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Feng Y, Niu L, Gao Z, Zhu L, Li M, Zhang Q, You R. Mild preparation of hyaluronic acid/silk fibroin sponges by modified crosslinking method. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132805. [PMID: 38825261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The composites composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and silk fibroin (SF) exhibit great potential in diverse biomedical applications. However, the utilization of commercial crosslinkers such as 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) for crosslinking HA typically necessitates harsh conditions involving strong alkaline, which greatly limits its potential applications. In this study, a mild modified approach was developed to fabricate HA/SF blend sponges crosslinked by BDDE without alkaline conditions. The blend solutions were cryo-concentrated to induce crosslinking reactions. The mechanism of freezing crosslinking was elucidated by investigating the effects of ice crystal growth and HA molecular weight on the degree of crosslinking. The results revealed that HA achieved efficient crosslinking when its molecular weight exceeds 1000 kDa and freezing temperatures ranged from -40 °C to -20 °C. After introducing SF, multiple crosslinks were formed between SF and HA chains, producing water-stable porous sponges. The SEM results demonstrated that the introduction of SF effectively enhanced the interconnectivity between macropores through creating subordinate holes onto the pores wall. Raising the SF content significantly enhanced compression strength, resistance to enzymatic degradation and cell viability of blend sponges. This study provides a novel strategy for designing bioactive HA/SF blend sponges as substitutes for tissue repair and wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Yangguang Avenue, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Longxing Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zixin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Yangguang Avenue, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Yangguang Avenue, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Mingzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Yangguang Avenue, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Renchuan You
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Yangguang Avenue, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China.
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Akhtar M, Nazneen A, Awais M, Hussain R, Khan A, Irfan M, Avcu E, Ur Rehman MA, Boccaccini AR. Oxidized alginate-gelatin (ADA-GEL)/silk fibroin/Cu-Ag doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticle-based hydrogels for potential wound care treatments. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:035016. [PMID: 38417147 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2e0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The present work focuses on developing 5% w/v oxidized alginate (alginate di aldehyde, ADA)-7.5% w/v gelatin (GEL) hydrogels incorporating 0.25% w/v silk fibroin (SF) and loaded with 0.3% w/v Cu-Ag doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Cu-Ag MBGNs). The microstructural, mechanical, and biological properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized in detail. The porous microstructure of the developed ADA-GEL based hydrogels was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, while the presence of Cu-Ag MBGNs in the synthesized hydrogels was determined using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The incorporation of 0.3% w/v Cu-Ag MBGNs reduced the mechanical properties of the synthesized hydrogels, as investigated using micro-tensile testing. The synthesized ADA-GEL loaded with 0.25% w/v SF and 0.3% w/v Cu-Ag MBGNs showed a potent antibacterial effect againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus. Cellular studies using the NIH3T3-E1 fibroblast cell line confirmed that ADA-GEL films incorporated with 0.3% w/v Cu-Ag MBGNs exhibited promising cellular viability as compared to pure ADA-GEL (determined by WST-8 assay). The addition of SF improved the biocompatibility, degradation rate, moisturizing effects, and stretchability of the developed hydrogels, as determinedin vitro. Such multimaterial hydrogels can stimulate angiogenesis and exhibit desirable antibacterial properties. Therefore further (in vivo) tests are justified to assess the hydrogels' potential for wound dressing and skin tissue healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memoona Akhtar
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, 1, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Arooba Nazneen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, 1, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, 1, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Hussain
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, 1, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, 1, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Egemen Avcu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey
- Ford Otosan Ihsaniye Automotive Vocational School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41650, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, 1, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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Wang HY, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhang YQ. Functional modification of silk fibroin from silkworms and its application to medical biomaterials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129099. [PMID: 38176506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) from the silkworm Bombyx mori is a fibrous protein identified as a widely suitable biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, tunable degradation, and mechanical strength. Various modifications of SF protein can give SF fibers new properties and functions, broadening their applications in textile and biomedical industries. A diverse array of functional modifications on various forms of SF has been reported. In order to provide researchers with a more systematic understanding of the types of functional modifications of SF protein, as well as the corresponding applications, we comprehensively review the different types of functional modifications, including transgenic modification, modifications with chemical groups or biologically active substance, cross-linking and copolymerization without chemical reactions, their specific modification methods and applications. Furthermore, recent applications of SF in various medical biomaterials are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- Obstetrical department, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Obstetrical department, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Innovation of Silkworm and Bee Resources, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Wang S, Ren K, Zhang M, Shen L, Zhou G, Ding Y, Xin Q, Luo J, Xie J, Li J. Self-Adhesive, Strong Antifouling, and Mechanically Reinforced Methacrylate Hyaluronic Acid Cross-Linked Carboxybetaine Zwitterionic Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:474-485. [PMID: 38114427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid and zwitterionic hydrogels are soft materials with poor mechanical properties. The unique structures and physiological properties make them attractive candidates for ideal hydrogel dressings, but the crux of lacking satisfying mechanical strengths and adhesive properties is still pendent. In this study, the physical cross-linking of dipole-dipole interactions of zwitterionic pairs was utilized to enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels. The hydrogels have been prepared by copolymerizing methacrylate hyaluronic (HAGMA) with carboxybetaine methacrylamide (CBMAA) (the mass ratio of [HAGMA]/[CBMAA] is 2:5, 1:5, 1:10, or 1:20), obtaining HA-CB2.5, HA-CB5.0, HA-CB10.0, or HA-CB20.0 hydrogel. Therein, the HA-CB20.0 hydrogel with a high CBMAA content can generate a strong dipole-dipole interaction to form internal physical cross-links, exhibit stretchability and low elastic modulus, and withstand 99% compressive deformation and cyclic compression under strain at 90%. Moreover, the HA-CB20.0 hydrogel is adhesive to diverse substrates, including skin, glass, stainless steel, and plastic. The synergistic effect of HAGMA and CBMAA shows strong anti-biofouling, high water absorption, biodegradability under hyaluronidase, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Kai Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Luxuan Shen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Guangwu Zhou
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Qiangwei Xin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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Zhou S, Wang Q, Yang W, Wang L, Wang J, You R, Luo Z, Zhang Q, Yan S. Development of a bioactive silk fibroin bilayer scaffold for wound healing and scar inhibition. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128350. [PMID: 37995792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In cases of deep skin defects, spontaneous tissue regeneration and excessive collagen deposition lead to hyperplastic scars. Conventional remedial action after scar formation is limited with a high recurrence rate. In this study, we designed a new artificial skin bilayer using silk fibroin nanofibers films (SNF) as the epidermis, and silk fibroin (SF) / hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffold as the dermal layer. The regenerated SF film was used as a binder to form a functional SNF-SF-HA bilayer scaffold. The bilayer scaffold showed high porosity, hydrophilicity, and strength, and retained its shape over 30 days in PBS. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were seeded into the bilayer scaffold and showed superior cell viability. In vivo analyses using the rabbit ear hypertrophic scar (HS) model indicated that the bilayer scaffold not only supported the reconstruction of new tissue, but also inhibited scar formation. The scaffold possibly achieved scar inhabitation by reducing wound contraction, weakening inflammatory reactions, and regulating collagen deposition and type conversion, which was partly observed through the downregulation of type I collagen, transforming growth factor-β, and α-smooth muscle actin. This study describes a new strategy to expand the application of silk-based biomaterials for the treatment of hyperplastic skin scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Qiusheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jiangnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Silk Products in Medical and Health Use, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Renchuan You
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zuwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Shuqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Silk Products in Medical and Health Use, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Trusek A, Grabowski M, Ajayi O, Kijak E. Hyaluronic Acid-Alginate Homogeneous Structures with Polylactide Coating Applied in Controlled Antibiotic Release. Gels 2023; 9:526. [PMID: 37504405 PMCID: PMC10379592 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of a controlled-release drug carrier is an innovative solution for the treatment of local infections, in particular in dentistry, skin diseases, and in open wounds. The biocompatibility, biodegradability, the possibility of a large amount of drug adsorbed (especially those with hydrophilic properties), and the ability to create structures of any shape and size are the reasons for hydrogels to be frequently studied. The main disadvantage of hydrogel carriers is the rapid rate of drug release; hence, in this study, an attempt was made to additionally chemically cross-link 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-1-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) with the hyaluronic acid-alginate (HA-SAL) structure. The answer to significantly reduce the mass flux typical for hydrogel structure was to surround it with a polymer layer using a dry cover. By coating the carriers with polylactide, the release time was increased by around forty times. As the carriers were designed to reduce local bacterial infections, among others in dentistry, the released antibiotics were amoxycillin, metronidazole, and doxycycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trusek
- Department of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Grabowski
- Department of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Omoyemi Ajayi
- Department of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edward Kijak
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
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Luo Y, Xiao M, Almaqrami BS, Kang H, Shao Z, Chen X, Zhang Y. Regenerated silk fibroin based on small aperture scaffolds and marginal sealing hydrogel for osteochondral defect repair. Biomater Res 2023; 27:50. [PMID: 37208690 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteochondral defects pose an enormous challenge without satisfactory repair strategy to date. In particular, the lateral integration of neo-cartilage into the surrounding native cartilage is a difficult and inadequately addressed problem determining tissue repair's success. METHODS Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) based on small aperture scaffolds was prepared with n-butanol innovatively. Then, the rabbit knee chondrocytes and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured on RSF scaffolds, and after induction of chondrogenic differentiation, cell-scaffold complexes strengthened by a 14 wt% RSF solution were prepared for in vivo experiments. RESULTS A porous scaffold and an RSF sealant exhibiting biocompatibility and excellent adhesive properties are developed and confirmed to promote chondrocyte migration and differentiation. Thus, osteochondral repair and superior horizontal integration are achieved in vivo with this composite. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the new approach of marginal sealing around the RSF scaffolds exhibits preeminent repair results, confirming the ability of this novel graft to facilitate simultaneous regeneration of cartilage-subchondral bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyue Luo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200002, China
| | - Menglin Xiao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | | | - Hong Kang
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint and Occlusion, School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730013, China
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200002, China.
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Luo J, Zhao X, Guo B, Han Y. Preparation, thermal response mechanisms and biomedical applications of thermosensitive hydrogels for drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:641-672. [PMID: 37218585 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2217377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug treatment is one of the main ways of coping with disease today. For the disadvantages of drug management, thermosensitive hydrogel is used as a countermeasure, which can realize the simple sustained release of drugs and the controlled release of drugs in complex physiological environments. AREAS COVERED This paper talks about thermosensitive hydrogels that can be used as drug carriers. The common preparation materials, material forms, thermal response mechanisms, characteristics of thermosensitive hydrogels for drug release and main disease treatment applications are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION When thermosensitive hydrogels are used as drug loading and delivery platforms, desired drug release patterns and release profiles can be tailored by selecting raw materials, thermal response mechanisms, and material forms. The properties of hydrogels prepared from synthetic polymers will be more stable than natural polymers. Integrating multiple thermosensitive mechanisms or different kinds of thermosensitive mechanisms on the same hydrogel is expected to realize the spatiotemporal differential delivery of multiple drugs under temperature stimulation. The industrial transformation of thermosensitive hydrogels as drug delivery platforms needs to meet some important conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Chaala M, Sebba FZ, Fuster MG, Moulefera I, Montalbán MG, Carissimi G, Víllora G. Accelerated Simple Preparation of Curcumin-Loaded Silk Fibroin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030504. [PMID: 36771806 PMCID: PMC9919302 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new biomaterials from natural fibres in the field of biomedicine have attracted great interest in recent years. One of the most studied fibres has been silk fibroin produced by the Bombyx mori worm, due to its excellent mechanical properties and its biodegradability and bioavailability. Among the different biomaterials that can be prepared from silk fibroin, hydrogels have attracted considerable attention due to their potential use in different fields, such as scaffolding, cell therapy and biomedical application. Hydrogels are essentially a three-dimensional network of flexible polymer chains that absorb considerable amounts of water and can be loaded with drugs and/or cells inside to be used in a wide variety of applications. Here we present a simple sonication process for the preparation of curcumin-hyaluronic acid-silk fibroin hydrogels. Different grades of hydrogels were prepared by controlling the relative amounts of their components. The hydrogels were physically and morphologically characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and their biological activity was tested in terms of cell viability in a fibroblast cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Chaala
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, B.P 1524, El-Menaouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Fatima Zohra Sebba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, B.P 1524, El-Menaouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Marta G. Fuster
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Imane Moulefera
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-88-7394
| | - Mercedes G. Montalbán
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Guzmán Carissimi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gloria Víllora
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
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10
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Composite silk fibroin hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Ru M, Hai AM, Wang L, Yan S, Zhang Q. Recent progress in silk-based biosensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:422-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Bayattork M, Du J, Aye SSS, Rajkhowa R, Chen S, Wang X, Li J. Enhanced formation of bioactive and strong silk-bioglass hybrid materials through organic-inorganic mutual molecular nucleation induction and templating. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13812-13823. [PMID: 36103198 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03417d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Materials based on silk fibroin (SF) are important for many biomedical applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and tunable biodegradability. However, the insufficient mechanical strength and low bioactivity of these materials have limited their applications. For silk hydrogels, slow gelation is also a crucial problem. In this work, a simple approach is developed to address these challenging problems all at once. By mixing SF solution with bioglass (BG) sol, instant gelation of silk is induced, the storage modulus of the hydrogel and the compressive modulus of the aerogel are significantly enhanced. The formation of a complex of SF and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), either through hydrogen bonding or TEOS condensation on SF, facilitated the aggregation of SF and, on the other hand, created active sites for the condensation of TEOS and BG formation on the surface of silk nanofibrils. The resultant hybrid gels have much higher capacity for biomineralization, indicating their higher bioactivity, compared with the pristine silk gels. This organic (SF)-inorganic (BG) mutual nucleation induction and templating can be used for a general approach to produce bioactive silk materials of various formats not limited to gels and may also inspire the formation of other functional protein-BG hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Bayattork
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3200, Australia.
| | - Juan Du
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3200, Australia.
| | - San Seint Seint Aye
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3200, Australia.
| | - Rangam Rajkhowa
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3200, Australia.
| | - Sihao Chen
- Frontier Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 200336, P. R. China
| | - Xungai Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3200, Australia.
| | - Jingliang Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3200, Australia.
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13
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Johari N, Khodaei A, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Moroni L. Ancient fibrous biomaterials from silkworm protein fibroin and spider silk blends: Biomechanical patterns. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:38-67. [PMID: 36126911 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Silkworm silk protein fibroin and spider silk spidroin are known biocompatible and natural biodegradable polymers in biomedical applications. The presence of β-sheets in silk fibroin and spider spidroin conformation improves their mechanical properties. The strength and toughness of pure recombinant silkworm fibroin and spidroin are relatively low due to reduced molecular weight. Hence, blending is the foremost approach of recent studies to optimize silk fibroin and spidroin's mechanical properties. As summarised in the present review, numerous research investigations evaluate the blending of natural and synthetic polymers. The effects of blending silk fibroin and spidroin with natural and synthetic polymers on the mechanical properties are discussed in this review article. Indeed, combining natural and synthetic polymers with silk fibroin and spidroin changes their conformation and structure, fine-tuning the blends' mechanical properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silkworm and spider silk proteins (silk fibroin and spidroin) are biocompatible and biodegradable natural polymers having different types of biomedical applications. Their mechanical and biological properties may be tuned through various strategies such as blending, conjugating and cross-linking. Blending is the most common method to modify fibroin and spidroin properties on demand, this review article aims to categorize and evaluate the effects of blending fibroin and spidroin with different natural and synthetic polymers. Increased polarity and hydrophilicity end to hydrogen bonding triggered conformational change in fibroin and spidroin blends. The effect of polarity and hydrophilicity of the blending compound is discussed and categorized to a combinatorial, synergistic and indirect impacts. This outlook guides us to choose the blending compounds mindfully as this mixing affects the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of the biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Johari
- Materials Engineering group, Golpayegan College of Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Golpayegan, Iran.
| | - Azin Khodaei
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Photocross-linked silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid hydrogel loaded with hDPSC for pulp regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:155-168. [PMID: 35716796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The construction of suitable biomaterials for pulp regeneration has always been a major challenge in the field of stomatology. Considering the complex and irregular anatomy of the root canal system, injectable hydrogels have received extensive attention as cell carriers in dental pulp regeneration. Here, we developed an injectable photocrosslinked methacrylylated silk fibroin (RSFMA)/methacrylylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) composite hydrogel and characterized its physicochemical properties. The biocompatibility of encapsulated human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was subsequently investigated. With the addition of RSFMA, the pore size of the scaffolds became more regular with negligible change in porosity and exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, the low concentration of RSFMA hydrogel in the composite hydrogel had higher cross-linking efficiency. In contrast to MeHA hydrogels, hDPSCs were encapsulated in hydrogels either in the absence or presence of high concentrations of RSFMA. The results indicated that cells in low-concentration RSFMA composite gel presented better growth ability, proliferation ability and osteogenic differentiation ability. This injectable photocrosslinked silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid hydrogel shows great potential in the field of dental pulp tissue engineering.
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15
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Wang H, Wang D, Luo B, Wang D, Jia H, Peng P, Shang Q, Mao J, Gao C, Peng Y, Gan L, Du J, Luo Z, Yang L. Decoding the annulus fibrosus cell atlas by scRNA-seq to develop an inducible composite hydrogel: A novel strategy for disc reconstruction. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:350-363. [PMID: 35386822 PMCID: PMC8964821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is one of the most serious public health problems worldwide and the major clinical manifestation of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The key pathological change during IVDD is dysfunction of the annulus fibrosus (AF). However, due to the lack of an in-depth understanding of AF biology, the methods to reconstruct the AF are very limited. In this study, the mice AF cell atlas were decoded by single-cell RNA sequencing to provide a guide for AF reconstruction. The results first identify a new population of AF cells, fibrochondrocyte-like AF cells, which synthesize both collagen I and collagen II and are potential functional cells for AF reconstruction. According to the dual features of the AF extracellular matrix, a composite hydrogel based on the acylation of methacrylated silk fibroin with methacrylated hyaluronic acid was produced. To obtain the ability to stimulate differentiation, the composite hydrogels were combined with a fibrochondrocyte-inducing supplement. Finally, reconstruction of the AF defects, by the novel AF stem cell-loaded composite hydrogel, could be observed, its amount of chondroid matrices recovered to 31.7% of AF aera which is significantly higher than that in other control groups. In summary, this study decodes the AF cell atlas, based on which a novel strategy for AF reconstruction is proposed. There are 10 populations of cells in the annulus fibrosus (AF), as decoded by single cell RNA sequencing. Lineage tracing shows the route of migration and differentiation of annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells (AFSCs). A new population of AF cells, fibrochondrocyte-like AF cells, was identified. Both the fibrinoid and chondroid matrices of AF are reconstructed by the novel AFSCs-loaded composite hydrogel.
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16
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Li S, Shi X, Xu B, Zhen P, Li S. [Progress in the application of silk fibroin in tissue engineered drug delivery system]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:1192-1199. [PMID: 34523288 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202103066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective The properties and characteristics of different types of silk fibroin (SF) drug-loaded sustained-release carriers and their effects on the drug release behavior were reviewed, and the existing problems and development prospects of SF drug-loaded sustained-release carriers in tissue engineering drug delivery system were discussed. Methods The literatures about drug-loaded SF sustained-release carriers in recent years were extensively consulted, and the types of sustained-release carriers, characteristics of drug release, range of applications, advantages and disadvantages, and solutions were summarized and analyzed. Results At present, the SF drug-loaded sustained-release carriers are mainly divided into SF microparticles, SF scaffolds, SF membranes, SF hydrogels, SF nanofibers, SF sponges, and so on. These types of SF drug-loaded sustained-release carriers have their own advantages and problems, of which the most prominent problem is the burst release of drugs at the initial stage. While, the initial burst release of drugs can be effectively solved by improving the preparation process and adjusting the material ratio. Different types of drug-loaded sustained-release carriers can be prepared by combining different materials to achieve different application scopes and drug release behaviors under different conditions. Conclusion SF is a good drug-loaded carrier for tissue engineering, the burst release of drugs at the initial stage can be solved by improving the preparation process and changing the material structure; through the combination of the advantages of various types of SF drug-loaded sustained-release carriers, it is expected to prepare SF drug-loaded sustained-release carriers that meet different clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China.,Department of Orthopaedics, the 940 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou Gansu, 730050, P.R.China
| | - Xuewen Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, the 940 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou Gansu, 730050, P.R.China
| | - Bo Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China.,Department of Orthopaedics, the 940 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou Gansu, 730050, P.R.China
| | - Ping Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the 940 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou Gansu, 730050, P.R.China
| | - Songkai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the 940 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou Gansu, 730050, P.R.China
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17
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Wang L, Nan X, Hou J, Xia Y, Guo Y, Meng K, Xu C, Lian J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhao B. Preparation and biological properties of silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite/hyaluronic acid composite scaffold. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34098538 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac08aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite/hyaluronic acid (SF/nHAp/HA) composite scaffolds with different HA contents were developed by blending, cross-linking and freeze-drying, and their physicochemical properties and cell biocompatibilityin vitrowere subsequently studied. It was observed that the molecular conformation of the composite scaffolds was mainly composed of silk I and a small amount of theβ-sheets structure. On enhancing the HA content, the pore size of the scaffold decreased, while the porosity, water absorption, swelling ratio and mechanical properties were observed to increase. In particular, the SF/nHAp/HA scaffold with a 5.0 wt% ratio exhibited the highest water absorption and mechanical properties among the developed materials. In addition, thein vitrocytocompatibility analysis showed that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exhibited excellent cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability on the SF/nHAp/5.0 wt%HA scaffolds, as compared with the other scaffolds. It can be concluded that the developed composite scaffolds represent a promising class of materials for the bone tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials,Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoru Nan
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials,Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Hou
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials,Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Xia
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials,Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqin Guo
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials,Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejing Meng
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials,Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzhen Xu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials,Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lian
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials,Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials,Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials,Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials,Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
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18
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Duangpakdee A, Laomeephol C, Jindatip D, Thongnuek P, Ratanavaraporn J, Damrongsakkul S. Crosslinked Silk Fibroin/Gelatin/Hyaluronan Blends as Scaffolds for Cell-Based Tissue Engineering. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113191. [PMID: 34073542 PMCID: PMC8198693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3D porous scaffolds fabricated from binary and ternary blends of silk fibroin (SF), gelatin (G), and hyaluronan (HA) and crosslinked by the carbodiimide coupling reaction were developed. Water-stable scaffolds can be obtained after crosslinking, and the SFG and SFGHA samples were stable in cell culture medium up to 10 days. The presence of HA in the scaffolds with appropriate crosslinking conditions greatly enhanced the swellability. The microarchitecture of the freeze-dried scaffolds showed high porosity and interconnectivity. In particular, the pore size was significantly larger with an addition of HA. Biological activities of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts seeded on SFG and SFGHA scaffolds revealed that both scaffolds were able to support cell adhesion and proliferation of a 7-day culture. Furthermore, cell penetration into the scaffolds can be observed due to the interconnected porous structure of the scaffolds and the presence of bioactive materials which could attract the cells and support cell functions. The higher cell number was noticed in the SFGHA samples, possibly due to the HA component and the larger pore size which could improve the microenvironment for fibroblast adhesion, proliferation, and motility. The developed scaffolds from ternary blends showed potential in their application as 3D cell culture substrates in fibroblast-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anongnart Duangpakdee
- Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (A.D.); (C.L.); (P.T.); (J.R.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chavee Laomeephol
- Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (A.D.); (C.L.); (P.T.); (J.R.)
| | - Depicha Jindatip
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Peerapat Thongnuek
- Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (A.D.); (C.L.); (P.T.); (J.R.)
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Ratanavaraporn
- Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (A.D.); (C.L.); (P.T.); (J.R.)
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Damrongsakkul
- Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (A.D.); (C.L.); (P.T.); (J.R.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-218-6862; Fax: +662-218-6877
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Grabska-Zielińska S, Sionkowska A. How to Improve Physico-Chemical Properties of Silk Fibroin Materials for Biomedical Applications?-Blending and Cross-Linking of Silk Fibroin-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1510. [PMID: 33808809 PMCID: PMC8003607 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review supplies a report on fresh advances in the field of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer and its blends with biopolymers as new biomaterials. The review also includes a subsection about silk fibroin mixtures with synthetic polymers. Silk fibroin is commonly used to receive biomaterials. However, the materials based on pure polymer present low mechanical parameters, and high enzymatic degradation rate. These properties can be problematic for tissue engineering applications. An increased interest in two- and three-component mixtures and chemically cross-linked materials has been observed due to their improved physico-chemical properties. These materials can be attractive and desirable for both academic, and, industrial attention because they expose improvements in properties required in the biomedical field. The structure, forms, methods of preparation, and some physico-chemical properties of silk fibroin are discussed in this review. Detailed examples are also given from scientific reports and practical experiments. The most common biopolymers: collagen (Coll), chitosan (CTS), alginate (AL), and hyaluronic acid (HA) are discussed as components of silk fibroin-based mixtures. Examples of binary and ternary mixtures, composites with the addition of magnetic particles, hydroxyapatite or titanium dioxide are also included and given. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of chemical, physical, and enzymatic cross-linking were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Grabska-Zielińska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Alina Sionkowska
- Department of Chemistry of Biomaterials and Cosmetics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
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Farokhi M, Aleemardani M, Solouk A, Mirzadeh H, Teuschl AH, Redl H. Crosslinking strategies for silk fibroin hydrogels: promising biomedical materials. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:022004. [PMID: 33594992 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abb615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to their strong biomimetic potential, silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels are impressive candidates for tissue engineering, due to their tunable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, low immunotoxicity, controllable biodegradability, and a remarkable capacity for biomaterial modification and the realization of a specific molecular structure. The fundamental chemical and physical structure of SF allows its structure to be altered using various crosslinking strategies. The established crosslinking methods enable the formation of three-dimensional (3D) networks under physiological conditions. There are different chemical and physical crosslinking mechanisms available for the generation of SF hydrogels (SFHs). These methods, either chemical or physical, change the structure of SF and improve its mechanical stability, although each method has its advantages and disadvantages. While chemical crosslinking agents guarantee the mechanical strength of SFH through the generation of covalent bonds, they could cause some toxicity, and their usage is not compatible with a cell-friendly technology. On the other hand, physical crosslinking approaches have been implemented in the absence of chemical solvents by the induction of β-sheet conformation in the SF structure. Unfortunately, it is not easy to control the shape and properties of SFHs when using this method. The current review discusses the different crosslinking mechanisms of SFH in detail, in order to support the development of engineered SFHs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farokhi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran. Maryam Farokhi and Mina Aleemardani contributed equally
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21
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Wang L, Wang F, Xu B, Zhou M, Yu Y, Wang P, Wang Q. Efficient Regulation of the Behaviors of Silk Fibroin Hydrogel via Enzyme-Catalyzed Coupling of Hyaluronic Acid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:478-489. [PMID: 33356309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pure silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel exhibits poor elasticity and low water retention ability, owing to the compact crystalline structure and high content of hydrophobic amino acids. Herein, a composite double-network hydrogel of SF and tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid (mHA) was constructed, via the laccase-catalyzed coupling reactions between the phenolic hydroxyl groups from SF and mHA chains. The obtained hydrogel exhibits improved structural stability and flexibility compared to pure SF hydrogel. Meanwhile, the swelling ratio, mechanical property, drug loading, and release behaviors can be readily regulated by alcoholization, altering pH value, and ionic strength of soaking solutions. Increasing pH values promoted the swelling capacity of SF/mHA hydrogel, resulting in an efficient loading of cationic drugs and sustained release of anionic drugs as well. The addition of inorganic salts reduced electrostatic repulsion in the hydrogel scaffold, accompanying with a noticeable improvement of toughness. Furthermore, alcohol treatment induced conformation changes of fibroin protein, and the composite hydrogel achieved a higher fracture and improved elasticity. The present work provides a biological alternative to regulate the mechanical behavior, drug loading, and sustained release capacity of the SF-based hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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22
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Yu LM, Liu T, Ma YL, Zhang F, Huang YC, Fan ZH. Fabrication of Silk-Hyaluronan Composite as a Potential Scaffold for Tissue Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:578988. [PMID: 33363124 PMCID: PMC7759629 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.578988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest is rapidly growing in the design and preparation of bioactive scaffolds, mimicking the biochemical composition and physical microstructure for tissue repair. In this study, a biomimetic biomaterial with nanofibrous architecture composed of silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid (HA) was prepared. Silk fibroin nanofiber was firstly assembled in water and then used as the nanostructural cue; after blending with hyaluronan (silk:HA = 10:1) and the process of freeze-drying, the resulting composite scaffolds exhibited a desirable 3D porous structure and specific nanofiber features. These scaffolds were very porous with the porosity up to 99%. The mean compressive modulus of silk-HA scaffolds with HA MW of 0.6, 1.6, and 2.6 × 106 Da was about 28.3, 30.2, and 29.8 kPa, respectively, all these values were much higher than that of pure silk scaffold (27.5 kPa). This scaffold showed good biocompatibility with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and it enhanced the cellular proliferation significantly when compared with the plain silk fibroin. Collectively, the silk-hyaluronan composite scaffold with a nanofibrous structure and good biocompatibility was successfully prepared, which deserved further exploration as a biomimetic platform for mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spine Surgery, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Textile Engineering, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Long Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spine Surgery, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Textile Engineering, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong-Can Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spine Surgery, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Orthopaedic Regenerative Technologies, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wang L, Lu R, Hou J, Nan X, Xia Y, Guo Y, Meng K, Xu C, Wang X, Zhao B. Application of injectable silk fibroin/graphene oxide hydrogel combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wang X, Tang J, Huang J, Hui M. Production and characterization of bacterial cellulose membranes with hyaluronic acid and silk sericin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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25
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Oral CB, Yetiskin B, Okay O. Stretchable silk fibroin hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1371-1380. [PMID: 32791264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels derived from silk fibroin (SF) are attractive soft materials in biomedical applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. However, SF hydrogels reported so far are generally brittle in tension limiting their load-bearing applications. We present here a novel strategy for preparing stretchable SF hydrogels by incorporating flexible polymer chains into the brittle SF network, which strengthen the interconnections between SF globules. We included N, N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) monomer and ammonium persulfate initiator into an aqueous SF solution containing a diepoxide cross-linker to in situ generate flexible poly (N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAA) chains. Moreover, instead of SF, methacrylated SF was used for the gel preparation to create an interconnected SF/PDMAA network. The free-radical polymerization of DMAA leads to the formation of PDMAA chains interconnecting globular SF molecules via their pendant vinyl groups. Incorporation of 2 w/v% DMAA into the SF network turns the brittle hydrogel into a stretchable one sustaining up to 370% elongation ratio. The mechanical properties of SF hydrogels could be adjusted by the amount of PDMAA incorporated into the SF network. The stretchable and tough SF hydrogels thus developed are suitable as a scaffold in tissue engineering and offer an advantage as a biomaterial over other SF-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Oral
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Yetiskin
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - O Okay
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zakeri-Siavashani A, Chamanara M, Nassireslami E, Shiri M, Hoseini-Ahmadabadi M, Paknejad B. Three dimensional spongy fibroin scaffolds containing keratin/vanillin particles as an antibacterial skin tissue engineering scaffold. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1817021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nassireslami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Babak Paknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang L, Xu B, Nong Y, Wang P, Yu Y, Deng C, Yuan J, Wang Q. Laccase-mediated construction of flexible double-network hydrogels based on silk fibroin and tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:795-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Roles of Silk Fibroin on Characteristics of Hyaluronic Acid/Silk Fibroin Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering of Nucleus Pulposus. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122750. [PMID: 32560556 PMCID: PMC7345670 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were crosslinked by horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2, and 1,4-Butanediol di-glycidyl ether (BDDE), respectively, to produce HA/SF-IPN (interpenetration network) (HS-IPN) hydrogels. HS-IPN hydrogels consisted of a SF strain with a high content of tyrosine (e.g., strain A) increased viscoelastic modules compared with those with low contents (e.g., strain B and C). Increasing the quantities of SF in HS-IPN hydrogels (e.g., HS7-IPN hydrogels with weight ratio of HA/SF, 5:7) increased viscoelastic modules of the hydrogels. In addition, the mean pores size of scaffolds of the model hydrogels were around 38.96 ± 5.05 μm which was between those of scaffolds H and S hydrogels. Since the viscoelastic modulus of the HS7-IPN hydrogel were similar to those of human nucleus pulposus (NP), it was chosen as the model hydrogel for examining the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) to NP. The differentiation of hBMSC induced by transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) in the model hydrogels to NP cells for 7 d significantly enhanced the expressions of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II, and gene expressions of aggrecan and collagen type II while decreased collagen type I compared with those in cultural wells. In summary, the model hydrogels consisted of SF of strain A, and high concentrations of SF showed the highest viscoelastic modulus than those of others produced in this study, and the model hydrogels promoted the differentiation of hBMSC to NP cells.
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Neves MI, Araújo M, Moroni L, da Silva RM, Barrias CC. Glycosaminoglycan-Inspired Biomaterials for the Development of Bioactive Hydrogel Networks. Molecules 2020; 25:E978. [PMID: 32098281 PMCID: PMC7070556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are long, linear polysaccharides that display a wide range of relevant biological roles. Particularly, in the extracellular matrix (ECM) GAG specifically interact with other biological molecules, such as growth factors, protecting them from proteolysis or inhibiting factors. Additionally, ECM GAG are partially responsible for the mechanical stability of tissues due to their capacity to retain high amounts of water, enabling hydration of the ECM and rendering it resistant to compressive forces. In this review, the use of GAG for developing hydrogel networks with improved biological activity and/or mechanical properties is discussed. Greater focus is given to strategies involving the production of hydrogels that are composed of GAG alone or in combination with other materials. Additionally, approaches used to introduce GAG-inspired features in biomaterials of different sources will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana I. Neves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.I.N.); (M.A.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Araújo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.I.N.); (M.A.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ricardo M.P. da Silva
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.I.N.); (M.A.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina C. Barrias
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.I.N.); (M.A.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Akbarzadeh P, Koukabi N. Fibroin‐functionalized magnetic carbon nanotube as a green support for anchoring silver nanoparticles as a biocatalyst for A
3
coupling reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Akbarzadeh
- Department of ChemistrySemnan University PO Box 35195‐363 Semnan Iran
| | - Nadiya Koukabi
- Department of ChemistrySemnan University PO Box 35195‐363 Semnan Iran
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Mechanically robust and stretchable silk/hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 208:413-420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Rojas JEU, Gerbelli BB, Ribeiro AO, Nantes-Cardoso IL, Giuntini F, Alves WA. Silk fibroin hydrogels for potential applications in photodynamic therapy. Biopolymers 2018; 110:e23245. [PMID: 30548859 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared translucid hydrogels with different concentrations of silk fibroin, extracted from raw silk fibers, and used them as a matrix to incorporate the photosensitizer 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin trisodium for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The hydrogels obtained were characterized by rheology, spectrophotometry, and scattering techniques to elucidate the factors involved in the formation of the hydrogel, and to characterize the behavior of silk fibroin (SF) after incorporating of the porphyrin to the matrix. The rheology results demonstrated that the SF hydrogels had a shear thinning behavior. In addition, we were able to verify that the structure of the material was able to be recovered over time after shear deformation. The encapsulation of porphyrins in hydrogels leads to the formation of self-assembled peptide nanostructures that prevent porphyrin aggregation, thereby greatly increasing the generation of singlet oxygen. Also, our findings suggest that porphyrin can diffuse out of the hydrogel and permeate the outer skin layers. This evidence suggests that SF hydrogels could be used as porphyrin encapsulation and as a drug carrier for the sustained release of photosensitizers for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Eduardo U Rojas
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Barbara B Gerbelli
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Anderson O Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Francesca Giuntini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wendel A Alves
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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