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Wang J, Xue X, Zhao X, Luo L, Liu J, Dai S, Zhang F, Wu R, Liu Y, Peng C, Li Y. Forsythiaside A alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and epithelial barrier damages in lung and colon through PPAR-γ/RXR-α complex. J Adv Res 2024; 60:183-200. [PMID: 37579917 PMCID: PMC11156707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lung injury (ALI) is a lung disease characterized by inflammation and still requires further drug development. Forsythiaside A as the active compound of Forsythiae Fructus has the therapeutic potential for ALI. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of forsythiaside A in treating ALI through PPAR-γ and its conjugate RXR-α based on gut-lung axis. METHODS This study constructed in vitro and in vivo injury models using LPS and TNF-α. Forsythiaside A was used for the drug treatment, and RXR-α inhibitor UVI3003 was used to interfere with PPAR-γ/RXR-α complexes in the cells. HE staining was used for histopathological examination. Serum endotoxin contents were determined using limulus lysate kit. IHC staining and Western blot were conducted to assess the protein expressions. ELISA was applied to examine the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cell supernatants. The protein interactions were analyzed via CO-IP. RESULTS In vivo results showed that forsythiaside A regulated PPAR-γ/RXR-α and inhibited TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB and MLCK/MLC2 signal pathways, thus inhibiting inflammation and epithelial barrier damages of lung and colon in ALI mice induced by intratracheal LPS. PPAR-γ/RXR-α were promoted by forsythiaside A in lungs, whereas inhibited by forsythiaside A in colons. Additionally, in vitro results showed that forsythiaside A suppressed inflammation and epithelial barrier damages in macrophages and lung/colon epithelial cells, by manipulating PPAR-γ/RXR-α to suppress the LPS- and TNF-α-induced activation of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB and NF-κB/MLCK/MLC2 signal pathways. Moreover, further mechanism study indicated that forsythiaside A showed a cell-specific regulatory effect on PPAR-γ/RXR-α complex. Specifically, the PPAR-γ/RXR-α protein interactions were promoted by forsythiaside A in LPS-induced macrophages RAW264.7 and TNF-α-induced lung epithelial cells A549, but inhibited by forsythiaside A in TNF-α-induced colon epithelial cells SW620. CONCLUSION In the treatment of ALI, Forsythiaside A inhibited inflammation and epithelial barrier damages of lung and colon through its regulation on PPAR-γ/RXR-α complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Zhang M, Qin H, Xiang L, An L, Zhang X, Li K, Wu K, Fei X, Fan W, Xu X, Xu P, Wu Y, Mu D. Camellia sinensis polysaccharide attenuates inflammatory responses via the ROS-mediated pathway by endocytosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131674. [PMID: 38641285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharide CSTPs extracted from Camellia sinensis tea-leaves possessed unique against oxidative damage by scavenging ROS. Herein, acid tea polysaccharide CSTPs-2 with tightly packed molecular structure was isolated, purified and characterized in this research. Furthermore, the effects of CSTPs-2 on ROS-involved inflammatory responses and its underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results suggest that CSTPs-2 dramatically reduced the inflammatory cytokines overexpression and LPS-stimulated cell damage. CSTPs-2 could trigger the dephosphorylation of downstream AKT/MAPK/NF-κB signaling proteins and inhibit nuclear transfer of p-NF-κB to regulate the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated cells by ROS scavenging. Importantly, the impact of CSTPs-2 in downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and mitigating ROS overproduction is associated with clathrin- or caveolae-mediated endocytosis uptake mechanisms, rather than TLR-4 receptor-mediated endocytosis. This study presents a novel perspective for investigating the cellular uptake mechanism of polysaccharides in the context of anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhang
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Huaguang Qin
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Lijun Xiang
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Lujing An
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Kexin Li
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Kai Wu
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Xinyao Fei
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Xinyun Xu
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Yan Wu
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China.
| | - Dan Mu
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China.
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Shan J, Ma W, Guo Y, Chang X, Xie J, Chen Y, Hu X, Yu Q. Unveiling the immunomodulatory mechanism of polysaccharides from Polygonum cyrtonema based on RNA-seq. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113755. [PMID: 38129053 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to illuminate the mechanism of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide (PCP-80%) triggered immune activation. Results showed that PCP-80% enhanced the protein expression of COX-2 and iNOS, along with increasing the release of NO, ROS, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) in RAW264.7 cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed 2160 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following PCP-80% treatment, comprising 1142 up-regulated and 1018 down-regulated genes. In addition, for investigating possible regulatory mechanisms, the NF-κB, MAPKs, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways were also chosen based on bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, these findings were further corroborated through Western blot experiments, validating the activation of JAK-STAT (reduction of JAK1 in cells and elevation of p-STAT3 in the nucleus), MAPK (elevation of p-p38, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK), and NF-κB (elevation of p-IκBα in cells, reduction of cytoplasmic p65, and increase of nuclear content of p-p65) in macrophage activation induced by PCP-80%. Besides, the production of NO and TNF-α was decreased by the inhibitor of the three pathways. In conclusion, these findings provide strong evidence that PCP-80% effectively modulates the immune response of macrophages, with significant involvement of the JAK-STAT, MAPKs, and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialuo Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University College of Food Science and Technology, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University College of Food Science and Technology, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University College of Food Science and Technology, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xinxin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University College of Food Science and Technology, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University College of Food Science and Technology, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University College of Food Science and Technology, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University College of Food Science and Technology, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University College of Food Science and Technology, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Jing Y, Zhang Y, Yan M, Zhang R, Hu B, Sun S, Zhang D, Zheng Y, Wu L. Structural characterization of a heteropolysaccharide from the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida and its bioactivity on the gut microbiota of immunocompromised mice. Food Chem 2023; 413:135658. [PMID: 36780857 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Crataegus pinnatifida is a common food in China, Europe and North America. In order to confirm polysaccharide was the material basis for C. pinnatifida to exert immune regulation. A polysaccharide (CPP) with a molecular weight of 13.58 kDa was isolated from C. pinnatifida. The structure of CPP was determined to be a backbone composed of → 3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, with two branches consisting of → 4)-α-d-Galp-(1 → and → 5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, with α-l-Araf and α-d-Manp as the terminal unit. CPP (10 ∼ 500 μg/mL) could promote the secretion of nitric oxide, interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in vitro. CPP could significantly restore the body weight of immunosuppressive mice and improve the immune organ index and interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion. In addition, CPP increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia and decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level. So CPP can regulate the gut microbiota and play an important role in immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Jing
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yameng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Meng Yan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Beibei Hu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Danshen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Lanfang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
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Compositional analysis and immunomodulatory activity of blue pigment fraction (BPF) from Laba garlic. Food Chem 2023; 406:134976. [PMID: 36455311 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Laba garlic is a kind of garlic (Allium sativum L.) product and blue pigment fraction (BPF) is the characteristic fraction of Laba garlic. The objective of the study was to isolate BPF from Laba garlic and explore its stability, composition, antioxidant activity, and immunomodulatory activity. The results suggested BPF was unstable under alkaline conditions. Twenty-four constituents including 9 peptides and 10 saponins were detected in BPF by Q Exactive HF LC/MS anlaysis. BPF showed antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. It also showed effective immunomodulatory activity at a concentration of 5 μg/mL at the cellular level and the morphology of RAW 264.7 cells changed to a polygonal and dendritic-like structure. BPF could significantly increase NO production (P < 0.05), and up-regulate the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and NF-κB in the RT-QPCR analysis. The present study systematically analyzed the compositions of BPF for the first time, and the results suggested that BPF might be a potential immunomodulator candidate, which is beneficial for the development and application of garlic products and natural pigments.
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Monmai C, Kim JS, Baek SH. Effect of Ginseng Sapogenin Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice (DJ-PPD) on Immunomodulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:767. [PMID: 36840113 PMCID: PMC9959806 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a gut microbiome-induced ginseng metabolite, has positive immune effects. We previously reported the immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory effects of PPD-enricshed rice seed extracts in normal and inflammatory cell environments, respectively. In the present study, the immunomodulatory activity of PPD-enriched transgenic rice seed extract (DJ-PPD), which exhibited the highest immune-related activity among all available extracts, was compared with that of commercially synthesized 20s-PPD (S-PPD) and natural ginseng root extract (GE), in RAW264.7 cells. Compared with S-PPD and GE treatment, DJ-PPD treatment (i) significantly promoted NF-κB p65 and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) phosphorylation; (ii) upregulated IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, TLR-4, and TNF-α expression; (iii) and increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. However, there were no significant differences in the effects of the three treatments containing PPD-type sapogenin or saponins on nitric oxide (NO) production and phagocytic activity. In the inflammatory cell environment, DJ-PPD treatment markedly decreased the production of LPS-induced inflammatory factors, including NO and PGE2, as well as proinflammatory cytokine expression, by decreasing phosphorylated (p-)NF-κB p65, p-p38 MAPK, and p-JNK levels. Thus, DJ-PPD that does not require complex intestinal microbial processes to exert higher anti-inflammatory effects compared with S-PPD and GE. However, DJ-PPD exerted similar or higher immune-boosting effects (depending on inflammatory biomarkers) than S-PPD and GE. These findings indicate the potential of PPD-enriched transgenic rice as an alternative immunomodulatory agent.
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Bo R, Wang J, Rui L, Liu X, Li J, Tao Y, Hong H, Xu S, Huang M, Liu M, Pang H, Li J. Immunoregulatory effect on RAW264.7 cells and subacute oral toxicity of ultra-large pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles loading Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Monmai C, Kim JS, Baek SH. Transgenic Rice Seed Extracts Exert Immunomodulatory Effects by Modulating Immune-Related Biomarkers in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194143. [PMID: 36235795 PMCID: PMC9573073 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a native active triterpenoid present in Panax ginseng, has been reported to exert immune-related effects. We previously created PPD-producing transgenic rice by introducing the P. ginseng protopanaxadiol synthase and dammarenediol-II synthase genes into Dongjin rice. In the present study, the seeds of the T4 generation of this transgenic rice were tested for their immunomodulatory effects in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Treatment with transgenic rice seed extract in RAW264.7 cells (i) significantly enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity (up to 100 µg/mL), (ii) upregulated the expression of immune-related genes and increased production of the inflammation mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and (iii) activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by promoting the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells used to mimic the inflammation condition, treatment with transgenic rice seed extract significantly reduced NO production, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and PGE2 production, all of which are LPS-induced inflammation biomarkers, by inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, p38 MAPK, and JNK. Collectively, these results indicate that PPD-producing transgenic rice has immunomodulatory effects.
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Bo R, Liu X, Wang J, Wei S, Wu X, Tao Y, Xu S, Liu M, Li J, Pang H. Polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz binding with zinc oxide nanoparticles: Characterization, immunological effect and mechanism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:992502. [PMID: 36185684 PMCID: PMC9520191 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.992502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (A. macrocephala) has been used both as a traditional medicine and functional food for hundreds of years in Asia. And it has a variety of biological activities, such as enhancing the ability of immunity and modulating effect on gastrointestinal motility. In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide with molecular weight of 2.743 × 103 Da was isolated from the root of A. macrocephala. Polysaccharide from A. macrocephala (AMP) consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, ribose, galactose uronic acid, glucose uronic acid, with a percentage ratio of 21.86, 12.28, 34.19, 0.43, 0.92, 0.85, 28.79, and 0.67%, respectively. Zinc plays an important role in immune system. Therefore, we supposed that AMP binding with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (AMP-ZnONPs) might be an effective immunostimulator. AMP-ZnONPs was prepared by Borch reduction, and its structural features were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), TEM-energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping (TEM-EDS mapping), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size and zeta-potential distribution analysis. Then, its immunostimulatory activity and the underlying mechanism were evaluated using RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that AMP-ZnONPs remarkably promoted cell proliferation, enhanced phagocytosis, the release of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86 and MHCII). Moreover, AMP-ZnONPs could promote the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), phospho-IκBα (P-IκBα) and phospho-p65 (P-p65), and TLR4 inhibitor (TAK242) inhibited the expression of these proteins induced by AMP-ZnONPs. Therefore, AMP-ZnONPs activated macrophages by TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, indicating that AMP-ZnONPs could act as a potential immunostimulator in medicine and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Simin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuya Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingui Li,
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Huan Pang,
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Qiao Z, Zhao Y, Wang M, Cao J, Chang M, Yun S, Cheng Y, Cheng F, Feng C. Effects of Sparassis latifolia neutral polysaccharide on immune activity via TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent and independent signaling pathways in RAW264.7 macrophages. Front Nutr 2022; 9:994971. [PMID: 36185691 PMCID: PMC9515474 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.994971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSparassis latifolia (S. latifolia) is a precious edible fungus with multiple biological activities. To date, no study has been investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of immunoregulation caused by the neutral polysaccharide of S. latifolia.Materials and methodsTo investigate immunomodulatory mechanism of S. latifolia neutral polysaccharide (SLNP), SLNP was obtained from S. latifolia and its structure, immune receptors and regulation mechanism were studied.ResultsS. latifolia neutral polysaccharide consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose with a molar ratio of 6:12:63:10:5. SLNP was a pyran polysaccharide with a relative molecular weight of 3.2 × 105 Da. SLNP promoted the proliferation of RAW264.7, which further induced the secretions of nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-β, and upregulated the immune receptor TLR4 expression. Moreover, SLNP increased remarkably the levels of TRAF6, IRF3, JNK, ERK, p38, and p38 mRNA and protein mediated by TLR4.ConclusionS. latifolia neutral polysaccharide regulated the immune function of RAW264.7 through MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways mediated by TLR4 receptor, which suggests that SLNP is a new immunomodulator.
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Zhang X, Liu T, Wang X, Zhou L, Qi J, An S. Structural characterization, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory of the phosphorylated polysaccharide from Pholiota nameko. Front Nutr 2022; 9:976552. [PMID: 36118783 PMCID: PMC9471013 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.976552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel polysaccharide (SPN) was extracted by high-temperature pressure method and purified by a DEAE-52 column and a Sephadx G-100 gel column. PPN was obtained after phosphorylation of SPN. The differences of structural features, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory effect of the two polysaccharides were investigated by chemical methods and RAW 264.7 cell model. SPN (Mw = 15.8 kDa) and PPN (Mw = 27.7 kDa) are an acidic polysaccharide with β-pyranose configuration, mainly containing rhamnose, mannose, glucose, arabinose, and galacose. FI-IR, NMR, and SEM spectra showed phosphorylation of SPN changed its structure. In methylation analysis, the major chains of SPN and PPN were 1,4-linked Glcp, 1,6-linked Galp, 1,2-linked Rhap, and 1.6-linked Manp with terminals of t-linked Glcp, t-linked Araf. The side chain of SPN was 1,4,6-linked Galp, 1,2,5-linked Araf, while the side chain of PPN was 1,4,6-linked Galp, 1,2,4-linked Glcp. In antioxidant activity experiments, the free radical scavenging rate of PPN was stronger than that of SPN. Also, PPN always has better anti-inflammatory on RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS than that of SPN in same concentration, and it plays an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The results indicated polysaccharide could significantly improve its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function after phosphorylation. This study provides a potentially antioxidant and anti-inflammatory health food and drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lanying Zhou
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Ji Qi
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu An
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun, China
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12
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Gu D, Wang Y, Jin H, Kang S, Liu Y, Zan K, Fan J, Wei F, Ma S. Changes of Physicochemical Properties and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides During Processing of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934710. [PMID: 35784754 PMCID: PMC9243645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PM) have a long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine and are still widely utilized today. PM in raw or processed form has different biological activities and is commonly used to treat different diseases. Polysaccharides are the main component of PM, and it is unclear whether their physicochemical properties and activities change after processing. In this study, the polysaccharides from thirty-one raw PM (RPMPs) and nine processed PM (PPMPs) were extracted, and the physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of polysaccharide samples were evaluated. Results showed that RPMPs and PPMPs had significant differences in physicochemical properties. RPMPs and PPMPs were both composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. However, RPMPs and PPMPs had significant differences in their yields, molecular weight (Mw), and the molar ratio of Glc/GalA (p < 0.05), which can be used to distinguish raw and processed PM. The fingerprint of monosaccharide composition was analyzed by chemometrics, and it was further demonstrated that Glc and GalA could be used as differential markers. The immunomodulatory activity assays indicated that RPMPs and PPMPs could significantly enhance phagocytosis and mRNA expression of cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the immunomodulatory activity of PPMPs with lower Mw was significantly better than that of RPMPs. This study furthers the understanding of the polysaccharides from raw and processed PM and provides a reference for improving the quality standard of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Gu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Kang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zan
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangcheng Ma,
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13
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Ghosh S, Acharya K. Milky mushroom: A healthy nutritious diet. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Lu J, Zhu B, Zhou F, Ding X, Qian C, Ding Z, Ye X. Polysaccharides From the Aerial Parts of Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg Induce Bidirectional Immunity and Ameliorate LPS-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:838873. [PMID: 35370633 PMCID: PMC8965720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.838873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (Sanyeqing, SYQ) has traditionally been used to treat inflammation, high fever and improve immune function of patients. Polysaccharides have been proved to be one of the important components of SYQ. Previous studies have confirmed the antipyretic and antitumor effects of polysaccharides from SYQ (SYQP), and clarified that SYQP could enhance immunity through TLR4 signalling pathway. However, there were more possibilities for the mechanism by which SYQP exerted immunomodulatory effects and the role of SYQP in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is elusive. The purpose of this study was further to explain the bidirectional modulation of immunity mechanism of SYQP in vitro and its effect in LPS-induced ARDS in vivo. Experimental results showed that SYQP significantly stimulated gene expressions of TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 and secretion of cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Individual or combined application of TLR2 antagonist C29 and TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 could reduce SYQP-mediated stimulation of cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) to varying degrees. On the other hand, SYQP markedly inhibited the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, NO, iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-treatment RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, in vivo results indicated that SYQP significantly reduced LPS-induced damage in ARDS mice through alleviating LPS-induced pulmonary morphological damage, inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression levels, ameliorating the inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and improving hematological status. Meanwhile, SYQP evidently reduced IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion, the overexpression levels of TLR2 and TLR4, as well as the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. In addition, SYQP reduced the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT1 and the overexpression of NLRP3, caspase-1, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in lung tissues of ARDS mice. In summary, our study confirmed that SYQP induced bidirectional immunity and ameliorated LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice through TLR2/TLR4-NF-κB, NLRP3/caspase and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, which provided a theoretical basis for further use of SYQP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaodong Qian
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhishan Ding, ; Xiaoqing Ye,
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhishan Ding, ; Xiaoqing Ye,
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15
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Xiang XW, Wang R, Chen H, Chen YF, Shen GX, Liu SL, Sun PL, Chen L. Structural characterization of a novel marine polysaccharide from mussel and its antioxidant activity in RAW264.7 cells induced by H2O2. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Zhu L, Myhill LJ, Andersen-Civil AIS, Thamsborg SM, Blanchard A, Williams AR. Garlic-derived organosulfur compounds regulate metabolic and immune pathways in macrophages and attenuate intestinal inflammation in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101004. [PMID: 35107883 PMCID: PMC9286605 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Scope: Garlic is a source of bioactive phytonutrients that may have anti‐inflammatory or immunomodulatory properties. The mechanism(s) underlying the bioactivity of these compounds and their ability to regulate responses to enteric infections remains unclear. Methods and Results: This study investigates if a garlic‐derived preparation (PTSO‐PTS) containing two organosulfur metabolites, propyl‐propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), and propyl‐propane thiosulfinate (PTS), regulate inflammatory responses in murine macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in vitro, as well as in a model of enteric parasite‐induced inflammation. PTSO‐PTS decreases lipopolysaccharide‐induced secretion of TNFα, IL‐6, and IL‐27 in macrophages. RNA‐sequencing demonstrates that PTSO‐PTS strongly suppresses pathways related to immune and inflammatory signaling. PTSO‐PTS induces the expression of a number of genes involved in antioxidant responses in IEC during exposure to antigens from the parasite Trichuris muris. In vivo, PTSO‐PTS does not affect T. muris establishment or intestinal T‐cell responses but significantly alters cecal transcriptomic responses. Notably, a reduction in T. muris‐induced expression of Tnf, Saa2, and Nos2 is observed. Conclusion: Garlic‐derived organosulfur compounds exert anti‐inflammatory effects in macrophages and IEC, and regulate gene expression during intestinal infection. These compounds and related organic molecules may thus hold potential as functional food components to improve gut health in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Laura J Myhill
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Audrey I S Andersen-Civil
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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17
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Doan HV, Tapingkae W, Balasundaram C, Arockiaraj J, Ringø E. Changes in immune genes expression, immune response, digestive enzymes -antioxidant status, and growth of catla (Catla catla) fed with Astragalus polysaccharides against edwardsiellosis disease. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:418-436. [PMID: 35051563 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of four level of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs) supplementation diets, (CD: control diet and three experiment diet (E), EA: 100 mg kg-1 APs; EB: 200 mg kg-1 APs; EC: 300 mg kg-1 APs) on growth, changes in haemato-biochemical parameters and metabolic-digestive enzymes, enhancement of antioxidant activity, innate-adaptive immune response, and cytokine gene expression were studied in catla (Catla catla) against Edwardsiella tarda. The healthy and challenged groups fed the CD displayed no mortality, while fish fed EA or EC revealed 10% mortality, but the mortality was only 5% in diet EB. Fish fed diet EB and EC revealed significantly better growth rates and high RBC count during the experimental period. Albumin and globulin levels were significant improved when fish were fed the diet EB and EC from weeks 6-8. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significant ameliorated by EB feeding from weeks 4-8. In contrast, serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA)/lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), respiratory burst activity (RBA), bactericidal action (BCA), serum lysozyme activity (SLA), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), head kidney leukocytes response proliferation (HKLP), hemolytic action (HLA), hydrogen peroxides (H2O2), and immunoglobulin (Ig) were significantly improved from week 6-8. Groups fed the APs enriched diets had significant ameliorated interleukin (IL)-1β and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression after 6 and 8 weeks of feeding. However, IL-10 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-1 mRNA expressions were significant enhanced in catla fed all APs diets on week 8. APs enriched diets revealed significant improved tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and TNF receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF6) mRNA expression on week 4, but toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) and TLR4 mRNA expression were significant enhanced by diet EB and EC after weeks 6 and 8. Similarly, the lysozyme (Lyz)-C and Lyz-G mRNA levels in the head kidney (HK) increased by APs feeding on weeks 6 and 8, whereas the EB diet, the expression of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1) was significantly improved on weeks 6 and 8, but NOD2 mRNA expression was only significant enhanced after 8 weeks of diet EB. By feeding healthy catla and E. tarda challenged fish fed diet EB, resulted in significantly increased growth, haemato-biochemical indices, metabolic-digestive enzymes, antioxidant activities, innate-adaptive immune responses, and cytokine gene expression mainly between 6 and 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innoviative Agriculture Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Foundation for Aquaculture Innovations and Technology Transfer (FAITT), Thoraipakkam, 600 097, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
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18
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Li M, Wen J, Huang X, Nie Q, Wu X, Ma W, Nie S, Xie M. Interaction between polysaccharides and toll-like receptor 4: Primary structural role, immune balance perspective, and 3D interaction model hypothesis. Food Chem 2021; 374:131586. [PMID: 34839969 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various structural types of polysaccharides are recognized by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, the mechanism of interaction between the polysaccharides with different structures and TLR4 is unclarified. This review summarized the primary structure of polysaccharides related to TLR4, mainly including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds, functional groups, and branched-chain structure. The optimal primary structure for interacting with TLR4 was obtained by the statistical analysis. Besides, the dual-directional regulation of TLR4 signaling cascade by polysaccharides was also elucidated from an immune balance perspective. Finally, the 3D interaction model of polysaccharides to TLR4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex was hypothesized according to the LPS-TLR4-MD2 dimerization model and the polysaccharides solution conformation. The essence of polysaccharides binding to TLR4-MD2 complex is a multivalent non-covalent bond interaction. All the arguments summarized in this review are intended to provide some new insights into the interaction between polysaccharides and TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jiajia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xincheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wanning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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19
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Tao W, Fu T, He ZJ, Zhou HP, Hong Y. Immunomodulatory effects of Radix isatidis polysaccharides in vitro and in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1405. [PMID: 34675998 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix isatidis (R. isatidis) is a commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has been used for thousands of years in China and is believed to have the pharmacological properties of heat-clearing and detoxification. Heat-clearing and detoxification are theories of traditional Chinese medicine meaning that R. isatidis could treat febrile disease by clearing heat and reducing swelling. Polysaccharides isolated from R. isatidis by water extraction and alcohol precipitation have exhibited numerous biological activities, including antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. The present study was performed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of water-soluble R. isatidis polysaccharides (RIPs) on RAW264.7 macrophages and murine splenocytes, and attempt to preliminarily identify the mechanism of immunomodulation. In vitro, RIPs had a low cytotoxicity, as shown by CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay. RAW264.7 cells treated with different concentrations of RIP displayed different morphological changes, from a round shape and aggregation to polygonal shape and dispersion in a dose-dependent manner. In the 5 mg/ml RIP-treated group, the changes of morphology were as same as the lipopolysaccharide-treated group. RIP also significantly enhanced the release of nitric oxide as shown by Griess method, and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells was confirmed by ELISA assay. Western blotting revealed a significant increase of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) in RIP-treated RAW264.7, suggesting that TLR-4 may be associated with the immunomodulatory mechanism of RIP. Animal experiments also demonstrated through ELISA assays a significant increase in IFN-γ and IL-10 levels after the splenocytes of RIP-immunized mice were stimulated by inactivated herpes simplex virus type 2. The immune function of RIP-immunized mice was improved. The present study suggested that RIP could be potentially used as a novel immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tao
- School of Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Ting Fu
- School of Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Jing He
- School of Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Han-Peng Zhou
- School of Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
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20
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Yin Z, Liang Z, Li C, Wang J, Ma C, Kang W. Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from edible fungus: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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21
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P. Classification, structure and mechanism of antiviral polysaccharides derived from edible and medicinal fungus. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1753-1773. [PMID: 34048833 PMCID: PMC8144117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The deficiency of chemical-synthesized antiviral drugs when applied in clinical therapy, such as drug resistance, and the lack of effective antiviral drugs to treat some newly emerging virus infections, such as COVID-19, promote the demand of novelty and safety anti-virus drug candidate from natural functional ingredient. Numerous studies have shown that some polysaccharides sourcing from edible and medicinal fungus (EMFs) exert direct or indirect anti-viral capacities. However, the internal connection of fungus type, polysaccharides structural characteristics, action mechanism was still unclear. Herein, our review focus on the two aspects, on the one hand, we discussed the type of anti-viral EMFs and the structural characteristics of polysaccharides to clarify the structure-activity relationship, on the other hand, the directly or indirectly antiviral mechanism of EMFs polysaccharides, including virus function suppression, immune-modulatory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of population balance of gut microbiota have been concluded to provide a comprehensive theory basis for better clinical utilization of EMFs polysaccharides as anti-viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Product Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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22
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Chang Y, Guo A, Jing Y, Lin J, Sun Y, Kong L, Zheng H, Deng Y. Immunomodulatory activity of puerarin in RAW264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:223-229. [PMID: 33583301 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1885043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Puerarin, a natural isoflavone extracted from Radix puerariae, is famous for treating various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, little is known about its direct immunomodulatory activity. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of Radix puerariae by using the murine monocyte-macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and immunosuppressed cyclophosphamide-induced mice. METHODS MTT and neutral red phagocytosis assays were conducted to evaluate the in vitro immunomodulatory activities of puerarin on cell viability and phagocytosis by measuring the proliferation, phagocytic, nitric oxide (NO) ability, and TNF-α production ability of stimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Immunosuppressed cyclophosphamide-induced mice were used to evaluate the in vivo immunomodulatory activities of puerarin by measuring IL-4 and IFN-γ, the serum half hemolysis value, spleen and thymus index, and proliferation assay for splenic lymphocytes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results showed that puerarin improves immunomodulatory activity by increasing cell proliferation, cell phagocytosis, and NO secretion in RAW264.7 macrophages and reduces the abnormal immunologic activity by decreasing cell phagocytosis and NO secretion in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, puerarin enhanced the immunologic activity of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mice by increasing the secretion of NO, IFN-γ, and IL-4, the serum half hemolysis value (HC50), the spleen and thymus index, and proliferation for splenic lymphocytes. CONCLUSION Puerarin exhibited an upregulated immunomodulatory effect on RAW264.7 macrophages and immunosuppression mice. In addition, puerarin had a downregulated immunomodulatory effect on RAW264.7 macrophages. The results suggest that puerarin could be a promising immunomodulator to assist in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexing Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, P. R. China
| | - Ailing Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, P. R. China
| | - Haohang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, P. R. China
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, P. R. China
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23
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Eo HJ, Park GH, Jeong JB. In vitro macrophage activation by Sageretia thea fruits through TLR2/TLR4-dependent activation of MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signalling in RAW264.7 cells. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1857339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Eo
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hun Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
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24
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Xu Z, Lin R, Hou X, Wu J, Zhao W, Ma H, Fan Z, Li S, Zhu Y, Zhang D. Immunomodulatory mechanism of a purified polysaccharide isolated from Isaria cicadae Miquel on RAW264.7 cells via activating TLR4-MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4329-4338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Ganoderma leucocontextum fruiting bodies. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Liu X, Ren Z, Yu R, Chen S, Zhang J, Xu Y, Meng Z, Luo Y, Zhang W, Huang Y, Qin T. Structural characterization of enzymatic modification of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide and its immune-enhancement activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1396-1408. [PMID: 33166554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the enzyme degradation of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide (HEP) was successfully modified with endo-rhamnosidase to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysis of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide product (EHEP). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic particle microscopy (AFM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and particle size distribution were used to characterize polysaccharides. In vitro, EHEP significantly enhanced the phagocytosis, NO, CD40 and CD86 by macrophage than HEP. In vivo, female Balb/c mice were injected respectively with EHEP and HEP after administrated with cyclophosphamide, once a day for 7 days. On days 11, the morphology and structure of jejunal sections, immunofluorescence of spleen and peritoneal macrophages were determined. These results indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis product could enhance the activation of peritoneal macrophages, and enhance the immunomodulation function of HEP. This study demonstrated that enzymatic modification was an effective method to improve the activities of HEP, and could be developed as a potential technology for use in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Shixiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yongde Xu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Tao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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27
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Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from Eurotium cristatum. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:609-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Wang J, Fang X, Wu T, Fang L, Liu C, Min W. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of acidic exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus planetarium JLAU103 on RAW264.7 macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1308-1315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Zhang S, Li Z, Wang X, An L, Bao J, Zhang J, Cui J, Li Y, Jin DQ, Tuerhong M, Abudukeremu M, Ohizumi Y, Xu J, Guo Y. Isolation, structural elucidation, and immunoregulation properties of an arabinofuranan from the rinds of Garcinia mangostana. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116567. [PMID: 32747240 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In our search for bioactive polysaccharides as immunomodulatory agents, an arabinofuranan (GMP90-1) was purified and characterized from the rinds of Garcinia mangostana L. GMP90-1 (absolute molecular weight: 5.30 × 103 g/mol) was found to be composed of arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose. The backbone of GMP90-1 was determined as (1→5)-linked α-l-Araf, (1→2,3,5)-linked α-l-Araf, (1→3,5)-linked α-l-Araf, (1→6)-linked β-d-Galp, and (1→2)-linked α-l-Rhap. Conformational analysis revealed GMP90-1 to exist as a rigid rod structure in sodium chloride solution. To explore its potential as immunomodulatory agents, an in vitro cell screening was performed and GMP90-1 was found to significantly enhance the phagocytic uptake of neutral red and improve the secreted level of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of macrophages. Furthermore, the cellular immunomodulatory activities were confirmed by the in vivo zebrafish experiment, which suggested that GMP90-1 with immunomodulatory effects could be considered as a potential immunomodulatory for immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Cui
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Qing Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhetaer Tuerhong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Munira Abudukeremu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai 989-3201, Japan
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Feng JC, Cai ZL, Zhang XP, Chen YY, Chang XL, Wang XF, Qin CB, Yan X, Ma X, Zhang JX, Nie GX. The Effects of Oral Rehmannia glutinosa Polysaccharide Administration on Immune Responses, Antioxidant Activity and Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in the Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Front Immunol 2020; 11:904. [PMID: 32457762 PMCID: PMC7225328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the oral administration of Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP-1) on the immunoregulatory properties, antioxidant activity, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Cyprinus carpio L. were investigated. The purified RGP-1 (250, 500, and 1,000 μg/mL) was co-cultured with the head kidney cells of the common carp. The proliferation and phagocytosis activities of the head kidney cells, and the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines in the culture medium were determined. Next, 300 common carps (47.66 ± 0.43 g) were randomly divided into five groups; the two control groups (negative and positive) were administered sterile PBS and the three treatment groups were administered different concentrations of RGP-1 (250, 500, and 1,000 μg/mL) for seven days. Subsequently, the positive and treatment groups were infected with A. hydrophila, and the negative group was administered sterile PBS for 24 h. The concentration of NO, cytokines, lysozyme (LZM), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), and the total activities of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the hepatopancreas of the common carp were tested. We observed that RGP-1 could significantly enhance the proliferation and phagocytosis activities (P < 0.05), besides inducing the production of NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) (P < 0.05) in vitro. The in vivo experimental results revealed that RGP-1 significantly enhanced NO production, protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12), LZM and AKP activities, and the antioxidant content (T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, and MDA) compared to that observed in the negative group prior to A. hydrophila infection (P < 0.05). NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines, LZM and AKP activities were significantly lower than that in the positive group after infection (P < 0.05). However, whether infected or not, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) increased significantly in the RGP-1-treated groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, the results suggested that RGP-1 could enhance the non-specific immunity, antioxidant activity and anti-A. hydrophila activity of the common carp, and could be used as a safe and effective feed additive in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chang Feng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Cai
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuan-Pu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Yan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xu-Lu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xian-Feng Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chao-Bin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guo-Xing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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31
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Wu M, Feng H, Song J, Chen L, Xu Z, Xia W, Zhang W. Structural elucidation and immunomodulatory activity of a neutral polysaccharide from the Kushui Rose (Rosa setate x Rosa rugosa) waste. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 232:115804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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The anti-tumor activity of exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas strains against HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1072-1076. [PMID: 32004609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The anti-tumor activity of extracted exopolysaccharides (EPSs) (without any side effects) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line has not been previously investigated. The extraction and partial characterization of EPS from the strains of P. aeruginosa including A (CIP A22(PTCC1310)), and B (a clinical strain) were performed. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assays as well as microscopy were used to estimate the cell viability and morphological changes in HT-29 cells subjected to EPS at 0, 7.6, 15.8, 31.2, 62.5 and 125 μg/ml. The apoptotic effects of EPS were also examined by flow cytometry. The EPSs were found to be cytotoxic against HT-29 cells with IC50 values at 44.8 (EPS-A) and 12.7 (EPS-B) μg/ml. The counteraction of 125 μg/ml of EPS-A (87.5 and 56.7%) and EPS-B (86.7 and 59.2%) resulted in the highest repressive rates using the MTT and SRB assays, respectively. Flow cytometric results showed that EPS-A and EPS-B could induce apoptosis (33% and 39%) and necrosis (65% and 59%). The extracted EPSs of both bacterial strains can be used as natural, effective, efficient and anti-cancer drugs. However, more characterization at molecular and structural levels in this respect may be required.
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33
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Yang X, Wu Y, Zhang C, Fu S, Zhang J, Fu C. Extraction, structural characterization, and immunoregulatory effect of a polysaccharide fraction from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Fuzi). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:314-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Designing selenium polysaccharides-based nanoparticles to improve immune activity of Hericium erinaceus. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:393-400. [PMID: 31830456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In previous researches, the results showed that selenium Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide and Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles enhanced immune responses. In order to further enhance the immune adjuvant activity and phagocytosis of the nanoparticles, two way of combination (selenium-HEP loaded PLGA nanoparticles and selenium modified HEP-PLGA nanoparticles) were prepared to investigate the effects on macrophages in vitro. After treatment with the nanoparticles, the effects of phagocytosis, co-stimulatory molecules expression, nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines secretion were evaluated. The results showed that the particle size, PDI and zeta potential of the selenium-HEP loaded PLGA nanoparticles (Se-HEP-PLGA) and selenium modifified HEP-PLGA nanoparticles (HEP-PLGA-Se) were presented. Se-HEP-PLGA and HEP-PLGA-Se nanoparticles significantly stimulated phagocytic activity, CD40 and CD86 expression of macrophages. In addition, the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were enhanced in the peritoneal macrophages by stimulation with Se-HEP-PLGA and HEP-PLGA-Se nanoparticles. Among them, Se-HEP-PLGA showed the best effects on the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, secretions of NO and cytokines. These results indicated that Se-HEP-PLGA could enhance the activation of macrophages, and it could be potentially used as an HEP delivery system for the induction of strong immune responses.
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35
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Zhang M, Zhao M, Qing Y, Luo Y, Xia G, Li Y. Study on immunostimulatory activity and extraction process optimization of polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:677-684. [PMID: 31730975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The process of extracting polysaccharides from the green algae Caulerpa lentillifera was studied by single factor experiments and response surface methodology. Additionally, the immunostimulatory activity of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides (CLP) on RAW264.7 mouse macrophage was evaluated by in vitro cell experiments. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonification for 30 min, extraction time of 9 h, extraction temperature of 100 °C, and a ratio of water to raw material of 40:1. RAW264.7 macrophage exhibited enhanced phagocytosis with no toxic effects after treatment with CLP. In addition, CLP effectively increased the synthesis and secretion of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO), whereby the secretion levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were 1,840.32 ± 21.03 pg/mL (50 μg/mL), 197.17 ± 3.13 ng/mL (50 μg/mL), and 1,178.35 ± 78.82 pg/mL (25 μg/mL), respectively. The polysaccharides contained in Caulerpa lentillifera have potential value for further development due to their immunological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijian Zhang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Meihui Zhao
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yudie Qing
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Guanghua Xia
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Yongcheng Li
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China.
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36
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Gong LL, Meng FJ, Hou YC, Liu Y, Xu JJ, Zhang WN, Chen Y. Purification, characterization, and bioactivity of two new polysaccharide fractions from Thelephora ganbajun mushroom. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13092. [PMID: 31721263 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new polysaccharide fractions (TZP1-1 and TZP2-1) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Thelephora ganbajun using DEAE-52 cellulose and Superdex 200 columns chromatography. The physiochemical characterization and biological activities of TZP1-1 and TZP2-1 were investigated. The relative molecular weight of TZP1-1 and TZP2-1 were 2.07 × 106 and 4,886 Da, respectively. TZP1-1 included mannose, rhamnose, galactose, and xylose (4:1:83.9:7.5), while TZP2-1 included mannose, glucose, galactose, and xylose (5.4:1:79.0:8.1). The Congo red experiment results confirmed that TZP2-1 had triple helix conformation. Furthermore, both TZP1-1 and TZP2-1 showed a certain cytotoxicity on HeLa and SH-SY5Y cells, while they exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on HeLa than SH-SY5Y. Besides, the cytotoxicity of TZP1-1 was better than that of TZP2-1. Moreover, both of them exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. These findings could promote the application of polysaccharides from T. ganbajun. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Thelephora ganbajun is an edible fungus widely distributed in Southwestern China. T. ganbajun polysaccharides as important active ingredients have not been reported. In this current study, two polysaccharides fractions (TZP1-1 and TZP2-1) were characterized, and their cytotoxicities and antidiabetic effect were also assayed. These findings could promote polysaccharides from T. ganbajun to be better application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan-Ju Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Chen Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Jia Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Na Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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37
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Yang D, Lin F, Huang Y, Ye J, Xiao M. Separation, purification, structural analysis and immune-enhancing activity of sulfated polysaccharide isolated from sea cucumber viscera. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 155:1003-1018. [PMID: 31712137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel sulfated polysaccharide (SCVP-1) was isolated from sea cucumber viscera and purified to elucidate its structure and immune-enhancing ability. SCVP-1 was found to be a homogeneous polysaccharide with a relative molecular weight of 180.8 kDa and composed of total sugars (60.2 ± 2.6%), uronic acid (15.3 ± 1.8%), proteins (6.8 ± 0.8%), and sulfate groups (18.1 ± 0.9%). SCVP-1 consisted of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid, N-acetyl-galactosamine, glucose, galactose and fucose at an approximate molar ratio of 1.00:1.41:0.88:2.14:1.90:1.12:1.24. The fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses showed that SCVP-1 was a kind of glycosaminoglycan. And the sulfation patterns of the fucose branches were Fuc2,4S, Fuc3,4S and Fuc0S. The surface morphology of SCVP-1 presented loose and irregular sheet structure formed by aggregation of polysaccharide molecules with spherical structure. Moreover, SCVP-1 promoted the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) by RAW264.7 cells as well as the expression of related genes (iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and also enhanced their phagocytic activity through TLR4-mediated activation of the MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. This study suggests that sea cucumber viscera are good sources of polysaccharides and SCVP-1 might be a novel immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongda Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao university of China, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fudi Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao university of China, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yayan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao university of China, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao university of China, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.
| | - Meitian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao university of China, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.
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Chen X, Fang D, Zhao R, Gao J, Kimatu BM, Hu Q, Chen G, Zhao L. Effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction on antioxidant activity and bidirectional immunomodulatory activity of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:505-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Feng J, Chang X, Zhang Y, Lu R, Meng X, Song D, Yan X, Zhang J, Nie G. Characterization of a polysaccharide HP-02 from Honeysuckle flowers and its immunoregulatory and anti-Aeromonas hydrophila effects in Cyprinus carpio L. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:477-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bac VH, Paulsen BS, Truong LV, Koschella A, Trinh TC, Wold CW, Yogarajah S, Heinze T. Neutral Polysaccharide from the Leaves of Pseuderanthemum carruthersii: Presence of 3- O-Methyl Galactose and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071219. [PMID: 31336597 PMCID: PMC6680566 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin is a native tree in Vietnam. The water extract of the leaves from this tree gives a highly viscous product that has been used to heal wounds and treat inflammations. Our previous studies showed that the leaves of P. carruthersii have a high content of polysaccharides. In this study, the structure and influence of the neutral polysaccharide from Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (PCA1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were investigated. The PCA1 isolated from P. carruthersii is a galactan-type polysaccharide, containing galactose (77.0%), 3-O-methyl galactose (20.0%), and arabinose (3.0%). Linkage analysis of PCA1 showed that both the 3-O-methyl galactose and galactose were 1,4-linked. The presence of 3-O-methyl galactose units as part of the polysaccharide is important and can be used as a chemotaxonomic marker. The molecular weight of the PCA1 was 170 kDa. A PCA1 concentration of 30–40 μg/mL strongly inhibited TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 inflammatory cytokine production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. PCA1 had inhibitory activities on pro-inflammatory cytokine and ROS release in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages in vitro through MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Hoai Bac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Berit Smestad Paulsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Le Van Truong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Andreas Koschella
- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Humboldtstrasse, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tat Cuong Trinh
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Protein Technology, Hanoi University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Christian Winther Wold
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Suthajini Yogarajah
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Humboldtstrasse, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Ghosh S, Khatua S, Acharya K. Crude polysaccharide from a wild mushroom enhances immune response in murine macrophage cells by TLR/NF-κB pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 71:1311-1323. [PMID: 31134626 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Mushroom crude polysaccharides offer a complete package of various medicinal activities. In this context, the present study aimed to unveil structural and biomedical properties of crude polysaccharide (MLHWP) obtained from an edible wild mushroom Macrocybe lobayensis (R. Heim) Pegler & Lodge.
Method
Chemical characterization was accomplished with the help of spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, HPTLC and GC-MS. Immunomodulatory activity of the crude polysaccharide and its signalling mechanism was assessed using RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was analysed based on radical scavenging, metal ion chelating and reducing effect.
Key findings
Compositional study revealed that MLHWP possessed triple helical structure and its backbone consisted of β-linked glucan along with xylose, rhamnose, mannose and galactose. Investigation on bioactive potency revealed that MLHWP augmented macrophage activity in terms of viability, phagocytosis, NO and ROS generation. Gene expression studies indicated that MLHWP signalled through TLR and modulated expression of immunomodulation-related genes including NF-κB, COX-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, iNOS and Iκ-βα. Besides, MLHWP displayed noticeable antioxidant potential as reflected in all investigating assays.
Conclusions
Overall, the results portrayed possibility of MLHWP as pharmaceutical agent with multidimensional application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipta Ghosh
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Somanjana Khatua
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Cheng XD, Wu QX, Zhao J, Su T, Lu YM, Zhang WN, Wang Y, Chen Y. Immunomodulatory effect of a polysaccharide fraction on RAW 264.7 macrophages extracted from the wild Lactarius deliciosus. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:732-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang DD, Pan WJ, Mehmood S, Cheng XD, Chen Y. Polysaccharide isolated from Sarcodon aspratus induces RAW264.7 activity via TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1039-1047. [PMID: 30171950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous report showed that the novel polysaccharide SAP isolated from the fruiting bodies of Sarcodon aspratus induced Hela cells apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study we found that SAP enhanced immunostimulatory activities of RAW264.7 cells, which was characterized by increased the production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines and phagocytic. However, SAP-induced macrophage activation was abolished when Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling was blocked by anti-TLR4 antibodies. Moreover, according to the Western blot analysis and use of specific inhibitors against the MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), we speculated that SAP activated RAW264.7 cells through TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB and MAPKs pathways. Thus, Sarcodon aspratus is a potential immunomodulator that can be used as healthcare food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wen-Juan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | | | - Xiao-Du Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, China.
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Liu L, Dai W, Xiang C, Chi J, Zhang M. 1,10-Secoguaianolides from Artemisia austro-yunnanensis and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Molecules 2018; 23:E1639. [PMID: 29976846 PMCID: PMC6099792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven 1,10-secoguaianolides 1⁻7, including a new one (compound 1), were isolated from Artemisia austro-yunnanensis and identified by HRESIMS and other spectroscopic methods. Their anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by the model of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Bioassay results showed that six of them (1⁻4, 6 and 7), with the exception of 5, produce some cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 cells at its high dosage, can significantly decrease the release of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2 in a dose dependent manner, and down-regulate the expression of proteins iNOS and COX-2. The mechanism study indicated they regulated the NF-κB dependent transcriptional activity through decreasing the phosphorylation of NF-κB. Further, the relationship between their structures and cytokines to anti-inflammatory were studied by PCA and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Weifeng Dai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jun Chi
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Mi Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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