Synthesis of Femur extracted hydroxyapatite reinforced nanocomposite and its application for Pb(II) ions abatement from aqueous phase

Advanced applications of hydroxyapatite nanocomposite materials for heavy metals and organic pollutants removal by adsorption and photocatalytic degradation: A review

This comprehensive review delves into the forefront of scientific exploration, focusing on hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposites (HANCs) and their transformative role in the adsorption of heavy metals (HMs) and organic pollutants (OPs). Nanoscale properties, including high surface area and porous structure, contribute to the enhanced adsorption capabilities of HANCs. The nanocomposites' reactive sites facilitate efficient contaminant interactions, resulting in improved kinetics and capacities. HANCs exhibit selective adsorption properties, showcasing the ability to discriminate between different contaminants. The eco-friendly synthesis methods and potential for recyclability position the HANCs as environmentally friendly solutions for adsorption processes. The review acknowledges the dynamic nature of the field, which is characterized by continuous innovation and a robust focus on ongoing research endeavors. The paper highlights the HANCs' selective adsorption capabilities of various HMs and OPs through various interactions, including hydrogen and electrostatic bonding. These materials are also used for aquatic pollutants' photocatalytic degradation, where reactive hydroxyl radicals are generated to oxidize organic pollutants quickly. Future perspectives explore novel compositions, fabrication methods, and applications, driving the evolution of HANCs for improved adsorption performance. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the state-of-the-art HANCs, offering insights into their diverse applications, sustainability aspects, and pivotal role in advancing adsorption technologies for HMs and OPs.

Nanozyme-based sensing of dopamine using cobalt-doped hydroxyapatite nanocomposite from waste bones

Dopamine is one of the most important neurotransmitters and plays a crucial role in various neurological, renal, and cardiovascular systems. However, the abnormal levels of dopamine mainly point to Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), owing to its catalytic nature, nanoporous structure, easy synthesis, and biocompatibility, is a promising matrix material. These characteristics make HAp a material of choice for doping metals such as cobalt. The synthesized cobalt-doped hydroxyapatite (Co-HAp) was used as a colorimetric sensing platform for dopamine. The successful synthesis of the platform was confirmed by characterization with FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD, TGA, etc. The platform demonstrated intrinsic peroxidase-like activity in the presence of H2O2, resulting in the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The proposed sensor detected dopamine in a linear range of 0.9-35 μM, a limit of detection of 0.51 µM, limit of quantification of 1.7 µM, and an R2 of 0.993. The optimization of the proposed sensor was done with different parameters, such as the amount of mimic enzyme, H2O2, pH, TMB concentration, and time. The proposed sensor showed the best response at 5 mg of the mimic enzyme, pH 5, 12 mM TMB, and 8 mM H2O2, with a short response time of only 2 min. The fabricated platform was successfully applied to detect dopamine in physiological solutions.

Bacterial cellulose microfiber reinforced hollow chitosan beads decorated with cross-linked melamine plates for the removal of the Congo red

In this epoch, the disposal of multipollutant wastewater inevitably compromises life on Earth. In this study, the inclusion of Bacterial cellulose microfilaments reinforced chitosan adorned with melamine 2D plates creates a unique 3D bead structure for anionic dye removal. The establishment of an imine network between melamine and chitosan, along with the quantity of inter- and intra‑hydrogen bonds, boosts the specific surface area to 106.68 m2.g-1. Removal efficiency and in-depth comprehension of synthesized adsorbent characteristics were assessed using batch adsorption experiments and characterization methods. Additionally, pH, adsorbent quantity, time, beginning concentration of solution, and temperature were analyzed and optimized as adsorption essential factors. Owing to the profusion of hydroxyl, amine, imine functional groups and aromatic rings, the synthesized adsorbent intimated an astonishing maximum adsorption capacity of 3168 mg.g-1 in Congo red dye removal at pH 5.5. Based on the kinetic evaluation, pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.999), pseudo-first-order (R2 = 0.964), and Avrami (R2 = 0.986) models were well-fitted with the kinetic results among the seven investigated models. The isothermal study reveals that the adsorption mechanism predominantly follows the Redlich-Peterson (R2 = 0.996), Koble-Carrigan, and Hill isotherm models (R2 = 0.994). The developed semi-natural sorbent suggests high adsorption capacity, which results from its exceptional structure, presenting promising implications for wastewater treatment.

Efficient removal of heavy metal ions by diethylenetriaminepenta (methylene phosphonic) acid-doped hydroxyapatite

Diethylenetriaminepenta (methylene phosphonic) acid (DTPMP) was first used as a dopant to modify hydroxyapatite and applied to remove Pb²⁺. The adsorption capacity of modified hydroxyapatite for Pb²⁺ can reach 2185.92 mg/g, which was 10.4 times that of commercial nanohydroxyapatite. The characterizations after adsorption of Pb²⁺ indicated the existence of chelation and the formation of the low bioavailability Pb₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂. Moreover, the interaction of different components containing DTPMP, HAP, and pollutant Pb²⁺ was investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, which indicated that the organic-phosphonic group of DTPMP (PO₃H^-) had a stronger complex effect with calcium ions or lead ions than that of the inorganic-phosphate group of HAP (PO₄^3-) with the two metal ions, which affected the crystallinity of HAP, and greatly improved the removal effect of DTPMP doped HAP composites for Pb²⁺ contaminants, the existence of amino groups can further enhance the affinity between DTPMP and HAP or lead ions. The chelation mechanism of DTPMP and Pb²⁺ was probed in depth by combining basin analysis, topology analysis of atoms in molecules (AIM), electron localization function (ELF) analysis, bond order density (BOD) & natural adaptive orbital (NAdO)analysis and orbital component analysis.

Conversions of Cement bypass waste to Nano-hydroxyapatite exploited in water purification.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1871491/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0]

The goal of this study is to convert cement bypass dust into a usable product called hydroxyapatite. Four hydroxyapatites’ samples (Kiln-HA1- Kiln-HA4) were successfully prepared in nano-scale (14.8–25.7 nm). The specific surface areas of all of the samples examined were high: Kiln-HA3 (161.5 m2/g) > Kiln-HA1 (130.2 m2/g) > Kiln-HA2 (81.9 m2/g) > Kiln-HA4 (54.1 m2/g).Tested nano- hydroxyapatite successfully removed Fe3+ and Mn2+ as pollutants from water with efficiencies of up to 95% for both Fe and Mn ions. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of nano hydroxyapatite varied from 147 to 175 mg.g− 1 for adsorbed Fe (III), while were wide ranged from 204 to 344 mg.g− 1 for adsorbed Mn (II).Hydroxyapatite-selectivity for removing Mn and Fe ions in mixed solutions was as follows: Fe3+> Cu2+>Mn2+. In multiple cycles, the investigated materials were able to remove Fe and Mn ions without regeneration. The overall cost of producing 100 grams of hydroxyapatite from cement bypass waste is less than other calcium source which was 184 EGP/100g (9.32 €/100g).

Sustainable processes for treatment and management of seafood solid waste

Seafood processing is an important economical activity worldwide and is an integral part of the food chain system. However, their processing results in solid waste generation whose disposal and management is a serious concern. Proteins, amino acids, lipids with high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), carotenoids, and minerals are abundant in the discards, effluents, and by-catch of seafood processing waste. As a result, it causes nutritional loss and poses major environmental risks. To solve the issues, it is critical that the waste be exposed to secondary processing and valorization for recovery of value added products. Although chemical waste treatment technologies are available, the majority of these procedures have inherent flaws. Biological solutions, on the other hand, are safe, efficacious, and ecologically friendly while maintaining the intrinsic bioactivities after waste conversion. Microbial fermentation or the actions of exogenously introduced enzymes on waste components are used in most bioconversion processes. Algal biotechnology has recently developed unique technologies for biotransformation of nutrients, which may be employed as a feedstock for the recovery of important chemicals as well as biofuel. Bioconversion methods combined with a bio-refinery strategy offer the potential to enable environmentally-friendly and cost-effective seafood waste management. The refinement of these wastes through sustainable bioprocessing interventions can give rise to various circular bioeconomies within the seafood processing sector. Moreover, a techno-economic perspective on the developed solid waste processing lines and its subsequent environmental impact could facilitate commercialization. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view and critical analysis of the recent updates in seafood waste processing in terms of bioconversion processes and byproduct development. Various case studies on circular bioeconomy formulated on seafood processing waste along with techno-economic feasibility for the possible development of sustainable seafood biorefineries have also been discussed.

Electrospun polyacrylonitrile/hydroxyapatite composite nanofibrous membranes for the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions

A novel Polyacrylonitrile/Hydroxyapatite (PAN/HAP) composite nanofibrous membranes were successfully prepared via the electrospinning approach. The scanning electron microscope, Fourier transforms infrared, X-ray diffraction were selected to serve as characterization techniques...

Fabrication and applications of bioactive chitosan-based organic-inorganic hybrid materials: A review

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials like bone, shells, and teeth can be found in nature, which are usually composed of biomacromolecules and nanoscale inorganic ingredients. Synergy of organic-inorganic components in hybrid materials render them outstanding and versatile performance. Chitosan is commonly used organic materials in bionic hybrid materials since its bioactive properties and could be controllable tailored by various means to meet complex conditions in different applications. Among these fabrication means, hybridization was favored for its convenience and efficiency. This review discusses three kinds of chitosan-based hybrid materials: hybridized with hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, and clay respectively, which are the representative of phosphate, carbonate, and hydrous aluminosilicates. Here, we reported the latest developments of the preparation methods, composition, structure and applications of these bioactive hybrid materials, especially in the biomedical field. Despite the great progress was made in bioactive organic-inorganic hybrid materials based on chitosan, some challenges and specific directions are still proposed for future development in this review.

A combined molecular dynamic simulation, DFT calculations, and experimental study of the eriochrome black T dye adsorption onto chitosan in aqueous solutions

This study aims to evaluate and understand the adsorption of eriochrome black T (EB) by chitosan extracted from local shrimp shells under different experimental conditions. Chitosan samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and FTIR. Experimental results indicate that the process was pH-dependent with a high adsorption capacity in acidic medium. The adsorption was rapid and kinetic data were suitably correlated to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. EB molecules were adsorbed on monolayer according to the Langmuir model with an adsorption capacity of 162.3 mg/g. On the other hand, it should be noted that calculated quantum chemical parameters support the experimentally obtained results. The interaction energies calculated for (molecule/chitosan) complexes were in the order of H₂EB^- > HEB^2- (O38) > HEB^2- (O48) > EB > H₃EB > EB^3-, which means that the best and possible adsorption process can take place with H₂EB^- form. The molecular dynamics (MD) approach was performed to illuminate the nature of the relationship between the EB and the chitosan (110) surface. It was found that the chitosan (110) surface adsorbs EB molecule in a nearby parallel orientation. The higher negative adsorption energy determined for the H₂EB^- implies that the adsorption mechanism is the typical chemisorption.

The facile synthesis of zoledronate functionalized hydroxyapatite amorphous hybrid nanobiomaterial and its excellent removal performance on Pb2+ and Cu2

In this paper, a simple chemical precipitation method was proposed to obtain zoledronate functionalized hydroxyapatite (zole-HAP) hybrid nano- biomaterials (zole-HAP-HNBM) which were firstly applied to adsorption. The characterizations of materials verified that the addition of zoledronate declined the crystallinity and transformed the morphology of HAP from short rod shape to microsphere, changed micro structure of the hybrid nanobiomaterial. Adsorption experiments carried out under different conditions showed that adsorption capacity of the nanobiomaterial, enhanced by the addition of zoledronate in preparation, which is equal to 1460.14 mg/g on Pb²⁺ and 226.33 mg/g on Cu²⁺ in optimum qualifications, was elevated more than the reported values in many literatures. At last, the sorption mechanisms of HAP and zole-HAP for Pb²⁺and Cu²⁺ were probed by experiments and Multifwn program calculation in details. It suggested that the dominant sorption mechanisms of HAP for Pb²⁺ were ion exchange and dissolution-precipitation rather than surface complexation, while besides the dissolution-precipitation mechanism, surface complexation may contribute more in the adsorption process of 10zole-HAP for Pb²⁺. Once considering HAP and 10zole-HAP, removal mechanisms of Cu²⁺ could involve surface complexation and ion exchange.

Adsorption of indigo carmine on functional chitosan and β-cyclodextrin/chitosan beads: Equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism studies

The present study was designed to produce novel cross-linked Chitosan and Chitosan/β-Cyclodextrin beads and study the adsorption of Indigo Carmine. Both adsorbents were characterized by SEM and FTIR techniques. Batch experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the effect of initial adsorbent's concentration, dye's initial concentration, initial pH and temperature. In all cases Chitosan/β-Cyclodextrin crosslinked beads exhibited higher removal efficiency of Indigo Carmine. Higher removal rates of Indigo Carmine were observed at low values of dye's initial concentration, pH and temperature, and high concentrations of adsorbent. The equilibrium adsorption data were a good fit for both Langmuir and Freundlich models and maximum adsorption capacity was 500.0 and 1000.0 mg_IC/g_adsorbent for Chitosan and Chitosan/β-Cyclodextrin crosslinked beads, respectively. Adsorption of Indigo Carmine was found to follow the pseudo-second order. The negative values of ΔG^o, ΔH^o and ΔS^o indicate that the adsorption process is exothermic, spontaneous and favorable at low temperatures.

Fish scale-extracted hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite scaffolds fabricated by freeze casting-An innovative strategy for water treatment

In this study, low-cost and eco-friendly hydroxyapatite (HA) minerals were extracted from scales of Tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus). After calcination, fish-scale extracted powder was further confirmed to be HA by X-ray diffraction with mean particle size of 5.96 μm determined by particle size analyzer. The calcined powder was utilized as the raw material and combined with chitosan (CS) to synthesize composite scaffolds by freeze casting and cross-linking. Mercury porosimetry results showed that the scaffolds possessed hierarchical porous structure. Microstructural features characterized by SEM revealed unidirectional channel structures with channel sizes ranged from 10 to 100 μm and 1 to 50  μm for scaffolds freeze-casted at 2 ℃/min and 5 ℃/min cooling rates, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of HA/CS composite scaffolds with varying channel sizes were investigated by both batch and fixed-bed processes with different Pb(П) initial concentrations (100 and 1000 mg/L). The adsorption capability was optimized by tuning the cooling rates and the maximum adsorption amount could reach 75-570 mg/g in batch process and 94 mg/g in fixed bed process. In summary, the HA/CS composite scaffolds showed great capability to remove heavy metal ions from waste water and their tunable channel sizes could be applied in suitable fields under both statistic and flowing conditions.