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Pan J, Liu W, Wu W, Zhao R, Li X, Zhou J. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan Schiff base grafted with formaldehyde and aminoethanol: As an effective adsorbent for removal of Pb(II), Hg(II), and Cu(II) ions from aqueous media. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:135601. [PMID: 39276889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Grafted chitosan materials show the characteristics of high stability, easy separation and recovery, and good heavy metal adsorption capacity, and have received much attention in the adsorption process. Therefore, in this work, novel grafted chitosan-based adsorbent CS-EHBSB@F-AE was prepared by a one-pot reaction of chitosan (CS), 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (EHB), formaldehyde (F) and aminoethanol (F). The microstructure and morphology of the as-prepared composite CS-EHBSB@F-AE were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, FE-SEM, and BET analyses. The adsorption performance of the as-prepared CS-EHBSB@F-AE composite on Pb(II), Hg(II), and Cu(II) ions from aqueous was investigated using batch experiment and the effects of the initial pH of the solution, contact time, and initial metal ions concentration and temperature on the adsorption efficiency were investigated and discussed. At the best conditions, CS-EHBSB@F-AE exhibited remarkable adsorption capacity of 246.7 mg/g, 203.9 mg/g, and 234.4 mg/g in absorbing Pb(II), Hg(II), and Cu(II), respectively. The adsorption equilibrium and the kinetic studies confirmed that the ions adsorption process fits well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models. Additionally, the adsorption efficiency of Pb(II), Hg(II), and Cu(II) metal ions by the composite CS-EHBSB@F-AE was reduced by increasing the temperature from 298 K to 318 K. In addition, after the sixth ads/des cycles, the as-prepared adsorbent still exhibited high removal efficiency with a decrease in adsorption efficiency of Pb(II) (5.53 %), Hg(II) (15.43 %) and Cu(II) (8.27 %). Finally, we proposed that the ions adsorption by CS-EHBSB@F-AE has happened using the coordination of active groups containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms on the surface of the adsorbent with the Pb(II), Hg(II), and Cu(II) metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Pan
- College of Food Science & Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Wenhong Wu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Renbang Zhao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- College of Food Science & Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
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Al Ghamdi K, Ahmad A, Falca G, Alrefaeia MN, Al-Hamouz OCS. Efficient Removal of Mercury from Wastewater Solutions by a Nitrogen-Doped Hyper-Crosslinked Polyamine. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2495. [PMID: 39274128 PMCID: PMC11398116 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mercury, a highly toxic metal and pollutant, poses a significant risk to human health and the environment. This study describes the synthesis of a new nitrogen-doped heteroaromatic hyper-crosslinked polyamine (HCPA) via the polycondensation of 2,6-diaminopyrazine and tris(4-formylphenyl)amine for the efficient removal of mercury ions from aqueous solutions. The HCPA polymer was characterized by solid-state 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. A powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the polymer was semicrystalline in nature and stable up to 500 °C. Adsorption isotherms indicated that mercury adsorption occurred via mono- and multilayer adsorption by HCPA, as depicted by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models, with a maximum adsorption capacity of qm = 333.3 mg/g. Adsorption kinetic models suggested that the adsorption process was fast and effective, reaching equilibrium within 20 min. Thermodynamics of the adsorption process revealed that it was endothermic and spontaneous in nature due to the positive ΔH0 of 48 kJ/mol and negative ΔG0 values of -4.5 kJ/mol at 293 K. Wastewater treatment revealed 98% removal of mercury indicating the selective nature of HCPA. Finally, HCPA exhibited excellent performance and regeneration up to three cycles, demonstrating its great potential as an adsorbent for environmental remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al Ghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gheorghe Falca
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Nawaf Alrefaeia
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Charles S Al-Hamouz
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Fang Y, Hu J, Fu Y, Geng T. Fabrication of a novel polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitosan-Schiff base/Fe 2O 3 nanocomposite for efficient adsorption of Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132161. [PMID: 38723810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
A novel magnetic polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitosan-Schiff base/Fe2O3 (PVP/CS-SB/Fe2O3) adsorbent was prepared by one-pot facile co-precipitation route for adsorption of Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared-spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) were used to characterize the synthesized PVP/CS-SB/Fe2O3. The results predicted that the successfully synthesis of magnetic CSSB-PVP@Fe2O3. The effects of important factors such as pH solution, contact time, concentration of metal ions, adsorbent dose and co-existing ions on Pb(II) and Hg(II) adsorption were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions at optimal conditions were 120 mg/g and 102.5 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic studies predicted that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model as chemisorption using the coordination of active sites of PVP/CS-SB/Fe2O3 with the metal ions and also n-π interactions. Reproducibility results predicted that the excellent regeneration ability after 6 adsorption cycles. According to the results of this work, the PVP/CS-SB/Fe2O3 nanocomposite is promising for Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions adsorption and can be potential as a simple, low-cost, high-efficient adsorbent for decontamination of other heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of New Opto-Electronic Functional Materials of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China; Anyange Center for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junqiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of New Opto-Electronic Functional Materials of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China; Anyange Center for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yifan Fu
- Key Laboratory of New Opto-Electronic Functional Materials of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China; Anyange Center for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Key Laboratory of New Opto-Electronic Functional Materials of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China; Anyange Center for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
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Fu W, Ma N, Liang J, Feng L, Zhou H. Selective removal of Hg(II) by chitosan derivative covalently modified with double cross-linking agents abundant in N and S atoms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130414. [PMID: 38428768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
With rapid industrialization and urbanization, numerous wastewater contains elevated concentration of Hg(II), and its concentration must be reduced to the discharge limit, so as not to cause serious pollution to the environment. In this paper, a modified chitosan adsorbent material, AMT-DMTD-CS (CS = chitosan, AMT = 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, DMTD = 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiol) was prepared. FT-IR, XPS, elemental analysis, and FE-SEM confirmed that AMT and DMTD were successfully grafted covalently onto CS, with BET analysis showing a specific surface area of 105.55 m2/g for AMT-DMTD-CS. Adsorption study suggests that the optimal pH environment for AMT-DMTD-CS to adsorb Hg(II) is 4.0, and the saturated uptake capacity reaches 687.17 mg/g at 318 K, even after eight regenerations, the removal is still maintained at 80.06 %. Moreover, the adsorption behavior is in perfect agreement with the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, AMT-DMTD-CS shows quite favorable selectivity for Hg(II) in a variety of co-existing metal ions. According to the FT-IR and XPS analysis of AMT-DMTD-CS-Hg(II), the synergistic complexation of -OH, -NH2, -NH, CN, CS and -SH to Hg(II) is considered as the main reason that leading to the elevated adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Feng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
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Wu K, Wang B, Liu T, Wang J, Xu W, Zhang B, Niu Y. Synthesis of salicylaldehyde tailored PAMAM dendrimers/chitosan for adsorption of aqueous Hg(II): Performance and mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126590. [PMID: 37652340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution caused by Hg(II) exerts hazardous effect to environmental safety and human health. Herein, a family of salicylaldehyde tailored poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers/chitosan composites (G0-S/CTS, G1-S/CTS, and G2-S/CTS) were prepared and used for the removal of Hg(II) from water solution. The adsorption performance of the as-prepared composites for Hg(II) was thoroughly demonstrated by determining various influencing factors. G0-S/CTS, G1-S/CTS and G2-S/CTS exhibited competitive adsorption capacity and good adsorption selective property for Hg(II). The maximum adsorption capacity of G0-S/CTS, G1-S/CTS and G2-S/CTS for Hg(II) were 1.86, 2.18 and 4.47 mmol‧g-1, respectively. The adsorption for Hg(II) could be enhanced by raising initial Hg(II) concentration and temperature. The adsorption process was dominated by film diffusion processes with monolayer adsorption behavior. The functional groups of NH2, CONH, CN, OH, CO and CN were mainly responsible for the adsorption of Hg(II). G0-S/CTS, G1-S/CTS and G2-S/CTS displayed good regeneration property and the regenerate rate maintained 95.00 % after five adsorption-desorption cycles. The as-prepared adsorbents could be potentially used for the efficient removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Tonghe Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Yuzhong Niu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
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Ma M, Chen R, Feng L. Efficient and selective removal of mercury ions from aqueous solution by 2,5-dimercaptothiadiazole covalently grafted chitosan derivative. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126272. [PMID: 37567536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasingly serious problem of mercury pollution has caused wide concern, and exploring the adsorbent materials with high adsorption capacity is a simple and effective approach to address this concern. In this study, chitosan (CS), 2,5-dimercaptothiadiazole (DMTD) and formaldehyde solution are used as raw materials to prepare the modified CS material (DMTD-CS) by one-pot method. Adequate characterizations suggest that DMTD-CS is highly cross-linked, and the specific surface area and pore volume are 126.91 m2/g and 0.6702 cm3/g, respectively. By investigating the Hg(II) adsorption properties of DMTD-CS, the maximum adsorption capacity at 318 K reaches 628.09 mg/g, this value is higher than that of CS and most of the reported CS derivatives. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms indicate that the adsorption behaviors of DMTD-CS conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, and in the coexistence of various metal ions, DMTD-CS shows very good selectivity for Hg(II). Additionally, the removal of DMTD-CS to Hg(II) is still at 80.06 % after six adsorption-desorption cycles, demonstrating outstanding recyclability. The further FT-IR and XPS analysis suggest that the synergistic complexation of O, N and S atoms on DMTD-CS with Hg(II) is an important factor leading to the high adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Ma
- West Anhui University, Liuan 237012, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- West Anhui University, Liuan 237012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Feng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China.
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Li Z, Zhang X, Zhu C. Physicochemical properties and Pb 2+ adsorption capacity of freeze-dried hawthorn pectin fractions by gradient ethanol precipitation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125581. [PMID: 37385315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Three fractions of FHP20, FHP40 and FHP60 were obtained from freeze-dried hawthorn pectin by gradient ethanol precipitation (20-60 %), and their physicochemical properties and adsorption performance on Pb2+ were investigated. It was found that the content of galacturonic acid (GalA) and esterification of FHP fractions gradually reduced with the increase of ethanol concentration. FHP60 had the lowest molecular weight (60.69 × 103 Da), and the composition and proportion of monosaccharides were significantly different. The experimental results of Pb2+ adsorption showed that the adsorption process fitted well with the Langmuir monolayer adsorption and the pseudo-second-order models. Our findings suggested that pectin fractions with good homogeneity of molecular weight and chemical construction can be obtained by gradient ethanol precipitation, and hawthorn pectin could be developed as a potential adsorbent for Pb2+ removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China.
| | - Chuanhe Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China.
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Song W, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yu Z, Li X, Li Y, Cui Y, Zhao Y, Yan L. Removal of various aqueous heavy metals by polyethylene glycol modified MgAl-LDH: Adsorption mechanisms and vital role of precipitation. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Zhou Y, Zeng Z, Guo Y, Zheng X. Selective adsorption of Hg(ii) with diatomite-based mesoporous materials functionalized by pyrrole-thiophene copolymers: condition optimization, application and mechanism. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33160-33174. [PMID: 36425157 PMCID: PMC9673902 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05938j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel diatomite-based mesoporous material of MCM-41/co-(PPy-Tp) was prepared with MCM-41 as carrier and functionalized with the copolymer of pyrrole and thiophene. The physicochemical characteristics of the as-prepared materials were characterized by various characterization means. The removal behaviour of Hg(ii) was adequately investigated via series of single factor experiments and some vital influence factors were optimized via response surface methodology method. The results exhibit that diatomite-based materials MCM-41/co-(PPy-Tp) has an optimal adsorption capability of 537.15 mg g-1 towards Hg(ii) at pH = 7.1. The removal process of Hg(ii) onto MCM-41/co-(PPy-Tp) is controlled by monolayer chemisorption based on the fitting results of pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models. In addition, the adsorption of Hg(ii) ions onto MCM-41/co-(PPy-Tp) is mainly completed through forming a stable complex with N or S atoms in MCM-41/co-(PPy-Tp) by electrostatic attraction and chelation. The as-developed MCM-41/co-(PPy-Tp) displays excellent recyclability and stabilization, has obviously selective adsorption for Hg(ii) in the treatment of actual electroplating wastewater. Diatomite-based mesoporous material functionalized by the copolymer of pyrrole and thiophene exhibits promising application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Yongfu Guo
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou 215009 Jiangsu China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
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Antiulcerogenic and Antibacterial Effects of Chitosan Derivatives on Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4743041. [PMID: 36159581 PMCID: PMC9507741 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4743041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is an injury that develops on the lining of the stomach due to an imbalance between aggressive and defensive agents. Chitosan derivatives demonstrate promising biological activities in accelerating the healing activity of gastric lesions. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the healing activity of gastric lesion, induced by acetic acid (80%), of the chitosan derivative with acetylacetone (Cac) modified with ethylenediamine (Cacen) or diethylenetriamine (Cacdien). The biological activity was determined based on cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity, and gastroprotective activities. The results showed no significant difference in the cytotoxicity, a better antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, and a positive result on the healing of gastric lesions of the materials (Cac 18.4%, Cacen 55.2%, and Cacdien 68.1%) compared to pure chitosan (50.7%). Therefore, the results indicate that derivatives of chitosan are promising biomaterials for application in the control of lesions on the gastric mucosa.
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Wu W, Liu Z, Azeem M, Guo Z, Li R, Li Y, Peng Y, Ali EF, Wang H, Wang S, Rinklebe J, Shaheen SM, Zhang Z. Hydroxyapatite tailored hierarchical porous biochar composite immobilized Cd(II) and Pb(II) and mitigated their hazardous effects in contaminated water and soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129330. [PMID: 35716571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel composite of hydroxyapatite tailored hierarchical porous biochar (HA-HPB) was synthesized and used for the adsorptive immobilization of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in water and soil. The hierarchical porous biochar (HPB) was prepared from rice husk through a molten-salt-assisted pyrolysis approach; then, a series of HA-HPB (with 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g of HPB) was prepared with co-precipitation procedure. All HA-HPBs, particularly HA-3HPB, revealed significantly higher removal efficiency of Cd(II) and Pb(II) (≥99.5%) in water than pristine biochar (5.79 - 24.12%). The immobilization efficiency of HA-3HPB for Cd(II) and Pb(II) was slightly inhibited by the ionic strength and co-existing cations. The Langmuir adsorption capacities of Cd(II) and Pb(II) were 88.1 and 110.2 mg/g, respectively. Ion exchange, complexation, cation-π interaction, and precipitation were the key mechanisms involved in the immobilization of Cd(II) and Pb(II) using HA-3HPB. The HA-3HPB reduced the availability of soil Cd (63.5 - 87.8%) and Pb (64.6 - 92.9%) compared to the unamended soil, and thus reduced their content in the Chinese cabbage shoots by 69.3 -95.4% for Cd and 66.5 -97.2% for Pb. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of HA-HPB for remediation of Cd(II) and Pb(II) contaminated water and soil and mitigating the potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Key Lab of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observatory and Monitoring Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315830, China; Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yage Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaru Peng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Esmat F Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212 Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Preparation of modified reed carbon composite hydrogels for trapping Cu2+, Ni2+ and Methylene blue in aqueous solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:878-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Liu X, Che S, Shi N, Chen Y, Yan M. Adsorption behavior and mechanism of Lead (Pb 2+) by sulfate polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:760-770. [PMID: 35351544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) pollution poses severe healthy and ecological risks to humans. In this work, sulfate polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (SPE) was utilized for Pb2+ adsorption from simulated intestinal fluid. In order to evaluate its adsorption behaviors comprehensively, batch adsorption of Pb2+ was investigated under different conditions. Results showed that SPE presents high adsorption ability for Pb2+ through chemical adsorption process and the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb2+ was 278.5 mg/g. And SPE exhibited higher removal efficiency (≥60%) for trace Pb2+ (<10 mg/L) compared to that of other adsorbents based on polysaccharide. Besides, its adsorption can be described by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Further, XRD, FTIR, and XPS were used to characterize the possible interaction of Pb2+ with SPE, and the results showed that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in SPE play more important role than that of sulfate group. Our work represents the first assessment of Pb2+ adsorption properties of SPE. This investigation highlights the potential application of SPE to protect the body from hazard of food-derived heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Li
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Zhuanyuan Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Shuai Che
- Key laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Naiwen Shi
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yiming Chen
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Mingyan Yan
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
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14
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Hamza MF, Abdel-Rahman AAH, Negm AS, Hamad DM, Khalafalla MS, Fouda A, Wei Y, Amer HH, Alotaibi SH, Goda AES. Grafting of Thiazole Derivative on Chitosan Magnetite Nanoparticles for Cadmium Removal—Application for Groundwater Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061240. [PMID: 35335569 PMCID: PMC8954473 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and developments of magnetic chitosan nanoparticles for high efficiency removal of the cadmium ions from aquatic medium are one of the most challenging techniques. Highly adsorptive composite (MCH-ATA) was produced by the reaction of chitosan with formaldehyde and amino thiazole derivative. The sorbent was characterized by FTIR, elemental analyses (EA), SEM-EDX, TEM analysis, TGA and titration (volumetric). The modified material includes high nitrogen and sulfur contents (i.e., 4.64 and 1.35 mmol g−1, respectively), compared to the pristine material (3.5 and 0 mmol g−1, respectively). The sorption was investigated for the removal of Cd(II) ions from synthetic (prepared) solution before being tested towards naturally contaminated groundwater in an industrial area. The functionalized sorbent shows a high loading capacity (1.78 mmol Cd g−1; 200 mg Cd g−1) compared to the pristine material (0.61 mmol Cd g−1; 68.57 mg Cd g−1), while removal of about 98% of Cd with capacity (6.4 mg Cd g−1) from polymetallic contaminated groundwater. The sorbent displays fast sorption kinetics compared to the non-modified composite (MCH); 30 min is sufficient for complete sorption for MCH-ATA, while 60–90 min for the MCH. PFORE fits sorption kinetics for both sorbents, whereas the Langmuir equation fits for MCH and Langmuir and Sips for MCH-ATA for sorption isotherms. The TEM analysis confirms the nano scale size, which limits the diffusion to intraparticle sorption properties. The 0.2 M HCl solution is a successful desorbing agent for the metal ions. The sorbent was applied for the removal of cadmium ions from the contaminated underground water and appears to be a promising process for metal decontamination and water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. Hamza
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Semi Pilot Plant Department, Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El-Maadi, Cairo 11728, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.F.H.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +20-1116681228 (M.F.H.); +86-771-322-4990 (Y.W.)
| | - Adel A.-H. Abdel-Rahman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt; (A.A.-H.A.-R.); (A.S.N.); (D.M.H.)
| | - Alyaa S. Negm
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt; (A.A.-H.A.-R.); (A.S.N.); (D.M.H.)
| | - Doaa M. Hamad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt; (A.A.-H.A.-R.); (A.S.N.); (D.M.H.)
| | - Mahmoud S. Khalafalla
- Semi Pilot Plant Department, Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El-Maadi, Cairo 11728, Egypt;
| | - Amr Fouda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Yuezhou Wei
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.H.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +20-1116681228 (M.F.H.); +86-771-322-4990 (Y.W.)
| | - Hamada H. Amer
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.A.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Saad H. Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.A.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Adel E.-S. Goda
- Tanta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tanta 31739, Egypt;
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15
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Zhang Y, Shi G, Wu W, Ali A, Wang H, Wang Q, Xu Z, Qi W, Li R, Zhang Z. Magnetic biochar composite decorated with amino-containing biopolymer for phosphorus recovery from swine wastewater. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Liu S, Gao J, Zhang L, Yang Y, Liu X. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-thiourea-modified magnetic chitosan for adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 274:118555. [PMID: 34702488 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromium pollution is a serious environmental problem given that like most heavy metals, Cr tends to persist and accumulate in the environment. In this study, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-thiourea-modified magnetic chitosan (DTCS-Fe3O4) was synthesized for use as an adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. The effects of various treatment conditions on the Cr(VI) adsorption performance of DTCS-Fe3O4 composite as well as the kinetics were elucidated. Moreover, by observing the structure and morphology of DTCS-Fe3O4, the possible Cr(VI) adsorption mechanism was proposed. DTCS-Fe3O4 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 321.3 ± 6.0 mg g-1. Further, the adsorption process, which followed the Langmuir model for monolayer adsorption, was predominantly governed by chemical adsorption, and could be fitted using the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Furthermore, given its ease of preparation, low cost, and remarkable performance, it is expected that the DTCS-Fe3O4 composite would find wide practical application in the removal of toxic Cr(VI) from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejiang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yongkui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Tianjin Huanke Environmental Consulting Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300191, PR China
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17
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Jaafar A, Platas-Iglesias C, Bilbeisi RA. Thiosemicarbazone modified zeolitic imidazolate framework (TSC-ZIF) for mercury(ii) removal from water. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16192-16199. [PMID: 35479125 PMCID: PMC9030954 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02025k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8), and their derivatives, have been drawing increasing attention due to their thermal and chemical stability. The remarkable stability of ZIF-8 in aqueous and high pH environments renders it an ideal candidate for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. In this study, we present the preparation of novel aldehyde-based zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (Ald-ZIF) through the integration of mixed-linkers: 2-methylimidazole (MIM) and imidazole-4-carbaldehyde (AldIM). The prepared Ald-ZIFs were post-synthetically modified with bisthiosemicarbazide (Bisthio) and thiosemicarbazide (Thio) groups, incorporating thiosemicarbazone (TSC) functionalities to the core of the framework. This modification results in the formation of TSC-functionalized ZIF derivatives (TSC-ZIFs). Thiosemicarbazones are versatile metal chelators, hence, adsorption properties of TSC-ZIFs for the removal of mercury(ii) from water were explored. Removal of mercury(ii) from homoionic aqueous solutions, binary and tertiary systems in competition with lead(ii) and cadmium(ii) under ambient conditions and neutral pH are reported in this study. MIM3.5:Thio1:Zn improved the removal efficiency of mercury(ii) from water, up to 97% in two hours, with an adsorption capacity of 1667 mg g-1. Desorption of mercury(ii) from MIM3.5:Thio1:Zn was achieved under acidic conditions, regenerating MIM3.5:Thio1:Zn for five cycles of mercury(ii) removal. TSC-ZIF derivatives, designed and developed here, represent a new class of dynamically functionalized adsorption material displaying the advantages of simplicity, efficiency, and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Jaafar
- American University of Beirut (AUB), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Riad El Solh Beirut 1107-2020 Lebanon
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña 15071 A Coruña Galicia Spain
| | - Rana A Bilbeisi
- American University of Beirut (AUB), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Riad El Solh Beirut 1107-2020 Lebanon
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18
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Shen W, Fang Y, Azeem M, Gao Y, Li X, Zhao P, Ali A, Li M, Li R. Chitosan crosslinked with polyamine-co-melamine for adsorption of Hg 2+: Application in purification of polluted water. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:778-785. [PMID: 33798587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A batch experiment was carried out in order to remove Hg2+ from the aqueous solution as well as the polluted water using modified chitosan (CS) with polyamine compounds (triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA)), and melamine. The obtained polyamine-co-melamine crosslinked CS derivatives (MCS-4N and MCS-5N) were characterized and used as adsorbents. In comparison to the raw CS, the modification significantly promoted the adsorption of Hg2+ ions. The results of the pseudo-second-order kinetic model revealed that pH-dependent derivatives adsorbents achieved the equilibrium state within 12 h. The Langmuir model was best fitted with the Hg2+ adsorption isotherm and showed the highest adsorption capacities of 140.3 and 109.7 mg/g for MCS-4N and MCS-5N, respectively. A slight decrease in the adsorption efficiency of Hg2+ was noticed with the increment of the ionic strength of the solution. However, the studied adsorbents were easily regenerated and presented adequate reusability. The Hg2+ adsorption was regulated by the combined process of coordination reaction and electrostatic attraction as well. The as-prepared polyamine-co-melamine crosslinked CS derivatives were found potential adsorbents for the adsorptive capture of Hg2+ ions from aqueous solutions and polluted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Shen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Yueru Fang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Yuxi Gao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xianxi Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Manlin Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Lab Nat Prod & ChemBiol, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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19
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Maity S, Naskar N, Jana B, Lahiri S, Ganguly J. Fabrication of thiophene-chitosan hydrogel-trap for efficient immobilization of mercury (II) from aqueous environs. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:116999. [PMID: 33142568 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of thiophene-chitosan (TCS) hydrogel has been carried out to show the excellent binding performance of Hg(II) from an aqueous solution of heavy metal ions in presence of thiophene moiety within the hydrogel network. Thiophene moiety has been implanted within chitosan, a wild bio-resources, through a facile Schiff base condensation strategy with 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde to develop a three-dimensional network of TCS hydrogel. The parameters influencing adsorption capacity such as pH, volume of functional agent, contact time, amount of the hydrogel are included to broaden the in-depth study for the adsorption window of Hg(II) followed by the desorption and reusability performance of TCS. The results indicate that the TCS hydrogel for Hg(II) followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), acts as a better eluent compared to HCl to desorb Hg(II) and even after recurring adsorption/desorption cycles, removal efficacy of TCS hydrogel could be retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santu Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, 711103, India
| | - Nabanita Naskar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Biswajit Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, 711103, India
| | - Susanta Lahiri
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India.
| | - Jhuma Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, 711103, India.
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20
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Unexpected effect of magnetic nanoparticles on the performance of aqueous removal of toxic Cr(VI) using modified biopolymer chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:768-779. [PMID: 33385450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modified biopolymer chitosan namely 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde chitosan (CTS-Nap) has been synthesized for the removal of toxic chromium from aqueous solutions. In an attempt to enhance the adsorption capacity of toxic chromium on the prepared modified biopolymer, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been loaded on the modified adsorbent to form the magnetite adsorbent (Fe3O4@CTS-Nap). The adsorption mechanism of both adsorbents is explored by batch experiments, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XRD, VSM, and EDS. The optimum adsorption is achieved at pH 1.5 for CTS-Nap and 1.0 for Fe3O4@CTS-Nap. Pseudo second order illustrated the best description for the adsorption process with correlation coefficient R2 = 0.999 and the film diffusion or chemisorption is the rate-limiting step. The equilibrium data is analyzed using five isotherm models, the experimental data agreed well with the Freundlich model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 78.12 mg g-1 and 57.14 mg g-1 for CTS-Nap and Fe3O4@CTS-Nap, respectively. However, this unexpected result revealed that the presence of magnetic nanoparticles does not always enhance the adsorption process and many other factors could control the adsorption process. Generally, these outcomes revealed that the unmagnetite modified adsorbent CTS-Nap have practical greater influence on wastewater treatment management rather than the magnetic modified chitosan Fe3O4@CTS-Nap.
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21
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Liang RH, Li Y, Huang L, Wang XD, Hu XX, Liu CM, Chen MS, Chen J. Pb2+ adsorption by ethylenediamine-modified pectins and their adsorption mechanisms. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 234:115911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Li R, Zhang Y, Deng H, Zhang Z, Wang JJ, Shaheen SM, Xiao R, Rinklebe J, Xi B, He X, Du J. Removing tetracycline and Hg(II) with ball-milled magnetic nanobiochar and its potential on polluted irrigation water reclamation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121095. [PMID: 31732339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of ball-milled magnetic nanobiochars (BMBCs) derived from wheat straw for adsorptive removal of tetracycline (TC) and Hg(II) from aqueous solution was assessed against that of pristine magnetic biochars (PMBCs). Ball milling conversion of PMBCs into BMBCs greatly improved TC and Hg(II) removal, and ≥ 99% TC and Hg(II) were adsorbed by BMBC prepared at 700 °C (BMBC700) within 12 h. The maximum adsorptive removal capacities of BMBC700 for TC and Hg(II) were 268.3 and 127.4 mg/g, respectively. The amounts of TC and Hg(II) removed by BMBC700 decreased gradually as the ionic strength of the solution increased, but increased as the solution temperature increased from 25 to 45 °C. The further FTIR and XPS analysis confirmed removal of TC was predominately regulated by the combination of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and Cπ-Cπ interaction, while, the adsorption of Hg(II) was mainly governed by several mechanisms, including electrostatic attractions, Hg-Cπ bond formation, and surface complexation. Overall, BMBC700 presented great potential for TC and Hg(II) removal from polluted irrigation water and exhibited acceptable recyclability performance as well as magnetic separation advantage in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jim J Wang
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 104 Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Ran Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 104 Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Beidou Xi
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Lab Environmental Criteria & Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Key Lab Environmental Criteria & Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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23
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Chen Y, Yasin A, Zhang Y, Zan X, Liu Y, Zhang L. Preparation and Modification of Biomass-Based Functional Rubbers for Removing Mercury(II) from Aqueous Solution. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E632. [PMID: 32023872 PMCID: PMC7040720 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomass-based functional rubber adsorbents were designed and prepared via inverse vulcanization and post-modification. The plant rubber was synthesized with sulfur and renewable cottonseed oil as well as various micromolecular modifiers with nitrogen-containing functional groups. Results showed that types of nitrogen-containing functional groups and dosages of modifiers had a significant impact on the adsorption capacities of the resulting polymers for Hg2+. Notably, when the mass ratio of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) to sulfur was 0.05, the resulting polymer polysulfide-co-cottonseed oil modified by AEMA (SCOA2) showed the highest adsorption capacity (343.3 mg g-1) among all the prepared samples. Furthermore, the Hg2+ removal efficiency of SCOA2 remained over 80% of its original value after five adsorption-desorption cycles. It demonstrated a promising case for utilizing cheap industrial by-products (sulfur) and renewable materials (cottonseed oil). The prepared functional rubber provides alternative approach for mercury removal in waste utilization and sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Chen
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.C.); (A.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Akram Yasin
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.C.); (A.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yagang Zhang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.C.); (A.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830026, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xingjie Zan
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.C.); (A.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.C.); (A.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Letao Zhang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.C.); (A.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
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24
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Yasin A, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zan X, Zhang Y. Hyperbranched multiple polythioamides made from elemental sulfur for mercury adsorption. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01544b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different from traditional polyethylenimine (PEI) modified Hg(ii) adsorbent materials, a novel hyperbranched polythioamide adsorbent (SPD) was prepared by using sulfur, PEI and 1,4-diethynylbenzene (DEB) as monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Yasin
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Urumqi 830011
- China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Urumqi 830011
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Urumqi 830011
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Letao Zhang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Urumqi 830011
- China
| | - Xingjie Zan
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Urumqi 830011
- China
| | - Yagang Zhang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Urumqi 830011
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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25
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Manzoor K, Ahmad M, Ahmad S, Ikram S. Synthesis, Characterization, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of EDTA-Modified Chitosan-Carboxymethyl Cellulose as Cu(II) Ion Adsorbent. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17425-17437. [PMID: 31656915 PMCID: PMC6812121 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new adsorbent derived from the naturally occurring biopolymers, chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was prepared by cross-linking them using EDTA. EDTA having high affinity for metal ions can be used to enhance the chelation properties of the adsorbent enormously. The product obtained (chitosan-EDTA-CMC, CSECM) was characterized by different techniques: FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDAX, TGA, and XPS. The parameters for evaluation of the adsorption properties for removal of Cu(II) ions from the aqueous solution were determined using the batch adsorption method by studying the effect of pH, contact time, initial ion concentration, and temperature on adsorption. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were applied to study the kinetics of the adsorption process, whereas Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and D-R models were applied to evaluate the thermodynamics of the adsorption process. The kinetic adsorption parameters were in best agreement with the pseudo-second-order model, while thermodynamic parameters best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm at different temperatures for adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution with a maximum adsorption capacity of 142.95 mg/g at pH 5.5. CSECM showed excellent regeneration capability and recovery of the Cu(II) ion up to five cycles without the loss of the adsorption efficiency, which is the best characteristic to select the appropriate choice of the adsorbent. The adsorbent was also employed in batch experiments to evaluate the adsorption of hardness, producing common metal ions in single and real wastewater solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser Manzoor
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mudasir Ahmad
- Applied
Chemistry, School of Natural & Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Suhail Ahmad
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saiqa Ikram
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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26
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Pereira LA, da Silva Reis L, Batista FA, Mendes AN, Osajima JA, Silva-Filho EC. Biological properties of chitosan derivatives associated with the ceftazidime drug. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 222:115002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Liang W, Li M, Jiang S, Ali A, Zhang Z, Li R. Polyamine-co-2, 6-diaminopyridine covalently bonded on chitosan for the adsorptive removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:853-862. [PMID: 30840868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Nemati Y, Zahedi P, Baghdadi M, Ramezani S. Microfluidics combined with ionic gelation method for production of nanoparticles based on thiol-functionalized chitosan to adsorb Hg (II) from aqueous solutions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 238:166-177. [PMID: 30851555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at producing nanoparticles (NPs) based on thiol-functionalized chitosan (CS) using capillary microfluidic (MF) device combined with ionic gelation method to adsorb mercury ion [Hg (II)] from aqueous solutions. In this line, CS was functionalized with epichlorohydrin/cysteaminium chloride (2.73 M ratio) followed by fabricating NPs via MF and bulk mixing (BM) methods. To characterize the morphology, zeta potential, functionality, structure, and magnetic property of the samples, a series of tests such as SEM, TEM, DLS, FTIR, XRD, and VSM were carried out, respectively. The obtained results showed that MF technique was able to produce NPs with a diameter as small as 18 ± 3 nm, and a uniform shape compared to BM method. Thiol groups (-SH) functionalization on CS surface was confirmed by appearing a characteristic peak at 2579 cm-1. Also, the XRD patterns indicated the appropriate synthesis of Fe3O4 (magnetite), and no change in the structure of CS NPs in the presence of magnetite. Moreover, adding the magnetite to thiol-functionalized CS NPs led to suitable saturation magnetization about 26 emu/g to facilitate their separation using a magnetic field. To evaluate the performance of the nanoadsorbent, it has been exposed to Hg (II) in an aqueous solution which in turn the parameters optimization for the adsorption was done via Box-Behnken design (BBD) method, exhibiting the effect of adsorbent dose and the initial concentration of Hg (II) was much more significant than that of pH. Different concentrations of total dissolved solids up to 1000 mg/L had no adverse impact on the adsorption process confirmed by EDAX spectra. The least value of RMSE (5.023) and χ2 (0.3) were observed for Redlich-Peterson, Radke-Prausnitz, and UT isotherms. Maximum adsorption capacities calculated using Langmuir and UT models were 1192 mg/g and 1126 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the nature of the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Recovery of nanoadsorbent was successfully carried out using HCl 0.5 mol/L. The adsorption studies revealed that the prepared nanoadsorbent is promising candidate used in mercury removal from a real wastewater potentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Nemati
- Nano-Biopolymers Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box, 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Zahedi
- Nano-Biopolymers Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box, 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Baghdadi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box, 141785-3111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Ramezani
- Nano-Biopolymers Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box, 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Liu F, Xiong W, Feng X, Shi L, Chen D, Zhang Y. A novel monolith ZnS-ZIF-8 adsorption material for ultraeffective Hg (II) capture from wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 367:381-389. [PMID: 30611030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel monolithic adsorption material (ZnS-ZIF-8) was well prepared by means of the functionalized filter paper and explored for Hg (II) capture in wastewater in this work. The novel monolith ZnS-ZIF-8 displayed outstanding capture efficiency toward Hg (II) in the solution containing competitive diverse metal ions within very short time. The adsorption behavior was well fitted with the Langmuir adsorption model and the maximum adsorption capacities for Hg (II) removal was up to 925.9 mg/g. The Hg (II) captured by ZnS-ZIF-8 can be reclaimed by elution with Na2S solution. The approach of this novel monolith adsorption material displayed the advantages of rapidity, simplicity, selectivity and could be expected to the development of a rapid and efficient device to purify Hg (II) from wastewater in form of the integration filter-adsorption column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtai Liu
- College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Xinrui Feng
- College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Dawei Chen
- College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
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30
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Mutlu H, Ceper EB, Li X, Yang J, Dong W, Ozmen MM, Theato P. Sulfur Chemistry in Polymer and Materials Science. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800650. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Mutlu
- Institute for Biological Interfaces III; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Ezgi Berfin Ceper
- Department of Bioengineering; Yildiz Technical University; Esenler 34220 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesser Str. 18 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jingmei Yang
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesser Str. 18 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Fundamental Science and Frontiers; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 China
| | - Wenyuan Dong
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesser Str. 18 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mehmet Murat Ozmen
- Department of Bioengineering; Yildiz Technical University; Esenler 34220 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Biological Interfaces III; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesser Str. 18 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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31
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Faheem F, Bao J, Zheng H, Tufail H, Irshad S, Du J. Adsorption-assisted decontamination of Hg(ii) from aqueous solution by multi-functionalized corncob-derived biochar. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38425-38435. [PMID: 35559052 PMCID: PMC9090558 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06622a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) contamination of wastewater streams as a result of anthropogenic activities is a great threat to living organisms due to its acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Faheem
- School of Environmental Studies
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Bao
- School of Environmental Studies
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Han Zheng
- School of Environmental Studies
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Haseeb Tufail
- School of Environmental Studies
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Sana Irshad
- School of Environmental Studies
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Jiangkun Du
- School of Environmental Studies
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
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