized using several physicochemical techniques, including x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential analysis, and particle size analysis via dynamic light scattering. GK was released from GK–OCMC Nps and was conducted using the dialysis bag diffusion method. The effects of GK and GK–OCMC Nps on PC3 cell viability were measured by using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Fluorescent technology based on Cy5.5-labeled probes was used to explore the cellular uptake of GK–OCMC Nps. Results The GK–OCMC NPs had a suitable particle size and zeta potential; they were spherical with good dispersion. In vitro drug release from GK–OCMC NPs was pH dependent. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxicity study and cellular uptake assays indicated that the GK–OCMC Nps significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of GK toward the PC3 cells. GK–OCMC Nps also significantly promoted the activities of both caspase-3 and caspase-9. Conclusion GK–OCMC Nps are potential nanocarriers for delivering hydrophobic drugs, thereby enhancing water solubility and permeability and improving the antiproliferative effects of GK.
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Taghizadeh MT, Ashassi-Sorkhabi H, Afkari R, Kazempour A. Cross-linked chitosan in nano and bead scales as drug carriers for betamethasone and tetracycline. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:581-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mariadoss AVA, Vinayagam R, Senthilkumar V, Paulpandi M, Murugan K, Xu B, K.M. G, Kotakadi VS, David E. Phloretin loaded chitosan nanoparticles augments the pH-dependent mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic apoptosis in human oral cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:997-1008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jing Y, Huang J, Yu X. Preparation, characterization, and functional evaluation of proanthocyanidin-chitosan conjugate. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 194:139-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kumar M, Brar A, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Bioconversion of Chitin to Bioactive Chitooligosaccharides: Amelioration and Coastal Pollution Reduction by Microbial Resources. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:269-281. [PMID: 29637379 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitin-metabolizing products are of high industrial relevance in current scenario due to their wide biological applications, relatively lower cost, greater abundance, and sustainable supply. Chitooligosaccharides have remarkably wide spectrum of applications in therapeutics such as antitumor agents, immunomodulators, drug delivery, gene therapy, wound dressings, as chitinase inhibitors to prevent malaria. Hypocholesterolemic and antimicrobial activities of chitooligosaccharides make them a molecule of choice for food industry, and their functional profile depends on the physicochemical characteristics. Recently, chitin-based nanomaterials are also gaining tremendous importance in biomedical and agricultural applications. Crystallinity and insolubility of chitin imposes a major hurdle in the way of polymer utilization. Chemical production processes are known to produce chitooligosaccharides with variable degree of polymerization and properties along with ecological concerns. Biological production routes mainly involve chitinases, chitosanases, and chitin-binding proteins. Development of bio-catalytic production routes for chitin will not only enhance the production of commercially viable chitooligosaccharides with defined molecular properties but will also provide a means to combat marine pollution with value addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305801, India
| | - Amandeep Brar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305801, India
| | - V Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305801, India.
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Novel cationic chitosan derivative bearing 1,2,3-triazolium and pyridinium: Synthesis, characterization, and antifungal property. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 182:180-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Thamilarasan V, Sethuraman V, Gopinath K, Balalakshmi C, Govindarajan M, Mothana RA, Siddiqui NA, Khaled JM, Benelli G. Single Step Fabrication of Chitosan Nanocrystals Using Penaeus semisulcatus: Potential as New Insecticides, Antimicrobials and Plant Growth Promoters. J CLUST SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-018-1342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Design, synthesis of novel chitosan derivatives bearing quaternary phosphonium salts and evaluation of antifungal activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:704-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Subhapradha N, Shanmugam V, Shanmugam A. Chitosan nanoparticles from marine squid protect liver cells against N -diethylnitrosoamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 171:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Anticancer activity of silver and copper embedded chitin nanocomposites against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:608-619. [PMID: 28716752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is a natural biopolymer widely used in biomedical and environmental applications due to its distinctive physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Although the anticancer property of chitin nanoforms and chitin derivatives against various cancers were studied earlier, there is no report in the chitin nanostructure incorporated metal nanocomposite. The present study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of chitin incorporated silver and copper nanocomposite against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Cytotoxicity of chitin nanoparticles (CNP), silver nanoparticles (AgNP), copper nanoparticles (CuNP), chitin/silver nanocomposite (CNP/AgNP) and chitin/copper nanocomposite (CNP/CuNP) was evaluated. Among all the above, CNP/AgNP has shown a lower of 31 mg as inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. Our study further showed the increased generation of reactive oxygen species with decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes and damage in the membrane integrity, thus confirms the cellular cytotoxic action of CNP/AgNP. In conclusion, the present study validates that, incorporating chitin nanoparticles with metallic nanostructure could be an effective and promising therapeutic agent against breast cancer.
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