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Gao R, Zhu L, Zhang W, Jin W, Bai F, Xu P, Wang J, Sun Q, Guo Z, Yuan L. Novel Peptides from Sturgeon Ovarian Protein Hydrolysates Prevent Oxidative Stress-Induced Dysfunction in Osteoblast Cells: Purification, Identification, and Characterization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10076-10088. [PMID: 38629202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore antioxidant peptides derived from sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) ovaries that exhibit antiosteoporotic effects in oxidative-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. The F3-15 component obtained from sturgeon ovarian protein hydrolysates (SOPHs) via gel filtration and RP-HPLC significantly increased the cell survival rate (from 49.38 ± 2.88 to 76.26 ± 2.09%). Two putative antioxidant-acting peptides, FDWDRL (FL6) and FEGPPFKF (FF8), were screened from the F3-15 faction via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and through prediction by computer simulations. Molecular docking results indicated that the possible antioxidant mechanisms of FL6 and FF8 involved blocking the active site of human myeloperoxidase (hMPO). The in vitro tests showed that FL6 and FF8 were equally adept at reducing intracellular ROS levels, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and protecting cells from oxidative injuries by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and activating the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway. Moreover, both peptides could increase differentiation and mineralization abilities in oxidatively damaged MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, FF8 exhibited high resistance to pepsin and trypsin, showcasing potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wengang Jin
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci-tech Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, Zhe Jiang 324000, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci-tech Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, Zhe Jiang 324000, China
| | - Jinlin Wang
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci-tech Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, Zhe Jiang 324000, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zitao Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Dong Y, Lu Z, Gao T, Wei Z, Ou Z, Shi Z, Shen J. A polypeptide derived from pilose antler ameliorates CUMS-induced depression-like behavior by SENP2-PLCβ4 signaling axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176247. [PMID: 38056617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is known to be closely associated with depression. We aimed to investigate whether a polypeptide monomer derived from pilose antler (polypeptide sequence LSALEGVFYP, PAP) exerts an antidepressant effect by influencing neurogenesis, and to elucidate the mechanism of its antidepressant action. Behavioral tests were performed to observe the antidepressant effect of PAP. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of hippocampus was observed by immunofluorescence. The expression of key proteins of Sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases 2 (SENP2)- Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C beta 4 (PLCβ4) pathway was accessed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and the calcium homeostasis associated proteins were observed via Western blot (WB). Subsequently, temozolomide (TMZ) pharmacologically blocked neurogenesis to verify the antidepressant effect of PAP on neurogenesis. The mechanism of PAP antidepressant effect was verified by constructing a sh-SENP2 virus vector to silence SENP2 protein. Finally, corticosterone (CORT)-induced PC12 cell model was used to verify whether PAP was involved in the process of deconjugated PLCβ4 SUMOylated. The results showed that PAP improved depression-like behavior and neurogenesis induced by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation (CUMS). In addition, PAP acted on SENP2-PLCβ4 pathway to deconjugate the SUMOylation of PLCβ4 and affect calcium homeostasis. Pharmacological blockade of neurogenesis by TMZ treatment impaired the antidepressant efficacy of PAP. Knockout of SENP2 in the CUMS model attenuated the antidepressant response of PAP, and the impaired neurogenesis was not ameliorated by PAP treatment. In summary, PAP acted on the SENP2-PLCβ4 signaling pathway to inhibit the SUMOylation of PLCβ4 and maintain calcium homeostasis, thereby protecting neurogenesis and playing an antidepressant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Institute of Literature in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zihan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tiantian Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhijie Ou
- Neurology Department, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China.
| | - Zheng Shi
- Institute of Literature in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute of Literature in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Sun H, Xiao D, Liu W, Li X, Lin Z, Li Y, Ding Y. Well-known polypeptides of deer antler velvet with key actives: modern pharmacological advances. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:15-31. [PMID: 37555852 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Deer antler velvet, with kidney tonifying, promoting the production of essence and blood, strengthening tendons and bones, not only has a thousand-year medicinal history but also its modern pharmacology mainly focuses on its active polypeptides on motor, nerve, and immune systems. The purpose of this report is to fill the gap in the comprehensive, systematic, and detailed review of polypeptides during the recent 30 years (1992-2023). The research method was to review 53 pharmacological articles from the Public Medicine, Web of science, ACS, and Science Direct database sources by searching the keywords "pilose antler," "deer velvet," "Pilose Antler Peptide (PAP) and Velvet Antler Polypeptide (VAP)." The results showed that deer antler polypeptides (DAPs), by regulating EGF, EGFR, MAPK, P38, ERK, NF-κB, Wnt, PI3K, Akt, MMP, AMPK, Stir1, NLRP3, HO-1, Nrf, Rho, TLR, TGF-β, Smad, Ang II, etc., revealed their effects on seven system-related diseases and their mechanisms, including osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, triple-negative breast cancer, liver injury, liver fibrosis, cardiovascular disease, acute lung injury, and late-onset hypogonadism. In conclusion, DAPs have good effects on motor and other system-related diseases, but the secondary and tertiary structures of DAPs (0.5-1800 KDa) need to be further elucidated, and the structure-activity relationship study is still unavailable and needs to be covered. It is expected that this review may provide the necessary literature support for further research. The activities and mechanisms of polypeptides from the past 30 years (1992-2023) are summarized covering seven systems, related diseases, and its regulatory genes and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Dandan Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China.
| | - Yuling Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China.
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Wang G, Meng Y, Ouyang W, Zhao C, Zhao W. Effect of pilose antler polypeptide on the mechanism of bone homeostasis in osteoporosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1289843. [PMID: 38020139 PMCID: PMC10646531 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1289843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis stands out as a prevalent metabolic disorder, bearing significant repercussions on human well-being and overall quality of life. It remains an urgent concern within the global public health framework due to its widespread occurrence. Osteoporosis arises from an abnormal metabolism in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, resulting in a disruption of the delicate equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption. Within this context, deer antler peptides emerge as natural active compounds, wielding a pivotal role in governing the differentiation, proliferation, and mineralization of osteoblasts, as well as influencing the activity of osteoclasts. This article aims to consolidate our comprehension of the mechanisms underpinning the dynamic balance between bone formation and resorption, meticulously orchestrated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts in osteoporosis. Furthermore, it offers a comprehensive overview of how deer antler peptides, through their modulation of relevant signaling pathways, contribute to the enhancement of bone homeostasis. These insights deepen our understanding of the pathological processes through which deer antler peptides ameliorate bone homeostasis, while also presenting novel strategies for osteoporosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochen Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- College of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yubo Meng
- College of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wensi Ouyang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- College of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Changwei Zhao
- College of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenhai Zhao
- College of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Picotti S, Forte L, Serrentino J. A pre-market interventional, single-arm clinical investigation of a new topical lotion based on hyaluronic acid and peptides, EGYFIL TM, for the treatment of pain and stiffness in soft tissues. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:777. [PMID: 37784053 PMCID: PMC10544473 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle pain and stiffness are strictly interconnected. Injuries frequently occur during sport activities, causing muscle pain, with or without stiffness, and require effective as well as fast-acting treatments. Topical products can be ideal for the treatment of such physical alterations as they are convenient and simple to use. In this study, it was investigated the application of a novel topical formulation, EGYFIL™, for the treatment of pain and stiffness due to muscle contracture, trauma, and/or overtraining. The lotion is composed of hyaluronic acid, a well-known ingredient for the pain alleviation, mixed with skin conditioning SH-Polypeptide-6 and SH-Oligopeptide-1, embedded in it. METHODS Twenty-six patients with pain and/or stiffness were enrolled. After a screening visit (Time 0, t0), patients were treated for the first time with the IP. The treatment consisted of topical application of the pain lotion. Level of pain and stiffness were measured with Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Patients' pain and/or stiffness were evaluated at t0 (prior to using the product), after three hours (t1), and after three days (t2) of treatment. Participants were free to apply and re-apply the product ad libitum over the course of the study period (3 days). Potential adverse events (AE) and tolerance were evaluated during each visit. RESULTS There was a 22% decrease in pain in the first three hours (p < 0.001), followed by an additional 20% decrease after three days (p=0.0873). Overall, there was a 42% decrease in pain over the three days of the study (p =0.001). Furthermore, a 24% reduction in stiffness in the first three hours (p=0.025) and a 38% decrease in stiffness over three days (p < 0.001) were observed. Reduction in pain and stiffness were neither age, nor sex dependent. No adverse effects were reported during the study. CONCLUSION EGYFIL™ is safe and seems to reduce pain and stiffness in patients during the 3 days of treatment, already after 3 h from the first application. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05711953. This trial was registered on 03/02/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Forte
- Contrad Swiss SA, Via Ferruccio Pelli 2, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland.
| | - Jo Serrentino
- International Institute of Clinical Ecology (IICE), Quebec, Canada
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Liu YY, Ding YF, Sui HJ, Liu W, Zhang ZQ, Li F. Pilose antler (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus) polysaccharide and polypeptide extract inhibits bone resorption in high turnover type osteoporosis by stimulating the MAKP and MMP-9 signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116052. [PMID: 36529246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pilose antler is a traditional Chinese medicine used to improve kidney function, strengthen tendons and bones, and prolong life, among other uses. It is widely employed in the treatment of osteoporosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the treatment of high turnover osteoporosis are not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying pilose antler polysaccharide and polypeptide extracts in inhibiting bone resorption in high turnover osteoporosis, and compare the effects of the two components alone and in combination to explore whether they could produce synergistic enhancement effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pilose antler polysaccharide and polypeptide extracts were detected by UV-visible spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. A rat model of retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the extracts on bone resorption. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the activity of factors related to high turnover type osteoporosis in rat serum. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of proteins related to the MAKP and MMP-9 signaling pathways in rat femurs. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the transcription levels of genes related to the MAKP and MMP-9 signaling pathways in rat femur tissues. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to observe the osteoprotective effects of pilose antler polysaccharides and polypeptides. RESULTS The yield of pilose antler polysaccharides was 8.3%, and was mainly composed of mannose, glucosamine hydrochloride, glucuronic acid, Galacturonic acid, Galactose hydrochloride, glucose, and galactose. The yield of the polypeptides was 26.2%, and eighty percent of the molecular weight of the antler polypeptides was 1.6 kDa-7kD, among which, the molecular weight of 7kD peptide accounted for 52% of the total. Both polysaccharides and peptides could reduce the activities of TRACP, OCN, ERK1, JNK, and MMP-9 in rat serum and reduce both the protein expression and gene transcription levels of ERK1, JNK, and MMP-9 in rat femur tissue with significant differences compared with the model group. Both extracts exerted significant protective effects on rat femur tissue. The effect of pilose antler polypeptides alone was better than that of polysaccharides either alone or in combination. CONCLUSIONS Pilose antler polysaccharides, polypeptides, and their mixtures could inhibit the occurrence of bone resorption of high turnover osteoporosis by stimulating the MAKP and MMP-9 signaling pathways to reduce the expression of the ERK1, JNK, and MMP-9 genes and proteins, and could help alleviate bone loss caused by retinoic acid. Pilose antler polypeptides had a stronger effect on inhibiting bone resorption. The combination of the two components did not show synergistic enhancement effect, and the polysaccharide tended to moderate the inhibitory enhancement effect of the polypeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, PR China; Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, PR China.
| | - Yun-Feng Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaoning Shang Yao Science and Technology Development Co. LTD, 117000, PR China.
| | - Hai-Juan Sui
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Qiu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, PR China.
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, PR China.
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Health Effects of Peptides Extracted from Deer Antler. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194183. [PMID: 36235835 PMCID: PMC9572057 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deer antler is widely used as a nutraceutical in Asian countries. In the past decades, deer antler peptides (DAPs) have received considerable attention because of their various biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bone damage, anti-neurological disease, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties. This review describes the production methods of DAPs and the recent progress of research on DAPs, focusing on the physiological functions and their regulatory mechanisms.
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Mechanisms of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Treatment with Deer Antlers Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8092848. [PMID: 36110184 PMCID: PMC9470325 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8092848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background With the aging of the population, the prevalence of IVDD increases preoperatively. How to better treat IVDD has become an important clinical issue. Deer antlers proved to have a great effect on the treatment of IVDD in many studies, but the molecular mechanism has not been clarified. Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism and target of deer antlers in the treatment of IVDD. Methods Compounds from deer antlers were collected and targets were predicted using HERB, TCMSP, TCMID, SwissADME, and SwissTargetPrediction. Collection of disease targets for IVDD was done using GeneCards, TTD, DrugBank, DisGeNET, and OMIM. Cytoscape 3.7.2, AutoDock Vina (v1.1.2), and R software were used for data analysis and the construction of network diagrams. Results A total of 5 active compounds from deer antlers were screened and 104 therapeutic targets were predicted. A total of 1023 IVDD disease targets were collected. Subsequently, PPI network prediction analysis was performed for disease and treatment targets, and 112 core targets were collected after screening. After obtaining the core target, we used the clusterProfiler software package of R software to carry out GO and KEGG enrichment analyses for the core target and plot the bubble maps. According to the GO enrichment results, the main biological processes of IVDD treatment by deer antlers lie in the rhythmic process, mRNA catabolic process, and G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle. KEGG results were mainly related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, and Notch signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that estrone had the best docking results on ESR1. Conclusion Deer antlers are rich in various compounds that can prevent the development of IVDD by upregulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and Notch signaling pathway. Its key compounds estradiol and estrone can reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in tissues and organs, thus slowing down the progression of IVDD. Estrone, the active compound in deer antlers, was found by molecular docking to have good results against ESR1, the target of the disease, which may be a potential site for drug therapy.
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Zhao H, Zhang G, Wang D, Liu Z, Chen R, Zhang W, Li C. Tracing the geographic origin of velvet antlers in China via stable isotope analyses. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17527-17535. [PMID: 35765426 PMCID: PMC9190275 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multielement (H, C, N, O) stable isotope ratio analysis was used to discriminate the geographical origin of velvet antlers (VAs) of deer from ten provinces in China. Ratios of 2H/1H, 13C/12C, 15N/14N, and 18O/16O in the VA samples were measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The results showed that there were highly significant differences in the mean isotopic values and in four isotopic ratios between VA samples from the ten provinces. The most significant difference among the four isotope ratios was in δ2H ratio of VA samples; regions with a more humid climate and higher average ambient temperatures had higher δ2H ratios than those with dry climates and lower temperatures. These results demonstrate that the multiple stable isotopic ratio approach is a powerful tool to help trace the geographical origin of VAs, and could be adopted by government officials to help protect consumer interests from improper labeling in VA markets. Multielement (H, C, N, O) stable isotope ratio analysis was used to discriminate the geographical origin of velvet antlers (VAs) of deer from ten provinces in China.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China 266109
| | - Guokun Zhang
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University Changchun China 130600 +8617790067914.,Institute of Special Animals and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China 130112
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University Changchun China 130600 +8617790067914
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China 266109.,Institute of Special Animals and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China 130112
| | - Rui Chen
- Basic Medical College in Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Special Animals and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China 130112
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University Changchun China 130600 +8617790067914
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Guoxia W, Yu Y, Shuai Z, Hainan L, Zheng X. Beta-carotene regulates the biological activity of EGF in IEC6 cells by alleviating the inflammatory process. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1726-1739. [PMID: 35499499 PMCID: PMC9302509 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2067676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has many important biological functions. It plays an important role in regulating the growth, survival, migration, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation of intestinal tissues and cells. However, until now, the effect of inflammation on the biological activity of EGF in intestinal cells or tissues is still unclear. For this reason, in the current research, we have conducted a detailed study on this issue. Using the rat small intestinal crypt epithelial cell line (IEC6) was used as an in vitro model, and Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), Flow cytometry (FCM), Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), Western-blotting (WB), and Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) methods were used to explore the effects of inflammation on EGF/EGFR biological activity and signal transduction profiles. We found that the EGF/EGFR nuclear signal almost disappeared in the inflammatory state, and the phosphorylation levels of EGFR, AKT, and STAT3 were all significantly down-regulated. In addition, we also studied the effect of β-carotene on the biological activity of EGF, and found that when cells were pretreated with β-carotene, the cellular behavior, biological activity, and nuclear signal of EGF/EGFR under inflammation stimulation were partially restored. In summary, the current study shows that inflammation can disrupt EGF/EGFR-mediated signaling in IEC6 cells, suggesting that inflammation negatively regulates the biological activity of EGF/EGFR. Furthermore, we found that β-carotene not only attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation but also partially restored the biological activity of EGF in IEC6 cells, laying a solid foundation for studying the biological functions of EGF and β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Guoxia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Shuai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lan Hainan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Hu Y, Zhao M, Zhao T, Qi M, Yao G, Dong Y. The Protective Effect of Pilose Antler Peptide on CUMS-Induced Depression Through AMPK/Sirt1/NF-κB/NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:815413. [PMID: 35401226 PMCID: PMC8984150 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.815413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pilose antler peptide (PAP), prepared from the pilose antler of Cervus nippon Temminck, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against various inflammatory disorders. TCM prescriptions containing pilose antler are often prescribed clinically to treat depression. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of how PAP, against inflammation, prevents and treats depression remain poorly understood. Methods: PAP was identified by de novo sequencing and database searching. Then, behavioral tests were conducted to investigate the effect of PAP on CUMS-exposed mice. In parallel, Nissl staining and Golgi-Cox staining were used for exploring the effect of PAP on neural cells and dendritic spine density. Additionally, the expression of key proteins of the AMPK/Sirt1/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was analyzed by Western blot. Finally, the CUMS procedure was conducted for 6 weeks. At the 5th week, PAP and fluoxetine (Flu) were intragastrically treated for 2 weeks. The silencing information regulator-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1) inhibitor EX-527 and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor dorsomorphin were employed to investigate the effects of Sirt1 and AMPK on PAP-mediated depression. Results: PAP attenuated the behavior alteration caused by CUMS stimulation, decreased the number of neurons, and restored the dendritic spine density. PAP treatment effectively upregulated the expressions of p-AMPK and Sirt1 and suppressed the expressions of Ac-NF-κB, NLRP3, Ac-Caspase-1, GSDMD-N, Cleaved-IL-1β, and Cleaved-IL-18. Moreover, selectively inhibited Sirt1 and AMPK were able to compromise the therapeutic effect of PAP on depression. Conclusion: The present work indicated that PAP has a protective effect on CUMS-induced depression. In addition, AMPK and Sirt1 played critical roles in the PAP-relieved depression. PAP might be a potential therapeutic option for treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Qi
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangda Yao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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12
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Liu B, Wang A, Cao Z, Li J, Zheng M, Xu Y. Mechanism of Pilose Antler in Treatment of Osteoporosis Based on Network Pharmacology. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:5298892. [PMID: 35399830 PMCID: PMC8986401 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5298892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the pharmacodynamic material basis and molecular mechanism of pilose antler (PA) in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP) by the method of network pharmacology. Methods First, the active components of PA were screened by BATMAN-TCM database, and the component targets were obtained from the SwissTargetPrediction online tool. Moreover, the relevant target genes of OP were obtained by searching the DisGeNET database. Second, the Venn diagram was drawn to obtain the PA-OP common targets, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and drug-component-target (D-C-T) network were constructed by Cytoscape software. Finally, the GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of common targets were performed using the Metascape online tool. Results 82 common targets were identified by generating a Venn diagram. The PPI network of 82 common targets indicated that the top 5 nodal targets, including PIK3CA, MAPK1, ESR1, AKT1, and SRC, were strongly associated with other proteins. The D-C-T network suggested that the active components with high degree of connectivity include Prostaglandin E1, 17-Beta-Estradiol, Alpha-Estradiol, and Estrone. Furthermore, the GO enrichment analysis revealed that the biological process categories were dominated by response to peptide, cellular response to lipid, regulation of MAPK cascade, and so on. Additionally, the KEGG pathway analysis indicated the estrogen signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, and HIF-1 signaling pathway might have critical effects on the development of OP. Conclusion The study shows that PA has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway in treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Institute of Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Treatments of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Aifei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Institute of Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Treatments of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Zihou Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Institute of Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Treatments of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Institute of Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Treatments of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Osteoporosis Clinical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Institute of Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Treatments of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Osteoporosis Clinical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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13
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Bian M, Wang W, Song C, Pan L, Wu Y, Chen L. Autophagy-Related Genes Predict the Progression of Periodontitis Through the ceRNA Network. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1811-1824. [PMID: 35300213 PMCID: PMC8923689 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s353092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The goal of this study was to identify the crucial autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in periodontitis and construct mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA networks to further understand the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Methods We used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and Human Autophagy Database (HADb) to identify differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and ARGs. These ARGs were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway, and PPI (protein–protein interaction) network analysis. Two databases (miRDB and StarBase v2.0) were used to reverse-predict miRNAs while the miRNA-lncRNA interaction was predicted using the StarBase v2.0 and LncBase Predicted v.2 databases. After excluding the lncRNAs only present in the nucleus, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was built. Finally, we used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to confirm the levels of mRNA expression in the ceRNA network. Results The differential expression analysis revealed 10 upregulated and 10 downregulated differentially expressed ARGs. After intersecting the reverse-predicted miRNAs with the differentially expressed miRNAs, a ceRNA network consisting of 4 mRNAs (LAMP2, NFE2L2, NCKAP1, and EGFR), 3 miRNAs (hsa-miR-140-3p, hsa-miR-142-5p, and hsa-miR-671-5p), and 30 lncRNAs was constructed. In addition, qRT-PCR results revealed that EGFR expression was downregulated in diseased gingival tissue of periodontitis patients. Conclusion Four autophagy-related genes, especially EGFR, may play a key role in periodontitis progression. The novel ceRNA network may aid in elucidating the role and the mechanism of autophagy in periodontitis, which could be important in developing new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Bian
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjie Song
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai Pan
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Wu
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lili Chen, Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 571-87784576, Email
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Yin B, Fan Z, Jin Y, Chen H, Zhang B, Liu J, Zhang W. Epidermal growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor moves into the osteoblasts' cell nuclei where it is involved to regulate STAT5's signaling. Biofactors 2021; 47:351-362. [PMID: 33503297 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has vital biological impacts on the osteoblasts. However, the knowledge on the cellular properties of EGF/EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) on osteoblasts is scanty. As such, we explored the EGF/EGFR's cell behavior in the osteoblast (MC3T3-E1 cell) using the indirect immunofluorescence assay, Western-blot, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Our findings revealed that EGF could internalize into the cytoplasm under EGFR mediation. Besides, the co-localization analysis demonstrated that caveolin played a critical role in EGFR's endocytosis. We also analyzed the cytoplasmic trafficking pathway of EGF/EGFR in MC3T3-E1 cell. The colocalization analysis showed that EGFR entered into Rab5, Rab4, and Rab9-positive endosomes. More importantly, we found that EGFR could move into the MC3T3-E1 cells' nuclei. Based on this, we investigated the EGFR's nuclear-localized functions, and the results suggested that nuclear-localized EGFR has important biological functions. This work lays a foundation for further study on EGF/EGFR's biological functions on the osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzhe Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchi Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Baokun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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15
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Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Ginsenosides Isolated from the Fruit of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Regulation of HO-1 Expression through EGFR Signaling Has Anti-Inflammatory and Osteogenic Induction Effects in HPDL Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072092. [PMID: 33917440 PMCID: PMC8038702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a set of chronic inflammatory diseases caused by the accumulation of Gram-negative bacteria on teeth, resulting in gingivitis, pocket formation, alveolar bone loss, tissue destruction, and tooth loss. In this study, the contents of ginsenosides isolated from Panax ginseng fruit extract were quantitatively analyzed, and the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in human periodontal ligament cells. The major ginsenosides, Re, Ra8, and Rf, present in ginseng fruit were simultaneously analyzed by a validated method using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector; Re, Ra8, and Rf content per 1 g of P. ginseng fruit extract was 1.01 ± 0.03, 0.33 ± 0.01, and 0.55 ± 0.04 mg, respectively. Ginsenosides-Re, -Ra8, and -Rf inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory factors and the expression of important cytokines in periodontitis by inducing the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), promoting osteoblast differentiation of periodontal ligament cells, suppressing alveolar bone loss, and promoting the expression of osteoblast-specific genes, such as alp, opn, and runx2. An inhibitory effect of these ginsenosides on periodontitis and alveolar bone loss was observed via the regulation of HO-1 and subsequent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Silencing EGFR with EGFR siRNA confirmed that the effect of ginsenosides on HO-1 is mediated by EGFR. In conclusion, this study evaluated the contents of ginsenosides-Re, -Ra8, and -Rf isolated from P. ginseng fruit extract. Therefore, these results provide important basic data for future P. ginseng fruit component studies and suggest that ginsenosides Re, Ra8, and Rf have potential as future treatment options for periodontitis.
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Yang F, Xu W, Pei Y. Amphiregulin induces interleukin-8 production and cell proliferation in lung epithelial cells through PI3K-Akt/ ERK pathways. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739221998202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiregulin (AR), belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, is able to induce a series of pathological and physiological responses by binding and activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Interleukin-8 (IL-8) or CXCL8, a pro-inflammatory chemokine, has been suggested to be involved in tumor cell proliferation and inflammatory microenvironment via transactivation of the EGFR. However, whether there is a crosstalk between AR with IL-8 during inflammatory response remain to be fully understood. The current study was designed to investigate the possible mechanism of the interactions between AR and IL-8 production in human lung epithelial cells in vitro. Lung epithelial A549 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate ALI model. LPS-induced AR and IL-8 production by A549 cells was measured by real-time PCR, Western Blot, and ELISA. The AR neutralizing antibody, PI3K specific inhibitor LY294002, JNK specific inhibitor SP60012, ERK specific inhibitor PD98089, and p38 inhibitor SB203580 were used to investigate the role of these signal pathways in LPS-induced cell proliferation, AR and IL-8 expression. LPS could induce AR through PI3K/Akt and ERK signal pathways. Furthermore, LPS induced AR promoted the production of IL-8 requires activation of EGFR, PI3K/Akt, and ERK signal pathways. The neutralizing antibody to AR prevented production of IL-8 induced by LPS. Treatment with Erlotinib, PI3K inhibitors, ERK inhibitor significantly inhibited AR-induced IL-8 production and cell proliferation. Our data indicate that a distinct role of EGFR–PI3K–Akt/ERK pathway as a bridge of interaction between AR and IL-8 production, as one of potential mechanisms to regulate inflammation and cell proliferation in human lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yang
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanli Pei
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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17
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Pilose antler peptide promotes osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization via the insulin signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:923-930. [PMID: 32010253 PMCID: PMC6966112 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a severe bone disease characterized by a decrease in the density and structure of bones, with high risks of fractures. Pilose antler peptide (PAP), extracted and purified from deer antlers, can promote regeneration and fracture healing, and strengthen sinews and bone. To determine whether PAP can promote osteoblast development and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its functions, the present study investigated the effects of PAP on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization, and the role of the insulin signaling pathway using MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase activity assay, western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The present results suggested that PAP promoted osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in vitro via the insulin signaling pathway. The effect of PAP on insulin signaling in osteoblasts may be mediated via the ERK pathway and partially by the PI3K/Akt pathway. The present results indicated that PAP could potentially be developed as an alternative treatment strategy for bone diseases related to diabetes characterized by insulin signaling impairment.
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18
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Wang W, Zhang J, Yang X, Huang F. Hypoglycemic activity of CPU2206: A novel peptide from sika (Cervus nippon Temminck) antler. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13063. [PMID: 31576599 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous work had extracted and purified an antidiabetic peptide named CPU2206 with 7,127.6 Da. In this work, the toxicity of CPU2206 was first evaluated by daily administration to ICR mice, and after 28 days of administration, the body weight and lipid metabolism of the mice did not change significantly, which proved its safety and reliability. Second, further studies have focused on its hypoglycemic effects by daily intraperitoneal injection to alloxan-induced diabetic mice and KK-Ay mice, showing that CPU2206 effectively decreased the blood glucose and corresponding indicators of diabetic mice. Daily administration of CPU2206 nearly normalized the lipid metabolic parameters in diabetic mice. Histological examination also validated that CPU2206 ameliorated the pancreas injuries induced by alloxan or alleviated islet hypertrophy caused by insulin resistance in KK-Ay mice. To sum up, a totally new bioactive peptide CPU2206 obtained from sika antler showed significantly antidiabetic as well as lipid-lowering effects in diabetic mice. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Antler has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to invigorate primordial energy, enrich the blood, strengthen bones, and improve both male and female sexual functions for thousands of years. Traditionally, velvet antler can be grinded directly and taken orally, or used in porridge, wine and meat stew. Our experiment enriches the research on the function of edible antlers, provides the basis for developing it into functional health food, and on the other hand, provides an idea for finding new antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Junying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Fengjie Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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19
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Hongyan L, Mengjiao Z, Chunyan W, Yaruo H. Rhynchophyllin attenuates neuroinflammation in Tourette syndrome rats via JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:1114-1120. [PMID: 31231976 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was designed to investigate the effects of rhynchophyllin (RH) on neuroinflammation in Tourette syndrome (TS) rats. TS model was established in rats by the injection of selective 5-HT2A/2C agonist 1-(2, 5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI). Behavior in DOI-induced rats was tested. Inflammatory cytokines levels such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and striatum were detected. The expression levels of janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and transcription activator 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways in striatum were measured by Western blot. Data indicated that RH can significantly reduce the numbers of nodding experiment of TS rats. RH significantly decreased IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in serum and striatum of TS rats, with altered expression of P-JAK2, P-STAT3, P-NF-κBp65, and P-IκBα in TS rats, as evidenced by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, suggesting that the regulation of JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB pathways might be involved in the mechanism of RH on TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hongyan
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Wang Chunyan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huang Yaruo
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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20
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Pilose antler polypeptides ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress and improves gut microbiota in hypoxic-ischemic injured rats. Nutr Res 2019; 64:93-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Li S, He J. Pilose antler polypeptide protects against sevoflurane‑mediated neurocyte injury. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5353-5360. [PMID: 30365108 PMCID: PMC6236272 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pilose antler polypeptide (PAP) is an active substance isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine pilose antler, which possesses multiple biological activities. In the present study, the role and mechanism of PAP in sevoflurane (SEV)-induced neurocyte injury was explored. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting kit-8 assay. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to evaluate the protein and mRNA expression levels, respectively. The results revealed that PAP enhanced the cell viability of SEV-treated nerve cells. In addition, through modulation of apoptosis-associated protein expression, PAP suppressed SEV-induced nerve cell apoptosis. Furthermore, PAP activated the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in the neurocyte injury model, whereas inhibition of the p38/JNK pathway reversed the beneficial effects produced by PAP. In conclusion, PAP protected against SEV-mediated neurocyte injury via upregulation of the p38/JNK pathway. The present findings suggested that PAP may be an effective agent for neurocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Li
- Anesthesiology Department, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hospital of TCM, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxuan He
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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22
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He YQ, Yang H, Shen Y, Zhang JH, Zhang ZG, Liu LL, Song HT, Lin B, Hsu HY, Qin LP, Han T, Xin HL, Zhang QY. Monotropein attenuates ovariectomy and LPS-induced bone loss in mice and decreases inflammatory impairment on osteoblast through blocking activation of NF-κB pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 291:128-136. [PMID: 29908987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency and inflammation are known to play important roles in bone metabolism and occurrence of osteoporosis. Monotropein as an iridoid glycoside is reported to decrease estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss and inhibit inflammatory response in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, the effect of monotropein on bone loss in chronic inflammatory conditions remains unclear. It was found in the present study that monotropein significantly inhibited bone mass reduction and improved bone micro-architectures by enhancing bone formation and blocking increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines in osteoporotic mice induced by combined ovariectomy and LPS. Our in vitro experiment further demonstrated that monotropein was able to increase the proliferation and activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone matrix mineralization and the expression of bone matrix protein osteopontin (OPN) in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells injured by LPS. In addition, monotropein significantly decreased the production of IL-6 and IL-1β, inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65 and NF-κB P50, and down-regulated the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IKK, indicating that monotropein could attenuate inflammatory impairment to MC3T3-E1 cells by suppressing the activation of NF-κB pathway. All these results suggest that monotropein may prove to be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong He
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Immunology, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, China
| | - Yi Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, CPLA No.: 88 Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Lin-Lin Liu
- Department of Nursing, CPLA No.: 474 Hospital, Urumchi, 830012, China
| | - Hong-Tao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command Region, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command Region, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Hsien-Yeh Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Wang Y, Xiao X. Clinical Efficacy of Modified Yanghe Decoction in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2912-2918. [PMID: 29735967 PMCID: PMC5965017 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the effects of Modified Yanghe Decoction on pain, disease activity, and functional capacity, and its safety in subjects with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Material/Methods A randomized, controlled study of subjects with AS was conducted over 8 weeks to compare the efficacy of the Modified Yanghe Decoction to celecoxib-sulfasalazine therapy. Subjects were evaluated at visit 1, and at weeks 4 and 8 of the trial. The Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), nocturnal back pain (NBP), total back pain (TBP), patient global disease activity (PGDA), the Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), and the Bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index (BASMI) were measured at each time point. Safety was monitored throughout the study through blood, urine, and stool samples, along with heart, liver, and kidney function tests. The ASAS 20 improvement criteria were used as efficacy criteria. Results A total of 80 subjects were included. Both treatment groups were effective: 32 subjects (80%) in the Modified Yanghe Decoction group and 34 (85%) in celecoxib-sulfasalazine group met ASAS 20 improvement criteria; no statistically significant difference between groups was observed (P>0.05). Two subjects in the Modified Yanghe Decoction group reported mild diarrhea during the trial. In the celecoxib-sulfasalazine group, 8 subjects experienced upper-abdominal pain; in 3 subjects this was combined with lowered white blood cell count and in 1 subject it was combined with mild proteinuria. This represents a statistically significant difference in safety (P<0.05) between the 2 treatments. Conclusions This study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of the Modified Yanghe Decoction in AS treatment, especially for patients who have poor clinical responses, severe adverse reactions, or for patients unable to afford the standard clinical options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiquan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoli Xiao
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chines Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Zheng K, Fu C, Jiang C, Yue X, Ma S. Water extract of pilose antler can inhibit breast cancer progression of the mouse through modulating its immune system. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1457012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. People’s Republic of China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghao Fu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunying Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiliang Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. People’s Republic of China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. People’s Republic of China
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25
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Hongyan L, Zhenyang S, Chunyan W, Qingqing P. Lipopolysaccharide aggravated DOI-induced Tourette syndrome: elaboration for recurrence of Tourette syndrome. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1929-1934. [PMID: 28795258 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by highest familial recurrence rate among neuropsychiatric diseases with complicated inheritance. Recurrence of Tourette syndrome was frequently observed in clinical. Unexpectedly, the mechanism of recurrence of Tourette syndrome was failure to elucidate. Here, we first shown that lipopolysaccharide(LPS) may played an important role in the recurrence of Tourette syndrome. The TS model in rats was induced by DOI (the selective 5-HT2A/2C agonist 1-(2, 5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl) -2- aminopropane). The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:(1)Control;(2) Control + LPS; (2)TS; (3)TS + LPS. The results demonstrated that the LPS treatment significantly increased stereotypic score and autonomic activity. LPS treatment also significantly increased inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and striatum. Also, highly expressed TLR4, MyD88, P-NF-κBp65, P-IκBα in TS rats were increased respectively by LPS treatment as indicted in western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry analysis. Thus, it was supposed that lipopolysaccharide(LPS) may played an important role in the recurrence of Tourette syndrome and its mechanism was related to TLR/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hongyan
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China.
| | - Si Zhenyang
- Department of pediatrics, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Wang Chunyan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Pan Qingqing
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
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26
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Chen B, Wang L, Li L, Zhu R, Liu H, Liu C, Ma R, Jia Q, Zhao D, Niu J, Fu M, Gao S, Zhang D. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in Osteoporosis: A Review of its Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Safety. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091469. [PMID: 28872612 PMCID: PMC6151717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) has now attracted increasing attention as an alternative medicine in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. This study aimed to provide a general review of traditional interpretation of the actions of FLL in osteoporosis, main phytochemical constituents, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology in bone improving effect, and safety. Materials and Methods: Several databases, including PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, National Science and Technology Library, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Web of Science were consulted to locate publications pertaining to FLL. The initial inquiry was conducted for the presence of the following keywords combinations in the abstracts: Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, osteoporosis, phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, salidroside. About 150 research papers and reviews were consulted. Results: FLL is assumed to exhibit anti-osteoporotic effects by improving liver and kidney deficiencies and reducing lower back soreness in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The data from animal and cell experiments demonstrate that FLL is able to improve bone metabolism and bone quality in ovariectomized, growing, aged and diabetic rats through the regulation of PTH/FGF-23/1,25-(OH)2D3/CaSR, Nox4/ROS/NF-κB, and OPG/RANKL/cathepsin K signaling pathways. More than 100 individual compounds have been isolated from this plant. Oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, salidroside, and nuzhenide have been reported to exhibit the anti-osteoporosis effect. The pharmacokinetics data reveals that salidroside is one of the active constituents, and that tyrosol is hard to detect under physiological conditions. Acute and subacute toxicity studies show that FLL is well tolerated and presents no safety concerns. Conclusions: FLL provides a new option for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which attracts rising interests in identifying potential anti-osteoporotic compounds and fractions from this plant. Further scientific evidences are expected from well-designed clinical trials on its bone protective effects and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Haixia Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Liu G, Ma C, Wang P, Zhang P, Qu X, Liu S, Zhai Z, Yu D, Gao J, Liang J, Dai W, Zhou L, Xia M, Yang H. Pilose antler peptide potentiates osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoclastogenesis via manipulating the NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:388-395. [PMID: 28733032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bones are inflexible yet ever-changing metabolic organs, and bone homeostasis is maintained through two delicately regulated processes: bone construction and bone reabsorption. An imbalance in bone metabolism is linked to most orthopedic diseases, including osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Importantly, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) blocks osteoblast differentiation and stimulates osteoclast formation, resulting in delayed deposition of new bone and accelerated bone resorption, especially in rheumatoid arthritis patients with inflammatory conditions. Pilose antler peptide (PAP) isolated and purified from deer antlers has been shown to have beneficial effects on chronic inflammation. In the present study, we studied the impact of PAP on osteoblast differentiation and evaluated the regulatory mechanism, with particular emphasis on the effect of PAP on TNF-α-mediated NF-κB signaling. Mouse primary osteoblast cells were activated with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for osteoblast differentiation. A significant stimulatory effect of PAP in osteoblastogenesis was observed using ALP activity and Alizarin Red S staining assays. Meanwhile, PAP significantly rescued TNF-α-induced impairment of osteoblast formation as well as mineralization. Furthermore, we found a similar trend upon analyzing osteoblast-specific gene expression. PAP significantly rescued TNF-α-mediated decrease in expression of osteoblast-specific genes. A molecular mechanism assay indicated that PAP significantly inhibited TNF-α-mediated stimulation of NF-κB signaling activity, as well as nuclear translocation of its subunit p65. Moreover, over-expression of p65 reversed the stimulatory effects of PAP on osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, we also identified that PAP dose dependently inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and this effect might be achieved via suppressing NF-κB activity. In summary, this study shows that PAP promotes osteoblast differentiation and blocks TNF-α-mediated suppression of osteoblastogenesis in vitro via the NF-κB/p65 pathway, as well as inhibits osteoclastsogenesis in vitro. Therefore, PAP, a novel drug with both antiresorptive and osteoanabolic activity, shows therapeutic potential as an alternative treatment for osteolytic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiying Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zanjing Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Degang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixiang Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lindong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjiao Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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