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Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Cervantes J, Escárcega-Galaz AA, Campas-Baypoli ON, Martínez-Ibarra DM, Rascón-León S. Measurement of the degree of deacetylation in chitosan films by FTIR, 1H NMR and UV spectrophotometry. MethodsX 2024; 12:102583. [PMID: 38313694 PMCID: PMC10837090 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The chitosan films were prepared from shrimp, squid, and crab to corroborate that regardless of the source of the chitosan, it was possible to measure the degree of deacetylation. In this work, the degree of deacetylation of chitosan was evaluated via UV, FTIR and 1H NMR spectrophotometry methodologies. Values in a range of 74 to 99% degree of deacetylation (DD) were obtained and varied depending on the method used and the source of chitosan. The spectrophotometric method is one of the most commonly used for this determination; however, it has the limitation that D-glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine share similar wavelengths. All three methods were simple and provided rapid analysis; however, NMR, in particular, was expensive due to its equipment specifications. For this reason, its important to select the simplest method than can be routinely used.•The simplest used technique to determine the degree of deacetylation is infrared spectroscopy.•The degree of acetylation of chitosan is related to its physicochemical properties; its determination is an important parameter due to its association with chitosan applications in different industrial areas.•The 1H NMR method is very precise and requires expensive equipment and trained personal. Thus, it cannot be used routinely to determine the degree of deacetylation.
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Pereira D, Ferreira S, Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, Alves N, Sousa Â, Valente JFA. Silver and Antimicrobial Polymer Nanocomplexes to Enhance Biocidal Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1256. [PMID: 38279254 PMCID: PMC10815966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a major problem over the years and threatens to remain in the future, at least until a solution is found. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and antimicrobial polymers (APs) are known for their antimicrobial properties and can be considered an alternative approach to fighting resistant microorganisms. Hence, the main goal of this research is to shed some light on the antimicrobial properties of Ag-NPs and APs (chitosan (CH), poly-L-lysine (PLL), ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PLL), and dopamine (DA)) when used alone and complexed to explore the potential enhancement of the antimicrobial effect of the combination Ag-NPs + Aps. The resultant nanocomplexes were chemically and morphologically characterized by UV-visible spectra, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the Ag-NPs, APs, and Ag-NPs + APs nanocomplexes were tested against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and the Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, as well as the fungi Candida albicans (C. albicans). Overall, the antimicrobial results showed potentiation of the activity of the nanocomplexes with a focus on C. albicans. For the biofilm eradication ability, Ag-NPs and Ag-NPs + DA were able to significantly remove S. aureus preformed biofilm, and Ag-NPs + CH were able to significantly destroy C. albicans biofilm, with both performing better than Ag-NPs alone. Overall, we have proven the successful conjugation of Ag-NPs and APs, with some of these formulations showing potential to be further investigated for the treatment of microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pereira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.P.); (S.F.)
| | - Susana Ferreira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.P.); (S.F.)
| | - Gloria Belén Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry (BioNanoMetals Group), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Nuno Alves
- CDRSP-PL-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028 Leiria, Portugal;
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.P.); (S.F.)
| | - Joana F. A. Valente
- CDRSP-PL-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028 Leiria, Portugal;
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Gholap AD, Rojekar S, Kapare HS, Vishwakarma N, Raikwar S, Garkal A, Mehta TA, Jadhav H, Prajapati MK, Annapure U. Chitosan scaffolds: Expanding horizons in biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121394. [PMID: 37940287 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide from chitin, shows promise as a biomaterial for various biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and ease of modification. This review overviews "chitosan scaffolds" use in diverse biomedical applications. It emphasizes chitosan's structural and biological properties and explores fabrication methods like gelation, electrospinning, and 3D printing, which influence scaffold architecture and mechanical properties. The review focuses on chitosan scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highlighting their role in bone, cartilage, skin, nerve, and vascular tissue regeneration, supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Investigations into incorporating bioactive compounds, growth factors, and nanoparticles for improved therapeutic effects are discussed. The review also examines chitosan scaffolds in drug delivery systems, leveraging their prolonged release capabilities and ability to encapsulate medicines for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Moreover, it explores chitosan's antibacterial activity and potential for wound healing and infection management in biomedical contexts. Lastly, the review discusses challenges and future objectives, emphasizing the need for improved scaffold design, mechanical qualities, and understanding of interactions with host tissues. In summary, chitosan scaffolds hold significant potential in various biological applications, and this review underscores their promising role in advancing biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Harshad S Kapare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhar Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacy, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences, Jabalpur 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sarjana Raikwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Tejal A Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Harsh Jadhav
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai 400 019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Uday Annapure
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India; Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai 400 019, Maharashtra, India.
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4
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Saravanan V, Davoodbasha M, Rajesh A, Nooruddin T, Lee SY, Kim JW. Extraction and characterization of Chitosan from Shell of Borassus flabellifer and their antibacterial and antioxidant applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126592. [PMID: 37659486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a bio-polymer made up of repeating units of N-acetyl glucosamine and glucosamine joined together by (1-4)-glycosidic linkages. Various bioresources have been used to develop bioactive materials that have a wide range of applications in different fields, including industry and medicine. Borassus flabellifer is a well-known source of chitin in the sub-Indian continent and is used in digestion, pharmaceuticals, and other applications. Chitin can be extracted from B. flabellifer fruit shells through demineralization and deproteinization and then converted into chitosan through deacetylation. This study aimed to investigate the biological activity of chitosan extracted from B. flabellifer fruit shells and to analyze its molecular structure using FT-IR analysis. Results showed the presence of NH, OH, and CO stretching, indicating the presence of various functional groups in chitosan. Scanning electron microscopic study revealed the topography of the chitosan. Well-diffusion and MIC tests showed that chitosan exhibited activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The chitosan extract also exhibited potential antioxidant polymer by scavenging free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwapriya Saravanan
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India
| | - MubarakAli Davoodbasha
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India; Centre for Surface Technology and Applications, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Republic of Korea; Research Centre for Bio Material and Process Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | - Arjun Rajesh
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India; Department of Biotechnology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thajuddin Nooruddin
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India
| | - Sang-Yul Lee
- Centre for Surface Technology and Applications, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Wan Kim
- Centre for Surface Technology and Applications, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Republic of Korea; Research Centre for Bio Material and Process Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Nguyen THP, Le NAT, Tran PT, Bui DD, Nguyen QH. Preparation of water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharides by oxidative hydrolysis of chitosan powder with hydrogen peroxide. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19565. [PMID: 37681167 PMCID: PMC10480655 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is only soluble in weak acid medium, thereby limiting its wide utilisation in the field of biomedicine, food, and agriculture. In this report, we present a method for preparing water-soluble CS oligosaccharides (COSs) at high concentration (∼10%, w/v) via the oxidative hydrolysis of CS powder with molecular weight (Mw) ∼90,000 g/mol) in 2% H2O2 solution at ambient temperature by a two-step process, namely, the heterogeneous hydrolysis step and homogeneous hydrolysis step. The resultant COSs were characterised by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The resulting products were composed of COSs (Mw of 2000-6600 g/mol) that were completely soluble in water. The results also indicated that the structure of COSs was almost unchanged compared with the original CS unless Mw was low. Accordingly, COSs with low Mw (∼2000 g/mol) and high concentration (10%, w/v) could be effectively prepared by the oxidative hydrolysis of CS powder using hydrogen peroxide under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong Hoanh Phong Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
- Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nghiem Anh Tuan Le
- Institute of Applied Materials Science-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Phuoc Tho Tran
- Institute of Applied Materials Science-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Duy Du Bui
- Graduate University of Science and Technology-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
- Institute of Applied Materials Science-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
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Boamah PO, Onumah J, Aduguba WO, Santo KG. Application of depolymerized chitosan in crop production: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123858. [PMID: 36871686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, chitosan (CHT) is well known for its uses, particularly in veterinary and agricultural fields. However, chitosan's uses suffer greatly due to its extremely solid crystalline structure, it is insoluble at pH levels above or equal to 7. This has sped up the process of derivatizing and depolymerizing it into low molecular weight chitosan (LMWCHT). As a result of its diverse physicochemical as well as biological features which include antibacterial activity, non-toxicity, and biodegradability, LMWCHT has evolved into new biomaterials with extremely complex functions. The most important physicochemical and biological property is antibacterial, which has some degree of industrialization today. CHT and LMWCHT have potential due to the antibacterial and plant resistance-inducing properties when applied in crop production. This study has highlighted the many advantages of chitosan derivatives as well as the most recent studies on low molecular weight chitosan applications in crop development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Osei Boamah
- Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga, Ghana.
| | - Jacqueline Onumah
- Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga, Ghana
| | | | - Kwadwo Gyasi Santo
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Production, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Ghana
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Pedro AC, Paniz OG, Fernandes IDAA, Bortolini DG, Rubio FTV, Haminiuk CWI, Maciel GM, Magalhães WLE. The Importance of Antioxidant Biomaterials in Human Health and Technological Innovation: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091644. [PMID: 36139717 PMCID: PMC9495759 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials come from natural sources such as animals, plants, fungi, algae, and bacteria, composed mainly of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate molecules. The great diversity of biomaterials makes these compounds promising for developing new products for technological applications. In this sense, antioxidant biomaterials have been developed to exert biological and active functions in the human body and industrial formulations. Furthermore, antioxidant biomaterials come from natural sources, whose components can inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, these materials incorporated with antioxidants, mainly from plant sources, have important effects, such as anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antitumor, and anti-aging, in addition to increasing the shelf-life of products. Aiming at the importance of antioxidant biomaterials in different technological segments as biodegradable, economic, and promising sources, this review presents the main available biomaterials, antioxidant sources, and assigned biological activities. In addition, potential applications in the biomedical and industrial fields are described with a focus on innovative publications found in the literature in the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Débora Gonçalves Bortolini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos (PPGEAL), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Thaís Vieira Rubio
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Politécnica, Sao Paulo 05508-080, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giselle Maria Maciel
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba 81280-340, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Washington Luiz Esteves Magalhães
- Embrapa Florestas, Colombo 83411-000, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais—PIPE, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-990, Paraná, Brazil
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8
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MubarakAli D, Lee M, Manzoor MA, Lee SY, Kim JW. Production of Oligoalginate via Solution Plasma Process and Its Capability of Biological Growth Enhancement. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:4097-4112. [PMID: 34449041 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to depolymerize alginate into short-length oligoalginates, adopting the simple solution plasma process (SPP) technique, for successful use in free radical scavenging and growth promotion in cell culture and agricultural practices. Alginate at various concentrations was depolymerized to oligoalginates using SPP by discharging for various times. The depolymerization into oligoalginates was proved by DNS, TLC, FT-IR, and HPAEC analyses and caused decrease in viscosity. Oligoalginates derived from 0.5% alginate (100 mg∙mL-1) showed the highest antioxidant activities in vitro. The oligoalginates enhanced growth of the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells to significant levels in a concentration-dependent manner without any extent of toxicity. The oligoalginates also promoted growth of lettuce. Thus, SPP is a powerful technique to break down alginate into oligoalginates that can be utilized as a free radical scavenger and as a growth promoter of animal cells and agricultural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S.Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Surface Technology and Applications (CeSTA), Department of Material Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang-Yul Lee
- Center for Surface Technology and Applications (CeSTA), Department of Material Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Wan Kim
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Surface Technology and Applications (CeSTA), Department of Material Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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Li Y, Yang Y, Huang Z, Luo Z, Qian C, Li Y, Duan Y. Preparation of low molecular chitosan by microwave-induced plasma desorption/ionization technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:441-450. [PMID: 34324902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Compared with high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC), low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) has better solubility and biological activity. However, there is no quick and environmentally friendly to prepare low molecular chitosan. In this study, microwave induced plasma desorption/ionization (MIPDI) was used for the first time to prepare LMWC through the degradation processes of HMWC. The results showed that MIPDI has the most abundant ∙OH content at the gas-liquid interface, and the active particles represented by ∙OH can degrade chitosan with a molecular weight of 540 KDa into soluble chitosan (≤ 10 KDa), and the yield of soluble chitosan can reach 61% in 60 min. Moreover, a series of characterization results showed that the chain structure and crystal structure gradually degraded as the treatment time increased while the chemical structure of chitosan did not change significantly. Antibacterial experiments also indicated that the antimicrobial property of LMWC obtained by MIPDI degradation was improved. In short, this method has proven to be a new, fast and green processing method for the preparation of low molecular chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zewei Luo
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yinjun Li
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Chokradjaroen C, Niu J, Panomsuwan G, Saito N. Insight on Solution Plasma in Aqueous Solution and Their Application in Modification of Chitin and Chitosan. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4308. [PMID: 33919182 PMCID: PMC8122608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability and environmental concerns have persuaded researchers to explore renewable materials, such as nature-derived polysaccharides, and add value by changing chemical structures with the aim to possess specific properties, like biological properties. Meanwhile, finding methods and strategies that can lower hazardous chemicals, simplify production steps, reduce time consumption, and acquire high-purified products is an important task that requires attention. To break through these issues, electrical discharging in aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, referred to as the "solution plasma process", has been introduced as a novel process for modification of nature-derived polysaccharides like chitin and chitosan. This review reveals insight into the electrical discharge in aqueous solutions and scientific progress on their application in a modification of chitin and chitosan, including degradation and deacetylation. The influencing parameters in the plasma process are intensively explained in order to provide a guideline for the modification of not only chitin and chitosan but also other nature-derived polysaccharides, aiming to address economic aspects and environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanaphat Chokradjaroen
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (C.C.); (J.N.)
| | - Jiangqi Niu
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (C.C.); (J.N.)
| | - Gasidit Panomsuwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Nagahiro Saito
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (C.C.); (J.N.)
- Conjoint Research Laboratory in Nagoya University, Shinshu University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Open Innovation Platform with Enterprises, Research Institute and Academia (OPERA), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Strategic International Collaborative Research Program (SICORP), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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11
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Zhang J, Wan J, Chen D, Yu B, He J. Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in IPEC-J2 Cells by Inhibiting the Nuclear Factor-κB Signalling Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030569. [PMID: 33499133 PMCID: PMC7865926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWC), a product of chitosan deacetylation, possesses anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, a porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2, was used to assess the protective effects of LMWC on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury. IPEC-J2 cells were pretreated with or without LMWC (400 μg/mL) in the presence or absence of LPS (5 μg/mL) for 6 h. LMWC pretreatment increased (p < 0.05) the occludin abundance and decreased (p < 0.05) the tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, apoptosis rate and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 (caspase-3) and -8 contents in LPS-treated IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, LMWC pretreatment downregulated (p < 0.05) the expression levels of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR-associated death domain and decreased (p < 0.05) the nuclear and cytoplasmic abundance of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in LPS-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells. These results suggest that LMWC exerts a mitigation effect on LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell damage by suppressing TNFR1-mediated apoptosis and decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines via the inhibition of NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun He
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13419354223; Fax: +86-28-86291781
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12
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Zhang J, Tan W, Li Q, Dong F, Guo Z. Synthesis and Characterization of N, N, N-trimethyl- O-(ureidopyridinium)acetyl Chitosan Derivatives with Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18030163. [PMID: 32188033 PMCID: PMC7142772 DOI: 10.3390/md18030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is an active biopolymer, and the combination of it with other active groups can be a valuable method to improve the potential application of the resultant derivatives in food, cosmetics, packaging materials, and other industries. In this paper, a series of N,N,N-trimethyl-O-(ureidopyridinium)acetyl chitosan derivatives were synthesized. The combination of chitosan with ureidopyridinium group and quaternary ammonium group made it achieve developed water solubility and biological properties. The structures of chitosan and chitosan derivatives were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. The prepared chitosan derivatives were evaluated for antioxidant property by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and superoxide radical scavenging ability. The results revealed that the synthesized chitosan derivatives exhibited improved antioxidant activity compared with chitosan. The chitosan derivatives were also investigated for antifungal activity against Phomopsis asparagus as well as Botrytis cinerea, and they showed a significant inhibitory effect on the selected phytopathogen. Meanwhile, CCK-8 assay was used to test the cytotoxicity of chitosan derivatives, and the results showed that most derivatives had low toxicity. These data suggested to develop analogs of chitosan derivatives containing ureidopyridinium group and quaternary ammonium group, which will provide a new kind of promising biomaterials having decreased cytotoxicity as well as excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Q.L.); (F.D.)
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Q.L.); (F.D.)
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Q.L.); (F.D.)
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Q.L.); (F.D.)
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Q.L.); (F.D.)
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-535-2109171; Fax: +86-535-2109000
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Li J, Li X, Liu P. Synthesis of Acid-Labile Poly(Doxazolidine) as a Polyprodrug with an Ultra-High Drug Content for Self-Delivery of High-Performance Chemotherapeutics. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:710-716. [PMID: 31910025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug self-delivery systems (DSDSs) have attracted intense attention due to their high drug content. However, their practical application still suffers from their premature drug leakage, slow drug release, and/or low antitumor efficacy of the released small molecular drugs. Here, acid-labile poly(Doxazolidine) (P(Doxaz)) is designed as a polyprodrug for the self-delivery of high antitumor chemotherapeutics (Doxazolidine (Doxaz)), with an ultrahigh Doxaz content of 92.45%. The P(Doxaz) nanoparticles could completely degrade into Doxaz within 10 h in the simulated tumor intracellular microenvironment, with a low drug leakage of 12.9% over 12 h in the normal physiological media. Owing to the ultrahigh drug content, fast acid-triggered degradation and drug release, and high antitumor efficacy of Doxaz, the proposed DSDS possesses an enhanced antiproliferation efficacy compared to the free DOX, demonstrating its potential in future tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiagen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
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Enhancing the Thermo-Stability and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Alginate Lyase by Immobilization on Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184565. [PMID: 31540110 PMCID: PMC6770906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm causes severe antibiotic resistance. An extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is the main component in the bacterial biofilm. Alginate is a key EPS component in the biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and responsible for surface adhesion and stabilization of biofilm. Alginate lyase has emerged as an efficient therapeutic strategy targeting to degrade the alginate in the biofilm of P. aeruginosa. However, the application of this enzyme is limited by its poor stability. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) were synthesized using low molecular weight chitosan and alginate lyase Aly08 was immobilized on low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles (AL-LMW-CS-NPs). As a result, the immobilization significantly enhanced the thermal stability and reusability of Aly08. In addition, compared with free Aly08, the immobilized AL-LMW-CS-NPs exhibited higher efficiency in inhibiting biofilm formation and interrupting the established mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa, which could reduce its biomass and thickness confirmed by confocal microscopy. Moreover, the biofilm disruption greatly increased the antibiotic sensitivity of P. aeruginosa. This research will contribute to the further development of alginate lyase as an anti-biofilm agent.
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Wan J, Zhang J, Wu G, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Luo Y, Zheng P, Luo J, Mao X, Yu J, He J. Amelioration of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Intestinal Barrier Disruption by Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan in Weaned Pigs is Related to Suppressed Intestinal Inflammation and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143485. [PMID: 31315208 PMCID: PMC6678621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection destroys the intestinal barrier integrity, in turn, disrupting intestinal homoeostasis. Low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWC) is a water-soluble chitosan derivative with versatile biological properties. Herein, we examined whether LMWC could relieve ETEC-induced intestinal barrier damage in weaned pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs were allotted to three treatments: (1) non-infected control; (2) ETEC-infected control; and (3) ETEC infection + LMWC supplementation (100 mg/kg). On day 12, pigs in the infected groups were administered 100 mL of ETEC at 2.6 × 109 colony-forming units/mL to induce intestinal barrier injury. Three days later, serum samples were obtained from all pigs, which were then slaughtered to collect intestinal samples. We evidenced that LMWC not only increased (P < 0.05) the occludin protein abundance but also decreased (P < 0.05) the interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and mast cell tryptase contents, and the apoptotic epithelial cell percentages, in the small intestine of ETEC-infected pigs. Furthermore, LMWC down-regulated (P < 0.05) the small intestinal expression levels of critical inflammatory- and apoptotic-related genes, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), as well as the intra-nuclear nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 protein abundance, in the ETEC-infected pigs. Our study indicated a protective effect of LMWC on ETEC-triggered intestinal barrier disruption in weaned pigs, which involves the repression of intestinal inflammatory responses via blocking the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway and the depression of epithelial cell death via TNFR1-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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MubarakAli D, Park J, Han T, Srinivasan H, Lee SY, Kim JW. Solution plasma process: An option to degrade bisphenol A in liquid-phase to non-toxic products. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Sugiyanti D, Darmadji P, Santoso U, Pranoto Y, Anwar C, Anggrahini S. Biological Activity of Native and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan obtained by Steam Explosion Process. Pak J Biol Sci 2018; 21:441-447. [PMID: 30724045 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.441.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Low molecular weight chitosan (LWCS) was interestingly used because of it's solubility and has good functional properties like antioxidant and antibacterial activity. This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant and antibacterial activity of chitosan and low molecular weight chitosan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Low molecular weight chitosan was obtained by physical and chemical hydrolysis using steam explosion process with steam pressure at 6 bar, temperature at 160°C and concentration of phosphotungstic acid at 0.1% w/v. The antioxidant activity was confirmed by radical DPPH scavenging activity, chelating metal ion value, inhibitory lipid peroxidation and antibacterial activity was confirmed by diffusion methods. RESULTS LWCS had antioxidant activity higher than native chitosan on radical scavenging, chelating ion value and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. LWCS had higher inhibitory effect as antibacterial than native chitosan against tested bacteria, there were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. CONCLUSION It was concluded that LWCS had more powerful antioxidant and antibacterial activity than native chitosan.
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