1
|
Kutyrieva-Nowak N, Leszczuk A, Ezzat L, Kaloudas D, Zając A, Szymańska-Chargot M, Skrzypek T, Krokida A, Mekkaoui K, Lampropoulou E, Kalaitzis P, Zdunek A. The modified activity of prolyl 4 hydroxylases reveals the effect of arabinogalactan proteins on changes in the cell wall during the tomato ripening process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1365490. [PMID: 38571716 PMCID: PMC10987753 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1365490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are proteoglycans with an unusual molecular structure characterised by the presence of a protein part and carbohydrate chains. Their specific properties at different stages of the fruit ripening programme make AGPs unique markers of this process. An important function of AGPs is to co-form an amorphous extracellular matrix in the cell wall-plasma membrane continuum; thus, changes in the structure of these molecules can determine the presence and distribution of other components. The aim of the current work was to characterise the molecular structure and localisation of AGPs during the fruit ripening process in transgenic lines with silencing and overexpression of SlP4H3 genes (prolyl 4 hydroxylase 3). The objective was accomplished through comprehensive and comparative in situ and ex situ analyses of AGPs from the fruit of transgenic lines and wild-type plants at specific stages of ripening. The experiment showed that changes in prolyl 4 hydroxylases (P4H3) activity affected the content of AGPs and the progress in their modifications in the ongoing ripening process. The analysis of the transgenic lines confirmed the presence of AGPs with high molecular weights (120-60 kDa) at all the examined stages, but a changed pattern of the molecular features of AGPs was found in the last ripening stages, compared to WT. In addition to the AGP molecular changes, morphological modifications of fruit tissue and alterations in the spatio-temporal pattern of AGP distribution at the subcellular level were detected in the transgenic lines with the progression of the ripening process. The work highlights the impact of AGPs and their alterations on the fruit cell wall and changes in AGPs associated with the progression of the ripening process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Leszczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Lamia Ezzat
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kaloudas
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Adrian Zając
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Skrzypek
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Afroditi Krokida
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Khansa Mekkaoui
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Evangelia Lampropoulou
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen WH, Zhou LL, Li XP, Cong RP, Huang QY, Zheng LP, Wang JW. Bamboo polysaccharides elicit hypocrellin A biosynthesis of a bambusicolous fungus Shiraia sp. S9. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:341. [PMID: 37828354 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypocrellin A (HA), a fungal perylenequinone from bambusicolous Shiraia species, is a newly developed photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in cancer and other infectious diseases. The lower yield of HA is an important bottleneck for its biomedical application. This study is the first report of the enhancement of HA production in mycelium culture of Shiraia sp. S9 by the polysaccharides from its host bamboo which serve as a strong elicitor. A purified bamboo polysaccharide (BPSE) with an average molecular weight of 34.2 kDa was found to be the most effective elicitor to enhance fungal HA production and characterized as a polysaccharide fraction mainly composed of arabinose and galactose (53.7: 36.9). When BPSE was added to the culture at 10 mg/L on day 3, the highest HA production of 422.8 mg/L was achieved on day 8, which was about 4.0-fold of the control. BPSE changed the gene expressions mainly responsible for central carbon metabolism and the cellular oxidative stress. The induced generation of H2O2 and nitric oxide was found to be involved in both the permeabilization of cell membrane and HA biosynthesis, leading to enhancements in both intra- and extracellular HA production. Our results indicated the roles of plant polysaccharides in host-fungal interactions and provided a new elicitation technique to improve fungal perylenequinone production in mycelium cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lu Lu Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xin Ping Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Peng Cong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qun Yan Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Li Ping Zheng
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jian Wen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fernandes PAR, Coimbra MA. The antioxidant activity of polysaccharides: A structure-function relationship overview. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120965. [PMID: 37173007 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, polysaccharides have been linked to antioxidant effects using both in vitro chemical and biological models. The reported structures, claimed to act as antioxidants, comprise chitosan, pectic polysaccharides, glucans, mannoproteins, alginates, fucoidans, and many others of all type of biological sources. The structural features linked to the antioxidant action include the polysaccharide charge, molecular weight, and the occurrence of non-carbohydrate substituents. The establishment of structure/function relationships can be, however, biased by secondary phenomena that tailor polysaccharides behavior in antioxidant systems. In this sense, this review confronts some basic concepts of polysaccharides chemistry with the current claim of carbohydrates as antioxidants. It critically discusses how the fine structure and properties of polysaccharides can define polysaccharides as antioxidants. Polysaccharides antioxidant action is highly dependent on their solubility, sugar ring structure, molecular weight, occurrence of positive or negatively charged groups, protein moieties and covalently linked phenolic compounds. However, the occurrence of phenolic compounds and protein as contaminants leads to misleading results in methodologies often used for screening and characterization purposes, as well as in vivo models. Despite falling in the concept of antioxidants, the role of polysaccharides must be well defined according with the matrices where they are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A R Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Nashar M, Roussev B, Salim A, Hristova M, Olczyk P, Komosinska-Vassev K, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Galunska B, Ivanova D. Sambucus ebulus (Elderberry) Fruits Modulate Inflammation and Complement System Activity in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108714. [PMID: 37240060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sambucus ebulus (SE) fruits are used for immune stimulation and amelioration of gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions. Currently, there is no scientific evidence of their effects on various aspects of the immune response mechanisms in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of SE fruit infusion intake in healthy humans. Anthocyanin content was determined with UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Fifty-three volunteers enrolled in a 4-week SE infusion intake intervention. Blood count, serum total protein, Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα), High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), C3, and C4 levels were measured on automatic analyzers, and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) was measured manually with an ELISA kit. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (48.15 mg/g DW), followed by cyaniding-3-sambubioside (43.41 ± 1.07 mg/g DW), were the most abundant anthocyanins in SE samples. A significant decrease in total protein (2.82%), IL-6 (20.15%), TNFα (5.38%), IL-8 (5.50%), C3 (4.16%), and C4 (14.29%) was established in the whole group. Total protein, IL-8, TNFα, and C4 decreased in women (3.11%, 4.76%, 5.09%, and 11.11%), and IL-6 decreased (40.61%) in men. Hb (1.20%) and hematocrit (1.55%) levels decreased in the whole group and in the women group (1.61% and 2.20%). SE fruits exert immune-modulatory activity as revealed by decreased pro-inflammatory status and complement activity markers in healthy volunteers after a 4-week intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Milka Nashar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Bogdan Roussev
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Ayshe Salim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Minka Hristova
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Pawel Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilian Badjakov
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bistra Galunska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghosh K, Takahashi D, Kotake T. Plant type II arabinogalactan: Structural features and modification to increase functionality. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108828. [PMID: 37182471 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Type II arabinogalactans (AGs) are a highly diverse class of plant polysaccharides generally encountered as the carbohydrate moieties of certain extracellular proteoglycans, the so-called arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), which are found on plasma membranes and in cell walls. The basic structure of type II AG is a 1,3-β-D-galactan main chain with 1,6-β-D-galactan side chains. The side chains are further decorated with other sugars such as α-l-arabinose and β-d-glucuronic acid. In addition, AGs with 1,6-β-D-galactan as the main chain, which are designated as 'type II related AG' in this review, can also be found in several plants. Due to their diverse and heterogenous features, the determination of carbohydrate structures of type II and type II related AGs is not easy. On the other hand, these complex AGs are scientifically and commercially attractive materials whose structures can be modified by chemical and biochemical approaches for specific purposes. In the current review, what is known about the chemical structures of type II and type II related AGs from different plant sources is outlined. After that, structural analysis techniques are considered and compared. Finally, structural modifications that enhance or alter functionality are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Bidhan Chandra College, Asansol, 713304, West Bengal, India.
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan; Green Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Impact of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Avocado Leaf Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020298. [PMID: 36829856 PMCID: PMC9952674 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing global consumption of avocados, associated with contents including bioactive compounds with numerous health-promoting properties, is producing a large amount of agro wastes around the world. Different management approaches are available for the recovery of bioactive compounds from wastes as potential ingredients for use in the production of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Lactic acid fermentation can be used to exploit nutritional potential and add value to agro wastes. In this study, fermentations with lactic acid bacteria were carried out in avocado leaves, and the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity were determined by DPPH and FRAP assays from hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from fermented avocado leaves. Fifteen new phenolic compounds were identified for the first time in avocado leaves by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. L. plantarum CECT 748T and P. pentosaceus CECT 4695T showed the highest antioxidant activity. The sum of phenolic compounds was increased by 71, 62, 55 and 21% in fermentations with P. pentosaceus CECT 4695T, L. brevis CECT 5354, P. acidilactici CECT 5765T and L. plantarum CECT 9567, respectively, while it was reduced in the fermentation with L. plantarum 748T by 21% as demonstrated by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. Biotransformations induced by bacterial metabolism modified the phenolic compound profile of avocado leaves in a strain-specific-dependent manner. P. pentosaceus CECT 4695T significantly increased kaempferol, P. pentosaceus 4695T, L. brevis 5354 and L. plantarum 9567 increased rutin, and dihydro-p-coumaric acid was increased by the five selected lactic acid bacteria. Total flavonoids were highly increased after fermentations with the five selected lactic acid bacteria but flavonoid glucosides were decreased by L. plantarum 748T, which was related to its higher antioxidant activity. Our results suggest that lactic acid bacteria led the hydrolysis of compounds by enzymatic activity such as glycosidases or decarboxylase and the release of phenolics bound to the plant cell wall, thus improving their bioavailability.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hamed M, Coelho E, Bastos R, Evtuguin DV, Ferreira SS, Lima T, Vilanova M, Sila A, Coimbra MA, Bougatef A. Isolation and identification of an arabinogalactan extracted from pistachio external hull: Assessment of immunostimulatory activity. Food Chem 2022; 373:131416. [PMID: 34717082 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This work studies the extraction and purification of a novel arabinogalactan from pistachio external hull. It was extracted with a simple method from pistachio hull which is considered as unexploited waste. Based on the results of sugar analysis by GC-FID, glycosidic linkage by GC-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and molecular weight by Size Exclusion Chromatography, pistachio hull water soluble polysaccharides (PHWSP) were identified as a type II arabinogalactan (AG), with characteristic terminally linked α-Araf, (α1 → 5)-Araf, (α1 → 3,5)-Araf, terminally linked β-Galp, (β1 → 6)-Galp, and (β1 → 3,6)-Galp. DEPT-135, HSQC, HMBC and COSY NMR data suggested the presence of (β1 → 3)-Galp mainly branched at O-6 with (β1 → 6)-Galp chains, α-Araf chains, and terminally linked α-Araf. These AG from pistachio external hulls showed in vitro stimulatory activity for B cells, suggesting their possible use as an immunological stimulant in nutraceutical and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Hamed
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Elisabete Coelho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia S Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Lima
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal, Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de CiênciasBiomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Assaad Sila
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa University, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ali Bougatef
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang M, Yu W, Shen L, Zheng H, Guo X, Zhong J, Hu T. Conjugation of haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA with arabinogalactan to increase its stability. J Biotechnol 2021; 335:47-54. [PMID: 34118331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA can catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of carbonhalogen bonds, along with production of the corresponding alcohol, a proton and a halide. However, DhaA suffers from poor environmental tolerance, such as sensitivity to high temperature, low pH and hypersaline. Arabinogalactan (AG) is a hydrophilic polysaccharide with highly branched long chains. DhaA was conjugated with AG to improve the environmental stability of DhaA in the present study. Each DhaA was averagely conjugated with 4∼5 AG molecules. Conjugation of AG essentially maintained the enzymatic activity of DhaA (91.4 %) without apparent structural alteration. The hydration layer formed by AG could reduce the solvent accessible area of DhaA and slow the protonation process, thereby improving the pH and high salt stability of DhaA. In particular, the remaining activities of the conjugate (AG-DhaA) were 35.3 % after treatment at pH4.0 for 1 h, and 80.8 % in 1 M NaCl after treatment for 16 h. As compared with DhaA, AG-DhaA showed slightly different kinetic parameters (K M of 1.90 μmol/L and k cat of 2.60 s -1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Weili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - He Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 102205, China.
| | - Jinyi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 102205, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saeidy S, Petera B, Pierre G, Fenoradosoa TA, Djomdi D, Michaud P, Delattre C. Plants arabinogalactans: From structures to physico-chemical and biological properties. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107771. [PMID: 33992708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactans (AGs) are plant heteropolysaccharides with complex structures occasionally attached to proteins (AGPs). AGs in cell matrix of different parts of plant are freely available or chemically bound to pectin rhamnogalactan. Type I with predominantly β-d-(1 → 4)-galactan and type II with β-d-(1 → 3) and/or (1 → 6)-galactan structural backbones construct the two main groups of AGs. In the current review, the chemical structure of AGs is firstly discussed focusing on non-traditional plant sources and not including well known industrial gums. After that, processes for their extraction and purification are considered and finally their techno-functional and biological properties are highlighted. The role of AG structure and function on health advantages such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-ulcer- anti-diabetic and other activites and also the immunomodulatory effects on in-vivo model systems are overviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Saeidy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - B Petera
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Antsiranana, BP O 201 Antsiranana, Madagascar; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - T A Fenoradosoa
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Antsiranana, BP O 201 Antsiranana, Madagascar
| | - Djomdi Djomdi
- Department of Renewable Energy, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Cameroon
| | - P Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - C Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Antibacterial Potential by Rupture Membrane and Antioxidant Capacity of Purified Phenolic Fractions of Persea americana Leaf Extract. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050508. [PMID: 33946930 PMCID: PMC8146011 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research focused on evaluating the antibacterial effect and the mechanism of action of partially purified fractions of an extract of Persea americana. Furthermore, both its antioxidant capacity and composition were evaluated. The extract was fractionated by vacuum liquid chromatography. The antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), and Salmonella choleraesuis (ATCC 1070) was analyzed by microdilution and the mechanism of action by the Sytox green method. The antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS techniques and the composition by Rp-HPLC-MS. All fractions showed a concentration-dependent antibacterial effect. Fractions F3, F4, and F5 (1000 µg/mL) showed a better antibacterial effect than the extract against the bacteria mentioned. The F3 fraction showed inhibition of 95.43 ± 3.04% on S. aureus, F4 showed 93.30 ± 0.52% on E. coli, and F5 showed 88.63 ± 1.15% on S. choleraesuis and 86.46 ± 3.20% on P. aeruginosa. The most susceptible strain to the treatment with the extract was S. aureus. Therefore, in this strain, the bacterial membrane damage induced by the extract and fractions was evidenced by light fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, the extract had better antioxidant action than each fraction. Finally, sinensitin was detected in F3 and cinnamoyl glucose, caffeoyl tartaric acid, and cyanidin 3-O-(6′′-malonyl-3′′-glucosyl-glucoside) were detected in F4; esculin and kaempferide, detected in F5, could be associated with the antibacterial and antioxidant effect.
Collapse
|
11
|
Trandel MA, Johanningsmeier S, Schultheis J, Gunter C, Perkins-Veazie P. Cell Wall Polysaccharide Composition of Grafted 'Liberty' Watermelon With Reduced Incidence of Hollow Heart Defect. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:623723. [PMID: 33747004 PMCID: PMC7970038 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.623723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grafting watermelon scions to interspecific squash hybrids has been found to increase fruit firmness. Triploid (seedless) watermelon are prone to hollow heart (HH), an internal fruit disorder characterized by a crack in the placental tissue expanding to a cavity. Although watermelon with lower tissue firmness tend to have a higher HH incidence, associated differences in cell wall polysaccharide composition are unknown. Grafting "Liberty" watermelon to "Carnivor" (interspecific hybrid rootstock, C. moschata × C. maxima) reduced HH 39% and increased tissue firmness by 3 N. Fruit with and without severe HH from both grafted and non-grafted plants were analyzed to determine differences in cell wall polysaccharides associated with grafting and HH. Alcohol insoluble residues (AIR) were sequentially extracted from placental tissue to yield water soluble (WSF), carbonate soluble (CSF), alkali soluble (ASF), or unextractable (UNX) pectic fractions. The CSF was lower in fruit with HH (24.5%) compared to those without HH (27.1%). AIRs were also reduced, hydrolyzed, and acetylated for GC-MS analysis of monosaccharide composition, and a portion of each AIR was methylated prior to hydrolysis and acetylation to produce partially methylated alditol acetates for polysaccharide linkage assembly. No differences in degree of methylation or galacturonic and glucuronic acid concentrations were found. Glucose and galactose were in highest abundance at 75.9 and 82.4 μg⋅mg-1 AIR, respectively, followed by xylose and arabinose (29.3 and 22.0 μg⋅mg-1). Mannose was higher in fruit with HH (p < 0.05) and xylose was highest in fruit from grafted plants (p < 0.05). Mannose is primarily found in heteromannan and rhamnogalacturonan I side chains, while xylose is found in xylogalacturonan or heteroxylan. In watermelon, 34 carbohydrate linkages were identified with galactose, glucose, and arabinose linkages in highest abundance. This represents the most comprehensive polysaccharide linkage analysis to date for watermelon, including the identification of several new linkages. However, total pectin and cell wall composition data could not explain the increased tissue firmness observed in fruit from grafted plants. Nonetheless, grafting onto the interspecific hybrid rootstock decreased the incidence of HH and can be a useful method for growers using HH susceptible cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlee A. Trandel
- Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Suzanne Johanningsmeier
- United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Food Science Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jonathan Schultheis
- Vegetable Extension, Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Chris Gunter
- Vegetable Extension, Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Penelope Perkins-Veazie
- Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Che-Galicia G, Váquiro-Herrera HA, Sampieri Á, Corona-Jiménez E. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill. var. Drymifolia): optimization and modeling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUltrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed to extract the total phenolic compounds from avocado (Persea americana Mill. var. Drymifolia; Lauraceae) leaves with different electric powers (UAE 0%, UAE 60%, and UAE 100%) and extraction times. Ultrasonic extraction parameters were optimized by using a mathematical model made by stepwise regression (SWR) for the determination of the maximum total phenolic content (TPC) and their antioxidant activity. Moreover, TPC extraction was modeled applying heterogeneous models to elucidate the involved mechanisms phenomena that determine the extraction rates. Optimization results found that the maximum value of TPC reached 48,732 mg GAE/100 g D.M. at 84.5% electric power and 29.7 min of extraction, which was superior to 0% electric power UAE. It was also found that the ultrasound causes the degradation of phenolic compounds, whereas the final extraction yield of TPC increases and their antioxidant activity decreased with the increase of ultrasound electric power. Proposed models gave a satisfactory quality of fit data using a second-order reaction for the degradation kinetics of TPC under ultrasound application. The estimated effective diffusivity values were in a range from 1.3889 × 10−11 m2/s to 2.2128 × 10−11 m2/s for the UAE 0% and UAE 100%, respectively. UAE significantly increased the extraction yield through the enhancement of the effective diffusivity, demonstrating that it is a promising technology to extract phenolic substances from avocado leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamaliel Che-Galicia
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Henry A. Váquiro-Herrera
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad del Tolima, Barrio Santa Helena, A.A. 546, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Sampieri
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Edith Corona-Jiménez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Medicinal plants used by traditional medicine practitioners to boost the immune system in people living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
14
|
Qi F, Qi J, Hu C, Shen L, Yu W, Hu T. Conjugation of staphylokinase with the arabinogalactan-PEG conjugate: Study on the immunogenicity, in vitro bioactivity and pharmacokinetics. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:896-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|