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Gao Y, Wang Y, Hu L, Wang N, Cui F, Ying S, Hu F. Research on the brewing technology of Dangshen Huangjiu with low biogenic amines and high functional factors. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6330-6341. [PMID: 38563388 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biogenic amines (BA) are hazardous components in Huangjiu (HJ). To ensure the quality of Dangshen Huangjiu (DSHJ), an orthogonal experiment L9 (33) was proposed to optimize the process by the main brewing factors (pre-fermentation temperature, pre- and post-fermentation time) that may affect BA and functional factors in DSHJ. DSHJ was produced with low BA content and high functional factors. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry combined with a multivariate statistical method (GC-IMS-MSM) was used to analyze the volatile components in the brewing process of DSHJ. RESULTS The optimum brewing process parameters of DSHJ were as follows: pre-fermentation temperature, 28 °C; pre-fermentation time, 9 days; post-fermentation time, 18 days. The average content of BA in DSHJ was 33.12 mg L-1, and the sensory score, total phenol content and DPPH free radical scavenging rate of DSHJ were significantly higher than those of HJ. A total of 14 esters, 7 acids, 7 alcohols, 1 ketone, 5 aldehydes and 1 pyrazine in DSHJ and HJ were identified by GC-IMS. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in DSHJ and HJ in the soaking rice and saccharification stage. 11 components, such as ethyl acetate, and 12 components, such as acetic acid, were the different components of HJ and DSHJ in pre-fermentation and post-fermentation stages, respectively. In the post-fermentation stage, the contents of 8 components in DSHJ such as ethyl acetate were higher than in HJ. CONCLUSION The preparation process parameters of DSHJ optimized by orthogonal experiments can ensure that DSHJ has the advantages of low BA content, high total phenol content and good antioxidant activity. Sensory score and GC-IMS-MSM analysis found that DSHJ prepared using the optimal process had the characteristics of good taste and rich aroma. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Codonopsis pilosula Industry Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Codonopsis pilosula Industry Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linhai Hu
- Jiayuguan First People's Hospital, Jiayuguan, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Codonopsis pilosula Industry Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Codonopsis pilosula Industry Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Codonopsis pilosula Industry Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, China
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Chu R, Zhou Y, Ye C, Pan R, Tan X. Advancements in the investigation of chemical components and pharmacological properties of Codonopsis: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38632. [PMID: 38941387 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Codonopsis (Campanulaceae) have a long history of application, acclaimed for its edible and therapeutic attributes. Scholarly inquiries into Codonopsis span botany, phytochemistry, quality assurance, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity, revealing a rich and comprehensive body of knowledge. This study synthesizes information from esteemed scientific databases like SciFinder, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese herbal classics to create a thorough scientific conceptual and theoretical framework for Codonopsis research. In this article, the phytochemical composition includes saccharides, polyacetylenes, polyenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, terpenoids, and organic acids was summarized. To date, over 350 monomeric compounds have been isolated and identified from Codonopsis, with recent studies primarily focusing on polysaccharides, aromatic derivatives, lignans, and polyacetylenes. Codonopsis exhibits broad pharmacological activities across various systems, including immune, blood, cardiovascular, central nervous, and digestive systems, with no significant toxicity or adverse effects reported. The existing research, focusing on various extracts and active parts without identifying specific active molecules, complicates the understanding of the mechanisms of action. There is an urgent need to advance research on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects to fully elucidate its pharmacodynamic properties and the basis of its material composition. Such efforts are crucial for the rational development, utilization, and clinical application of this herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chu
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiquan Zhou
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenjuan Ye
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
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3
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Liang W, Sun J, Bai G, Qiu D, Li Q, Dong P, Chen Y, Guo F. Codonopsis radix: a review of resource utilisation, postharvest processing, quality assessment, and its polysaccharide composition. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366556. [PMID: 38746010 PMCID: PMC11091420 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis radix is the dried root of C. pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., C. pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen, or C. tangshen Oliv., constitutes a botanical medicine with a profound historical lineage. It encompasses an array of bioactive constituents, including polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and polysaccharides, conferring upon it substantial medicinal and edible values. Consequently, it has garnered widespread attention from numerous scholars. In recent years, driven by advancements in modern traditional Chinese medicine, considerable strides have been taken in exploring resources utilization, traditional processing, quality evaluation and polysaccharide research of Codonopsis radix. However, there is a lack of systematic and comprehensive reporting on these research results. This paper provides a summary of recent advances in Codonopsis research, identifies existing issues in Codonopsis studies, and offers insights into future research directions. The aim is to provide insights and literature support for forthcoming investigations into Codonopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Daiyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengbin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Wang D, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Yang L, Lou C. Recent advances in natural polysaccharides against hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126766. [PMID: 37689300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor of the digestive system that poses a serious threat to human life and health. Chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used in the clinic have limited efficacy and heavy adverse effects. Therefore, it is imperative to find effective and safe alternatives, and natural polysaccharides (NPs) fit the bill. This paper summarizes in detail the anti-HCC activity of NPs in vitro, animal and clinical trials. Furthermore, the addition of NPs can reduce the deleterious effects of chemotherapeutic drugs such as immunotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, oxidative stress, etc. The potential mechanisms are related to induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, block of angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, stimulation of immune activity and targeting of MircoRNA. And on this basis, we further elucidate that the anti-HCC activity may be related to the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight (Mw), conformational features and structural modifications of NPs. In addition, due to its good physicochemical properties, it is widely used as a drug carrier in the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and small molecule components. This review provides a favorable theoretical basis for the application of the anti-HCC activity of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhen Wang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhengfeng Zhang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - ChangJie Lou
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
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Wang Z, Jia Y, Li P, Tang Z, Guo Y, Wen L, Yu H, Cui F, Hu F. Study on environmental factors affecting the quality of codonopsis radix based on MaxEnt model and all-in-one functional factor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20726. [PMID: 38007505 PMCID: PMC10676394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the increasing market demand of Codonopsis Radix, the cropper blindly cultivates to expand planting area for economic benefits, which seriously affects the quality of Codonopsis Radix. Therefore, this study synthesized 207 batches of Codonopsis Radix and 115 ecological factors, and analyzed the suitable planting areas of Codonopsis pilosula under current and future climate change based on Geographic Information System (GIS) and MaxEnt model. Secondly, we evaluated the quality of Codonopsis Radix based on the all-in-one functional factor including chromatographic fingerprint, the index components, the effective compounds groups, the nutritional components, and the nutritional elements, and the quality regionalization of Codonopsis Radix was analyzed. Finally, the ecological factors affecting the accumulation of effective components of Codonopsis Radix were analyzed. This study found for the first time that the highly suitable area of Codonopsis pilosula was mainly distributed in the Weihe River system and the Bailongjiang River system in Gansu Province. There were differences in the quality of Codonopsis Radix from different ecologically suitable areas based on the all-in-one functional factors, and the comprehensive high-quality area of Codonopsis Radix was mainly distributed in Longnan and Longxi district of Gansu Province. The precipitation, temperature and altitude play a key role in the accumulation of chemical components in the 10 ecological factors affecting the distribution of Codonopsis pilosula. Under future climatic conditions, the highly suitable area of Codonopsis pilosula is decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pengpeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhuoshi Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yina Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Longxia Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huaqiao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fang Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Codonopsis Radix Research Institute, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Codonopsis Radix Industrial Technology Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Codonopsis Radix Research Institute, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
- Codonopsis Radix Industrial Technology Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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Chen GQ, Nan Y, Huang SC, Ning N, Du YH, Lu DD, Yang YT, Meng FD, Yuan L. Research progress of ginger in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1835-1851. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i11.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer seriously endangers human health. Gastrointestinal cancer is the most common and major malignant tumor, and its morbidity and mortality are gradually increasing. Although there are effective treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy for gastrointestinal tumors, they are often accompanied by serious side effects. According to the traditional Chinese medicine and food homology theory, many materials are both food and medicine. Moreover, food is just as capable of preventing and treating diseases as medicine. Medicine and food homologous herbs not only have excellent pharmacological effects and activities but also have few side effects. As a typical medicinal herb with both medicinal and edible uses, some components of ginger have been shown to have good efficacy and safety against cancer. A mass of evidence has also shown that ginger has anti-tumor effects on digestive tract cancers (such as gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, laryngeal cancer, and pancreatic cancer) through a variety of pathways. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of action of the main components of ginger and their potential clinical applications in treating gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical College, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shi-Cong Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical College, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Na Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical College, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu-Hua Du
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical College, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dou-Dou Lu
- School of Clinical Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fan-Di Meng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical College, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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Wei T, Chen H, Wu D, Gao D, Cai Y, Cao X, Xu H, Yang J, Guo P. Response surface methodology for the mixed fungal fermentation of Codonopsis pilosula straw using Trichoderma reesei and Coprinus comatus. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15757. [PMID: 37601264 PMCID: PMC10434135 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the cellulose degradation rate (CDR) and lignin degradation rate (LDR) of Codonopsis pilosula straw (CPS) and the optimal fermentation parameters for mixed fungal fermentation. Single-factor tests were used to study the effects of the fungal ratio (Trichoderma reesei: Coprinus comatus), fungal inoculum, corn flour content, and fermentation time on the degradation rate of cellulose and lignin. Based on the results of this experiment, the optimal fermentation factors were identified, and the effects of various factors and their interactions on the degradation rates of cellulose and lignin were further evaluated using the response surface method. The quadratic polynomial mathematical model of degradation rates of the cellulose and lignin in CPS by mixed fungus fermentation was established using Design Expert software v8.0.6. Under the optimal parameters for fungal fermentation of CPS straw (fungal ratio 4:6, fungal inoculum 8%, corn flour content 10%, fermentation time of 15 d), the CDR and LDR reached 13.65% and 10.73%, respectively. Collectively, the mixed fungal fermentation of CPS resulted in decreased lignin and cellulose content, better retention of nutrients, and enhanced fermentation quality. The results of this study indicate that fermentation using Trichoderma reesei and Coprinus comatus is a productive method for straw degradation, providing a theoretical basis for the development of CPS as feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongfu Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dengyu Wu
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Institute of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Cai
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Institute of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Institute of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jutian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Institute of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Penghui Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Ecological Industry Development Research Institute of the Upper Yellow River, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Liu X, Chen Z, Wang X, Luo W, Yang F. Quality Assessment and Classification of Codonopsis Radix Based on Fingerprints and Chemometrics. Molecules 2023; 28:5127. [PMID: 37446787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, Codonopsis Radix (CR) is frequently consumed both as food and medicine. Here, a comprehensive strategy based on fingerprinting and chemometric approaches was created to explore the influence of origins, storage time and kneading processing on the quality of CR. Firstly, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection was used to obtain the fingerprints of 35 batches of CR from six different origins and 33 batches of CR from varying storage times or kneading procedures. Secondly, chemometric methods including similarity analysis (SA), principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and two-way orthogonal partial least square with discriminant analysis (O2PLS-DA) were used to evaluate the differences of chemical components in CR so as to identify its source and reflect its quality. Moreover, 13 and 16 major compounds were identified as marker compounds for the discrimination of CR from different origins, storage time and kneading processing, respectively. Furthermore, the relative content of the marker components and the exact content of Lobetyolin were measured, indicating that the contents of these components vary significantly between various CR samples. Meanwhile, the chemical components of CR were identified using Mass spectrometry. According to the findings of our investigation, the quality of CR from Gansu was the best, followed by Shanxi and then Sichuan. The quality of CR from Chongqing and Guizhou was poor. At the same time, the quality of CR was the best when it was kneaded and stored for 0 years, indicating that the traditional kneading process of CR is of great significance. Conclusively, HPLC fingerprint in conjunction with chemical pattern recognition and component content determination can be employed to differentiate the raw materials of different CR samples. Additionally, it is also a reliable, comprehensive and prospective method for quality control and evaluation of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China
| | - Wenrong Luo
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Fude Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China
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Dar AA, Abrol V, Singh N, Gashash EA, Dar SA. Recent bioanalytical methods for the isolation of bioactive natural products from genus Codonopsis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023. [PMID: 37316180 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chromatography and spectroscopy are nowadays well-validated techniques allowing to isolate and purify different class of natural products from the genus Codonopsis. Several categories of phytochemicals with drug like properties have been selectively extracted, isolated, characterised by this methodology. OBJECTIVES The present review aims to provide up-to-date and comprehensive information on the chromatography, phytochemistry and pharmacology of natural products of Codonopsis with an emphasis on the search for natural products having various biological activities and the semi-synthetic derivatives of bioactive ones and to highlight current gaps in knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed in the SciFinder Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases. RESULTS During the period covered in this review, several classes of compounds have been reported from genus Codonopsis. Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis lanceolata are the most popular in the genus especially as per phytochemical and bioactive studies. Phytochemical investigation demonstrates that Codonopsis species contain mainly xanthones, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids, triterpenoids and polysaccharides, which contribute to numerous bioactivities. The major bioactive compounds isolated were used for semi-synthetic modification to increase the chance to discover lead compound. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that genus Codonopsis has been used as traditional medicines and food materials around the world over years due to chemical constituents with diverse structural types, exhibiting extensive pharmacological activities in immune system, blood system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, digestive system, and so forth, with almost no obvious toxicity and side effect. Therefore, Codonopsis can be used as a promising ethnopharmacological plant source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamgir A Dar
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, India
| | - Vidushi Abrol
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Nasseb Singh
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ebtesam A Gashash
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science in Balijurashi, Al-Baha University, Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Showket A Dar
- Division of Social and Basic Science, Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
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Fan C, Wang G, Chen M, Li Y, Tang X, Dai Y. Therapeutic potential of alkaloid extract from Codonopsis Radix in alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation: insights into mitochondrial energy metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation in NAFLD mice. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:411-422. [PMID: 37407172 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring bioactive compounds that are widely distributed in various food sources and Traditional Chinese Medicine. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of alkaloid extract from Codonopsis Radix (ACR) in ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results revealed that ACR treatment effectively mitigated the abnormal weight gain and hepatic injury associated with HFD. Furthermore, ACR ameliorated the dysregulated lipid metabolism in NAFLD mice, as evidenced by reductions in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels, accompanied by a concomitant increase in the high-density lipoprotein level. ACR treatment also demonstrated a profound anti-oxidative effect, effectively alleviating HFD-induced oxidative stress and promoting ATP production. These effects were achieved through the up-regulation of the activities of mitochondrial electron transfer chain complexes I, II, IV, and V, in addition to the activation of the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway, suggesting that ACR exhibits therapeutic potential in alleviating the HFD-induced dysregulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Moreover, ACR administration mitigated HFD-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and suppressed the overexpression of ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) in NAFLD mice. In summary, the present study provides compelling evidence supporting the hepatoprotective role of ACR in alleviating lipid deposition in NAFLD by improving energy metabolism and reducing oxidative stress and ER stress. These findings warrant further investigation and merit the development of ACR as a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailian Fan
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Miao Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yao Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xiyang Tang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yi Dai
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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11
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang J, Yu H, Chen Y, Gao Y, Li X, Li W, Hu F. Evaluation of the Quality of Codonopsis Radix in Different Growth Years by the AHP-CRITIC Method. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201108. [PMID: 37127546 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The quality of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) has a significant correlation with the source and growth years. However, there is no research on the relationship between the growth period and the quality of Codonopsis Radix (CR). This work aims to evaluate the quality of CR in different growth years (2-5 years). First, the content of 6 efficacy-related and 28 nutrient-related components in different growth years of CR was analyzed. The results showed that with the increase in growth years of CR, the content of some components increased, while some decreased. Then, the AHP-CRITIC method was performed to score the CR in different growth years, the results showed that the comprehensive score of CR increased with the increase of growth years, and the 5-year-CR had the highest score. Finally, in vitro activity assays were designed to verify the evaluation results. The results demonstrated that with the increase of growth years, the spleen lymphocyte proliferation activity and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of CR were enhanced, which proved that the AHP-CRITIC method is reasonable to evaluate the quality of CR in different growth years. The aforementioned findings demonstrated that CR quality improved with longer planting years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Codonopsis Radix, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zixia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Codonopsis Radix, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Codonopsis Radix, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Codonopsis Radix, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Codonopsis Radix, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yingrui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Codonopsis Radix, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Codonopsis Radix Research Institute, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Codonopsis Radix, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Codonopsis Radix Research Institute, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
- Codonopsis Radix Industrial Technology Engineering Research Center, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Codonopsis Radix, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Codonopsis Radix Research Institute, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
- Codonopsis Radix Industrial Technology Engineering Research Center, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
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12
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Lu S, Gu W, Ma Q, Tian R, Qiu R, Ma L, Wu Y, Liu M, Tang J. Extraction, structural characterization, and biological activities of a new glucan from Codonopsis pilosula. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4504. [PMID: 36934161 PMCID: PMC10024767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a powerful and rapid aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) method was used to extract polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula. The ATPS process was investigated with response surface methodology (RSM). At an ammonium sulfate concentration of 17%, ethanol concentration of 30%, and extraction temperature of 40 °C at pH 6, the total extraction yield of polysaccharides reached (31.57 ± 1.28)%. After separation and purification, a homogenized polysaccharide CPP 2-4 with molecular weight of 3.9 × 104 kDa was obtained from the bottom phase. The physicochemical properties and structural features confirmed that CPP 2-4 was an α-1,6-glucan. Activity studies showed that the IC50 of CPP 2-4 for DPPH radical scavenging was 0.105 mg/mL. The FRAP and ABTS assays showed that CPP 2-4 had strong antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CPP 2-4 inhibited NO release in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, which indicated a certain anti-inflammatory effect. This study improved the extraction rate of polysaccharides from C. pilosula and identified a glucan for the first time, that can contribute to a better understanding of the composition and structure of polysaccharides from C. pilosula and provide data support for the medicine and food homology of C. pilosula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qihan Ma
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215008, China.
| | - Rong Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rongli Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lijie Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yinzhi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junjie Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Protective effect of Cistanche deserticola on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023; 15:102-109. [PMID: 36875447 PMCID: PMC9975639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gentamicin (GM) is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic, however, renal toxicity has limited its usage. The present study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Cistanche deserticola on GM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods The nephrotoxicity in rats was induced by intraperitoneal administration of GM (100 mg/kg) for 10 consecutive days. Glomerular filtration rate, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and kidney histopathology were detected to assess the GM-induced nephrotoxicity. The oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and malondialdehyde) was assessed. The inflammatory response (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase and nuclear factor-kappa B) and apoptotic marker (Bax and Bcl-2) were also evaluated. Results The results showed that water and 75% ethanol extracts of C. deserticola (named CDW and CDE, respectively) (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) in combination with GM could recover the reduction of glomerular filtration rate and enhance the renal endogenous antioxidant capability induced by GM. The increase in the expression of renal inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6), nuclear protein of nuclear factor-kappa B (p65) and the activity of myeloperoxidase induced by GM was significantly decreased upon CDW or CDE treatment. In addition, CDW or CDE treatment could decrease the Bax protein expression and increase the Bcl-2 protein expression in GM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats significantly. Conclusion The study demonstrated that C. deserticola treatment could attenuate kidney dysfunction and structural damage in rats induced by GM through the reduction of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Dong J, Na Y, Hou A, Zhang S, Yu H, Zheng S, Lan W, Yang L. A review of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analysis method and quality control, processing methods, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of codonopsis radix. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1162036. [PMID: 37089919 PMCID: PMC10117688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1162036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis Radix, a traditional Chinese medicine in China, has great medicinal and scientific value. Moreover, it can also be used as a health product in daily diet. This paper reviews the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analysis method and quality control, processing methods, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics and toxicity related to Codonopsis Radix. The information of Codonopsis Radix is obtained from scientific databases (such as Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SciFinder Scholar), Chinese herbal classics, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, PhD and MSc dissertations, and so on. The chemical components mainly include alkaloids, alkynes and polyacetylenes, flavonoids, lignans, steroids, terpenoids, organic acids, volatile oils, saccharides and other components, which have a wide range of neuroprotective effects, protection of gastrointestinal mucosa and anti-ulcer, regulation of body immunity, anti-tumor, endocrine regulation, improvement of hematopoietic function, cardiovascular protection, anti-aging and antioxidant effects. In conclusion, this paper summarizes in depth the shortcomings of the current research on Codonopsis Radix and proposes corresponding solutions. At the same time, this paper provides theoretical support for further research on the biological function and potential clinical efficacy of Codonopsis Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yexin Na
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ajiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Senwang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Lan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Lan, ; Liu Yang,
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Lan, ; Liu Yang,
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15
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Li M, Zhang H, Hu X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Song M, Wu R, Wu J. Isolation of a New Polysaccharide from Dandelion Leaves and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities. Molecules 2022; 27:7641. [PMID: 36364468 PMCID: PMC9658512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dandelion, in China, has a long history as a medicinal and edible plant, and possesses high nutritional and medical value. The present study aimed to isolate a new polysaccharide (DLP-3) from dandelion leaves and to evaluate its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. The structure of DLP-3 was analyzed using HPLC, FT-IR, SEM, GC-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. DLP-3 mainly consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, Glc, Gal, and Ara with molar ratios of 2.32, 0.87, 1.21, 3.84, 1.00, and 1.05, respectively, with a molecular weight of 43.2 kDa. The main linkages of DLP-3 contained (1→4)-α-d-Glc, (1→4,6)-α-d-Glc, (1→6)-α-d-Gal, (1→2)-α-d-Man, (1→4)-α-d-Man, β-l-Ara-(1→, and α-l-Rha-(1→. DLP-3 exhibited a smooth surface, purely flake-like structure, and a triple helix conformation. Moreover, DLP-3 presented obvious antioxidant and antibacterial activities in a concentration-dependent manner. DLP-3 showed significant anticancer activities by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of DLP-3 as a natural functional active substance in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Criminal Science and Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Henan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Meijun Song
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
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Validation of the Anticolitis Efficacy of the Jian-Wei-Yu-Yang Formula. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9110704. [PMID: 36091591 PMCID: PMC9451982 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9110704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to its repetitive remission and relapse. The Jian-Wei-Yu-Yang (JW) formula has a historical application in the clinic to combat gastrointestinal disorders. The investigation aimed to explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms of JW. Methods 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was diluted in drinking water and given to mice for 5 days to establish murine models of experimental colitis, and different doses of JW solution were administered for 14 days. Network pharmacology analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were utilized to predict the therapeutic role of JW against experimental colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were conducted using murine feces. Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and wound healing experiments were performed to confirm the molecular mechanisms. Results (1) Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was utilized to confirm the validity of the JW formula. The high dose of JW treatment markedly attenuated DSS-induced experimental colitis progression, and the targets were enriched in inflammation, infection, and tumorigenesis. (2) The JW targets were related to the survival probability in patients with colorectal cancer, underlying a potential therapeutic value in CRC intervention. (3) Moreover, the JW therapy successfully rescued the decreased richness and diversity of microbiota, suppressed the potentially pathogenic phenotype of the gut microorganisms, and increased cytochrome P450 activity in murine colitis models. (4) Our in vitro experiments confirmed that the JW treatment suppressed caspase3-dependent pyroptosis, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), and interleukin-1b (IL-1b) in the colon; facilitated the alternative activation of macrophages (Mφs); and inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in intestinal organoids (IOs). Conclusion The JW capsule attenuated the progression of murine colitis by a prompt resolution of inflammation and bloody stool and by re-establishing a microbiome profile that favors re-epithelization and prevents carcinogenesis.
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Li LX, Chen MS, Zhang ZY, Paulsen BS, Rise F, Huang C, Feng B, Chen XF, Jia RY, Ding CB, Feng SL, Li YP, Chen YL, Huang Z, Zhao XH, Yin ZQ, Zou YF. Structural features and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from different parts of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937581. [PMID: 36091763 PMCID: PMC9449496 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, three acidic polysaccharides from different plant parts of Codonopsis pilosula var. Modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen were obtained by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, and the yields of these three polysaccharides were different. According to the preliminary experimental results, the antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from rhizomes and fibrous roots (CLFP-1) were poor, and was thus not studied further. Due to this the structural features of polysaccharides from roots (CLRP-1) and aerial parts (CLSP-1) were the object for this study and were structurally characterized, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. As revealed by the results, the molecular weight of CLRP-1and CLSP-1 were 15.9 kDa and 26.4 kDa, respectively. The monosaccharide composition of CLRP-1 was Ara, Rha, Fuc, Xyl, Man, Gal, GlcA, GalA in a ratio of 3.8: 8.4: 1.0: 0.8: 2.4: 7.4: 7.5: 2.0: 66.7, and Ara, Rha, Gal, GalA in a ratio of 5.8: 8.9: 8.0: 77.0 in for CLSP-1. The results of structural elucidation indicated that both CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 were pectic polysaccharides, mainly composed of 1, 4-linked galacturonic acid with long homogalacturonan regions. Arabinogalactan type I and arabinogalactan type II were presented as side chains. The antioxidant assay in IPEC-J2 cells showed that both CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 promoted cell viability and antioxidant activity, which significantly increase the level of total antioxidant capacity and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and decrease the content of malondialdehyde. Moreover, CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 also showed powerful antioxidant abilities in Caenorhabditis elegans and might regulate the nuclear localization of DAF-16 transcription factor, induced antioxidant enzymes activities, and further reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde contents to increase the antioxidant ability of Caenorhabditis elegans. Thus, these finding suggest that CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 could be used as potential antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Si Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Frode Rise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing-Fu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Bang Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Shi-Ling Feng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yang-Ping Li
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Long Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Ecology Restoration and Conservation on Forestry and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Long Chen, ; Yuan-Feng Zou,
| | - Zhen Huang
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Ecology Restoration and Conservation on Forestry and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Long Chen, ; Yuan-Feng Zou,
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Astragalus polysaccharides combined with Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides modulates the physiological characteristics of trophoblasts via miR-92a-1–5p/CCR7 axis. Tissue Cell 2022; 77:101827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sorourian R, Khajehrahimi AE, Tadayoni M, Azizi MH, Hojjati M. Structural characterization and cytotoxic, ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from Bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) seeds. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Guo Y, Li Y, Cao Q, Ye L, Wang J, Guo M. The Function of Natural Polysaccharides in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927855. [PMID: 35860025 PMCID: PMC9289104 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that is persistent and nonspecific. There are several medications available for the treatment of UC. However, conventional UC medications have substantial adverse effects, low clinical effectiveness, and a high recurrence rate. Therefore, it is critical to discover new medicines that are both safe and effective for UC patients. Natural polysaccharides offer a wide range of pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-aging, immune enhancement, and gut flora regulation. In the therapy of UC, natural polysaccharides can modulate inflammatory factors, the immune system, and intestinal flora, and preserve the intestinal mucosa. It demonstrates a good curative effect and is of safety to use, thereby being a potential treatment for UC patients. This paper covers the structure, the pharmacological effects on UC, and the mechanisms of natural polysaccharides. Finally, limitations, challenges, and perspectives are discussed. It is hoped that the findings of this publication will inspire more natural polysaccharides research and provide a theoretical foundation for the creation of new UC medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Leilei Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Provincial Colleges, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Guo,
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Guo W, Yao X, Lan S, Zhang C, Li H, Chen Z, Yu L, Liu G, Lin Y, Liu S, Chen H. Metabolomics and integrated network pharmacology analysis reveal SNKAF decoction suppresses cell proliferation and induced cell apoptisis in hepatocellular carcinoma via PI3K/Akt/P53/FoxO signaling axis. Chin Med 2022; 17:76. [PMID: 35725485 PMCID: PMC9208213 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no comprehensive treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); hence, research and development are still focused on systemic therapies, including drugs. Sinikangai fang (SNKAF) decoction, a classic Chinese herbal prescription, has been widely used to treat liver cancer. However, there is no research on its core active component and target. METHODS Mouse models were established to measure the anticancer effect of SNKAF decoction on HCC. Further, we investigated the effect of SNKAF decoction on inhibition of hepatoma cells proliferation using cell viability, cloning and invasion assays in vitro. The components of SNKAF were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and TCM@Taiwan database. Metabolomic analysis was used to identify the potential genes and pathways in HCC treated with SNKAF decoction. Then, the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, P53, FoxO proteins of the potential signal pathways were detected using Western blot. RESULTS The animal experiments showed that SNKAF decoction inhibited tumor growth (P < 0.05) and induced no weight loss in the mice. In vitro data showed that HCCLM3 and MHCC97H cell proliferation was inhibited by SNKAF serum in a time- and concentration dependent manner. Further combined analysis network pharmacology with metabonomics showed that 217 target genes overlapped. The core target genes included BCL2, MCL1, Myc, PTEN, gsk3b, CASP9, CREB1, MDM2, pt53 and CCND1. Cancer-associated pathways were largely involved in SNKAF mechanisms, including P53, FoxO, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which are closely related to induced-tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, Western bolt verified that 10% SNKAF serum significantly affected the main proteins of PI3K/Akt/P53/FoxO signaling pathway in both cell lines. CONCLUSION SNKAF decoction-containing serum inhibited HCCLM3 and MHCC97H cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced-tumor cell apoptosis in-vivo. We confirmed that SNKAF decoction is a promising alternative treatments for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Lan
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanhan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuangzhong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanxian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanrui Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Bai R, Wang Y, Fan J, Zhang J, Li W, Zhang Y, Hu F. Intra-regional classification of Codonopsis Radix produced in Gansu province (China) by multi-elemental analysis and chemometric tools. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8549. [PMID: 35595826 PMCID: PMC9123173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-elemental analysis is widely used to identify the geographical origins of plants. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of combining chemometrics with multi-element analysis for classification of Codonopsis Radix from different producing regions of Gansu province (China). A total of 117 Codonopsis Radix samples from 7 counties of Gansu province were collected. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the determination of 28 elements (39 K, 24 Mg, 44Ca, 27Al, 137Ba, 57Fe, 23Na, 88Sr, 55Mn, 66Zn, 65Cu, 85Rb, 61Ni, 53Cr, 51 V, 7Li, 208Pb, 59Co, 75As, 133Cs, 71 Ga, 77Se, 205Tl, 114Cd, 238U, 107Ag, 4Be and 202Hg). Among macro elements, 39 K showed the highest level, whereas 23Na was found to have the lowest content value. Micro elements showed the concentrations order of: 88Sr > 55Mn > 66Zn > 85Rb > 65Cu. Among trace elements, 53Cr and 61Ni showed higher content and 4Be was not detected in all samples. Intra-regions differentiation was performed by principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and supervised learning algorithms such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), support vector machines (SVM), and random forests (RF). Among them, the RF model performed the best with an accuracy rate of 78.79%. Multi-elemental analysis combined with RF was a reliable method to identify the origins of Codonopsis Radix in Gansu province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Bai
- School of Pharmacy @ the State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Pharmacy @ the State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jingmin Fan
- School of Pharmacy @ the State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy @ the State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Pharmacy @ the State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, 252052, China
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy @ the State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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23
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Polysaccharides from Medicine and Food Homology Materials: A Review on Their Extraction, Purification, Structure, and Biological Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103215. [PMID: 35630690 PMCID: PMC9147777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Medicine and food homology (MFH) materials are rich in polysaccharides, proteins, fats, vitamins, and other components. Hence, they have good medical and nutritional values. Polysaccharides are identified as one of the pivotal bioactive constituents of MFH materials. Accumulating evidence has revealed that MFH polysaccharides (MFHPs) have a variety of biological activities, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and radioprotective activities. Consequently, the research progress and future prospects of MFHPs must be systematically reviewed to promote their better understanding. This paper reviewed the extraction and purification methods, structure, biological activities, and potential molecular mechanisms of MFHPs. This review may provide some valuable insights for further research regarding MFHPs.
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24
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Wang Y, Han J, Zhang J, Li X, Bai R, Hu F. A monitoring survey and health risk assessment for pesticide residues on Codonopsis Radix in China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8133. [PMID: 35581226 PMCID: PMC9114365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11428-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the safety of Codonopsis Radix (CR) has attracted considerable attention. Pesticide residues is an important index to evaluate the safety of CR. The purpose of this study was to monitor pesticide residues in 164 batches of CR in China and assess dietary risk assessment. Firstly, a combined method of QuEChERS-GC–MS/MS and QuEChERS-LC–MS/MS was established for determination of 155 pesticide residues in CR. Second, 155 Pesticide residues in 3 CR cultivars from Gansu, Shanxi, Hubei, Guizhou and Chongqing were determined by this method. Finally, the risk score of pesticide residues in CR was evaluated, and the dietary health risk was evaluated based on the pesticide residues in CR. The results demonstrated that one or more pesticide residues were detected in 39 batches (23.78%) of 164 batches of CR. Of the 155 pesticide residues, 20 were detected. The most frequently detected pesticide residue was dimethomorph with a detection rate of 5.49%. Risk scores showed that 6 pesticides were at higher risk. Risk assessment based on the hazard quotient/hazard index (HQ/HI) approach revealed that exposure to pesticide residues which detected in CR were far below levels that might pose a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiabin Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xue Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ruibin Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fangdi Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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25
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Cui F, Zhang Q, Song P, Li B, Tang Z, Hu F, Shi X. Characterization of chemical composition variations in raw and processed Codonopsis Radix by integrating metabolomics and glycomics based on multiple chromatography‐mass spectrometry technology. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2375-2393. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jing‐jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zi‐xia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Fang Cui
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Qian‐nian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ping‐ping Song
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zhuo‐shi Tang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Fang‐di Hu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xiao‐feng Shi
- Gansu Provincial Academy of Medical Science 2 Xiaoxihu East Street Lanzhou 730050 China
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26
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Network Pharmacology Integrated with Transcriptomics Deciphered the Potential Mechanism of Codonopsis pilosula against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1340194. [PMID: 35388300 PMCID: PMC8977304 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1340194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth main reason of cancer-related death. Codonopsis pilosula is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for patients with HCC. However, its potential mechanism for treatment of HCC remains unclear. Here, we used transcriptomics and network pharmacology to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of Codonopsis pilosula. In our study, twelve differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (5 upregulated and 7 downregulated) of Codonopsis pilosula treating HepG2 cells (a kind of HCC cell) were identified. Among the 12 DEGs, HMOX1 may play an essential role. Codonopsis pilosula mainly affects the mineral absorption pathway in HCC. We acquired 2957, 1877, and 255 targets from TCMID, SymMap, and TCMSP, respectively. Codonopsis pilosula could upregulate HMOX1 via luteolin, capsaicin, and sulforaphane. Our study provided new understanding of the potential pharmacological mechanisms of Codonopsis pilosula in treating HCC and pointed out a direction for further experimental research.
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27
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Yang M, Jin Y, Yang J, Wang C, Wang X, Wang Y. Preparation of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide microcapsules and its effect and mechanism on skin wound healing in rats. J Biomater Appl 2022; 36:1723-1736. [PMID: 35235468 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211054333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, after optimizing the extraction process of CPP (Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides), CPPM (CPP microcapsules) were prepared. Subsequently, the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties were studied. The results showed that CPPM is a hollow sac-like structure with rough folds and protuberances and comes in spherical or ellipsoidal shapes with uniform particle size. CPPM has certain swelling degree, low hardness, good adhesion, and stability. Then, the effect of CPPM on wounds repair was investigated by a rat model. The results showed that CPPM could improve the wound healing rate. Histological evaluation showed CPPM could promote neovascularization and fibroblast proliferation. By investigating the healing mechanism, it was found that CPPM increased the hydroxyproline content in granulation tissue and had an excellent antioxidant ability, and then inhibited lipid peroxidation, in addition, it significantly increased the transcript levels of VEGF and miRNA-21 genes, indicating that CPPM play an influential role in vascular remodeling during wound healing by up-regulating the expression of VEGF and miRNA-21 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, 56677Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongming Jin
- School of Life Science and Engineering, 56677Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jumei Yang
- 74713Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenliang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, 56677Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinjian Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, 56677Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, 56677Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
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28
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Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Codonopsis pilosula Glucofructan: Optimization, Structure, and Immunoregulatory Activity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050927. [PMID: 35267905 PMCID: PMC8912531 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, multiple edible polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula were mainly isolated with high average molecular weights and exhibited various bioactivities, but it was proven that low-molecular-weight polysaccharides could exert stronger activities due to the superior water solubility and permeability. In the present study, the water-soluble polysaccharide C. pilosula with low molecular weight was isolated under ultrasonic assistance at 30 °C, the extraction process was optimized via response surface method (RSM), and the structure and immunoregulatory activity were further investigated. The maximum yield (4.86%) for crude polysaccharides (cCPPs) was obtained under following parameters: ultrasonic power of 370 W, liquid/material ratio of 33 mL/g, ultrasonic time of 81 min. Subsequently, the cCPPs were further purified through dialysis and Sephadex G-25 column to acquire purified polysaccharide (CPPs). Structural analysis indicated that CPPs was a glucofructan (average molecular weight of 4.23 × 103 Da) with (2→1)-β-D-Fruf and (1→)-α-D-Glcp as the backbone branched by (2→6)-β-D-Fruf. Additionally, CPPs could enhance immunoregulatory function by stimulating NO production and cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) secretion of RAW264.7 macrophages dose-dependently, which presented no cytotoxic effects. These data suggest that CPPs have the potential to be used as a nutritional dietary compound and natural immunostimulant supplement in the food industry.
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29
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The Extraction, Functionalities and Applications of Plant Polysaccharides in Fermented Foods: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123004. [PMID: 34945554 PMCID: PMC8701727 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides, as prebiotics, fat substitutes, stabilizers, thickeners, gelling agents, thickeners and emulsifiers, have been immensely studied for improving the texture, taste and stability of fermented foods. However, their biological activities in fermented foods are not yet properly addressed in the literature. This review summarizes the classification, chemical structure, extraction and purification methods of plant polysaccharides, investigates their functionalities in fermented foods, especially the biological activities and health benefits. This review may provide references for the development of innovative fermented foods containing plant polysaccharides that are beneficial to health.
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30
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Wang Y, Yuan J, Li S, Hui L, Li Y, Chen K, Meng T, Yu C, Leng F, Ma J. Comparative analysis of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, antioxidant indexes, polysaccharides and lobetyolin changes of different tissues from Codonopsis pilosula co-inoculated with Trichoderma. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 267:153546. [PMID: 34736004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula is a traditional Chinese herbal medicinal plant and contains various bioactive components, such as C. pilosula polysaccharides (CPPs) and lobetyolin (Lob). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) are gaseous molecule and have been well known for their ability to relieve some adverse influences on plant from abiotic stress. Endophytic fungus is non-pathogenic plant-associated fungus that could play a significant role in improving plant tolerance by signal molecule. In this work, we determined how inoculation of Trichoderma strain RHTA01 with C. pilosula changed the plant's growth, metabolite accumulation, and related enzyme activity. Results demonstrated that application of Trichoderma strain RHTA01 significantly improved the growth of C. pilosula. Moreover, it noticeably decreased antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in C. pilosula leaves, reduced the content of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and weakened the peroxidation of cell membrane lipids, which reduced the damage of abiotic stress to C. pilosula. Research has shown that it had obvious effects on levels of nitrogen and carbon metabolic enzymes. For example, sucrose synthase (SS) and acid invertase (AI) levels in C. pilosula roots were nearly 1.43 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than those in the control (CK) group. In addition, it was notable that the production of CPPs and Lob, the most significant secondary metabolites in C. pilosula, were influenced by Trichoderma strain RHTA01. The obtained results indicate that inoculating C. pilosula with Trichoderma stimulates the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the plant, and helps to increase the content of CPPs and Lob in the root of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Jiaping Yuan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lei Hui
- Gansu Shule River Basin Water Resources Bureau, Yumen 735200, China.
| | - Yuanli Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Tongtong Meng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; Gansu Academy for water Conservancy, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Chengqun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Feifan Leng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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31
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Zou YF, Zhang YY, Paulsen BS, Rise F, Chen ZL, Jia RY, Li LX, Song X, Feng B, Tang HQ, Huang C, Ye G, Yin ZQ. New pectic polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis tangshen: structural characterization and cellular antioxidant activities. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:6043-6052. [PMID: 33857333 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis tangshen are plants widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Two pectic polysaccharides from the roots of C. pilosula and C. tangshen named as CPP-1 and CTP-1 were obtained by boiling water extraction and column chromatography. RESULTS The core structures of both CPP-1 and CTP-1 comprise the long homogalacturonan region (HG) as the backbone and the rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) region as the side chains. CPP-1 has methyl esterified galacturonic acid units and a slightly lower molecular weight than CTP-1. Biological testing suggested that CPP-1 and CTP-1 can protect IPEC-J2 cells against the H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress by up-regulating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and related genes in IPEC-J2 cells. The different antioxidative activities of polysaccharides from different source of C. pilosula may be result of differences in their structures. CONCLUSION All of the results indicated that pectic polysaccharides CPP-1 and CTP-1 from different species of C. pilosula roots could be used as a potential natural antioxidant source. These findings will be valuable for further studies and new applications of pectin-containing health products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Yun Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Berit S Paulsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Area Pharmacognosy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Rise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zheng-Li Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Qiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Section Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Area Pharmacognosy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Feng H, Tian L. Study on Extraction Process of Root of Henry Wood Betony Polysaccharides and Their Antitumor Activity against S180. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082359. [PMID: 33921554 PMCID: PMC8073743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We optimized the hot water extraction of polysaccharides from the root of Henry wood betony (RHWPs) using a uniform test and explored their anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: 40 min extraction time, liquid/solid ratio 30 mL/g, 100 min soaking time, two extraction cycles, 100% ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature of 80 °C. The molecular weight distribution of RHWPs with MWs was 228,600 g/mol and 5001 g/mol. The IR spectrum further indicated that RHWPs are acidic polysaccharides containing pyranose and furan rings. The main monosaccharides found in RHWPs were mannose, ribose, l-rhamnose monohydrate, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and fucose. RHWPs inhibited the proliferation of S180 tumor cells and induced apoptosis in vitro. Oral administration of RHWPs to tumor-bearing mice significantly inhibited the growth of the S180 xenografts, accelerated apoptosis in tumor cells, and expanded the necrotic regions. Furthermore, RHWPs also markedly increased the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2 in the sera of tumor-bearing mice, and activated immune cells such as lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages, thereby inducing tumor cell apoptosis. Taken together, RHWPs are a promising anti-tumor agent that ought to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Feng
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-28-85522310
| | - Lan Tian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China;
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He RP, Jin Z, Ma RY, Hu FD, Dai JY. Network pharmacology unveils spleen-fortifying effect of Codonopsis Radix on different gastric diseases based on theory of “same treatment for different diseases” in traditional Chinese medicine. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:189-201. [PMID: 36117498 PMCID: PMC9476800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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Wang D, Liu Y, Zhao W. The Adjuvant Effects on Vaccine and the Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Polysaccharides From Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:655570. [PMID: 33869288 PMCID: PMC8047473 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.655570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is still the most successful strategy to prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases by generating an adequate protective immune response. However, vaccines composed of antigens alone can only stimulate weak immunogenicity to prevent infection in many cases. Adjuvant can enhance the immunogenicity of the antigens. Therefore, adjuvant is urgently needed to strengthen the immune response of the vaccines. An ideal adjuvant should be safe, cheap, biodegradable and biologically inert. In addition to having a long shelf life, it can also promote cellular and humoral immune responses. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has many different ingredients, such as glycosides, polysaccharides, acids, terpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and so on. TCM polysaccharides are one of the main types of biologically active substances. They have a large range of pharmacological activities, especially immunomodulatory. TCM polysaccharides can regulate the immune system of animals by binding to multiple receptors on the surface of immune cells and activating different signal pathways. This review focuses on a comprehensive summary of the most recent developments in vaccine adjuvant effects of polysaccharides from many important TCM, such as Artemisia rupestris L., Cistanche deserticola, Pinus massoniana, Chuanminshen violaceum, Astragalus, Ganoderma lucidum, Codonopsis pilosula, Lycium barbarum, Angelica, Epimedium, and Achyranthes bidentata. Moreover, this review also introduces their immunomodulatory effects and the molecular mechanisms of action on animal bodies, which showed that TCM polysaccharides can activate macrophages, the signal pathway of T/B lymphocytes, regulate the signal pathway of natural killer cells, activate the complement system, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Luan F, Ji Y, Peng L, Liu Q, Cao H, Yang Y, He X, Zeng N. Extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological properties of the polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117863. [PMID: 33766352 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., as a well-known homology plant of medicine and food, has the function of replenishing the Qi, strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lung, nourishing the blood and engendering the liquid in traditional Chinese medicine. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the C. pilosula polysaccharides (CPPs) are one of the major and representative pharmacologically active macromolecules and present multiple biological activities both in vitro and in vivo methods, such as immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, hypoglycemic, anti-hypoxia, renoprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and prebiotic. The purpose of the present review is to provide comprehensively and systematically reorganized information in the extraction and purification, structure characterization, biological activities and the underlying mechanisms of action as well as toxicities of CPPs to support their therapeutic potentials and sanitarian functions. New valuable insights for the future researches regarding CPPs were also proposed in the fields of therapeutic agents and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Yafei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Lixia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Haijuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, PR China
| | - Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, PR China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
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Yuan S, Xu C, Xia J, Feng Y, Zhang X, Yan Y. Extraction of polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula by fermentation with response surface methodology. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6660-6669. [PMID: 33312549 PMCID: PMC7723197 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine used to treat weak spleens, stomach problems, anemia, and fatigue. Polysaccharide is one of main components of Codonopsis pilosula. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction parameters of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPP) by fermentation. The exaction temperature (°C), yeast liquid volume (2 mg/ml, ml), and time (h) were employed effects. Results indicated that the best extraction conditions were the following: extraction temperature 24.75°C, yeast liquid volume 2.96 ml (5.92 mg), and a fermentation time of 21.03 hr. After purification with DE52 and Sephadex G-100, the molecular structure was determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H and 13C). The monosaccharide composition of CPP1 was determined to be mannose (1.76%), glucose (97.38%), and arabinose (0.76%). CPP1 exhibited high antioxidant activities in scavenging ABTS radicals, ferreous ions, and superoxide ion radicals. Thus, CPP1 could be used as an antioxidant or functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Veterinary medicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Chang‐Yuan Xu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Xia
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yan‐Ni Feng
- College of Veterinary medicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xi‐Feng Zhang
- College of Veterinary medicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - You‐Yu Yan
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
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Isolation, characterization and immunomodulatory activity of oligosaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Zou YF, Zhang YY, Paulsen BS, Fu YP, Huang C, Feng B, Li LX, Chen XF, Jia RY, Song X, He CL, Yin LZ, Ye G, Liang XX, Lv C, Yin ZQ. Prospects of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides: Structural features and bioactivities diversity. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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He JQ, Zheng MX, Ying HZ, Zhong YS, Zhang HH, Xu M, Yu CH. PRP1, a heteropolysaccharide from Platycodonis Radix, induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells via regulating miR-21-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:542-551. [PMID: 32380108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two polysaccharides (PRP1 and PRP2) were isolated from Platycodonis Radix. Preliminary structural analysis indicated that PRP1 was composed of glucose, fructose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 1:1.91:1.59 with a molecular weight of 440 kDa, whereas PRP2 was composed of arabinose, fructose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 1:1.39:1.18 with a molecular weight of 2.85 kDa. Compared with PRP2, PRP1 exerted stronger anticancer activity in vitro. Treatment with 5-30 μg/ml of PRP1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro, and oral administration at the doses of 75-300 mg/kg also reduced the tumor growth in vivo. The miRNA expression patterns of human liver cancer cells HepG2 in vivo under PRP1 treatment were established, and microRNA-21 (miR-21) as the onco-miRNA was appreciably downregulated. PRP1 repressed the expression of miR-21, which directly targeted and suppressed PTEN (a negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade), and subsequently upregulated the expression of PTEN but downregulated the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby promoting liver cancer cell apoptosis. These findings indicated that PRP1 inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of HepG2 mainly via inactivating the miR-21/PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, PRP1 could be used as a food supplement and candidate for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Min-Xia Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Ying
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yu-Sen Zhong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Min Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Purification, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of the COP-W1 polysaccharide from Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Bai RB, Zhang YJ, Fan JM, Jia XS, Li D, Wang YP, Zhou J, Yan Q, Hu FD. Immune-enhancement effects of oligosaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula on cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:3306-3315. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02969a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are the main components of C. pilosula and show excellent immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bin Bai
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Ya-Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Jing-Min Fan
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xu-Seng Jia
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Dai Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Yan-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Qiao Yan
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Fang-Di Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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Synthesis, characterization, anti-proliferative properties and DNA binding of benzochromene derivatives: Increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell line. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103329. [PMID: 31590040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
3-Amino-1-aryl-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitrile derivatives were synthesized from three-component reaction of arylaldehyde, malononitrile and 2-naphthol in the presence of 1, 4-bis(4-ferrocenylbutyl)piperazine as a new catalyst. Cytotoxic potencies of the compounds were tested on HT-29 cells. 3-Amino-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitrile (4c) was more active among these compounds and was selected for further studies. Apoptosis was investigated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) double staining and flow cytometry. The qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes. The binding attributes of 4c with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was examined using multi-spectroscopic measurements. We found that 4c had potent cytotoxic activity against HT-29 cells with an IC50 value of 60 µM through induction of cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase and apoptosis. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, while the expression of Bax, caspase-3, -8 and -9 genes was up-regulated in HT-29 cells incubated with 4c compared with control cells. These studies revealed that 4c interacts with DNA through groove binding mode with the intrinsic binding constant (Kb) of 3 × 102 M-1. Thus, 4c is a valuable candidate for further evaluation as a new series of potent chemotherapeutic family in colon cancer treatment.
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Effect of Codonopsis pilosula Polysaccharides on the Growth and Motility of Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells by Regulating β-Catenin/TCF4 Pathway. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/7068437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To study the effect of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPP) on the growth and motility of HepG2 cells and its possible mechanism. Methods. Cells were randomly divided into Control group, CPP (5 μM) group, CPP (10 μM) group, and CPP (20 μM) group. The proliferation, invasion, migration ability, and expression of proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and signaling pathway of HepG2 cells were detected by CCK8 assay, BrdU staining, Transwell, Scratch test, and Western blot, respectively. Results. Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells cultured in vitro along with the expression level of Ki67 and PCNA protein (P<0.05), decreased the number of invasive cells (P<0.05), and reduced the scratch closure rate (P<0.05). It also adjusted the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E-cadherin, and N-cadherin (P<0.05). Other than that, downregulation of β-catenin, TCF4, and c-Myc protein expression (P<0.05) was observed as well. Conclusion. Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide can inhibit the proliferation and motility of HepG2 cells cultured in vitro, and the underlying mechanism is proposed to be related to the inhibition of the β-catenin/TCF4 pathway.
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Sun QL, Li YX, Cui YS, Jiang SL, Dong CX, Du J. Structural characterization of three polysaccharides from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula and their immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:556-563. [PMID: 30831168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three polysaccharides were isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. They were named RCNP, RCAP-1, and RCAP-2, and had apparent molecular weights of 1.14 × 104, 5.09 × 104, and 2.58 × 105, respectively. Their structures were characterized by HPGPC, chemical derivative analysis, GC-MS and NMR analyses. Results showed that RCNP contained arabinan and arabinogalactan regions. The arabinan region had a main chain comprising (1 → 5)-linked Araf residues, and the side chains branched at the O-3 position by the single Araf residues. The arabinogalactan region comprised alternating (1 → 4)-, (1 → 6)- or (1 → 3)-linked Galp along with small amounts of branches mainly at the O-3 position of the (1 → 6)-linked Galp or O-6 position of the (1 → 3)-linked Galp residues by terminally linked Araf residues. RCAP-1 and RCAP-2 were highly methyl-esterified pectin-type polysaccharides with long homogalacturonan regions interrupted by a short rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) region. The side chains of the RG-I region consisted of (1 → 2)-linked Rha residues attached to the position O-4 of rhamnose. Their degrees of methyl-esterification were approximately 60.6% and 68.1%, respectively. Bioactivity tests showed that RCAP-1 and RCAP-2 exerted a significant immunostimulatory effect based on NO production from RAW264.7 macrophages. These results suggested that these two pectin-type polysaccharides were potential immunostimulation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Li Sun
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Si-Liang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Cai-Xia Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China.
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