1
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Sun Y, Liang J, Zhang Z, Sun D, Li H, Chen L. Extraction, physicochemical properties, bioactivities and application of natural sweeteners: A review. Food Chem 2024; 457:140103. [PMID: 38905824 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Natural sweeteners generally refer to a sweet chemical component directly extracted from nature or obtained through appropriate modifications, mainly secondary metabolites of plants. Compared to the first-generation sweeteners represented by sucrose and the second-generation sweeteners represented by sodium cyclamate, natural sweeteners usually have high sweetness, low-calorie content, good solubility, high stability, and rarely toxic side effects. Historically, researchers mainly focus on the function of natural sweeteners as substitutes for sugars in the food industry. This paper reviews the bioactivities of several typical natural sweeteners, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-hyperglycemic activities. In addition, we have summarized the extraction, physicochemical properties, and application of natural sweeteners. The article aimed to comprehensively collate vital information about natural sweeteners and review the potentiality of tapping bioactive compounds from natural products. Hopefully, this review provides insights into the further development of natural sweeteners as therapeutic agents and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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2
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Yoo S, Jung SC, Kwak K, Kim JS. The Role of Prebiotics in Modulating Gut Microbiota: Implications for Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4834. [PMID: 38732060 PMCID: PMC11084426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota, an intricate ecosystem within the gastrointestinal tract, plays a pivotal role in health and disease. Prebiotics, non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of beneficial microorganisms, have emerged as a key modulator of this complex microbial community. This review article explores the evolution of the prebiotic concept, delineates various types of prebiotics, including fructans, galactooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, chitooligosaccharides, lactulose, resistant starch, and polyphenols, and elucidates their impact on the gut microbiota composition. We delve into the mechanisms through which prebiotics exert their effects, particularly focusing on producing short-chain fatty acids and modulating the gut microbiota towards a health-promoting composition. The implications of prebiotics on human health are extensively reviewed, focusing on conditions such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, immune function, and mental health. The review further discusses the emerging concept of synbiotics-combinations of prebiotics and probiotics that synergistically enhance gut health-and highlights the market potential of prebiotics in response to a growing demand for functional foods. By consolidating current knowledge and identifying areas for future research, this review aims to enhance understanding of prebiotics' role in health and disease, underscoring their importance in maintaining a healthy gut microbiome and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Yoo
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Chae Jung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kihyuck Kwak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seob Kim
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Institute for New Drug Development, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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3
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Yan X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Cui J, Mayo KH, Zhou Y, Cui L. Preparation of β-galacto-oligosaccharides using a novel endo-1,4-β-galactanase from Penicillium oxalicum. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127966. [PMID: 37944726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Endo-1,4-β-galactanase is an indispensable tool for preparing prebiotic β-galacto-oligosaccharides (β-GOS) from pectic galactan resources. In the present study, a novel endo-1,4-β-galactanase (PoβGal53) belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 53 from Penicillium oxalicum sp. 68 was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. Upon purification by affinity chromatography, recombinant PoβGal53 exhibited a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of 45.0 kDa. Using potato galactan as substrate, PoβGal53 showed optimal reaction conditions of pH 4.0, 40 °C, and was thermostable, retaining >80 % activity after incubating below 45 °C for 12 h. Significantly, PoβGal53 exhibited relatively conserved substrate specificity for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactan with an activity of 6244 ± 282 U/mg. In this regard, the enzyme is in effect the most efficient endo-1,4-β-galactanase identified to date. By using PoβGal53, β-GOS monomers were prepared from potato galactan and separated using medium pressure liquid chromatography. HPAEC-PAD, MALDI-TOF-MS and ESI-MS/MS analyses demonstrated that these β-GOS species ranged from 1,4-β-D-galactobiose to 1,4-β-D-galactooctaose (DP 2-8) with high purity. This work provides not only a highly active tool for enzymatic degradation of pectic galactan, but an efficient protocol for preparing β-GOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecui Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry, Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry, Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry, Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry, Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry, Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Institute of innovation science & technology, Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130031, China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry, Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Liangnan Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry, Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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4
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Dagher SF, Vaishnav A, Stanley CB, Meilleur F, Edwards BFP, Bruno-Bárcena JM. Structural analysis and functional evaluation of the disordered ß-hexosyltransferase region from Hamamotoa (Sporobolomyces) singularis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1291245. [PMID: 38162180 PMCID: PMC10755861 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1291245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hamamotoa (Sporobolomyces) singularis codes for an industrially important membrane bound ß-hexosyltransferase (BHT), (BglA, UniprotKB: Q564N5) that has applications in the production of natural fibers such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and natural sugars found in human milk. When heterologously expressed by Komagataella phaffii GS115, BHT is found both membrane bound and soluble secreted into the culture medium. In silico structural predictions and crystal structures support a glycosylated homodimeric enzyme and the presence of an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) with membrane binding potential within its novel N-terminal region (1-110 amino acids). Additional in silico analysis showed that the IDR may not be essential for stable homodimerization. Thus, we performed progressive deletion analyses targeting segments within the suspected disordered region, to determine the N-terminal disorder region's impact on the ratio of membrane-bound to secreted soluble enzyme and its contribution to enzyme activity. The ratio of the soluble secreted to membrane-bound enzyme shifted from 40% to 53% after the disordered N-terminal region was completely removed, while the specific activity was unaffected. Furthermore, functional analysis of each glycosylation site found within the C-terminal domain revealed reduced total secreted protein activity by 58%-97% in both the presence and absence of the IDR, indicating that glycosylation at all four locations is required by the host for the secretion of active enzyme and independent of the removed disordered N-terminal region. Overall, the data provides evidence that the disordered region only partially influences the secretion and membrane localization of BHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne F. Dagher
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Asmita Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Flora Meilleur
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Brian F. P. Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - José M. Bruno-Bárcena
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Diankristanti PA, Effendi SSW, Hsiang CC, Ng IS. High-level itaconic acid (IA) production using engineered Escherichia coli Lemo21(DE3) toward sustainable biorefinery. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 167:110231. [PMID: 37003250 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Itaconic acid (IA) serves as a prominent building block for polyamides as sustainable material. In vivo IA production is facing the competing side reactions, byproducts accumulation, and long cultivation time. Therefore, the utilization of whole-cell biocatalysts to carry out production from citrate is an alternative approach to sidestep the current limitations. In this study, in vitro reaction of IA was obtained 72.44 g/L by using engineered E. coli Lemo21(DE3) harboring the aconitase (Acn, EC 4.2.1.3) and cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CadA, EC 4.1.1.6) which was cultured in glycerol-based minimal medium. IA productivity enhancement was observed after cold-treating the biocatalysts in - 80 °C for 24 h prior to the reaction, reaching 81.6 g/L. On the other hand, a new seeding strategy in Terrific Broth (TB) as a nutritionally rich medium was employed to maintain the biocatalysts stability up to 30 days. Finally, the highest IA titer of 98.17 g/L was attained using L21::7G chassis, that has a pLemo plasmid and integration of GroELS to the chromosome. The high-level of IA production along with the biocatalyst reutilization enables the economic viability toward a sustainable biorefinery.
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Chen T, Wang S, Niu H, Yang G, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhou C, Yu B, Yang P, Sun W, Liu D, Ying H, Chen Y. Biofilm-Based Biocatalysis for Galactooligosaccharides Production by the Surface Display of β-Galactosidase in Pichia pastoris. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076507. [PMID: 37047479 PMCID: PMC10094928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are one of the most important functional oligosaccharide prebiotics. The surface display of enzymes was considered one of the most excellent strategies to obtain these products. However, a rough industrial environment would affect the biocatalytic process. The catalytic process could be efficiently improved using biofilm-based fermentation with high resistance and activity. Therefore, the combination of the surface display of β-galactosidase and biofilm formation in Pichia pastoris was constructed. The results showed that the catalytic conversion rate of GOS was up to 50.3% with the maximum enzyme activity of 5125 U/g by screening the anchorin, and the number of the continuous catalysis batches was up to 23 times. Thus, surface display based on biofilm-immobilized fermentation integrated catalysis and growth was a co-culture system, such that a dynamic equilibrium in the consolidated integrative process was achieved. This study provides the basis for developing biofilm-based surface display methods in P. pastoris during biochemical production processes.
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Kalathinathan P, Sain A, Pulicherla K, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G. A Review on the Various Sources of β-Galactosidase and Its Lactose Hydrolysis Property. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:122. [PMID: 36862237 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that possesses both hydrolytic and transgalactosylation properties and has several benefits and advantages in the food and dairy industries. The catalytic process of β-galactosidase involves the transfer of a sugar residue from a glycosyl donor to an acceptor via a double-displacement mechanism. Hydrolysis prevails when water acts as an acceptor, resulting in the production of lactose-free products. Transgalactosylation prevails when lactose acts as an acceptor, resulting in the production of prebiotic oligosaccharides. β-Galactosidase is also obtained from many sources including bacteria, yeast, fungi, plants, and animals. However, depending on the origin of the β-galactosidase, the monomer composition and their bonds may differ, thereby influencing their properties and prebiotic efficacy. Thus, the increasing demand for prebiotics in the food industry and the search for new oligosaccharides have compelled researchers to search for novel sources of β-galactosidase with diverse properties. In this review, we discuss the properties, catalytic mechanisms, various sources and lactose hydrolysis properties of β-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kalathinathan
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Avtar Sain
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sun C, Hao B, Pang D, Li Q, Li E, Yang Q, Zou Y, Liao S, Liu F. Diverse Galactooligosaccharides Differentially Reduce LPS-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages. Foods 2022; 11:foods11243973. [PMID: 36553716 PMCID: PMC9777761 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of natural and synthetic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on inflammation were explored by investigating the structure-activity relationship between the degree of GOS polymerization and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, together with the potential underlying mechanism of their anti-inflammatory effects. The results demonstrated that GOS had strong anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, including the inhibition of nitric oxide production and the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and proteins related to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. GOS4, which has the highest degree of polymerization, exerted the strongest anti-inflammatory activity among the GOS examined. More importantly, our findings confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of GOS on RAW264.7 macrophages via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Our experimental results could provide further support for the exploration of GOS in human nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Sun
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Bifang Hao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Daorui Pang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Qian Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Erna Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Yuxiao Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-20-87236897
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Souza AFCE, Gabardo S, Coelho RDJS. Galactooligosaccharides: Physiological benefits, production strategies, and industrial application. J Biotechnol 2022; 359:116-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Mei Z, Yuan J, Li D. Biological activity of galacto-oligosaccharides: A review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:993052. [PMID: 36147858 PMCID: PMC9485631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.993052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are oligosaccharides formed by β-galactosidase transgalactosylation. GOS is an indigestible food component that can pass through the upper gastrointestinal tract relatively intact and ferment in the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that further regulate the body’s intestinal flora. GOS and other prebiotics are increasingly recognized as useful food tools for regulating the balance of colonic microbiota-human health. GOS performed well compared to other oligosaccharides in regulating gut microbiota, body immunity, and food function. This review summarizes the sources, classification, preparation methods, and biological activities of GOS, focusing on the introduction and summary of the effects of GOS on ulcerative colitis (UC), to gain a comprehensive understanding of the application of GOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Mei
- Department of Pediatrics, Luzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Luzhou Second People’s Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiaqin Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Dandan Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Li,
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Iqbal MW, Riaz T, Mahmood S, Liaqat H, Mushtaq A, Khan S, Amin S, Qi X. Recent Advances in the Production, Analysis, and Application of Galacto-Oligosaccharides. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2097255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahreem Riaz
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Humna Liaqat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Anam Mushtaq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sonia Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Amin
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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12
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Liao X, Li Y, Li Y, Xiong W, Pi X. Optimization of the production conditions of tri-GOS and lactosucrose from lactose and sucrose with recombinant β-galactosidase. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:401-411. [PMID: 35792938 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2095575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Few studies expressed the β-galactosidase encoding gene from L. plantarum in E. coli so far. In the present study, the recombinant β-galactosidase from L. plantarum FMNP01 was used as a catalyst in transgalactosylation to form tri-GOS and lactosucrose. In the presence of lactose and sucrose, six transfer products were formed in the transgalactosylation reaction with recombinant β-galactosidase L.pFMNP01Gal as a catalyst. Three transfer products were tri-galacto-oligosaccharides (tri-GOS), lactosucrose, and lactulose; the other three transfer products needed to be identified further. Based on a single factor test and response surface methodological approach, the optimal transgalactosylation conditions of the production of tri-GOS and lactosucrose were determined as initial sugar concentration of 50%, lactose: sucrose ratio of 1:2, enzyme concentration of 3 U/mL, and reaction time of 6 h at 50 °C resulting in a maximum tri-GOS concentration of 47.69 ± 1.36 g/L and a maximum lactosucrose concentration of 8.18 ± 0.97 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Liao
- School of Lingnan Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- School of Lingnan Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yeqing Li
- School of Lingnan Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wenming Xiong
- School of Lingnan Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xiaodi Pi
- School of Lingnan Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College, Jiangmen, China
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13
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Liu N, Wang H, Yang Z, Zhao K, Li S, He N. The role of functional oligosaccharides as prebiotics in ulcerative colitis. Food Funct 2022; 13:6875-6893. [PMID: 35703137 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00546h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence rate of ulcerative colitis (UC) has increased significantly over the past decades and it places an increasing burden on health and social systems. The current studies on UC implicate a strong correlation between host gut microbiota immunity and the pathogenesis of UC. Meanwhile, more and more functional oligosaccharides have been reported as prebiotics to alleviate UC, since many of them can be metabolized by gut microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present review is focused on the structure, sources and specific applications of various functional oligosaccharides related to the prevention and treatment of UC. The available evidence for the usage of functional oligosaccharides in UC treatment are summarized, including fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), chito-oligosaccharides (COS), alginate-oligosaccharides (AOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), stachyose and inulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Haoyu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zizhen Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Kunyi Zhao
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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14
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Molecular dynamics simulation guided distal mutation of Thermotoga naphthophila β-glucosidase for significantly enhanced synthesis of galactooligosaccharides and expanded product scope. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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de Albuquerque TL, de Sousa M, Gomes E Silva NC, Girão Neto CAC, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rocha MVP. β-Galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis: Characterization, production, immobilization and applications - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:881-898. [PMID: 34571129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A review on the enzyme β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis is presented, from the perspective of its structure and mechanisms of action, the main catalyzed reactions, the key factors influencing its activity, and selectivity, as well as the main techniques used for improving the biocatalyst functionality. Particular attention was given to the discussion of hydrolysis, transglycosylation, and galactosylation reactions, which are commonly mediated by this enzyme. In addition, the products generated from these processes were highlighted. Finally, biocatalyst improvement techniques are also discussed, such as enzyme immobilization and protein engineering. On these topics, the most recent immobilization strategies are presented, emphasizing processes that not only allow the recovery of the biocatalyst but also deliver enzymes that show better resistance to high temperatures, chemicals, and inhibitors. In addition, genetic engineering techniques to improve the catalytic properties of the β-galactosidases were reported. This review gathers information to allow the development of biocatalysts based on the β-galactosidase enzyme from K. lactis, aiming to improve existing bioprocesses or develop new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lima de Albuquerque
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marylane de Sousa
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natan Câmara Gomes E Silva
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Chaves Girão Neto
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica - CSIC, Campus of excellence UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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16
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Toutounchi NS, Braber S, Hogenkamp A, Varasteh S, Cai Y, Wehkamp T, Tims S, Leusink-Muis T, van Ark I, Wiertsema S, Stahl B, Kraneveld AD, Garssen J, Folkerts G, van’t Land B. Human Milk Oligosaccharide 3'-GL Improves Influenza-Specific Vaccination Responsiveness and Immunity after Deoxynivalenol Exposure in Preclinical Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:3190. [PMID: 34579070 PMCID: PMC8466816 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a highly prevalent mycotoxin food contaminant, is known to have immunotoxic effects. In the current study, the potential of dietary interventions with specific mixtures of trans-galactosyl-oligosaccharides (TOS) to alleviate these effects were assessed in a murine influenza vaccination model. Vaccine-specific immune responses were measured in C57Bl/6JOlaHsd mice fed diets containing DON, TOS or a combination, starting 2 weeks before the first vaccination. The direct effects of TOS and its main oligosaccharide, 3'-galactosyl-lactose (3'-GL), on DON-induced damage were studied in Caco-2 cells, as an in vitro model of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Exposure to DON significantly reduced vaccine-specific immune responses and the percentages of Tbet+ Th1 cells and B cells in the spleen. DON significantly altered epithelial structure and integrity in the ileum and reduced the SCFA levels in the cecum. Adding TOS into DON-containing diets significantly improved vaccine-specific immune responses, restored the immune cell balance in the spleen and increased SCFA concentrations in the cecum. Incubating Caco-2 cells with TOS and 3'-GL in vitro further confirmed their protective effects against DON-induced barrier disruption, supporting immune modulation. Overall, dietary intervention with TOS can attenuate the adverse effects of DON on Th1-mediated immune responses and gut homeostasis. These beneficial properties might be linked to the high levels of 3'-GL in TOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negisa Seyed Toutounchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.S.T.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (Y.C.); (T.L.-M.); (I.v.A.); (B.S.); (A.D.K.); (J.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.S.T.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (Y.C.); (T.L.-M.); (I.v.A.); (B.S.); (A.D.K.); (J.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Astrid Hogenkamp
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.S.T.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (Y.C.); (T.L.-M.); (I.v.A.); (B.S.); (A.D.K.); (J.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Soheil Varasteh
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.S.T.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (Y.C.); (T.L.-M.); (I.v.A.); (B.S.); (A.D.K.); (J.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Yang Cai
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.S.T.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (Y.C.); (T.L.-M.); (I.v.A.); (B.S.); (A.D.K.); (J.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Tjalling Wehkamp
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.W.); (S.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Sebastian Tims
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.W.); (S.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Thea Leusink-Muis
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.S.T.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (Y.C.); (T.L.-M.); (I.v.A.); (B.S.); (A.D.K.); (J.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Ingrid van Ark
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.S.T.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (Y.C.); (T.L.-M.); (I.v.A.); (B.S.); (A.D.K.); (J.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Selma Wiertsema
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.W.); (S.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.S.T.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (Y.C.); (T.L.-M.); (I.v.A.); (B.S.); (A.D.K.); (J.G.); (G.F.)
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.W.); (S.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Aletta D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.S.T.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (Y.C.); (T.L.-M.); (I.v.A.); (B.S.); (A.D.K.); (J.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.S.T.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (Y.C.); (T.L.-M.); (I.v.A.); (B.S.); (A.D.K.); (J.G.); (G.F.)
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.W.); (S.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.S.T.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (Y.C.); (T.L.-M.); (I.v.A.); (B.S.); (A.D.K.); (J.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Belinda van’t Land
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.W.); (S.T.); (S.W.)
- Center of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Fei Y, Chen Z, Han S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Lu Y, Berglund B, Xiao H, Li L, Yao M. Role of prebiotics in enhancing the function of next-generation probiotics in gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1037-1054. [PMID: 34323634 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1958744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of high-throughput DNA sequencing and molecular analysis technologies, next-generation probiotics (NGPs) are increasingly gaining attention as live bacterial therapeutics for treatment of diseases. However, compared to traditional probiotics, NGPs are much more vulnerable to the harsh conditions in the human gastrointestinal tract, and their functional mechanisms in the gut are more complex. Prebiotics have been confirmed to play a critical role in improving the function and viability of traditional probiotics. Defined as substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit, prebiotics are also important for NGPs. This review summarizes potential prebiotics for use with NGPs and clarifies their characteristics and functional mechanisms. Then we particularly focus on illustrating the protective effects of various prebiotics by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and their resistance to digestive fluids. We also elucidate the role of prebiotics in regulating anti-bacterial effects, intestinal barrier maintenance, and cross-feeding mechanisms of NPGs. With the expanding range of candidate NGPs and prebiotic substrates, more studies need to be conducted to comprehensively elucidate the interactions between prebiotics and NGPs outside and inside hosts, in order to boost their nutritional and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuobing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianfang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Björn Berglund
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingfei Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Wang G, Wang H, Chen Y, Pei X, Sun W, Liu L, Wang F, Umar Yaqoob M, Tao W, Xiao Z, Jin Y, Yang ST, Lin D, Wang M. Optimization and comparison of the production of galactooligosaccharides using free or immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase, followed by purification using silica gel. Food Chem 2021; 362:130195. [PMID: 34082294 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to optimize and compare the production of galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) by free and cotton cloth-immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase, and perform economical evaluation of production of GOSs (100%) between them. Using the response surface method, the optimal reaction time (3.9 h), initial lactose concentration (57.13%), and enzyme to lactose ratio (44.81 U/g) were obtained for the free enzyme, which provided a GOSs yield of 32.62%. For the immobilized enzyme, the optimal yield of GOSs (32.48%) was obtained under reaction time (3.09 h), initial lactose concentration (52.74%), and temperature (50.0 ℃). And it showed desirable reusability during five successive enzymatic reactions. The recovery rate of GOSs (100%) is 65% using silica gel filtration chromatography. The economical evaluation showed almost no difference in the manufacturing cost for the GOSs (100%) between these two systems, and that the recovery rate had a great impact on the cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Xun Pei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Wanjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Muhammad Umar Yaqoob
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhiping Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuyue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dongqiang Lin
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Minqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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19
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β-Galactosidase-Producing Isolates in Mucoromycota: Screening, Enzyme Production, and Applications for Functional Oligosaccharide Synthesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030229. [PMID: 33808917 PMCID: PMC8003776 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Galactosidases of Mucoromycota are rarely studied, although this group of filamentous fungi is an excellent source of many industrial enzymes. In this study, 99 isolates from the genera Lichtheimia, Mortierella, Mucor, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus and Umbelopsis, were screened for their β-galactosidase activity using a chromogenic agar approach. Ten isolates from the best producers were selected, and the activity was further investigated in submerged (SmF) and solid-state (SSF) fermentation systems containing lactose and/or wheat bran substrates as enzyme production inducers. Wheat bran proved to be efficient for the enzyme production under both SmF and SSF conditions, giving maximum specific activity yields from 32 to 12,064 U/mg protein and from 783 to 22,720 U/mg protein, respectively. Oligosaccharide synthesis tests revealed the suitability of crude β-galactosidases from Lichtheimia ramosa Szeged Microbiological Collection (SZMC) 11360 and Rhizomucor pusillus SZMC 11025 to catalyze transgalactosylation reactions. In addition, the crude enzyme extracts had transfructosylation activity, resulting in the formation of fructo-oligosaccharide molecules in a sucrose-containing environment. The maximal oligosaccharide concentration varied between 0.0158 and 2.236 g/L depending on the crude enzyme and the initial material. Some oligosaccharide-enriched mixtures supported the growth of probiotics, indicating the potential of the studied enzyme extracts in future prebiotic synthesis processes.
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20
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DeCastro ME, Doane MP, Dinsdale EA, Rodríguez-Belmonte E, González-Siso MI. Exploring the taxonomical and functional profile of As Burgas hot spring focusing on thermostable β-galactosidases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:101. [PMID: 33420292 PMCID: PMC7794327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we investigate the microbial community inhabiting As Burgas geothermal spring, located in Ourense (Galicia, Spain). The approximately 23 Gbp of Illumina sequences generated for each replicate revealed a complex microbial community dominated by Bacteria in which Proteobacteria and Aquificae were the two prevalent phyla. An association between the two most prevalent genera, Thermus and Hydrogenobacter, was suggested by the relationship of their metabolism. The high relative abundance of sequences involved in the Calvin-Benson cycle and the reductive TCA cycle unveils the dominance of an autotrophic population. Important pathways from the nitrogen and sulfur cycle are potentially taking place in As Burgas hot spring. In the assembled reads, two complete ORFs matching GH2 beta-galactosidases were found. To assess their functional characterization, the two ORFs were cloned and overexpressed in E. coli. The pTsbg enzyme had activity towards o-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-fucopyranoside, with high thermal stability and showing maximal activity at 85 °C and pH 6, nevertheless the enzyme failed to hydrolyze lactose. The other enzyme, Tsbg, was unable to hydrolyze even ONPG or lactose. This finding highlights the challenge of finding novel active enzymes based only on their sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Eugenia DeCastro
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Michael P Doane
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- Syndey Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Ann Dinsdale
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Belmonte
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Isabel González-Siso
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
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21
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Carvalho CTD, Lima WBDB, de Medeiros FGM, Dantas JMDM, de Araújo Padilha CE, Dos Santos ES, de Macêdo GR, de Sousa Júnior FC. Lactose hydrolysis using β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis immobilized with sodium alginate for potential industrial applications. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:714-722. [PMID: 33287624 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1853157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the lactose hydrolysis conditions from "coalho" cheese whey using β-galactosidase (β-gal) produced by Kluyveromyces lactis immobilized with sodium alginate. Three sodium alginate-based immobilization systems were evaluated (0.5, 0.7, and 1% w/v) for maximizing the immobilization yield (Y), efficiency (EM), and recovered activity (ar). The lactose hydrolysis capacity of the immobilized form of β-gal was determined, and simulated environments were used to assess the preservation of the immobilized enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract. The results showed that β-gal immobilization with 1% (w/v) sodium alginate presented the best results (EM of 66%, Y of 41%, and ar of 65%). The immobilization system maintained the highest pH stability in the range between 5.0 and 7.0, with the highest relative activity obtained under pH 5 conditions. The temperature stability was also favored by immobilization at 50 °C for 30 min was obtained a relative activity of 180.0 ± 1.37%. In 6 h, the immobilized β-gal was able to hydrolyze 46% of the initial lactose content. For the gastrointestinal simulations, around 40% of the activity was preserved after 2 h. Overall, the results described here are promising for the industrial applications of β-galactosidase from K. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gorete Ribeiro de Macêdo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
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22
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Su Z, Luo J, Li X, Pinelo M. Enzyme membrane reactors for production of oligosaccharides: A review on the interdependence between enzyme reaction and membrane separation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Pázmándi M, Kovács Z, Balga E, Kovács M, Maráz A. Production of high-purity galacto-oligosaccharides by depleting glucose and lactose from galacto-oligosaccharide syrup with yeasts. Yeast 2020; 37:515-530. [PMID: 32602234 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic compounds, widely used as ingredients in various food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. Enzymatic synthesis of GOS results in low-purity products that contain high amounts of glucose and lactose beside the valuable GOS. In this study, a systematic approach was used to develop yeast-based fermentation strategies to purify crude GOS. Potentially applicable yeast strains were identified based on an extensive search in literature databases followed by a series of laboratory-scale fermentation tests. Single- and two-step fermentation processes were designed for the removal of glucose alone or together with lactose from crude GOS syrup. Single-step fermentation trials with two strains of previously unreported species, Cyberlindnera jadinii NCAIM Y.00499 and Kluyveromyces nonfermentans NCAIM Y.01443, resulted in purified products free of both glucose and ethanol from a crude GOS syrup diluted to 15 and 10 w/v%, respectively. Simultaneous removal of glucose and lactose was achieved by Kluyveromyces marxianus DMB Km-RK in a single-step fermentation process with a yield of 97.5% and final purity of 100%. A two-step fermentation approach was designed to allow conversion of a glucose-free product into a high-purity GOS by removing glucose with C. jadinii Y.00499 in the first step, and lactose by Kluyveromyces lactis DMB Kl-RK in the second step, resulting in a final product with a yield of 100% and a final purity of 92.1%. These results indicate that the selected nonconventional yeasts are promising candidates for the removal of non-GOS components from commercial crude GOS products by selective fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Pázmándi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Food Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Balga
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kovács
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Maráz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
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24
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de Carvalho CT, de Oliveira Júnior SD, de Brito Lima WB, de Medeiros FGM, de Sá Leitão ALO, Dos Santos ES, de Macedo GR, de Sousa Júnior FC. Potential of "coalho" cheese whey as lactose source for β-galactosidase and ethanol co-production by Kluyveromyces spp. yeasts. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:925-934. [PMID: 32496939 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1771731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the co-production of β-galactosidase and ethanol by Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 36907 and Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y-8279 using as carbon source the lactose found on "coalho" cheese whey. Cheese whey was subjected to partial deproteinization, and physicochemical parameters were assessed. Cultivations were carried out in an shaker to evaluate two carbon/nitrogen (C:N) ratios. The best C:N ratio (1.5:1) was carried to 1.5-L bioreactor cultivation in order to increase co-production yields. The stability of β-galactosidase was assessed against different temperatures and pH, and in the presence of metal ions. Concerning the co-production of β-galactosidase and ethanol, K. lactis proved to be more efficient in both the C:N ratios, reaching 21.09 U·mL-1 of activity and 7.10 g·L-1 of ethanol in 16 h. This study describes the development of a viable and value-adding biotechnological process using a regional cheese by-product from Northeast Brazil for co-production of biomolecules of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Teixeira de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Dantas de Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - Wildson Bernardino de Brito Lima
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá Leitão
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - Everaldo Silvino Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - Gorete Ribeiro de Macedo
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, Brazil
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Kalathinathan P, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G. A statistical approach for enhanced production of β-galactosidase from Paracoccus sp. and synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:811-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Füreder V, Rodriguez-Colinas B, Cervantes FV, Fernandez-Arrojo L, Poveda A, Jimenez-Barbero J, Ballesteros AO, Plou FJ. Selective Synthesis of Galactooligosaccharides Containing β(1→3) Linkages with β-Galactosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum (Saphera). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4930-4938. [PMID: 32279499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The transglycosylation activity of a novel commercial β-galactosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum (Saphera) was evaluated. The optimal conditions for the operation of this enzyme, measured with o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside, were 40 °C and pH around 6.0. Although at low lactose concentrations the property of this enzyme was basically hydrolytic, an increase of lactose concentration to 400 g/L resulted in a significant formation (107.2 g/L, 27% yield) of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS). The maximum amount of GOS was obtained at a lactose conversion of approximately 90%, which contrasts with other β-galactosidases, for which the highest GOS yield is achieved at 40-50% lactose conversion. Using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR, we determined the structure of most of the GOS synthesized by this enzyme. The main identified products were Gal-β(1→3)-Gal-β(1→4)-Glc (3'-O-β-galactosyl-lactose), Gal-β(1→6)-Glc (allolactose), Gal-β(1→3)-Glc (3-galactosyl-glucose), Gal-β(1→3)-Gal (3-galactobiose), and the tetrasaccharide Gal-β(1→3)-Gal-β(1→3)-Gal-β(1→4)-Glc. In general, B. bifidum β-galactosidase showed a tendency to form β(1→3) linkages followed by β(1→6) and more scarcely β(1→4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Füreder
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Rodriguez-Colinas
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Poveda
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jesus Jimenez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J Plou
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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An endoxylanase rapidly hydrolyzes xylan into major product xylobiose via transglycosylation of xylose to xylotriose or xylotetraose. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116121. [PMID: 32241400 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here, we proposed an effective strategy to enhance a novel endoxylanase (Taxy11) activity and elucidated an efficient catalysis mechanism to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOSs). Codon optimization and recruitment of natural propeptide in Pichia pastoris resulted in achievement of Taxy11 activity to 1405.65 ± 51.24 U/mL. Analysis of action mode reveals that Taxy11 requires at least three xylose (xylotriose) residues for hydrolysis to yield xylobiose. Results of site-directed mutagenesis indicate that residues Glu119, Glu210, and Asp53 of Taxy11 are key catalytic sites, while Asp203 plays an auxiliary role. The novel mechanism whereby Taxy11 catalyzes conversion of xylan or XOSs into major product xylobiose involves transglycosylation of xylose to xylotriose or xylotetraose as substrate, to form xylotetraose or xylopentaose intermediate, respectively. Taxy11 displayed highly hydrolytic activity toward corncob xylan, producing 50.44 % of xylobiose within 0.5 h. This work provides a cost-effective and sustainable way to produce value-added biomolecules XOSs (xylobiose-enriched) from agricultural waste.
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β-Galactosidases: A great tool for synthesizing galactose-containing carbohydrates. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 39:107465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Vera C, Guerrero C, Aburto C, Cordova A, Illanes A. Conventional and non-conventional applications of β-galactosidases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Qin Z, Li S, Huang X, Kong W, Yang X, Zhang S, Cao L, Liu Y. Improving Galactooligosaccharide Synthesis Efficiency of β-Galactosidase Bgal1-3 by Reshaping the Active Site with an Intelligent Hydrophobic Amino Acid Scanning. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11158-11166. [PMID: 31537069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There are ongoing interests in improving the galactooligosaccharide (GOS) synthesis efficiency of β-galactosidase by protein engineering. In this study, an intelligent double-hydrophobic amino acid scanning strategy was proposed and employed to target nine residues forming the glycon-binding site (-1 subsite) of β-galactosidase Bgal1-3. Two mutants C510V and H512I with significantly improved GOS synthesis efficiency were obtained. When 40% (w/v) lactose was used as a substrate, Bgal1-3 reached a maximum GOS yield of 45.3% at 16 h, while the mutants reached higher yields in a much shorter time (59.1% at 10 h for C510V, 51.5% at 2 h for H512I). When skim milk was treated with these enzymes, more GOS was produced (19.9 g/L for C510V, 12.7 g/L for H512I) than that for Bgal1-3 (10.3 g/L) at a lactose conversion of 90%. These results validated hydrophobicity scanning as an efficient method to engineer β-galactosidases into promising catalysts for the preparation of GOS and GOS-enriched milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Shuifeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Xiangpeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Sufang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Lichuang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
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31
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Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Sustainable bioconversion of food waste into high-value products by immobilized enzymes to meet bio-economy challenges and opportunities - A review. Food Res Int 2019; 123:226-240. [PMID: 31284972 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, food waste has intensified much attention from the local public, national and international organizations as well as a wider household territory due to increasing environmental, social and economic concerns, climate change and scarcity of fossil fuel resources. On one aspect, food-processing waste represents a substantial ecological burden. On the other hand, these waste streams are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, thus hold significant potential for biotransformation into an array of high-value compounds. Indeed, the high sugar, protein, and fat content render food waste streams as attractive feedstocks for enzymatic valorization given the plentiful volumes generated annually. Enzymes as industrial biocatalysts offer unique advantages over traditional chemical processes with regard to eco-sustainability, and process efficiency. Herein, an effort has been made to delineate immobilized enzyme-driven valorization of food waste streams into marketable products such as biofuels, bioactive compounds, biodegradable plastics, prebiotics, sweeteners, rare sugars, surfactants, etc. Current challenges and prospects are also highlighted with respect to the development of industrially adaptable biocatalytic systems to achieve the ultimate objectives of sustainable manufacturing combined with minimum waste generation. Applications-based strategies to enzyme immobilization are imperative to design cost-efficient and sustainable industrially applicable biocatalysts. With a deeper apprehension of support material influences, and analyzing the extreme environment, enzymes might have significant potential in improving the overall sustainability of food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. CP 64849, Mexico.
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Elsayed EA, Danial EN, Wadaan MA, El-Enshasy HA. Production of β-galactosidase in shake-flask and stirred tank bioreactor cultivations by a newly isolated Bacillus licheniformis strain. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Simović M, Milivojević A, Ćorović M, Banjanac K, Bezbradica D. Whey valorization using transgalactosylation activity of immobilized β‐galactosidase. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Simović
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Karnegijeva 4 11000 Beograd Serbia
| | - Ana Milivojević
- Innovation Center Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Karnegijeva 4 11000 Beograd Serbia
| | - Marija Ćorović
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Karnegijeva 4 11000 Beograd Serbia
| | - Katarina Banjanac
- Innovation Center Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Karnegijeva 4 11000 Beograd Serbia
- Directorate of Measures and Precious Metals Group for Metrology in Chemistry Mike Alasa 1411000 Beograd Serbia
| | - Dejan Bezbradica
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Karnegijeva 4 11000 Beograd Serbia
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Aburto C, Guerrero C, Vera C, Wilson L, Illanes A. Co-immobilized β-galactosidase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for the simultaneous synthesis and purification of galacto-oligosaccharides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 118:102-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Ding H, Zhou L, Zeng Q, Yu Y, Chen B. Heterologous Expression of a Thermostable β-1,3-Galactosidase and Its Potential in Synthesis of Galactooligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E415. [PMID: 30380738 PMCID: PMC6267478 DOI: 10.3390/md16110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A thermostable β-1,3-galactosidase from Marinomonas sp. BSi20414 was successfully heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), with optimum over-expression conditions as follows: the recombinant cells were induced by adding 0.1 mM of IPTG to the medium when the OD600 of the culture reached between 0.6 and 0.9, followed by 22 h incubation at 20 °C. The recombinant enzyme β-1,3-galactosidase (rMaBGA) was further purified to electrophoretic purity by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 126.4 U mg-1 at 37 °C using ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside) as a substrate. The optimum temperature and pH of rMaBGA were determined as 60 °C and 6.0, respectively, resembling with its wild-type counterpart, wild type (wt)MaBGA. However, rMaBGA and wtMaBGA displayed different thermal stability and steady-state kinetics, although they share identical primary structures. It is postulated that the stability of the enzyme was altered by heterologous expression with the absence of post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, as well as the steady-state kinetics. To evaluate the potential of the enzyme in synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), the purified recombinant enzyme was employed to catalyze the transgalactosylation reaction at the lab scale. One of the transgalactosylation products was resolved as 3'-galactosyl-lactose, which had been proven to be a better bifidogenic effector than GOS with β-1,4 linkage and β-1,6 linkages. The results indicated that the recombinant enzyme would be a promising alternative for biosynthesis of GOS mainly with β-1,3 linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Ding
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Lili Zhou
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Qian Zeng
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Yong Yu
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
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Immobilization of β-galactosidase in glutaraldehyde-chitosan and its application to the synthesis of lactulose using cheese whey as feedstock. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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