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Liu L, Tang Z, Zeng Q, Qi W, Zhou Z, Chen D, Cai D, Chen Y, Sun S, Gong S, He B, Yu S, Zhao L. Transcriptomic Insights into Different Stimulation Intensity of Electroacupuncture in Treating COPD in Rat Models. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2873-2887. [PMID: 38741612 PMCID: PMC11090121 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s458580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Electroacupuncture (EA), with varying stimulation intensities, has demonstrated therapeutic potentials in both animal and clinical studies for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, a comprehensive investigation of the intensity-related effects, particularly 1mA and 3mA of EA, and the underlying mechanisms remains lacking. Methods A COPD rat model was established by prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and intermittent intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. EA treatment was administered at acupoints BL13 (Feishu) and ST36 (Zusanli), 20 minutes daily for 2 weeks, with intensities of 1mA and 3mA. EA effectiveness was evaluated by pulmonary function, histopathological change, serum level of inflammatory cytokines, and level of oxidative stress markers in serum and lung tissues. Transcriptome profiling and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to reveal gene expression patterns and identify hub genes. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. Results EA at both 1mA and 3mA exerted differing therapeutic effects by improving lung function and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD rats. Transcriptome analysis revealed distinct expression patterns between the two groups, functionally corresponding to shared and intensity-specific (1mA and 3mA) enriched pathways. Eight candidate genes were identified, including Aqp9, Trem1, Mrc1, and Gpnmb that were downregulated by EA and upregulated in COPD. Notably, Msr1 and Slc26a4 exclusively downregulated in EA-1mA, while Pde3a and Bmp6 upregulated solely in EA-3mA. WGCNA constructed 5 key modules and elucidated the module-trait relationship, with the aforementioned 8 genes being highlighted. Additionally, their mRNA and protein levels were validated by RT-qPCR and WB. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that 1mA and 3mA intensities induce distinct gene expression patterns at the transcriptional level, associated with shared and 1mA vs 3mA-specific enriched pathways. Genes Mrc1, Gpnmb, Trem1, and Aqp9 emerge as promising targets, and further studies are needed to elucidate their functional consequences in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zili Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchuan Qi
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daohong Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingjun Cai
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyao Gong
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Yu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
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Wang J, Wu X, Chen J, Gao T, Zhang Y, Yu N. Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide in nano-drug delivery systems: Current progress and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116330. [PMID: 38422656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides (TCMPs) have gained increasing attention in the field of nanomedicine due to their diverse biological activities and favorable characteristics as drug carriers, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, safety, and ease of modification. TCMPs-based nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) offer several advantages, such as evasion of reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytosis, protection against biomolecule degradation, enhanced drug bioavailability, and potent therapeutic effects. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the latest developments in TCMPs-based NDDSs and their applications in disease therapy is of great significance. This review provides an overview of the structural characteristics and biological activities of TCMPs relevant to carrier design, the strategies employed for constructing TCMPs-based NDDSs, and the versatile role of TCMPs in these systems. Additionally, current challenges and future prospects of TCMPs in NDDSs are discussed, aiming to provide valuable insights for future research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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Yang Q, Shen X, Zhao J, Er-Bu A, Liang X, He C, Yin L, Xu F, Li H, Tang H, Fu Y, Lv C. Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu polysaccharide alleviates LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation via NF-κB signal pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130452. [PMID: 38417755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible homologous plant, Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu has been used for treating lung diseases in Tibet. In this study, a pectin polysaccharide, OGY-LLPA, with a molecular weight of 62,184 Da, was isolated and characterized by GC-MS and NMR analysis. It mainly consists of galacturonic acid (GalA), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), and arabinose (Ara), with a linear main chain of galacturonic acid (homogalacturonan, HG) inserted by part of rhamnose galacturonic acid (rhamnogalacturonan, RG), attaching with arabinogalactan (AG) branches at RG-I. Both in the LPS-induced A549 cell model and LPS-induced pneumonia mouse model, OGY-LLPA demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects, even comparable to DEX, indicating its potential as an anti-pneumonia candidate agent. Moreover, low-dose OGY-LLPA alleviated LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Overall, these findings could not only contribute to the utilization of Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu., but also provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xuelian Shen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Junxi Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Aga Er-Bu
- Medical college, Tibet University, Lasa 850000, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China.
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Funeng Xu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yuping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Liu YJ, Gao KX, Peng X, Wang Y, Wang JY, Hu MB. The great potential of polysaccharides from natural resources in the treatment of asthma: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129431. [PMID: 38237839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in diagnosis and treatment, asthma remains a serious public health challenge. The conventional therapeutic drugs for asthma often have side effects and unsatisfactory clinical efficacy. Therefore, it is very urgent to develop new drugs to overcome the shortcomings of conventional drugs. Natural polysaccharides provide enormous resources for the development of drugs or health products, and they are receiving a lot of attention from scientists around the world due to their safety, effective anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory properties. Increasing evidence shows that polysaccharides have favorable biological activities in the respiratory disease, including asthma. This review provides an overview of primary literature on the recent advances of polysaccharides from natural resources in the treatment of asthma. The mechanisms and practicability of polysaccharides, including polysaccharides from plants, fungus, bacteria, alga, animals and others are reviewed. Finally, the further research of polysaccharides in the treatment of asthma are discussed. This review can provide a basis for further study of polysaccharides in the treatment of asthma and provides guidance for the development and clinical application of novel asthma treatment drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Kui-Xu Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Xi Peng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Jing-Ya Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Mei-Bian Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, PR China.
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Yang L, Zhang X, Wang Z, Lin X, Zhang Y, Lu J, Wu L, Yao S, Jing W, Huang X, Wang P. Decoction regulating phytochemicals' micromorphology changes and anti-inflammation activity enhancements originated from herb medicine supermolecules. Chin Med 2024; 19:19. [PMID: 38279104 PMCID: PMC10811931 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mahuang Fuzi decoction (MGF) is composed of three herb medicines that has been clinically used to treat inflammatory diseases for a long history. At present, more and more active phytochemicals' aggregations have been found during the thermodynamic process of herb medicine decoction, and revealing the clinical efficacy of herb medicine through supramolecular strategies is the focus of current research. However, it is not clear whether decoction induced supermolecules' morphological changes to modify activity. METHODS Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to analyze the micromorphology of MGF, MGF SA (MGF supermolecules), and MIX (physical mixture of MGF single decoction). The interaction and thermodynamic parameters of single herbs in a decoction were investigated by Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The phytochemicals were systematically analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). Under the safe dose on RAW264.7 cells, NO, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method. NF-κB p65 translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus was examined using the immunofluorescence assay and the western blot, respectively. Furthermore, Metabolomics was used to discover potential biomarkers and the associated metabolic pathways of MGF SA treatment. RESULTS There were nanoscale aggregations in MGF, and the micromorphology of the extracted MGF SA consisted of uniform particles; while the MIX micromorphology had no uniformity. ITC showed that the interaction MH-GC and FZ-GC were a spontaneous exothermic reaction, indicating that their phytochemicals had the property of self-assembly. Though the micromorphology between MGF, MGF SA, and MIX was obviously different, UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS results displayed that the main phytochemicals of MGF and MIX had nearly the same components. Interestingly, MGF and MGF SA could significantly inhibit the production of NO, and had better inhibition effect on the expression of nuclear protein NF-κB p65 than MIX, among which MGF SA had the best effect. Further investigation indicated that the perturbance of metabolic profiling in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells was obviously reversed by MGF SA. CONCLUSIONS The decoction enriched the key active phytochemicals and regulated the formation of homogeneous nanoparticles in MGF SA. The supermolecules in MGF SA significantly enhanced its anti-inflammatory activity, primarily affecting the NF-κB signaling pathway and the biosynthesis and metabolism of arginine in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells. Current study displayed that co-decocting herbal medicine were beneficial to the treatment of diseases than the mixture of the single herbs' extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Yang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yaozhi Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jihui Lu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Linying Wu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shuchang Yao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wenguang Jing
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xuemei Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Mufti A, Feriani A, Contreras MDM, Nehdi S, Hfaeidh N, Tlili N, Harrath AH. Ephedra alata Seeds Confer Kidney Protection against Early Life Exposure to Acephate by Regulating Oxidative Insult and Activating Autophagy. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2254. [PMID: 38137855 PMCID: PMC10745092 DOI: 10.3390/life13122254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current work was to examine for the first time the nephropreventive capacity of Ephedra alata seed extract (E) against maternal exposure to acephate in rat offspring. The in vivo results revealed that E. alata supplementation for 28 days (40 mg/kg b.w.) significantly attenuated the nephrotoxicity in adult offspring induced by acephate. In fact, it decreased the levels of creatinine and uric acid and increased the albumin content compared to the intoxicated group. The in utero studies showed that E. alata inhibited the renal oxidative stress generated by acephate exposure by reducing lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant biomarker activities (GSH, CAT, and SOD). The inhibition of DNA fragmentation and the improvement of the ultrastructural changes highlighted the prophylactic effect of E. alata in renal tissue. Additionally, the immunofluorescence study showed the upregulation of LC3 gene expression, suggesting the capacity of E. alata extract to stimulate autophagic processes as a protective mechanism. Molecular docking analysis indicated that hexadecasphinganine, the major compound in E. alata, has a higher affinity toward the Na+/K+-ATPase, epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and sodium hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) genes than acephate. Hexadecasphinganine could be considered a potential inhibitor of the activity of these genes and therefore exerted its preventive capacity. The obtained findings confirmed that E. alata seed extract exerted nephropreventive capacities, which could be related to its bioactive compounds, which possess antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afoua Mufti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia; (A.M.); (A.F.); (N.H.)
| | - Anouar Feriani
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia; (A.M.); (A.F.); (N.H.)
| | - María del Mar Contreras
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering and Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Saber Nehdi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Najla Hfaeidh
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia; (A.M.); (A.F.); (N.H.)
| | - Nizar Tlili
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement Borj Cédria, Université de Carthage, Hammam chat 2050, Ben Arous, Tunis 1073, Tunisia;
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Meng T, Ding J, Shen S, Xu Y, Wang P, Song X, Li Y, Li S, Xu M, Tian Z, He Q. Xuanfei Baidu decoction in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Efficacy and potential mechanisms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19163. [PMID: 37809901 PMCID: PMC10558324 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide and become a major global public health concern. Although novel investigational COVID-19 antiviral candidates such as the Pfizer agent PAXLOVID™, molnupiravir, baricitinib, remdesivir, and favipiravir are currently used to treat patients with COVID-19, there is still a critical need for the development of additional treatments, as the recommended therapeutic options are frequently ineffective against SARS-CoV-2. The efficacy and safety of vaccines remain uncertain, particularly with the emergence of several variants. All 10 versions of the National Health Commission's diagnosis and treatment guidelines for COVID-19 recommend using traditional Chinese medicine. Xuanfei Baidu Decoction (XFBD) is one of the "three Chinese medicines and three Chinese prescriptions" recommended for COVID-19. This review summarizes the clinical evidence and potential mechanisms of action of XFBD for COVID-19 treatment. With XFBD, patients with COVID-19 experience improved clinical symptoms, shorter hospital stay, prevention of the progression of their symptoms from mild to moderate and severe symptoms, and reduced mortality in critically ill patients. The mechanisms of action may be associated with its direct antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and antimicrobial properties. High-quality clinical and experimental studies are needed to further explore the clinical efficacy and underlying mechanisms of XFBD in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jingyi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Shujie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Yingzhi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010 China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Jiangong Hospital, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Xinbin Song
- Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yixiang Li
- Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shangjin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Minjie Xu
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010 China
| | - Ziyu Tian
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qingyong He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
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Yang M, Tao L, Wang Z, Li L, Luo J, Pai K, Li W, Zhao C, Sheng J, Tian Y. The Mechanism of Peach Gum Polysaccharide Preventing UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging by Regulating Matrix Metalloproteinanse and Oxidative Factors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104104. [PMID: 37241845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet light can cause oxidative damage and accelerate skin aging and is one of the main causes of skin aging. Peach gum polysaccharide (PG) is a natural edible plant component that has many biological activities, such as regulating blood glucose and blood lipids and improving colitis, as well as antioxidant and anticancer properties. However, there are few reports on the antiphotoaging effect of peach gum polysaccharide. Therefore, in this paper, we study the basic composition of the raw material peach gum polysaccharide and its ability to improve UVB-induced skin photoaging damage in vivo and in vitro. The results show that peach gum polysaccharide is mainly composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose, and arabinose, and its molecular weight (Mw) is 4.10 × 106 g/mol. The results of the in vitro cell experiments show that PG could significantly alleviate UVB-induced apoptosis of human skin keratinocytes, promote cell growth repair, reduce the expression of intracellular oxidative factors and matrix metal collagenase, and improve the extent of oxidative stress repair. Moreover, the results from the in vivo animal experiments showed that PG could not only effectively improve the phenotype of UVB-induced photoaged skin in model mice but also significantly improve their oxidative stress status, regulate the contents of ROS and the levels of SOD and CAT, and repair the oxidative skin damage induced by UVB in vivo. In addition, PG improved UVB-induced photoaging-mediated collagen degradation in mice by inhibiting the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases. The above results indicate that peach gum polysaccharide has the ability to repair UVB-induced photoaging and may be used as a potential drug and antioxidant functional food to resist photoaging in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Liang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zilin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kuannu Pai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Weitong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Cunchao Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- PuEr University, Puer 665000, China
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9
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Li H, Wang Y, Han X. ESP-B4 promotes nasal epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing miR-146a-5p to modulate Smad3/GATA-3 thus relieving allergic rhinitis: ESP-B4/miR-146a-5p in AR. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154516. [PMID: 36370637 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though generally a mild affliction, allergic rhinitis (AR) is very common and causes considerable discomfort. Ephedra sinica polysaccharide is a candidate cost-effective therapy to relieve AR symptoms. PURPOSE We explore the molecular mechanism of pure polysaccharide ESP-B4 action in AR. METHODS RPMI2650 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide to induce an in vitro sensitization model, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated. A rat model of AR was established using ovalbumin as the allergen and was treated with Ephedra sinica polysaccharide to observe changes in rhinitis symptoms, nasal mucosa histopathology and molecular pathology. ESP-B4-treated sensitized cells were adopted in vitro to verify effect of Ephedra sinica polysaccharide on miR-146a-5p expression in RPMI2650 cell-derived EVs and helper T cell differentiation. RESULTS miR-146a-5p inhibited Smad3, impeded the Smad3/GATA-3 interaction, upregulated IFN-γ expression, and promoted CD4+T cell Th1 differentiation. Treatment with ESP-B4 relieved AR in rats, and elevated miR-146a-5p in the EVs from the nasal epithelial cells, apparently in relation to effects on helper T cell Th1/Th2 equilibrium. CONCLUSION Overall, ESP-B4 can promote miR-146a-5p secretion, affect the Th1/Th2 balance of helper T cells, and relieve AR symptoms through Smad3/GATA-3 interaction, thus presenting a potential strategy for AR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250001, PR China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250014, PR China.
| | - Xiuli Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250014, PR China
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10
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Zhang B, Zeng M, Zhang Q, Wang R, Jia J, Cao B, Liu M, Guo P, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Feng W. Ephedrae Herba polysaccharides inhibit the inflammation of ovalbumin induced asthma by regulating Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cell immune imbalance. Mol Immunol 2022; 152:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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A Meta-Analysis of 13 Randomized Trials on Traditional Chinese Medicine as Adjunctive Therapy for COVID-19: Novel Insights into Lianhua Qingwen. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4133610. [PMID: 36349317 PMCID: PMC9637467 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4133610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) paired with western medicine in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 remains controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to identify the effects of TCM. Seven electronic databases were reviewed from the inception of these databases to 30 June 2022. A quality assessment of the included studies was performed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool to provide a score of high, unclear, or low risk of bias. The standard software program (Stata, version 12.0, statistical software) was used for endpoint analyses. A total of 13 RCTs involving 1398 patients conducted in China were included. The cross-sectional data from various studies were plotted, and the results illustrated that the statistically higher rates of total effectiveness (RR, 1.357; 95% CI, 1.259 to 1.464;
), improvement of chest CT (RR, 1.249; 95% CI, 1.143 to 1.356;
), and cough improvement (RR, 1.228; 95% CI, 1.057 to 1.570;
) and a lower incidence of conversion to severe cases (RR, 0.408; 95% CI, 0.275 to 0.605;
) were demonstrated in the TCM group than that of the control group. Of note, the subgroup on specific TCM of Lianhua Qingwen (LQ) revealed that the experiment group was associated with a higher rate of total effectiveness (RR, 1.248; 95% CI, 1.136 to 1.371;
) and improvement of chest CT (RR, 1.226; 95% CI, 1.110 to 1.356;
) and a lower rate of conversion to severe cases (RR, 0.469; 95% CI, 0.311 to 0.707;
). However, there was no significant difference in fever improvement (RD, 0.110; 95% CI, -0.063 to 0.283;
). The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that TCM combined with western medicine is more effective in treating COVID-19 via relieving symptoms, promoting patients’ recovery, and cutting the rate of patients developing into severe conditions. However, given the relevant possible biases in our study, adequately powered and better-designed studies with long-term follow-up are required to reach a firmer conclusion.
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12
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Liu JX, Yuan HY, Li YN, Wei Z, Liu Y, Liang J. Ephedra sinica polysaccharide alleviates airway inflammations of mouse asthma-like induced by PM2.5 and ovalbumin via the regulation of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1784-1796. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Epidemiological investigations show that long-term exposure to PM2.5 is directly related to asthma-like and other respiratory diseases. This study aims to further explore the pharmacological effect of Ephedra sinica polysaccharide (ESP) on lung injury caused by atmospheric PM2.5.
Methods
To achieve the aim, we explored the therapeutic effect of ESP on an aggravated asthma-like mouse induced by PM2.5 combined with ovalbumin (OVA), and explored mechanisms underlying the connection between gut microbiota and lung function.
Key findings
Preliminary results showed that ESP alleviated the symptoms of aggravated allergic asthma-like in mice; reduced the number of eosinophils in BALF; reduced the levels of serum Ig-E, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Further qRT-PCR detected that ESP inhibited the NF-κB pathway. The final analysis detected by 16S rRNA and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) confirmed that ESP increased relative proportions of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Butyricicoccus and Paraprevotella, but decreased that of Enterococcus and Ruminococcus; increased acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, and isohexanic acid in the meanwhile.
Conclusions
The study showed that ESP has a potential for future therapeutical applications in the prevention and treatment of asthma-like disease induced by PM2.5 and OVA via regulation of gut microbiota and SCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education , Harbin , PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Nursing College , Harbin , PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education , Harbin , PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- Harbin Environmental Monitoring Center Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education , Harbin , PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shanghai Personalbio Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Xuhui District, Shanghai , PR China
| | - Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education , Harbin , PR China
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13
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Zhang S, Lu X, Fang X, Wang Z, Cheng S, Song J. Cigarette smoke extract combined with LPS reduces ABCA3 expression in chronic pulmonary inflammation may be related to PPARγ/ P38 MAPK signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114086. [PMID: 36115154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABCA3 (ATP-binding cassette class A3) is a transmembrane transporter that plays a positive role in chronic pulmonary inflammation by regulating lipid metabolism. However, it is not completely clear whether ABCA3 and its signaling factors are involved in chronic pulmonary inflammation induced by the combination of CSE (cigarette smoke extract) and LPS (lipopolysaccharide). In this study, we used the method of combining CSE and LPS which was widely used to study lung inflammation-related diseases and has been proven effective in our group's studies to create in vivo and in vitro pulmonary inflammation models. The result showed that, after CSE in combination with LPS treatment, ABCA3 expression was downregulated in rat lung in vivo and in a human alveolar cell line in vitro. ABCA3 expression was upregulated, and related inflammatory factors were downregulated in the state of overexpression of PPARγ or inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway, while PPARγ deletion or MAPK14 overexpression showed the opposite results. The level of PPARγ remained unchanged, and the expression of ABCA3 was upregulated in the state of the p38 MAPK pathway was inhibited under overexpression of PPARγ. These results indicate that CSE combined with LPS can result in downregulation of ABCA3 under conditions of inflammation, and that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway mediated by PPARγ can regulate the expression changes of ABCA3, thus providing new targets for treating chronic pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Zhang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Xianwang Lu
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Shihao Cheng
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Jue Song
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, 230032, Hefei, China.
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14
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Du S, You S, Jiang X, Li Y, Jia Y. Dynamics of the fermentation quality and microbiota in Ephedra sinica treated native grass silage. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3465-3475. [PMID: 35962633 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ephedra sinica on physicochemical characteristics and bacterial community of ensiled native grass by multiple physicochemical analyses combined with high-throughput sequencing. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatments were a control treatment with no additive (CON), Ephedra sinica was added at 1% (CEa1), 3% (CEa2) and 5% of the fresh materials (CEa3). Compared to the CON group, the dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrate contents were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the CEa1 group. Compared to the CON group, the pH was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in Ephedra sinica treated silages, and the higher lactic acid content was observed in Ephedra sinica treated silages. At the genus level, the abundance of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Weissella were the predominant member in the CON, CEa1, CEa2 and CEa3 groups, respectively. The abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the CEa1 group and Pediococcus was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the CEa2 group. According to the 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional profiles, the inoculation of Ephedra sinica accelerated the carbohydrate metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the addition of Ephedra sinica could improve the silage quality of native grass by regulating the bacterial community and the addition of a 1% percentage of fresh materials exhibited the potential possibility in responding to get high-quality native grass silages. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The utilization of herbal additives on fermentation quality combined with 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional analyses will contribute to the direction of future research in improving silage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Du
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sihan You
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019, Hohhot, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019, Hohhot, China
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15
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Dai B, Fan M, Huang X, Gong Z, Cao H, Hu Y, Su Q, Yang T, Chen Y, Peng X, Liu F, Zhang Y. Shuanghua decoction exerts anticancer activity by activating NLRP3 inflammasome via ROS and inhibiting NF-κB signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154249. [PMID: 35716538 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major subtype of liver cancer, with a high mortality rate, and close relation to chronic hepatitis. The components of the NLRP3 inflammasome are poorly expressed or even lost in HCC. Downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome expression significantly affects the clinical stages and pathological grade of HCC. According to previous research, Shuanghua decoction (SHD), a traditional folk prescription, has an inhibitory effect on nasopharyngeal cancer. PURPOSE This study aimed to reveal the therapeutic potential of the traditional folk recipe, SHD and its demolition recipe for HCC, and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS The effect of SHD and its demolition recipe on HCC cell biological behaviors was assessed using the MTT assay, colony formation, LDH release assay, KFluor-Edu staining, annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay, Hoechst staining, wound-healing assay, transwell assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release assay, HPLC, nude mice model, HE staining, IHC, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS SHD was found to inhibit HCC, and Oldenlandia and OP (Oldenlandia: Prunella spike = 2.5:1) were identified as the main ingredients that inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC cells via the activation of the ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Overall, Chinese medicine theory and pharmacology research revealed that SHD, Oldenlandia and OP may be promising traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingling Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Mengying Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyan Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Hanbing Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Qi Su
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, P.R. China; Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Xiujuan Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, P.R. China; Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China.
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16
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Xu J, Liu H, Fan Y, Ji B. Traditional Chinese Medicine is effective for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022; 16:100139. [PMID: 35527852 PMCID: PMC9066964 DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has played crucial roles in treating COVID-19 in China. But its effectiveness has not yet been widely realized/recognized over the world. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the clinical efficacy of TCM medicine in the treatment for COVID-19. We obtained the data of COVID-19 and traditional Chinese medicine from PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and other databases, and searched from January 1, 2020 to January 26, 2022 to determine the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) without language restrictions. The review includes 26 randomized clinical trials including 2981 patients. The treatment of COVID-19 by TCM combined with conventional treatment is more effective than by pure conventional treatment in many aspects, including increasing of the effective rate [OR = 2.47, 95%CI (1.85, 3.30), P < 0.00001], fever disappearance rate [OR = 3.68, 95%CI (1.95, 6.96), P < 0.0001], fatigue disappearance rate [OR = 3.15, 95%CI (1.60, 6.21), P = 0.0009], cough disappearance rate [OR = 2.89, 95%CI (1.84, 4.54), P < 0.00001], expectoration disappearance rate [OR = 5.94, 95%CI (1.98, 17.84), P = 0.001], disappearance rate of shortness of breath [OR = 2.57, 95%CI (1.13, 5.80), P = 0.02], improvement rate of CT image [OR = 2.43, 95%CI (1.86, 3.16), P < 0.00001], and reduction of the hospitalization time [MD = −3.16, 95%CI (−3.75, −2.56), P < 0.00001], and deterioration rate [OR = 0.49, 95%CI (0.29, 0.83), P = 0.007]. The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that TCM can effectively relieve symptoms, boosted patients' recovery, cut the rate of patients developing into severe conditions, and reduce the deterioration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xu
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.,Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.,Rehabilitation Hospital, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baohua Ji
- Biomechanics and Mechanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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17
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Mufti A, Tir M, Zarei A, Contreras MDM, Gómez-Cruz I, Feriani A, Ghazouani L, Saadaoui E, Allagui MS, Harrath AH, Ramazani A, Tlili N. Phytochemical Profiling of Ephedra alata subsp. alenda Seeds by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography—Electrospray Ionization—Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS), Molecular Docking, and Antioxidant, Anti-diabetic, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2059082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afoua Mufti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Tir
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie, de Biologie et de Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques, LR18ES41, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis EL Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Armin Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - María del Mar Contreras
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering and Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Irene Gómez-Cruz
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering and Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Anouar Feriani
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Lakhdar Ghazouani
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Ezzeddine Saadaoui
- Institut National de Recherches en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts (LGVRF), Université de Carthage, BP 10, Ariana, 2080, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Allagui
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Nizar Tlili
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement, Université de Carthage, Tunisia
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18
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Cui XR, Guo YH, Liu QQ. Cangma Huadu granules, a new drug with great potential to treat coronavirus and influenza infections, exert its efficacy through anti-inflammatory and immune regulation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 287:114965. [PMID: 34990767 PMCID: PMC8723765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coronavirus and influenza virus infection seriously threaten human health. Cangma Huadu Granules (CMHD) is an in-hospital preparation composed of eight traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), which has been clinically used against COVID-19 in China and may be a promising candidate for the treatment of influenza. However, the role of its treatment urgently needs to be studied. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the therapeutic effects of CMHD on pneumonia induced by coronavirus (HCoV-229E) and influenza A virus (H1N1/FM1) in mice and explore its mechanism of anti-infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were infected with HCoV-229E or H1N1/FM1 virus through the nasal cavity. CMHD (12.1, 6.05 and 3.03 g/kg/d) or the positive control drugs were administered intragastrically. The lung index and histopathological changes were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of CMHD. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-4 in Serum and the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and immune regulation effects of CMHD, respectively. Furthermore, the levels of p-NF-κBp65/ NF-κB p65, which was the key targets of the NF-κB pathway was analyzed. RESULTS In HCoV-229E-induced pneumonia, the lung index was markedly reduced, and lung pathology was improved in mice that treated with CMHD (12.1, 6.05 g/kg/d). Meanwhile, the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 were obviously inhibited, but the expression of IL-4 was significantly increased in CMHD groups. Compared with the model group, CMHD could also markedly upregulate the level of CD4+ and CD8+. Furthermore, CMHD has a markedly effect on inhibit the expression of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 in the lung. In H1N1-induced pneumonia, the lung index of mice in the CMHD (12.1 g/kg/d) treatment group was lower than that in the model group, and less inflammatory infiltration could be seen in the lung pathological. Moreover, CMHD could also obviously decrease the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, but significantly increase the expression of IL-4. Except for that, CMHD could also markedly downregulate the level of CD4+ and upregulate the level of CD8+ compared with the model group. In addition, CMHD has a markedly effect on inhibit the expression of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 in the lung. CONCLUSION CMHD can significantly combats viral infections caused by HCoV-229E and H1N1, and the mechanism may be related to its multiple functions of anti-inflammatory, immunity regulating and inhibiting NF-κB signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ran Cui
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Guo
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Quan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Wang Z, Fang X, Zhang S, Song J. Pulmonary inflammation caused by cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide up-regulated OATP2B1 in rat lung tissue and pulmonary epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2022; 48:114-125. [PMID: 35441577 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2022.2066223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion transport polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1), as an uptake transporter, is involved in the transport of many related substrate drugs and endogenous substances in the lungs. A large amount of data shows that cigarette smoke plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and bronchitis. However, the effect of cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation on the expression of OATP2B1 is not clear. In this study, we used cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide to establish a lung inflammation model in vivo and in vitro to explore the effect of inflammation on the expression of OATP2B1. Our study found that cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of OATP2B1 and related inflammatory factors, and the expression level of related proteins was higher with the aggravation of inflammation. The experimental results of animals in vivo were consistent with those of cells in vitro. In summary, these findings provide a model and basis for a follow-up study of the mechanism of OATP2B1 in pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jue Song
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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20
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Xie Y, Tu L, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Wu H, Ye S, Li H, Chen Z, Wu J, Cao S, Wei Q, Gu J. Efficacy and safety of Fengshi Gutong Capsule in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: A 4-week randomized controlled, double-blinded, double-dummy trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114731. [PMID: 34634368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fengshi Gutong Capsule (FSGTC) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is composed of seven herbs. It has been widely used for the treatment of joint pain in China. However, the clinical evidence supporting its use in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is lacking. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of FSGTC in the treatment of AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, controlled, double-blinded, double-dummy trial enrolled patients with active AS defined as Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease ActivityIndex (BASDAI) ≥ 4 or Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) ≥ 2.1. Eligible patients were randomized (1:1:1) into combination group (FSGTC plus imrecoxib), FSGTC group (FSGTC plus imrecoxib placebo) or imrecoxib group (imrecoxib plus FSGTC placebo) over a 4-week treatment. The primary endpoint was the composite outcome measure of the Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis 20% (ASAS20) response at week 4. The secondary endpoints included ASDAS-CRP, BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), patient's global assessment of disease activity (PGTA) and safety. RESULTS Of the 180 randomized patients, 159 patients (88.3%) completed the 4-week treatment. ASAS20 response rate at week 4 was achieved by 27.5% in imrecoxib group, compared with 37.0% in combination group (P > 0.05) and 37.0% in FSGTC group (P > 0.05). In comparison to imrecoxib group, there were significantly greater improvements of ASDAS-CRP and PTGA in combination group and greater improvement of ASDAS-CRP in FSGTC group while the rest of the secondary endpoints shown similar improvement. The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events in imrecoxib group (15.7%) was significantly higher than that of FSGTC group (1.9%) and without a significant difference to combination group (7.4%). CONCLUSION FSGTC alone or combined with NSAIDs has therapeutic efficacy in decreasing disease activity of active AS patients and with good gastrointestinal tolerability after 4-week of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liudan Tu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Henglian Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Dongguan TungWah Hospital, Dongguan, China.
| | - Shanhui Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zena Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jialing Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuangyan Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiujing Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jieruo Gu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Zhang H, Xie W, Liu J, Xiang X, Zhang S, Hu J, Yang J. Systematic Study on a Quantitative Analysis of Multicomponents by Single Marker (QAMS) Method for Simultaneous Determination of Eight Constituents in Pneumonia Mixture by UPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:8311588. [PMID: 34777891 PMCID: PMC8580625 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8311588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia mixture was formulated and is available to treat children acute pneumonia and acute bronchitis in our hospital for nearly forty years, but there are few studies of its quality evaluation or control. In this paper, a new strategy for quality evaluation of pneumonia mixture was explored and verified through qualitative and quantitative analyses of multicomponents by single marker (QAMS) by UPLC-MS/MS. Baicalein was selected as an internal reference, and the relative correction factors (RCFs) and the relative retention time (RRT) of (R, S)-goitrin, amygdalin, chlorogenic acid, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, ephedrine hydrochloride, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, and baicalin were established. The robustness and durability of the QAMS method were investigated. RCF values calculated by the average (AVG) method and linear regression (LRG) method had good repeatability and were acceptable for quantitative analysis, and the RTT combined with the exact masses of precursor and fragment ions and their abundance could be adopted for accurately positioning the chromatographic peak of the eight constituents. The consistency and feasibility of the QAMS method were verified by comparing the contents of the seven components calculated by a classic and validated external standard method (ESM) with those of the QAMS method, which reduces analytical cost and time of detection and avoids the problem of the diversity and large quantity of reference standards. The results demonstrated that the QAMS method developed in this paper could provide a new, alternative, and promising method to comprehensively and effectively determine multicomponents and control the quality of pneumonia mixture or even a group of similar medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Weina Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jiangyun Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Junping Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
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22
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Wei X, Peng M, Liu D, Zhao L, Gu X, Wang L, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Si N, Wang H, Hou L, Shu Z, Bian B. Integrated pharmacology reveals the mechanism of action of Bu-Shen-Tong-Du prescription against collagen-induced arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112160. [PMID: 34560546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Bu-Shen-Tong-Du prescription (BSP) has traditionally been used in to treat RA but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the potential mechanisms of BSP in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats, a classic animal model of RA. We employed an integrated pharmacology approach in combination with network pharmacology, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, and biochemical analyses to determine the mechanisms of BSP for treating RA. We found that BSP can regulate immunity and inflammation by decreasing the spleen index; inhibiting hyperplasia of the white pulp; reducing the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-γ; and increasing the levels of IL-10 in the serum. Network pharmacology was utilized to predict related signal transduction pathways of BSP in RA treatment. 1H NMR metabolomics of the serum confirmed that BSP regulated energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Finally, we validated the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway using immunohistochemical methods, which demonstrated that BSP controlled RA-induced inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results confirm the therapeutic effect of BSP in a CIA rat model, which is exerted via the inhibition of the inflammation and the improvement of the immune function, balancing energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study provides an experimental basis for using BSP as a combinatorial drug to inhibit inflammation and regulate immunity in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Mingming Peng
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Danbing Liu
- Taiyuan Houliping Rheumatism and Osteopathy Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Shaanxi Chinese Medicine Institute (Shaanxi Pharmaceutical Information Center), Xian-yang 712000, China.
| | - Xinru Gu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Linna Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Nan Si
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Liping Hou
- Taiyuan Houliping Rheumatism and Osteopathy Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Zunpeng Shu
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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23
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Seif M, Deabes M, El-Askary A, El-Kott AF, Albadrani GM, Seif A, Wang Z. Ephedra sinica mitigates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation via suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in fipronil-treated rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62943-62958. [PMID: 34218381 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ephedra sinica (ES) is a promising medicinal plant with a wide range of pharmacological aspects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Fipronil (FN) is a popularly used systemic insecticide in agriculture and veterinary applications. FN exposure can result in a variety of negative health consequences. The study aimed to explore the prophylactic effects of Ephedra sinica extract (ESE) against hepatotoxicity in FN-treated rats by following the TLR4/ MyD88/ NF-κB pathway. ESE was tested for polyphenolic and antioxidant activity. Forty rats were separated into four groups and given orally by FN (10 mg/kg B.W.) and/or ESE (150 mg/kg B.W.). Blood and tissue samples were collected at the end of the experiment and prepared for pathophysiological, gene expression, and pathological analysis. ESE showed strong antioxidant activity, as well as reduced levels of hepatic MDA and oxidative stress markers (H2O2, NO). Hepatic SOD and CAT activities were increased even further. Furthermore, in FN-treated rats, ESE improved liver functions (ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH) and recovered the lipid profile (Cho, TriG, HDL, and LDL). Moreover, by inhibiting TLR4/ MyD88/ NF-κB induction, ESE alleviated hepatic pathological changes and decreased FN-induced elevations of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA/protein levels. These findings suggested that ESE mitigated FN-induced hepatotoxicity via combating oxidative stress and relieving inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Seif
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Toxicology and Food Contaminants Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, P.O, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Deabes
- Toxicology and Food Contaminants Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, P.O, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmad El-Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Seif
- Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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24
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Wang Y, Lu C, Li H, Qi W, Ruan L, Bian Y, Shi H, Song H, Tu S, Zhang Y, Bai T, Cao R, Hong K, Li H, Liu L, Lu S, Rong N, Liu Y, Fang J, Shi J, Yang W, Zhao B, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Fan T, Rong P, Huang L. Efficacy and safety assessment of severe COVID-19 patients with Chinese medicine: A retrospective case series study at early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:113888. [PMID: 33529638 PMCID: PMC7847283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has formed a global pandemic since late 2019. Benefitting from the application experience of Chinese Medicine (CM) for influenza and SARS, CM has been used to save patients at the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak in China. AIM OF THE STUDY In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CM, and compare with Western Medicine (WM) for COVID-19, we conducted a retrospective case series study based on the patients in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China. METHODS The inclusion and exclusion criteria of data extraction were set for this retrospective study. All patients who were admitted by the Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital between January 17th and February 25th 2020 were considered. In addition, patients enrolled met the severe defined by the guidelines released by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. In these cases included in the study, CM or WM treatment was selected according to the wishes of the patients at the beginning of hospitalization. The patients in CM group were treated with Huashi Baidu granule (137 g po, bid) combined with the injections of Xiyanping (100 mg iv, bid), Xuebijing (100 ml iv, bid) and Shenmai (60 ml iv, qd) according to the syndrome of epidemic toxin blocking the lung in the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The WM group received antiviral therapy (including abidor capsule 0.2 g po, tid; Lopinavir-Ritonavir tablets, 500 mg po, bid), antibiotics (such as cefoperazone 2 g iv, bid; moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets, 0.4 g po, qd) or corticosteroid therapy (such as methylprednisolone succinate sodium 40 mg iv, qd; prednisone, 30 mg po, qd). In addition, patients in both groups received routine supportive treatment, including oxygen inhalation, symptomatic therapy, and/or human intravenous immunoglobulin, and/or serum albumin, and treatment for underlying diseases. The clinical outcomes were evaluated based on changes related with clinical manifestations, computer tomography (CT) scan images, and laboratory examinations before and after the treatment. RESULTS 55 severe COVID-19 patients, with 23 in CM group and 32 in WM group, were included for analyzed. There was no case of death, being transferred to ICU, or receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in two groups during hospitalization. The median time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance in CM and WM group were 12 days and 15.5 days respectively, the ratio of nucleic acid negative conversion of CM group at different follow-up time points was significantly higher than that of WM group (HR: 2.281, P = 0.018). Further, the chest CT imaging showed more widely lung lesion opacity absorbed in the CM group. The high sensitivity C-reactive protein and serum ferritin decreased significantly in the CM group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse events in terms of liver function and renal function between the two groups. CONCLUSION Based on this retrospective analysis from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CM has better effects in SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance, promoting lung lesion opacity absorbed and reducing inflammation in severe COVID-19 patients, which is effective and safe therapy for treating severe COVID-19 and reducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Qi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yongjun Bian
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxin Shi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Song
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Hong
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Li Liu
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Sixia Lu
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianhe Rong
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Fang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaheng Shi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyuan Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiebing Fan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peijing Rong
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Fang X, Wang Z, Qi C, Zhou J, Zhang S, Song J. The changes of MRP2 expression in three kinds of pulmonary inflammation models: the downregulation occurred in cigarette smoke extract (CSE) stimulation group and CSE plus LPS stimulation group, unchanged in LPS stimulation group. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:413-424. [PMID: 33752573 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1903638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The transporter multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) can transport some tobacco carcinogens and plays an important role in the transport of mediators related to pulmonary inflammatory diseases. However, it is not fully understood whether the pulmonary inflammation caused by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is related to the regulation of MRP2. In this study, CSE and LPS were used alone and in combination as stimuli to induce pulmonary inflammation. In addition, the establishment of a pulmonary inflammation model was verified by animal experiments in vivo. We found that compared with those in the control group, the expression of MRP2 protein was downregulated and the expression of inflammatory cytokines was upregulated in pulmonary inflammation in the CSE group and the CSE combined with LPS group. However, there was almost no change in the expression of MRP2 stimulated by LPS alone. Our results show that CSE and CSE combined with LPS downregulate the expression of MRP2 under inflammatory conditions, while LPS has almost no effect on the expression of MRP2 under inflammatory conditions. The in vivo experimental results of CSE combined with LPS were consistent with the cellular results of CSE combined with LPS, which provides a model and basis for other studies of the role of MRP2 in pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanzong Qi
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jue Song
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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Yao W, Chen X, Li X, Chang S, Zhao M, You L. Current trends in the anti-photoaging activities and mechanisms of dietary non-starch polysaccharides from natural resources. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:9021-9035. [PMID: 34142906 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1939263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoaging is a complex and multistage process triggered mainly by ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to exposure to sunlight. Photoaging induces DNA damage and oxidative stress that initiate an inflammatory response and an increase of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, which results in cumulative changes in skin appearance, structure, and functions, and eventually causes skin carcinogenesis. Dietary polysaccharides from bio-resources have been utilized as functional ingredients in healthy food, cosmetics, and drug due to their good bioactivities. However, a systematic introduction to their effects and underlying mechanisms in anti-photoaging is limited. This review discusses the damage and pathogenesis of UV-induced photoaging and summarizes the up-to-date advances in research on the anti-photoaging activity of non-starch polysaccharides from natural edible resources considering the influence of oxidative stress, DNA damage, MMPs regulation, inflammation, and melanogenesis, primarily focusing on the cellular and molecular mechanisms. This paper will help to understand the anti-photoaging functions of dietary non-starch polysaccharides from natural resources and further application in drug and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzi Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Chang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Lee H, Park J, Park K. Fibrosis as a result of polyhexamethylene guanide exposure in cultured Statens Seruminstitut Rabbit Cornea (SIRC) cells. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2021; 36:e2021009-0. [PMID: 34130374 PMCID: PMC8421752 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2021009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research studies on the toxicity of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) as a humidifier disinfectant majorly focused on lung fibrosis. Considering that disinfectants in humidifiers are released in aerosol form, the eyes are directly exposed and highly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of the PHMG. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the adverse effects of PHMG on the eyes; considering fibrosis as a manifestation of PHMG toxicity in the eye, we evaluated fibrosis-related biomarkers in cultured Statens Seruminstitut Rabbit Cornea (SIRC) cells. Cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, fibrosis-related biomarkers were evaluated through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoblotting, and oxidative stress was evaluated using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). Polyhexamethylene guanidine showed cytotoxicity in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Fibrosis related biomarkers including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased in both gene and protein levels. Oxidative stress also increased in the PHMG-treated cultured cells. The findings of the present study suggest that PHMG could cause toxicity in the eye as manifested by fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handule Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea
| | - Juyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea
| | - Kwangsik Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea
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Li S, Cheng CS, Zhang C, Tang GY, Tan HY, Chen HY, Wang N, Lai AYK, Feng Y. Edible and Herbal Plants for the Prevention and Management of COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:656103. [PMID: 33995078 PMCID: PMC8113769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.656103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The outbreak of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now become a global pandemic spreading throughout the world. Unfortunately, due to the high infectiousness of the novel β-coronavirus, it is very likely to become an ordinary epidemic. The development of dietary supplements and functional foods might provide a strategy for the prevention and management of COVID-19. Scope and Approach: A great diversity of potential edible and medicinal plants and/or natural compounds showed potential benefits in managing SARS, which may also combat COVID-19. Moreover, many plants and compounds have currently been proposed to be protective against COVID-19. This information is based on data-driven approaches and computational chemical biology techniques. In this study, we review promising candidates of edible and medicinal plants for the prevention and management of COVID-19. We primarily focus on analyzing their underlying mechanisms. We aim to identify dietary supplements and functional foods that assist in managing this epidemic. Key findings and Conclusion: We infer that acetoside, glyasperin, isorhamnetin, and several flavonoid compounds may prevent and/or be effective in managing COVID-19 by targeting the viral infection, reducing the host cytokine storm, regulating the immune response, and providing organ protection. These bioactive dietary components (used either alone or in combination) might assist in the development of dietary supplements or functional foods for managing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chien-Shan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Yong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Zhou J, Qi C, Fang X, Wang Z, Zhang S, Li D, Song J. DJ-1 modulates Nrf2-mediated MRP1 expression by activating Wnt3a/β-catenin signalling in A549 cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract and LPS. Life Sci 2021; 276:119089. [PMID: 33476627 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by airway obstruction and abnormal inflammatory responses. Multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1) can reduce lung inflammation and damage by excreting various toxic exogenous substances and certain pro-inflammatory molecules. AIMS We studied whether DJ-1 modulates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by activating the Wnt3a/β-catenin signalling pathway to further regulate MRP1 expression and pulmonary antioxidant defences in alveolar epithelial (A549) cells treated with smoke extract (CSE) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MAIN METHODS Marker expression was studied by western blot analysis, quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining of A549 cells. KEY FINDINGS A549 cells exposed to CSE and LPS showed downregulation of DJ-1, Wnt3a, MRP1 and haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and upregulation of inflammatory factors. Additionally, Nrf2 protein levels were significantly decreased, while there was no change in Nrf2 mRNA levels. Overexpression of DJ-1 and Wnt3a activated Nrf2 signalling, increased MRP1 and HO-1 levels and decreased IL-6 protein expression, while knockdown of DJ-1 and Wnt3a had the opposite effects. Furthermore, DJ-1 overexpression and DJ-1 knockdown increased and decreased, respectively, the levels of Wnt3a and β-catenin. Interestingly, Nrf2 and Wnt3a deficiency reduced the protective effects of Wnt3a and DJ-1, respectively, in A549 cells. However, the levels of DJ-1 and Wnt3a were not altered by Wnt3a and Nrf2 deletion, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE In A549 cells treated with CSE and LPS, DJ-1 regulates Nrf2-mediated MRP1 expression and antioxidant defences by activating the Wnt3a/β-catenin signalling pathway. These findings may provide potential therapeutic targets for COPD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanzong Qi
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Dalang Li
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jue Song
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
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Liu K, Wang J, Gao X, Ren W. C1q/TNF-Related Protein 9 Inhibits Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Injury in Cardiomyocytes through NF- κB and TGF- β1/Smad2/3 by Modulating THBS1. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:2540687. [PMID: 33414684 PMCID: PMC7769632 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2540687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9) is implicated in diverse cardiovascular diseases, but its role in viral myocarditis (VMC) is not well explored. This study is aimed at investigating the role and potential mechanism of CTRP9 in VMC. Herein, we found that the peripheral blood collected from children with VMC had lower CTRP9 levels than that from children who had recovered from VMC. H9c2 cardiomyocytes treated with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) were applied to establish a VMC model in vitro, and the expression of CTRP9 was significantly decreased in CVB3-induced H9c2 cells. The overexpression of CTRP9 attenuated CVB3-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis reactions in H9c2 cells by promoting cell proliferation, reducing the cell apoptosis rate, and inhibiting inflammatory cytokine levels and fibrosis-related gene expression. Moreover, we found that thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) levels were increased in children with VMC, and CTRP9 negatively regulated THBS1 expression by interacting with THBS1. The downregulation of THBS1 inhibited CVB3-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in H9c2 cells. In addition, our mechanistic investigation indicated that the overexpression of THBS1 impaired the inhibitory effect of CTRP9 on CVB3-induced H9c2 cells. The results further revealed that the CVB3-induced NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways of H9c2 cells were blocked by CTRP9 yet activated by THBS1. In conclusion, CTRP9 protected H9c2 cells from CVB3-induced injury via the NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways by modulating THBS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Xinru Gao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound Center, The Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
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Wu X, Lu W, Guo Q, Cao M, Zhang W, Liu C, Qu Y, Peng W, Che J, Fang B, Zhou S. Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) combined with Chinese and Western medicine based on "Internal and External Relieving -Truncated Torsion" strategy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23874. [PMID: 33371175 PMCID: PMC7748371 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic since December 2020. It has not only associated with physiological disorder but also with psychological distress and symptoms of mental illness. Whether the vaccines and antivirals can provide protects remains unknown. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is recommended as an alternative and significant way of preventing and treating COVID-19 in China. However, few studies have assessed the benefits of this treatment and mental health after they recover. Our study is designed to investigate effects and safety when using TCM on the course of this disease and the impact of COVID-19 on pandemic-related anxiety. METHOD For this prospective cohort study, we will enroll 300 COVID-19 patients aged 18 to 80 years at 4 centers. We divide them into 2 groups, according to whether they use Baidu Jieduan Granule at a ratio of 1:1. We will compare treatments combined Baidu Jieduan Granule with conventional Western medicine (experimental group) vs treatment of conventional Western medicine only (control group). The basic information of patients including demographic, general condition, primary diseases, and complications will be assessed. Related examines will be conducted at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days. The primary outcomes are clinical outcome. A follow-up time of 1 year (to June 30, 2021) allow us to evaluate the psychiatric disorder after recovery. We will monitor adverse events throughout the trial. DISCUSSION It will be the first prospective cohort study which uses Baidu Jieduan Granule, based on the innovation traditional Chinese medicine strategy of " Internal and External Relieving -Truncated Torsion " to treat the common type of COVID-19. The result of this study may provide evidence-based recommendations of TCM for treatment and psychological distress or symptoms of mental illness of the common type of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wu
- LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.1200 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai
| | - Wei Lu
- LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District
| | - Quan Guo
- LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District
| | - Min Cao
- LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District
| | - Wen Zhang
- LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.1200 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai
| | - Changya Liu
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, NO.856 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Qu
- LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.1200 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai
| | - Wei Peng
- LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.1200 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai
| | - Jinhua Che
- LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.1200 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai
| | - Bangjiang Fang
- LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.1200 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai
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Li Y, Liang J, Shen Y, Kuang HX, Xia YG. A new application of acetylation for analysis of acidic heteropolysaccharides by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hanshiyi Formula, a medicine for Sars-CoV2 infection in China, reduced the proportion of mild and moderate COVID-19 patients turning to severe status: A cohort study. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105127. [PMID: 32791263 PMCID: PMC7416080 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We formulated a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, Hanshiyi Formula (HSYF), which was approved and promoted by the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission for treating mild and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to evaluate the effect of HSYF on the progression to severe disease in mild and moderate COVID-19 patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 in a quarantine station in Wuchang District, Wuhan. Using the real-time Internet information collection application and Centers for Disease Control for the Wuchang District, patient data were collected through patient self-reports and follow-ups. HSYF intervention was defined as the exposure. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who progressed to a severe disease status, and a stratification analysis was performed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify influencing factors that may affect the outcome. Further, we used propensity score matching (PSM) to assess the effect of HSYF intervention on the conversion of mild and moderate to a severe disease status. Totally, 721 mild and moderate COVID-19 patients were enrolled, including 430 HSYF users (exposed group) and 291 non-users (control group). No cases in the exposed group and 19 (6.5 %, P < 0.001) cases in the control group progressed to severe disease, and the difference between the two groups (exposed group-control group) was −6.5 % [95 % confidence interval (CI): (−8.87 %, −4.13 %)]. Univariate regression analysis revealed sex (male), age, fever, cough, and fatigue as risk factors for progression to severe disease. After PSM, none of the HSYF users and 7 (4.7 %, P = 0.022) non-users transitioned to severe disease, and the difference between the two groups (exposed group-control group) was −4.7 % [95 % CI: (−8.2 %, −1.2 %)]. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that sex (male) [OR: 3.145; 95 % CI: 1.036–9.545; P = 0.043] and age (> 48 years) [odds ratio (OR): 1.044; 95 % CI: 1.001–1.088; P = 0.044] were independent risk factors for conversion to severe disease. Therefore, HSYF can significantly reduce the progression to severe disease in patients with mild and moderate COVID-19, which may effectively prevent and treat the disease. However, further larger clinical studies are required to verify our results.
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Qi C, Zhou J, Wang Z, Fang X, Li D, Jin Y, Song J. Cigarette smoke extract combined with lipopolysaccharide reduces OCTN1/2 expression in human alveolar epithelial cells in vitro and rat lung in vivo under inflammatory conditions. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106812. [PMID: 32707498 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic cation transporter 1/2 (OCTN1/2) play important roles in the transport of drugs related to pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the involvement of inflammation induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the regulation of OCTN1/2 is not fully understood. In this study, CSE combined with LPS was used to establish inflammation models in vitro and in vivo. Our study found that the expression of OCTN1/2 was downregulated in rat lung in vivo and in a human alveolar cell line in vitro after treatment with CSE and LPS compared with the control group, while the expression of inflammatory factors was upregulated. After treatment with ipratropium bromide (IB) or dexamethasone (DEX), the expression of OCTN1/2 was upregulated compared with that in the CSE-LPS model group, while the expression of inflammatory factors was significantly downregulated. After administration of the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC on the basis of the inflammatory status, the expression of OCTN1/2 was upregulated in the treated group compared with the CSE-LPS model group, while the expression of phospho-p65, phospho-IκBα and inflammatory factors was significantly downregulated. We further added the NF-κB agonist HSP70 and found a result that the exact opposite of that observed with PDTC. Our findings show that CSE combined with LPS can downregulate the expression of OCTN1/2 under inflammatory conditions, and that the downregulation of OCTN1/2 expression may partially occur via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzong Qi
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Dalang Li
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jue Song
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
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A Review of the Ephedra genus: Distribution, Ecology, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143283. [PMID: 32698308 PMCID: PMC7397145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephedra is one of the largest genera of the Ephedraceae family, which is distributed in arid and semiarid regions of the world. In the traditional medicine from several countries some species from the genus are commonly used to treat asthma, cold, flu, chills, fever, headache, nasal congestion, and cough. The chemical constituents of Ephedra species have been of research interest for decades due to their contents of ephedrine-type alkaloids and its pharmacological properties. Other chemical constituents such as phenolic and amino acid derivatives also have resulted attractive and have provided evidence-based supporting of the ethnomedical uses of the Ephedra species. In recent years, research has been expanded to explore the endophytic fungal diversity associated to Ephedra species, as well as, the chemical constituents derived from these fungi and their pharmacological bioprospecting. Two additional aspects that illustrate the chemical diversity of Ephedra genus are the chemotaxonomy approaches and the use of ephedrine-type alkaloids as building blocks in organic synthesis. American Ephedra species, especially those that exist in Mexico, are considered to lack ephedrine type alkaloids. In this sense, the phytochemical study of Mexican Ephedra species is a promising area of research to corroborate their ephedrine-type alkaloids content and, in turn, discover new chemical compounds with potential biological activity. Therefore, the present review represents a key compilation of all the relevant information for the Ephedra genus, in particular the American species, the species distribution, their ecological interactions, its ethnobotany, its phytochemistry and their pharmacological activities and toxicities, in order to promote clear directions for future research.
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Cao P, Wu S, Wu T, Deng Y, Zhang Q, Wang K, Zhang Y. The important role of polysaccharides from a traditional Chinese medicine-Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Decoction against the COVID-19 pandemic. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116346. [PMID: 32475597 PMCID: PMC7175912 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The new coronavirus pneumonia, named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization, has become a pandemic. It is highly pathogenic and reproduces quickly. There are currently no specific drugs to prevent the reproduction and spread of COVID-19. Some traditional Chinese medicines, especially the Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Decoction (Qing Fei Pai Du Tang), have shown therapeutic effects on mild and ordinary COVID-19 patients. Polysaccharides are important ingredients in this decoction. This review summarizes the potential pharmacological activities of polysaccharides isolated by hot water extraction from Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Decoction, which is consistent with its production method, to provide the theoretical basis for ongoing research on its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022 China.
| | - Sanlan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Yahui Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022 China.
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Xiaoting L, Shanshan L, Qiuhong W, Weichen D, Haixue K. Metagenomics approach the intestinal microbiome structure and function in the anti-H1N1 of a traditional chinese medicine acid polysaccharide. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104351. [PMID: 32634615 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ephedra sinica Stapf polysaccharide is a pure acidic uniform polysaccharide extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Ephedra sinica Stapf. In our past research, it was found that it has anti-inflammatory response and suppresses immunity. Therefore, in this experiment, mice were infected with FM1 virus, treated with Ephedra sinica Stapf polysaccharide, and metagene sequencing was used to sequence the mouse intestinal contents. As a result, we found that Ephedra sinica Stapf polysaccharide has obvious therapeutic effect on acute lung injury caused by H1N1. In the intestinal flora, the abundance of Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteriaceae increased significantly, and the metabolome increased significantly in the KEGG pathway. The intestinal flora may be an important target of Ephedra sinica Stapf polysaccharides metabolism against H1N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiaoting
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in North Medicine, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Efficacy Study Material of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Liang Shanshan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in North Medicine, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Efficacy Study Material of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Wang Qiuhong
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510224, China.
| | - Duanmu Weichen
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in North Medicine, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Efficacy Study Material of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Kuang Haixue
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in North Medicine, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Efficacy Study Material of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction Ameliorates Allergic Rhinitis in Rats by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:6841078. [PMID: 32537469 PMCID: PMC7267863 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6841078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction (MFXD), a Chinese traditional herbal formulation, has been used to treat allergic rhinitis (AR) in China for centuries. However, the mechanism underlying its effect on AR is unclear. This study investigated the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of MFXD on AR. Ovalbumin-induced AR rat models were established, which were then treated with MFXD for 14 days. Symptom scores of AR were calculated. The structure of the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in rat stool and serum was determined by GC-MS. Inflammatory and immunological responses were assessed by histopathology, ELISA, flow cytometry, and western blotting. Our study demonstrated that MFXD reduced the symptom scores of AR and serum IgE and histamine levels. MFXD treatment restored the diversity of the gut microbiota: it increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. MFXD treatment also increased SCFA content, including that of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Additionally, MFXD administration downregulated the number of Th17 cells and the levels of the Th17-related cytokines IL-17 and RORγt. By contrast, there was an increase in the number of Treg cells and the levels of the Treg-related cytokines IL-10 and Foxp3. MFXD and butyrate increased the levels of ZO-1 in the colon. This study indicated MFXD exerts therapeutic effects against AR, possibly by regulating the gut microbial composition and Th17/Treg balance.
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Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Ephedra alata Stems: Structural Characterization, Functional Properties, and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092210. [PMID: 32397299 PMCID: PMC7248924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the physicochemical characterization, functional properties, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides extracted from Ephedra alata (EAP) were investigated. EAP were extracted in water during 3 h with a liquid/solid ratio of 5 in a water bath at 90 °C. The structure of the extracted EAP was examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The functional properties and biochemical activities of EAP were determined. The chemical analysis revealed that the contents of carbohydrates, uronic acid, and proteins were 73.24% ± 1.24%, 6.82% ± 0.57%, and 6.56% ± 0.36%, respectively. The results showed that the extracted EAP essentially contain three functional groups: C=O, C-H, and O-H. SEM images showed that EAP present numerous high porosity particles. The monosaccharide composition revealed a polymer composed of glucose (43.1%), galactose (36.4%), mannose (14.9%), arabinose (3.7%), and gluconic acid (1.7%). EAP showed interesting functional properties (solubility, oil holding capacity, foaming and emulsion properties). Finally, the results revealed that EAP displayed excellent antihypertensive and antioxidant activities. Overall, EAP present a promising natural source of food additives, antioxidants, and antihypertensive agents.
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Huang XF, Cheng WB, Jiang Y, Liu Q, Liu XH, Xu WF, Huang HT. A network pharmacology-based strategy for predicting anti-inflammatory targets of ephedra in treating asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106423. [PMID: 32279042 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Asthma, the most common chronic respiratory disease in the world, is involved in a sustained inflammatory response caused by a variety of immune cells. Ephedra with multi-target, multi-pathway functions is an effective treatment for asthma. However, the ingredients and anti-inflammatory targets of ephedra in treating asthma are unclear. Therefore, there is a need for further research. Ephedra-related and anti-inflammatory targets were found and then combined to get intersection, which represented potential anti-inflammatory targets of ephedra. Moreover, compound-anti-inflammatory target and asthma-target protein-protein interaction network were merged to get the protein-protein interaction network intersection and core genes in asthma-target protein-protein interaction network. For the anti-inflammatory targets of ephedra in treating asthma, Gene Ontology and pathway analysis were executed to confirm gene functions of ephedra in antagonizing inflammation of asthma. Finally, molecular docking, qRT-PCR, WB and ELISA were performed to assess the binding activities between the compounds and anti-inflammatory targets of ephedra in treating asthma. Critical compounds and anti-inflammatory targets of ephedra in treating asthma were identified, including quercetin, luteolin, kempferol, naringenin, beta-sitosterol, SELE, IL-2 and CXCL10. The biological processes of anti-inflammatory targets of ephedra in treating asthma were involved in immune response, inflammatory response, cell-cell signaling and response to lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, 22 pathways were obtained and we proved that critical compounds inhabited the expression of SELE, IL-2 and CXCL10 at mRNA and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wen-Bin Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wei-Fang Xu
- Shenzhen shi Futian Qu Chinese Hospital, China.
| | - Hui-Ting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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Li P, Zhang J, Liang X. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), a traditional Chinese medicine. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2019; 4:3301-3302. [PMID: 33365965 PMCID: PMC7707388 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1673233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ephedra sinica Stapf is a traditional Chinese medicine of Ephedraceae in China, which contains many chemicals, such as ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, flavonoids, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and proanthocyanidins. It shows significant activity in asthma, fever, rheumatoid arthritis, and also promotes diuresis and sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Dai Y, Li Q, Tong J, Verpoorte R, Zhao SJ, Qin XM, Chen S. Quality marker identification based on standard decoction of differently processed materials of Ephedrae Herba. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:47-54. [PMID: 30898554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The quality control of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a scientific problem and an industrial issue, which hampers the development of evidence based TCM. The concept of quality markers (Q-markers) is proposed and has been applied to the quality evaluation of TCM based on its clinical efficacy. However, more specific methods are needed to put this idea into practice. The standard decoction is a representative of decoction used in clinical practice and it can be used for the discovery of Q-markers related to the clinical efficacy of TCM. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, a systemic strategy was established to discover Q-markers related to the clinical efficacy of TCM Ephedrae Herba (EH), dried stem of Ephedra sinica Stapf. The different processed materials of EH have different clinical applications, though originating from the same medicinal herb. MATERIALS AND METHODS The standard decoction of each of the processed materials was prepared and a 1HNMR metabolomics approach and total polysaccharide analysis were used to identify potential Q-markers related to the different clinical applications of EH. Correlation analysis was made of the measured biological activity and the holistic chemical profile. RESULTS The results showed that total polysaccharides and alkaloids were Q-markers for EH preparations. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the standard decoction is a reasonable research objective to explore chemical markers that correlate with the clinical efficacy of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Tong
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China
| | - Robert Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Si-Jun Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Kim MH, Hong SU, Kim HT, Seo HS, Kim K, Ko SG, Choi I. A multicenter study on the efficacy and safety of So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang for perennial allergic rhinitis. Complement Ther Med 2019; 45:50-56. [PMID: 31331582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang (SCRT), also known as Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang or Sho-seiryo-to, is a mixed herbal formula that is used to treat allergic rhinitis, bronchitis, allergic asthma, and common cold in traditional Korean medicine. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of the SCRT for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study of Korean adults with perennial allergic rhinitis. The trial consisted of a 4-week oral administration of SCRT or placebo, with two visits at 2-week intervals, and an 8-week follow-up period, with two visits at 4-week intervals. The primary outcome was a change in the total nasal symptoms score. The secondary outcomes included changes in the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire score, total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), cytokines levels, and nasal endoscopy index. RESULTS SCRT improved nasal symptoms and quality of life in patients with PAR after 4 weeks medication, and these effects did not last 8 weeks after the end of medication. The level of serum IgE, eosinophil counts, and cytokines did not alter after medication. Nasal endoscopy index did not show significant difference. No serious AEs and safety assessment changes were observed in this trial. CONCLUSION SCRT is an effective and safe medication for patients with chronic, perennial, and moderate to severe AR. A clinical study with a >4-week period of medication use, and more participants for immune material test is needed to investigate the long-term efficacy of SCRT in relieving the symptoms of nasal obstruction and identifying the underlying mechanisms of action and indications for traditional Korean medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Ug Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Taek Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Sik Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyuseok Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seoung-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhwa Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Oshima N, Yamashita T, Uchiyama N, Hyuga S, Hyuga M, Yang J, Hakamatsuka T, Hanawa T, Goda Y. Non-alkaloidal composition of Ephedra Herb is influenced by differences in habitats. J Nat Med 2018; 73:303-311. [PMID: 30406370 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-1265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ephedra Herb is a crude drug defined as the terrestrial stem of Ephedra sinica, E. intermedia, or E. equisetina. It is often used to treat headaches, bronchial asthma, nasal inflammation, and the common cold. In this study, we isolated characteristic non-alkaloidal constituents from the extracts and identified them in relation to the habitat of Ephedra Herb. Extracts were prepared from Ephedra Herb collected from Inner Mongolia and Gansu. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to quantitatively analyse the amount of ephedrine alkaloids in each extract. We compared the chemical compositions of the extracts by thin layer chromatography (TLC) to find spot characteristics depending on the habitat. 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectra of the samples were also examined. The ephedrine content of all extracts satisfied the quality standard stated in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. Nonetheless, we found each notable constituent characteristic to the Ephedra Herbs from both habitats. In order to identify them, Ephedra Herb extracts were separated by column chromatography, resulting in the isolation of (±)-α-terpineol-β-D-O-glucopyranoside (1) and (E)-7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct-2-en-1-yl-β-D-O-glucopyranoside (2) as the characteristic constituents in Ephedra Herb from Inner Mongolia. Epheganoside (3), a new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene glycoside, and scopoletin (4) were found to be the characteristic constituents in Ephedra Herb from Gansu. The results obtained from this study can be used to distinguish between the habitats of Ephedra Herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Oshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
| | | | - Nahoko Uchiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Sumiko Hyuga
- Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan
| | - Masashi Hyuga
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Jinwei Yang
- TOKIWA Phytochemical Co., Ltd, 158 Kinoko, Sakura, Chiba, 285-0801, Japan
| | - Takashi Hakamatsuka
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hanawa
- Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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Hu HH, Chen DQ, Wang YN, Feng YL, Cao G, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. New insights into TGF-β/Smad signaling in tissue fibrosis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 292:76-83. [PMID: 30017632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is considered as a crucial mediator in tissue fibrosis and causes tissue scarring largely by activating its downstream small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling. Different TGF-β signalings play different roles in fibrogenesis. TGF-β1 directly activates Smad signaling which triggers pro-fibrotic gene overexpression. Excessive studies have demonstrated that dysregulation of TGF-β1/Smad pathway was an important pathogenic mechanism in tissue fibrosis. Smad2 and Smad3 are the two major downstream regulator that promote TGF-β1-mediated tissue fibrosis, while Smad7 serves as a negative feedback regulator of TGF-β1/Smad pathway thereby protects against TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis. This review presents an overview of the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in renal, hepatic, pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis, followed by an in-depth discussion of their molecular mechanisms of intervention effects both in vitro and in vivo. The role of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in tumor or cancer is also discussed. Additionally, the current advances also highlight targeting TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway for the prevention of tissue fibrosis. The review reveals comprehensive pathophysiological mechanisms of tissue fibrosis. Particular challenges are presented and placed within the context of future applications against tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-He Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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