1
|
Hameleers L, Pijning T, Gray BB, Fauré R, Jurak E. Novel β-galactosidase activity and first crystal structure of Glycoside Hydrolase family 154. N Biotechnol 2024; 80:1-11. [PMID: 38163476 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PULs) are physically linked gene clusters conserved in the Gram-negative phylum of Bacteroidota and are valuable sources for Carbohydrate Active enZyme (CAZyme) discovery. This study focuses on BD-β-Gal, an enzyme encoded in a metagenomic PUL and member of the Glycoside Hydrolase family 154 (GH154). BD-β-Gal showed exo-β-galactosidase activity with regiopreference for hydrolyzing β-d-(1,6) glycosidic linkages. Notably, it exhibited a preference for d-glucopyranosyl (d-Glcp) over d-galactopyranosyl (d-Galp) and d-fructofuranosyl (d-Fruf) at the reducing end of the investigated disaccharides. In addition, we determined the high resolution crystal structure of BD-β-Gal, thus providing the first structural characterization of a GH154 enzyme. Surprisingly, this revealed an (α/α)6 topology, which has not been observed before for β-galactosidases. BD-β-Gal displayed low structural homology with characterized CAZymes, but conservation analysis suggested that the active site was located in a central cavity, with conserved E73, R252, and D253 as putative catalytic residues. Interestingly, BD-β-Gal has a tetrameric structure and a flexible loop from a neighboring protomer may contribute to its reaction specificity. Finally, we showed that the founding member of GH154, BT3677 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, described as β-glucuronidase, displayed exo-β-galactosidase activity like BD-β-Gal but lacked a tetrameric structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Hameleers
- Department of Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Department of Biomolecular X-ray Crystallography, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - Brandon B Gray
- Department of Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - Régis Fauré
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Edita Jurak
- Department of Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miao M, Yao Y, Yan Q, Jiang Z, He G, Yang S. Biochemical characterization of a novel β-galactosidase from Pedobacter sp. with strong transglycosylation activity at low lactose concentration. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01169-w. [PMID: 38771554 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A novel β-galactosidase gene (PbBgal35A) from Pedobacter sp. CAUYN2 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene had an open reading frame of 1917 bp, encoding 638 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 62.3 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene shared the highest identity of 41% with a glycoside hydrolase family 35 β-galactosidase from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (AAP86763.1). The recombinant β-galactosidase (PbBgal35A) was purified to homogeneity with a specific activity of 65.9 U/mg. PbBgal35A was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 50 °C, respectively, and it was stable within pH 4.5‒7.0 and up to 45 °C. PbBgal35A efficiently synthesized galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose with a conversion ratio of 32% (w/w) and fructosyl-galacto-oligosaccharides from lactulose with a conversion ratio of 21.9% (w/w). Moreover, the enzyme catalyzed the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides from low-content lactose in fresh milk, and the GOS conversion ratios of 17.1% (w/w) and 7.8% (w/w) were obtained when the reactions were performed at 45 and 4 °C, respectively. These properties make PbBgal35A an ideal candidate for commercial use in the manufacturing of GOS-enriched dairy products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guangming He
- Jiangxi Jinsuifeng Sugar Industry Co., Ltd., Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh RV, Sambyal K. β-galactosidase as an industrial enzyme: production and potential. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
5
|
A novel salt-tolerant GH42 β-galactosidase with transglycosylation activity from deep-sea metagenome. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:154. [PMID: 35796808 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase is a widely adopted enzyme in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Metagenome techniques have the advantage of discovering novel functional genes, particularly potential genes from uncultivated microbes. In this study, a novel GH42 β-galactosidase isolated from a deep-sea metagenome was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by affinity chromatography. The optimal temperatures and pH of the enzyme for o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (oNPG) and lactose were 40 ℃, 6.5 and 50 ℃, 7, respectively. The enzyme was stable at temperatures between 4 and 30 ℃ and within the pH range of 6-9. Moreover, it was highly tolerant to salt and inhibited by Zn2+ and Cu2+. The kinetic values of Km and kcat of the enzyme against oNPG were 1.1 mM and 57.8 s-1, respectively. Furthermore, it showed hydrolysis and transglycosylation activity to lactose and the extra monosaccharides could improve the productivity of oligosaccharides. Overall, this recombinant β-galactosidase is a potential biocatalyst for the hydrolysis of milk lactose and synthesis of functional oligosaccharides.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Q, Liu Z, Xia H, Huang Z, Zhu Y, Xu L, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Lv X, Liu L. Engineered Bacillus subtilis for the de novo production of 2'-fucosyllactose. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:110. [PMID: 35655274 PMCID: PMC9164505 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most abundant human milk oligosaccharide in breast milk, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), has been approved as an additive to infant formula due to its multifarious nutraceutical and pharmaceutical functions in promoting neonate health. However, the low efficiency of de novo synthesis limits the cost-efficient bioproduction of 2'-FL. RESULTS This study achieved 2'-FL de novo synthesis in a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) strain Bacillus subtilis. First, a de novo biosynthetic pathway for 2'-FL was introduced by expressing the manB, manC, gmd, wcaG, and futC genes from Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori in B. subtilis, resulting in 2'-FL production of 1.12 g/L. Subsequently, a 2'-FL titer of 2.57 g/L was obtained by reducing the competitive lactose consumption, increasing the regeneration of the cofactor guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP), and enhancing the supply of the precursor mannose-6-phosphate (M6P). By replacing the native promoter of endogenous manA gene (encoding M6P isomerase) with a constitutive promoter P7, the 2'-FL titer in shake flask reached 18.27 g/L. The finally engineered strain BS21 could produce 88.3 g/L 2'-FL with a yield of 0.61 g/g lactose in a 3-L bioreactor, without the addition of antibiotics and chemical inducers. CONCLUSIONS The efficient de novo synthesis of 2'-FL can be achieved by the engineered B. subtilis, paving the way for the large-scale bioproduction of 2'-FL titer in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Hongzhi Xia
- Nantong Licheng Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Ziyang Huang
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, China
| | - Yonglian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Linfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luan S, Duan X. A Novel Thermal-Activated β-Galactosidase from Bacillus aryabhattai GEL-09 for Lactose Hydrolysis in Milk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030372. [PMID: 35159524 PMCID: PMC8834341 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Galactosidase has been greatly used in the dairy industry. This study investigated a novel thermostable β-galactosidase (lacZBa) from Bacillus aryabhattai GEL-09 and evaluated the hydrolytic performance of this enzyme. Firstly, the lacZBa-encoding gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that lacZBa belonged to the glycoside hydrolase family 42. Using SDS-PAGE, we determined that the molecular weight of lacZBa was ~75 kDa. Purified lacZBa exhibited a maximum activity at 45 °C, pH 6.0, and could be activated following incubation at 45 °C for several minutes. The half-life of lacZBa at 45 °C and 50 °C was 264 h and 36 h, respectively. While Co2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ enhanced enzymatic activity, Cu2+ and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid inhibited enzymatic activity. Moreover, lacZBa could hydrolyze lactose and oNPG with Km values of 85.09 and 14.38 mM. Molecular docking results revealed that lacZBa efficiently recognized and catalyzed lactose. Additionally, the hydrolysis of lactose by lacZBa was studied in lactose solution and commercial milk. Lactose was completely hydrolyzed within 4 h with 8 U/mL of lacZBa at 45 °C. These results suggested that lacZBa identified in this study has potential applications in the dairy industry.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yan Y, Guan W, Li X, Gao K, Xu X, Liu B, Zhang W, Zhang Y. β-galactosidase GALA from Bacillus circulans with high transgalactosylation activity. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8908-8919. [PMID: 34606421 PMCID: PMC8806947 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1988370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
β-galactosidase catalyzes lactose hydrolysis and transfers reactions to produce prebiotics such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) with potential applications in the food industry and pharmaceuticals. However, there is still a need for improved transgalactosylation activity of β-galactosidases and reaction conditions of GOS production in order to maximize GOS output and reduce production costs. In this study, a β-galactosidase gene, galA, from Bacillus circulans was expressed in Pichia pastoris, which not only hydrolyzed lactose but also had strong transgalactosylation activity to produce GOS. Response surface methodology was adopted to investigate the effects of temperature, enzyme concentration, pH, initial lactose concentration, and reaction time on the production of GOS and optimize the reaction conditions for GOS. The optimal pH for the enzyme was 6.0 and remained stable under neutral and basic conditions. Meanwhile, GALA showed most activity at 50°C and retained considerable activity at a lower temperature 30–40°C, indicating this enzyme could work under mild conditions. The enzyme concentration and temperature were found to be the critical parameters affecting the transgalactosylation activity. Response surface methodology showed that the optimal enzyme concentration, initial lactose concentration, temperature, pH, and reaction time were 3.03 U/mL, 500 g/L, 30°C, 5.08, and 4 h, respectively. Under such conditions, the maximum yield of GOS was 252.8 g/L, accounting for approximately 50.56% of the total sugar. This yield can be considered relatively high compared to those obtained from other sources of β-galactosidases, implying a great potential for GALA in the industrial production and application of GOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Yan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weishi Guan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Kaier Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao X, Liu L, Cui L, Zheng T, Ji B, Liu K. Characterization of two β-galactosidases LacZ and WspA1 from Nostoc flagelliforme with focus on the latter's central active region. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18448. [PMID: 34531460 PMCID: PMC8445988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and characterization of new β-galactosidases will provide diverse candidate enzymes for use in food processing industry. In this study, two β-galactosidases, Nf-LacZ and WspA1, from the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc flagelliforme were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, followed by purification and biochemical characterization. Nf-LacZ was characterized to have an optimum activity at 40 °C and pH 6.5, different from that (45 °C and pH 8.0) of WspA1. Two enzymes had a similar Michaelis constant (Km = 0.5 mmol/liter) against the substrate o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside. Their activities could be inhibited by galactostatin bisulfite, with IC50 values of 0.59 µM for Nf-LacZ and 1.18 µM for WspA1, respectively. Gel filtration analysis suggested that the active form of WspA1 was a dimer, while Nf-LacZ was functional as a larger multimer. WspA1 was further characterized by the truncation test, and its minimum central region was found to be from residues 188 to 301, having both the glycosyl hydrolytic and transgalactosylation activities. Finally, transgenic analysis with the GFP reporter protein found that the N-terminus of WspA1 (35 aa) might play a special role in the export of WspA1 from cells. In summary, this study characterized two cyanobacterial β-galactosidases for potential applications in food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Litao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lijuan Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Boyang Ji
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yi Y, Li J, Zong Z, Liu X, Song H, Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Li Y. Cloning, expression, and characteristic analysis of the novel β-galactosidase from silkworm, Bombyx mori. Genesis 2021; 59:e23446. [PMID: 34449115 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase is a critical exoglycosidase involved in the hydrolysis of lactose, the modification and degradation of glycoprotein in vivo. In this study, the β-galactosidase gene of silkworm (BmGal), whose cDNA comprises 11 exons and contains an intact ORF of 1,821 bp, was cloned. The protein sequence of BmGal showed high similarity with other known insect β-galactosidases. No activity of the BmGal expressed in Escherichia coli or Pichia pastoris was detected while it was successfully expressed with high enzyme activity in baculovirus expression system in silkworm, and the electrophoresis result revealed that the BmGal showed activity in oligomer mode. Enzyme activity assay showed that its optimum pH was 8.4 and its optimum temperature was 40 °C. What is more, we found that iron ions can stimulate the activity of the enzyme while cobalt, nickel, or lead ions can inhibit its activity significantly. Besides, the temporal-spatial transcription pattern of the BmGal mRNA level was analyzed, which showed that BmGal was transcribed at the highest level in the fifth larval instar but relatively low level in the pupal and adult stage, and the highest transcriptional level of BmGal was found in testis among all the tissues concerned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhu Yi
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jialei Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Zong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haozhi Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinü Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li N, Liu Y, Wang C, Weng P, Wu Z, Zhu Y. Overexpression and characterization of a novel GH4 galactosidase with β-galactosidase activity from Bacillus velezensis SW5. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9465-9477. [PMID: 34127264 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel galactosidase gene (gal3149) was identified from Bacillus velezensis SW5 and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The novel galactosidase, Gal3149, encoded by gal3149 in an open reading frame of 1,299 bp, was 433 amino acids in length. Protein sequence analysis showed that Gal3149 belonged to family 4 of glycoside hydrolases (GH4). Gal3149 displayed higher enzyme activity for the substrate 2-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (oNPG) than for 4-nitrophenyl-α-d-galactopyranoside (pNPαG). This is the first time that an enzyme belonging to GH4 has been shown to exhibit β-galactosidase activity. Gal3149 showed optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 50°C, and exhibited excellent thermal stability, with retention of 50% relative activity after incubation at a temperature range of 0 to 50°C for 48 h. Gal3149 activity was significantly improved by K+ and Na+, and was strongly or completely inhibited by Ag+, Zn2+, Tween-80, Cu2+, carboxymethyl cellulose, and oleic acid. The rate of hydrolyzed lactose in 1 mL of milk by 1 U of Gal3149 reached about 50% after incubation for 4 h. These properties lay a solid foundation for Gal3149 in application of the lactose-reduced dairy industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China; Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyu Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifang Weng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zufang Wu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yazhu Zhu
- Zhejiang International Maritime College, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
DeCastro ME, Doane MP, Dinsdale EA, Rodríguez-Belmonte E, González-Siso MI. Exploring the taxonomical and functional profile of As Burgas hot spring focusing on thermostable β-galactosidases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:101. [PMID: 33420292 PMCID: PMC7794327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we investigate the microbial community inhabiting As Burgas geothermal spring, located in Ourense (Galicia, Spain). The approximately 23 Gbp of Illumina sequences generated for each replicate revealed a complex microbial community dominated by Bacteria in which Proteobacteria and Aquificae were the two prevalent phyla. An association between the two most prevalent genera, Thermus and Hydrogenobacter, was suggested by the relationship of their metabolism. The high relative abundance of sequences involved in the Calvin-Benson cycle and the reductive TCA cycle unveils the dominance of an autotrophic population. Important pathways from the nitrogen and sulfur cycle are potentially taking place in As Burgas hot spring. In the assembled reads, two complete ORFs matching GH2 beta-galactosidases were found. To assess their functional characterization, the two ORFs were cloned and overexpressed in E. coli. The pTsbg enzyme had activity towards o-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-fucopyranoside, with high thermal stability and showing maximal activity at 85 °C and pH 6, nevertheless the enzyme failed to hydrolyze lactose. The other enzyme, Tsbg, was unable to hydrolyze even ONPG or lactose. This finding highlights the challenge of finding novel active enzymes based only on their sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María-Eugenia DeCastro
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Michael P Doane
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- Syndey Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Ann Dinsdale
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Belmonte
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Isabel González-Siso
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hamed AA, Khedr M, Abdelraof M. Activation of LacZ gene in Escherichia coli DH5α via α-complementation mechanism for β-galactosidase production and its biochemical characterizations. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:80. [PMID: 33263861 PMCID: PMC7710787 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Plasmid propagation in recombination strains such as Escherichia coli DH5α is regarded as a beneficial instrument for stable amplification of the DNA materials. Here, we show trans-conjugation of pGEM-T cloning vector (modified Promega PCR product cloning vector with tra genes, transposable element (Tn5)) and M13 sequence via α-complementation mechanism in order to activate β-d-galactosidase gene in DH5α strain (non-lactose-fermenting host). Results Trans-conjugation with pGEM-T allows correction of LacZ gene deletion through Tn5, and successful trans-conjugants in DH5α host cells can be able to produce active enzyme, thus described as lactose fermenting strain. The intracellular β-galactosidase was subjected to precipitation by ammonium sulfate and subsequently gel filtration, and the purified enzyme showed a molecular weight of approximately 72-kDa sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme activity showed an optimal pH and temperature of 7.5 and 40 °C, respectively; it had a high stability within pH 6–8.5 and moderate thermal stability up to 50 °C. Conclusion Trans-conjugant of E. coli DH5α- lacZ∆M15 was successfully implemented. UV mutagenesis of the potent trans-conjugant isolate provides an improvement of the enzyme productivity. The enzymatic competitive inhibition by d-galactose and hydrolysis of lactose at ambient temperatures could make this enzyme a promising candidate for use in the dairy industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Hamed
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic engineering and Biotechnology research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khedr
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic engineering and Biotechnology research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang L, Mou Y, Guan B, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zeng J, Ni Y. Genome sequence of the psychrophilic Cryobacterium sp. LW097 and characterization of its four novel cold-adapted β-galactosidases. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2068-2083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
15
|
Dempwolff F, Sanchez S, Kearns DB. Tn FLX: a Third-Generation mariner-Based Transposon System for Bacillus subtilis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e02893-19. [PMID: 32169936 PMCID: PMC7205501 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02893-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Random transposon mutagenesis is a powerful and unbiased genetic approach to answer fundamental biological questions. Here, we introduce an improved mariner-based transposon system with enhanced stability during propagation and versatile applications in mutagenesis. We used a low-copy-number plasmid as a transposon delivery vehicle, which affords a lower frequency of unintended recombination during vector construction and propagation in Escherichia coli We generated a variety of transposons allowing for gene disruption or artificial overexpression, each in combination with one of four different antibiotic resistance markers. In addition, we provide transposons that will report gene/protein expression due to transcriptional or translational coupling. We believe that the TnFLX system will help enhance the flexibility of future transposon modification and application in Bacillus and other organisms.IMPORTANCE The stability of transposase-encoding vectors during cloning and propagation is crucial for the reliable application of transposons. Here, we increased the stability of the mariner delivery vehicle in E. coli Moreover, the TnFLX transposon system will improve the application of forward genetic methods with an increased number of antibiotic resistance markers and the ability to generate unbiased green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions to report on protein translation and subcellular localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Dempwolff
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniel B Kearns
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Farahat MG, Amr D, Galal A. Molecular cloning, structural modeling and characterization of a novel glutaminase-free L-asparaginase from Cobetia amphilecti AMI6. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:685-695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
Yadav A, Kayastha AM. Lens culinaris β-galactosidase (Lsbgal): Insights into its purification, biochemical characterization and trisaccharides synthesis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
18
|
A novel glycoside hydrolase family 42 enzyme with bifunctional β-galactosidase and α-L-arabinopyranosidase activities and its synergistic effects with cognate glycoside hydrolases in plant polysaccharides degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:129-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Ding H, Zhou L, Zeng Q, Yu Y, Chen B. Heterologous Expression of a Thermostable β-1,3-Galactosidase and Its Potential in Synthesis of Galactooligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E415. [PMID: 30380738 PMCID: PMC6267478 DOI: 10.3390/md16110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A thermostable β-1,3-galactosidase from Marinomonas sp. BSi20414 was successfully heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), with optimum over-expression conditions as follows: the recombinant cells were induced by adding 0.1 mM of IPTG to the medium when the OD600 of the culture reached between 0.6 and 0.9, followed by 22 h incubation at 20 °C. The recombinant enzyme β-1,3-galactosidase (rMaBGA) was further purified to electrophoretic purity by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 126.4 U mg-1 at 37 °C using ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside) as a substrate. The optimum temperature and pH of rMaBGA were determined as 60 °C and 6.0, respectively, resembling with its wild-type counterpart, wild type (wt)MaBGA. However, rMaBGA and wtMaBGA displayed different thermal stability and steady-state kinetics, although they share identical primary structures. It is postulated that the stability of the enzyme was altered by heterologous expression with the absence of post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, as well as the steady-state kinetics. To evaluate the potential of the enzyme in synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), the purified recombinant enzyme was employed to catalyze the transgalactosylation reaction at the lab scale. One of the transgalactosylation products was resolved as 3'-galactosyl-lactose, which had been proven to be a better bifidogenic effector than GOS with β-1,4 linkage and β-1,6 linkages. The results indicated that the recombinant enzyme would be a promising alternative for biosynthesis of GOS mainly with β-1,3 linkage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Ding
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Lili Zhou
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Qian Zeng
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Yong Yu
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| |
Collapse
|