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Ren F, Yang M, Liu G, Qi Y, Li A, Li J, Zheng L. SIRT5-mediated PRKAA2 succinylation ameliorates apoptosis of human placental trophoblasts in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy. Clin Exp Hypertens 2024; 46:2358030. [PMID: 38785262 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2024.2358030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) is a serious clinical disorder syndrome during pregnancy. This study aims at finding novel targets for HDCP therapy. METHODS HDCP-related mRNAs were firstly screened out and subjected to gene enrichment analysis. We chose protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 (PRKAA2) as the research object. Thirty-nine HDCP patients at 32 to 40 weeks of gestation were selected as the HDCP group, and 39 normal controls who received cesarean section delivery at 37-42 weeks of pregnancy were enrolled in this study. Chorionic villi samples were collected within 30 min of delivery. The apoptosis of isolated placental trophoblasts was monitored to investigate the regulatory role of PRKAA2. RESULTS PRKAA2 expression was further proven to be enhanced in the placental tissues of HDCP patients compared with that of normal puerpera. Subsequently, the results of flow cytometry analysis and western blot indicated that PRKAA2 overexpression accelerated primary placental cell apoptosis, while its knockdown attenuated cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, we determined that the level of PRKAA2 succinylation was elevated in the placental tissue of HDCP patients. Through in vitro succinylation assay and mutagenesis, we confirmed that sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) interacts with PRKAA2 at K69 and K260 to induce PRKAA2 desuccinylation. SIRT5 regulated primary HDCP cell apoptosis through PRKAA2. Finally, the animal study revealed that PRKAA2 elevates the systolic blood pressure of HDCP rat model. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that SIRT5-mediated PRKAA2 succinylation modulates placental cell apoptosis in HDCP, suggesting that PRKAA2 is a potential therapeutic target for HDCP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ren
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Guangman Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuyan Qi
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Aijie Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
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Dai Y, Sang XB, Bai WP. N-acetylcysteine and Hydroxychloroquine Ameliorate ADMA-Induced Fetal Growth Restriction in Mice via Regulating Oxidative Stress and Autophagy. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:779-790. [PMID: 37845590 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) seriously threatens perinatal health. The main cause of FGR is placental malperfusion, but the specific mechanism is still unclear, and there is no effective treatment for FGR. We constructed a FGR mouse model by adding exogenous asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) through in vivo experiments and found that ADMA could cause placental dysplasia and induce the occurrence of FGR. Compared with the control group, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the placenta was increased in mice with FGR, and the expression of autophagy-related proteins p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, and P62 was significantly decreased, while the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II was significantly increased in the FGR group. Furthermore, ADMA had a favorable effect in promoting the formation of autophagosomes. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improved ADMA-induced disorders of placental development and alleviated ADMA-induced FGR. This study found that ADMA could cause excessive autophagy of trophoblasts by increasing the level of oxidative stress, ultimately leading to the occurrence of FGR, and HCQ and NAC had therapeutic effects on ADMA-induced FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dai
- The Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Bo Sang
- The Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Pei Bai
- The Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Zhu L, Chen S, Dai X. CTRP9 alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced human placental vascular endothelial cells impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction through activating AMPK/Nrf2 signaling. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102217. [PMID: 37774521 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is associated with significant maternal and fetal mortality. The present study is aimed at exploring the molecular mechanism of C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9) in PIH. METHODS Human placental vascular endothelial cells (HPVECs) underwent hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to construct an in vitro PIH cellular model. Cell transfection was conducted to over-express CTRP9. The expression level of CTRP9 was determined by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound-healing and tube formation assays were conducted to assess cell viability, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm) was evaluated adopting JC-1 staining. Mitochondrial ROS and copy number (mtDNA) were examined using superoxide indicator and real-time PCR, respectively. Then, HPVECs were pre-treated with Compound C (CC), the inhibitor of AMPK, for regulatory mechanism research. RESULTS CTRP9 was downregulated in HPVECs exposed to H/R induction. CTRP9 overexpression retards H/R-mediated cell viability loss and apoptosis, impaired migration and angiogenesis of HPVECs. Meanwhile, CTRP9 overexpression alleviates H/R-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in HPVECs by enhancing mitochondrial ∆ψm, reducing mitochondrial ROS generation and increasing mtDNA copies. In addition, CTRP9 activated AMPK/Nrf2 signaling in H/R-mediated HPVECs, and additional treatment of CC greatly weakened the functional effects of CTRP9 in H/R-mediated HPVECs. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that CTRP9 protected against H/R-mediated HPVECs injuries dependent on AMPK/Nrf2 signaling and could be applied as a potential therapy for PIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Nursing, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264199, China
| | - Shaolei Chen
- Department of Nursing, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264199, China
| | - Xulei Dai
- Department of Medical Technology, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, China.
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Kouroumalis E, Tsomidis I, Voumvouraki A. Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Interplay of Apoptosis and Autophagy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041166. [PMID: 37189787 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multifactorial process that has not yet been fully investigated. Autophagy and apoptosis are two important cellular pathways that are critical for cell survival or death. The balance between apoptosis and autophagy regulates liver cell turnover and maintains intracellular homeostasis. However, the balance is often dysregulated in many cancers, including HCC. Autophagy and apoptosis pathways may be either independent or parallel or one may influence the other. Autophagy may either inhibit or promote apoptosis, thus regulating the fate of the liver cancer cells. In this review, a concise overview of the pathogenesis of HCC is presented, with emphasis on new developments, including the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress, the implication of microRNAs and the role of gut microbiota. The characteristics of HCC associated with a specific liver disease are also described and a brief description of autophagy and apoptosis is provided. The role of autophagy and apoptosis in the initiation, progress and metastatic potential is reviewed and the experimental evidence indicating an interplay between the two is extensively analyzed. The role of ferroptosis, a recently described specific pathway of regulated cell death, is presented. Finally, the potential therapeutic implications of autophagy and apoptosis in drug resistance are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Department of Gastroenterology, PAGNI University Hospital, University of Crete School of Medicine, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Crete Medical School, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsomidis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Crete Medical School, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Argyro Voumvouraki
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
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Zhang Y, Ma L, Lu E, Huang W. Atorvastatin Upregulates microRNA-186 and Inhibits the TLR4-Mediated MAPKs/NF-κB Pathway to Relieve Steroid-Induced Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:583975. [PMID: 33995003 PMCID: PMC8115218 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.583975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is caused by the death of active components of the femoral head owing to hormone overdoses. The use of lipid-lowering drugs to prevent SANFH in animals inspired us to identify the mechanisms involving Atorvastatin (Ato) in SANFH. However, it is still not well understood how and to what extent Ato affects SANFH. This study aimed to figure out the efficacy of Ato in SANFH and the underlying molecular mechanisms. After establishment of the SANFH model, histological evaluation, lipid metabolism, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy of the femoral head were evaluated. The differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) after Ato treatment were screened out using microarray analysis. The downstream gene and pathway of miR-186 were predicted and their involvement in SANFH rats was analyzed. OB-6 cells were selected to simulate SANFH in vitro. Cell viability, cell damage, inflammation responses, apoptosis, and autophagy were assessed. Ato alleviated SANFH, inhibited apoptosis, and promoted autophagy. miR-186 was significantly upregulated after Ato treatment. miR-186 targeted TLR4 and inactivated the MAPKs/NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of miR-186 reversed the protection of Ato on SANFH rats, while inhibition of TLR4 restored the protective effect of Ato. Ato reduced apoptosis and promoted autophagy of OB-6 cells by upregulating miR-186 and inhibiting the TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, Ato reduced apoptosis and promoted autophagy, thus alleviating SANFH via miR-186 and the TLR4-mediated MAPKs/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhui People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Jiangmen, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhui People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Jiangmen, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erhai Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhui People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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6
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Carvajal L, Gutiérrez J, Morselli E, Leiva A. Autophagy Process in Trophoblast Cells Invasion and Differentiation: Similitude and Differences With Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637594. [PMID: 33937039 PMCID: PMC8082112 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early human placental development begins with blastocyst implantation, then the trophoblast differentiates and originates the cells required for a proper fetal nutrition and placental implantation. Among them, extravillous trophoblast corresponds to a non-proliferating trophoblast highly invasive that allows the vascular remodeling which is essential for appropriate placental perfusion and to maintain the adequate fetal growth. This process involves different placental cell types as well as molecules that allow cell growth, cellular adhesion, tissular remodeling, and immune tolerance. Remarkably, some of the cellular processes required for proper placentation are common between placental and cancer cells to finally support tumor growth. Indeed, as in placentation trophoblasts invade and migrate, cancer cells invade and migrate to promote tumor metastasis. However, while these processes respond to a controlled program in trophoblasts, in cancer cells this regulation is lost. Interestingly, it has been shown that autophagy, a process responsible for the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis, is required for invasion of trophoblast cells and for vascular remodeling during placentation. In cancer cells, autophagy has a dual role, as it has been shown both as tumor promoter and inhibitor, depending on the stage and tumor considered. In this review, we summarized the similarities and differences between trophoblast cell invasion and cancer cell metastasis specifically evaluating the role of autophagy in both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Carvajal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
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Dai Y, Li TH, He X, Yan SB, Gao Y, Chen Y. The Effect and Mechanism of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Regulating Trophoblastic Autophagy on Fetal Growth Restriction. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2012-2022. [PMID: 33428125 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is an important cause of perinatal death and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is associated with FGR, but the mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we determined the levels of ADMA and autophagy-related molecules in human blood samples and placental tissues. And we also used the human chorionic carcinoma cell line BeWo to investigate the mechanism of ADMA-induced FGR in vitro. Compared with the control group, ADMA levels in maternal blood and placenta were increased in patients with FGR, and the birth weight (BW) percentile was negatively correlated with maternal serum ADMA concentration in the FGR group. The expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the placenta of the FGR group was lower than the control group, while the expression of Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II)/LC3-I was significantly increased in the FGR group. And the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was decreased in the placenta of patients with FGR. In in vitro cell experiments, compared with the control group, the expression of mTOR and MMP9 in BeWo cells was decreased and the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I was increased in the ADMA-treated group. Moreover, ADMA had favorable effects on the formation of autophagic vacuoles, and the autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) could reduce the autophagy-induction effect of ADMA on BeWo cells. This study found that ADMA could participate in the occurrence of FGR through inducing autophagy in trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dai
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Tian-He Li
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Xin He
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Song-Biao Yan
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
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8
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Osazuwa-Peters OL, Waken RJ, Schwander KL, Sung YJ, de Vries PS, Hartz SM, Chasman DI, Morrison AC, Bierut LJ, Xiong C, de Las Fuentes L, Rao DC. Identifying blood pressure loci whose effects are modulated by multiple lifestyle exposures. Genet Epidemiol 2020; 44:629-641. [PMID: 32227373 PMCID: PMC7717887 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple lifestyle exposures simultaneously impact blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular health, most analysis so far has considered each single lifestyle exposure (e.g., smoking) at a time. Here, we exploit gene-multiple lifestyle exposure interactions to find novel BP loci. For each of 6,254 Framingham Heart Study participants, we computed lifestyle risk score (LRS) value by aggregating the risk of four lifestyle exposures (smoking, alcohol, education, and physical activity) on BP. Using the LRS, we performed genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis in systolic and diastolic BP using the joint 2 degree of freedom (DF) and 1 DF interaction tests. We identified one genome-wide significant (p < 5 × 10-8 ) and 11 suggestive (p < 1 × 10-6 ) loci. Gene-environment analysis using single lifestyle exposures identified only one of the 12 loci. Nine of the 12 BP loci detected were novel. Loci detected by the LRS were located within or nearby genes with biologically plausible roles in the pathophysiology of hypertension, including KALRN, VIPR2, SNX1, and DAPK2. Our results suggest that simultaneous consideration of multiple lifestyle exposures in gene-environment interaction analysis can identify additional loci missed by single lifestyle approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R J Waken
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Karen L Schwander
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah M Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lisa de Las Fuentes
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Park KM, Lee HJ, Koo KT, Ben Amara H, Leesungbok R, Noh K, Lee SC, Lee SW. Oral Soft Tissue Regeneration Using Nano Controlled System Inducing Sequential Release of Trichloroacetic Acid and Epidermal Growth Factor. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:91-103. [PMID: 31970697 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of nano controlled sequential release of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the oral soft tissue regeneration was determined. METHODS Hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan (HGC) nano controlled system was developed for the sequential release of TCA and EGF, and the release pattern was identified. The HGC-based nano controlled release system was injected into the critical-sized defects created in beagles' palatal soft tissues. The palatal impression and its scanned body was obtained on various time points post-injection, and the volumetric amount of soft tissue regeneration was compared among the three groups: CON (natural regeneration control group), EXP1 (TCA-loaded nano controlled release system group), EXP2 (TCA and EGF individually loaded nano controlled release system). DNA microarray analysis was performed and various soft tissue regeneration parameters in histopathological specimens were measured. RESULTS TCA release was highest at Day 1 whereas EGF release was highest at Day 2 and remained high until Day 3. In the volumetric measurements of impression body scans, no significant difference in soft tissue regeneration between the three groups was shown in two-way ANOVA. However, in the one-way ANOVA at Day 14, EXP2 showed a significant increase in soft tissue regeneration compared to CON. High correlation was determined between the histopathological results of each group. DNA microarray showed up-regulation of various genes and related cell signaling pathways in EXP2 compared to CON. CONCLUSION HGC-based nano controlled release system for sequential release of TCA and EGF can promote regeneration of oral soft tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Man Park
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jae Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Koo
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute Translational Research Laboratory for Tissue Engineering (TTE), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Heithem Ben Amara
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute Translational Research Laboratory for Tissue Engineering (TTE), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard Leesungbok
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwantae Noh
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheon Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk Won Lee
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
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