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Ali NS, Thakur S, Ye M, Monteil-Rivera F, Pan Y, Qin W, Yang TC. Uncovering the lignin-degrading potential of Serratia quinivorans AORB19: insights from genomic analyses and alkaline lignin degradation. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:181. [PMID: 38789935 PMCID: PMC11127350 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin is an intricate phenolic polymer found in plant cell walls that has tremendous potential for being converted into value-added products with the possibility of significantly increasing the economics of bio-refineries. Although lignin in nature is bio-degradable, its biocatalytic conversion is challenging due to its stable complex structure and recalcitrance. In this context, an understanding of strain's genomics, enzymes, and degradation pathways can provide a solution for breaking down lignin to unlock the full potential of lignin as a dominant valuable bioresource. A gammaproteobacterial strain AORB19 has been isolated previously from decomposed wood based on its high laccase production. This work then focused on the detailed genomic and functional characterization of this strain based on whole genome sequencing, the identification of lignin degradation products, and the strain's laccase production capabilities on various agro-industrial residues. RESULTS Lignin degrading bacterial strain AORB19 was identified as Serratia quinivorans based on whole genome sequencing and core genome phylogeny. The strain comprised a total of 123 annotated CAZyme genes, including ten cellulases, four hemicellulases, five predicted carbohydrate esterase genes, and eight lignin-degrading enzyme genes. Strain AORB19 was also found to possess genes associated with metabolic pathways such as the β-ketoadipate, gentisate, anthranilate, homogentisic, and phenylacetate CoA pathways. LC-UV analysis demonstrated the presence of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin in the culture media which constitutes potent biosignatures indicating the strain's capability to degrade lignin. Finally, the study evaluated the laccase production of Serratia AORB19 grown with various industrial raw materials, with the highest activity detected on flax seed meal (257.71 U/L), followed by pea hull (230.11 U/L), canola meal (209.56 U/L), okara (187.67 U/L), and barley malt sprouts (169.27 U/L). CONCLUSIONS The whole genome analysis of Serratia quinivorans AORB19, elucidated a repertoire of genes, pathways and enzymes vital for lignin degradation that widens the understanding of ligninolytic metabolism among bacterial lignin degraders. The LC-UV analysis of the lignin degradation products coupled with the ability of S. quinivorans AORB19 to produce laccase on diverse agro-industrial residues underscores its versatility and its potential to contribute to the economic viability of bio-refineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sufdar Ali
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Subarna Thakur
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Mengwei Ye
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fanny Monteil-Rivera
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Youlian Pan
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada.
| | - Trent Chunzhong Yang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- BioWise Technologies Inc, Ottawa, Canada.
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Gong L, Zhang CY, Li J, Montaña-Mora G, Botifoll M, Guo T, Arbiol J, Zhou JY, Kallio T, Martínez-Alanis PR, Cabot A. Enhanced Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde to Benzyl Alcohol on Pd@Ni-MOF by Modifying the Adsorption Configuration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6948-6957. [PMID: 38305160 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) approaches under ambient temperature and pressure offer significant potential advantages over thermal hydrogenation processes but require highly active and efficient hydrogenation electrocatalysts. The performance of such hydrogenation electrocatalysts strongly depends not only on the active phase but also on the architecture and surface chemistry of the support material. Herein, Pd nanoparticles supported on a nickel metal-organic framework (MOF), Ni-MOF-74, are prepared, and their activity toward the ECH of benzaldehyde (BZH) in a 3 M acetate (pH 5.2) aqueous electrolyte is explored. An outstanding ECH rate up to 283 μmol cm-2 h-1 with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 76% is reached. Besides, higher FEs of up to 96% are achieved using a step-function voltage. Materials Studio and density functional theory calculations show these outstanding performances to be associated with the Ni-MOF support that promotes H-bond formation, facilitates water desorption, and induces favorable tilted BZH adsorption on the surface of the Pd nanoparticles. In this configuration, BZH is bonded to the Pd surface by the carbonyl group rather than through the aromatic ring, thus reducing the energy barriers of the elemental reaction steps and increasing the overall reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research─IREC Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Chao Yue Zhang
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research─IREC Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education & School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junshan Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Guillem Montaña-Mora
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research─IREC Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marc Botifoll
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiezhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies─ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Jin Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education & School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tanja Kallio
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | | | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research─IREC Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies─ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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3
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Singh AK, Iqbal HMN, Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Fern'andez-Lucas J, Schmidt JE, Jesionowski T, Bilal M. Structural insights, biocatalytic characteristics, and application prospects of lignin-modifying enzymes for sustainable biotechnology-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124968. [PMID: 37217044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lignin modifying enzymes (LMEs) have gained widespread recognition in depolymerization of lignin polymers by oxidative cleavage. LMEs are a robust class of biocatalysts that include lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), versatile peroxidase (VP), laccase (LAC), and dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP). Members of the LMEs family act on phenolic, non-phenolic substrates and have been widely researched for valorization of lignin, oxidative cleavage of xenobiotics and phenolics. LMEs implementation in the biotechnological and industrial sectors has sparked significant attention, although its potential future applications remain underexploited. To understand the mechanism of LMEs in sustainable pollution mitigation, several studies have been undertaken to assess the feasibility of LMEs in correlating to diverse pollutants for binding and intermolecular interactions at the molecular level. However, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the underlying mechanism. In this review we presented the key structural and functional features of LMEs, including the computational aspects, as well as the advanced applications in biotechnology and industrial research. Furthermore, concluding remarks and a look ahead, the use of LMEs coupled with computational frameworks, built upon artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), has been emphasized as a recent milestone in environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Singh
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Jesús Fern'andez-Lucas
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanizaci'on El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od'on, Spain; Grupo de Investigaci'on en Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, GICNEX, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jens Ejbye Schmidt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
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Ambika, Kumar V, Chandra D, Thakur V, Sharma U, Singh D. Depolymerization of lignin using laccase from Bacillus sp. PCH94 for production of valuable chemicals: A sustainable approach for lignin valorization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123601. [PMID: 36775222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most abundant aromatic polymer in nature, and its depolymerization offers excellent opportunities to develop renewable aromatic chemicals. In the present study, Bacillus sp. PCH94 was investigated for laccase production and lignin depolymerization. Maximum production of laccase enzyme was achieved within 6.0 h at 50 °C on a natural lignocellulosic substrate. Furthermore, Bacillus sp. PCH94 was used to bioconvert lignin dimeric and polymeric substrates, validated using FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C), and LCMS. Genome mining of Bacillus sp. PCH94 revealed laccase gene (lacBl) as multicopper oxidase (spore coat CotA). Further, lacBl from Bacillus sp. PCH94 was cloned, expressed, and kinetically characterized. LacBl enzyme showed activity for substrates ABTS (40.64 IU/mg), guaiacol (5.43 IU/mg), and DMP (11.93 IU/mg). The LacBl was active in higher temperatures (10 to 100 °C) and showed a half-life of 36 and 27 h at 50 and 60 °C, respectively. The purified LacBl was able to depolymerize kraft lignin into valuable products (ferulic acid and acetovanillone), which have applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Overall, the current study demonstrated the role of bacterial laccase in the depolymerization of lignin and opened a promising prospect for the green production of valuable compounds from recalcitrant lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh- 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh- 176061, India.
| | - Devesh Chandra
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh- 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
| | - Vikas Thakur
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh- 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh- 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
| | - Dharam Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh- 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
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5
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Zhou M, Fakayode OA, Ren M, Li H, Liang J, Yagoub AEA, Fan Z, Zhou C. Laccase-catalyzed lignin depolymerization in deep eutectic solvents: challenges and prospects. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:21. [PMID: 38647951 PMCID: PMC10992038 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin has enormous potential as a renewable feedstock for depolymerizing to numerous high-value chemicals. However, lignin depolymerization is challenging owing to its recalcitrant, heterogenous, and limited water-soluble nature. From the standpoint of environmental friendliness and sustainability, enzymatic depolymerization of lignin is of great significance. Notably, laccases play an essential role in the enzymatic depolymerization of lignin and are considered the ultimate green catalysts. Deep eutectic solvent (DES), an efficient media in biocatalysis, are increasingly recognized as the newest and utmost green solvent that highly dissolves lignin. This review centers on a lignin depolymerization strategy by harnessing the good lignin fractionating capability of DES and the high substrate and product selectivity of laccase. Recent progress and insights into the laccase-DES interactions, protein engineering strategies for improving DES compatibility with laccase, and controlling the product selectivity of lignin degradation by laccase or in DES systems are extensively provided. Lastly, the challenges and prospects of the alliance between DES and laccase for lignin depolymerization are discussed. The collaboration of laccase and DES provides a great opportunity to develop an enzymatic route for lignin depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Olugbenga Abiola Fakayode
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, 520001, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Manni Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakang Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zhiliang Fan
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Systems metabolic engineering upgrades Corynebacterium glutamicum to high-efficiency cis, cis-muconic acid production from lignin-based aromatics. Metab Eng 2023; 75:153-169. [PMID: 36563956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lignin displays a highly challenging renewable. To date, massive amounts of lignin, generated in lignocellulosic processing facilities, are for the most part merely burned due to lacking value-added alternatives. Aromatic lignin monomers of recognized relevance are in particular vanillin, and to a lesser extent vanillate, because they are accessible at high yield from softwood-lignin using industrially operated alkaline oxidative depolymerization. Here, we metabolically engineered C. glutamicum towards cis, cis-muconate (MA) production from these key aromatics. Starting from the previously created catechol-based producer C. glutamicum MA-2, systems metabolic engineering first discovered an unspecific aromatic aldehyde reductase that formed aromatic alcohols from vanillin, protocatechualdehyde, and p- hydroxybenzaldehyde, and was responsible for the conversion up to 57% of vanillin into vanillyl alcohol. The alcohol was not re-consumed by the microbe later, posing a strong drawback on the producer. The identification and subsequent elimination of the encoding fudC gene completely abolished vanillyl alcohol formation. Second, the initially weak flux through the native vanillin and vanillate metabolism was enhanced up to 2.9-fold by implementing synthetic pathway modules. Third, the most efficient protocatechuate decarboxylase AroY for conversion of the midstream pathway intermediate protocatechuate into catechol was identified out of several variants in native and codon optimized form and expressed together with the respective helper proteins. Fourth, the streamlined modules were all genomically combined which yielded the final strain MA-9. MA-9 produced bio-based MA from vanillin, vanillate, and seven structurally related aromatics at maximum selectivity. In addition, MA production from softwood-based vanillin, obtained through alkaline depolymerization, was demonstrated.
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Improvement of thermoalkaliphilic laccase (CtLac) by a directed evolution and application to lignin degradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 107:273-286. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Thermoalkaliphilic laccase (CtLac) from the Caldalkalibacillus thermarum strain TA2.A1 has advantageous properties with potential industrial applications, such as high enzyme activity and stability at 70 °C and pH 8.0. In the present study, a directed evolution approach using a combination of random and site-directed mutagenesis was adopted to enhance the laccase activity of CtLac. Spectrophotometric assay and real-time oxygen measurement techniques were employed to compare and evaluate the enzyme activity among mutants. V243 was targeted for site-directed mutagenesis based on library screening. V243D showed a 25–35% higher laccase activity than wild-type CtLac in the spectrophotometric assay and oxygen consumption measurement results. V243D also showed higher catalytic efficiency than wild-type CtLac with decreased Km and increased kcat values. In addition, V243D enhanced oxidative degradation of the lignin model compound, guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGGE), by 10% and produced a 5–30% increase in high-value aldehydes than wild-type CtLac under optimal enzymatic conditions (i.e., 70 °C and pH 8.0). Considering the lack of protein structural information, we used the directed evolution approach to predict Val at the 243 position of CtLac as one of the critical amino acids contributing to the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Moreover, it found that the real-time oxygen measurement technique could overcome the limitations of the spectrophotometric assay, and apply to evaluate oxidase activity in mutagenesis research.
Key points
• CtLac was engineered for enhanced laccase activity through directed evolution approach
• V243D showed higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than wild-type CtLac
• V243D produced higher amounts of high-value aldehydes from rice straw than wild-type CtLac
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Liu ZH, Li BZ, Yuan JS, Yuan YJ. Creative biological lignin conversion routes toward lignin valorization. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1550-1566. [PMID: 36270902 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, the largest renewable aromatic resource, is a promising alternative feedstock for the sustainable production of various chemicals, fuels, and materials. Despite this potential, lignin is characterized by heterogeneous and macromolecular structures that must be addressed. In this review, we present biological lignin conversion routes (BLCRs) that offer opportunities for overcoming these challenges, making lignin valorization feasible. Funneling heterogeneous aromatics via a 'biological funnel' offers a high-specificity bioconversion route for aromatic platform chemicals. The inherent aromaticity of lignin drives atom-economic functionalization routes toward aromatic natural product generation. By harnessing the ligninolytic capacities of specific microbial systems, powerful aromatic ring-opening routes can be developed to generate various value-added products. Thus, BLCRs hold the promise to make lignin valorization feasible and enable a lignocellulose-based bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Joshua S Yuan
- Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, The McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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9
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Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Tringali C. Laccase-mediated synthesis of bioactive natural products and their analogues. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:614-647. [PMID: 35755186 PMCID: PMC9175115 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00259g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are a class of multicopper oxidases that catalyse the one-electron oxidation of four equivalents of a reducing substrate, with the concomitant four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water. Typically, they catalyse many anabolic reactions, in which mostly phenolic metabolites were subjected to oxidative coupling. Alternatively, laccases catalyse the degradation or modification of biopolymers like lignin in catabolic processes. In recent years, laccases have proved valuable and green biocatalysts for synthesising compounds with therapeutic value, including antitumor, antibiotic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agents. Further up to date applications include oxidative depolymerisation of lignin to gain new biomaterials and bioremediation processes of industrial waste. This review summarizes selected examples from the last decade's literature about the laccase-mediated synthesis of biologically active natural products and their analogues; these will include lignans and neolignans, dimeric stilbenoids, biflavonoids, biaryls and other compounds of potential interest for the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, a short section about applications of laccases in natural polymer modification has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania V.le A. Doria 6 95125-Catania Italy +39-095-580138 +39-095-7385041 +39-095-7385025
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania V.le A. Doria 6 95125-Catania Italy +39-095-580138 +39-095-7385041 +39-095-7385025
| | - Corrado Tringali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania V.le A. Doria 6 95125-Catania Italy +39-095-580138 +39-095-7385041 +39-095-7385025
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10
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Liu H, Liu ZH, Zhang RK, Yuan JS, Li BZ, Yuan YJ. Bacterial conversion routes for lignin valorization. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Zhu D, Qaria MA, Zhu B, Sun J, Yang B. Extremophiles and extremozymes in lignin bioprocessing. RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2022; 157:112069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.112069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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12
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Di Fidio N, Timmermans JW, Antonetti C, Raspolli Galletti AM, Gosselink RJA, Bisselink RJM, Slaghek TM. Electro-oxidative depolymerisation of technical lignin in water using platinum, nickel oxide hydroxide and graphite electrodes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the lignin exploitation to added-value bioproducts, a mild chemical conversion route based on electrochemistry was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Fidio
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry
- University of Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Johan W. Timmermans
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research
- Wageningen University & Research
- 6708 WG Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Antonetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry
- University of Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | | | - Richard J. A. Gosselink
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research
- Wageningen University & Research
- 6708 WG Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Roel J. M. Bisselink
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research
- Wageningen University & Research
- 6708 WG Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Ted M. Slaghek
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research
- Wageningen University & Research
- 6708 WG Wageningen
- The Netherlands
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Saikia K, Vishnu D, Rathankumar AK, Palanisamy Athiyaman B, Batista-García RA, Folch-Mallol JL, Cabana H, Kumar VV. Development of a magnetically separable co-immobilized laccase and versatile peroxidase system for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to vanillin. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:1252-1259. [PMID: 32701040 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1760958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin obtained from renewable biomass is a potential feedstock for the synthesis of various value-added chemicals through efficient biocatalytic routes. The ligninolytic enzymes-assisted depolymerization of lignin to vanillin constitutes the most commercially attractive and promising approach in green chemistry as vanillin constitutes the second most prevalent flavoring agent. Thus, in the present work, immobilized laccase and versatile peroxidase, and further, a co-immobilized laccase and versatile peroxidase system on magnetic silica microspheres (MSMS) were developed to generate a robust biocatalytic system that mediates the depolymerization of lignin obtained from Casuarina equisetifolia biomass. The depolymerization of lignin by free and immobilized laccase showed a vanillin yield of 24.8% and 23%, respectively, at pH 4.0 in 6 h at 30°C against a vanillin yield of 20% and 21.7% with the free and immobilized versatile peroxidase, respectively, at pH 5.0°C and 50°C. Comparatively, the system with the co-immobilized laccase and versatile peroxidase exhibited a 1-fold and 1.2-fold higher vanillin yield than the free and immobilized laccase system, respectively. On comparing with the versatile peroxidase system, the co-immobilized biocatalytic system displayed 1.3-fold and 1.2-fold increased vanillin yield than the free and immobilized versatile peroxidase system, respectively, at a pH of 6.0 in 6 h at 30°C with an enzyme concentration of 1 U/ml. The reusability studies of the co-immobilized biocatalytic system exhibited that both the enzymes retained up to 40% of its activity till sixth cycle. Implications: The waste biomass of Casuarina equisetifolia is widely available around the coastal regions of India which does not have any agricultural or industrial applications. The present work exploits the lignocellulosic content of the Casuarina biomass to extract the lignin, which provides a renewable alternative for the production of the commercially high-valued compound, vanillin. This work also integrates a co-immobilized biocatalytic process comprising of laccase and versatile peroxidase leading to an environmentally benign enzymatic process for the depolymerization of lignin to vanillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongkona Saikia
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, India
- Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université , Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Dhanya Vishnu
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, India
| | - Abiram Karanam Rathankumar
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, India
- Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université , Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Laboratorio Fisiología Molecular Microorganismos Extremófilos, Centro de Investigaciones en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos , Cuernavaca, México
| | - Balakumaran Palanisamy Athiyaman
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology , Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Laboratorio Fisiología Molecular Microorganismos Extremófilos, Centro de Investigaciones en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos , Cuernavaca, México
| | - Jorge Luis Folch-Mallol
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del estado de Morleos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université , Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, India
- Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université , Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Laboratorio Fisiología Molecular Microorganismos Extremófilos, Centro de Investigaciones en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos , Cuernavaca, México
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del estado de Morleos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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14
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Morales GM, Ali SS, Si H, Zhang W, Zhang R, Hosseini K, Sun J, Zhu D. Acidic Versus Alkaline Bacterial Degradation of Lignin Through Engineered Strain E. coli BL21(Lacc): Exploring the Differences in Chemical Structure, Morphology, and Degradation Products. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:671. [PMID: 32714907 PMCID: PMC7344149 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in research on lignin biodegradation compounds as potential building blocks in applications related to renewable products. More attention is necessary to evaluate the effects of the initial pH conditions during the bacterial degradation of lignin. In this study we performed experiments on lignin biodegradation under acidic and mild alkaline conditions. For acidic biodegradation, lignin was chemically pretreated with hydrogen peroxide. Alkaline biodegradation was achieved by developing the bacterial growth on Luria and Bertani medium with alkali lignin as the sole carbon source. The mutant strain Escherichia coli BL21(Lacc) was used to carry out lignin biodegradation over 10 days of incubation. Results demonstrated that under acidic conditions there was a predominance of aliphatic compounds of the C3–C4 type. Alkaline biodegradation was produced in the context of oxidative stress, with a greater abundance of aryl compounds. The final pH values of acidic and alkaline biodegradation of lignin were 2.53 and 7.90, respectively. The results of the gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis detected compounds such as crotonic acid, lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutanoic acid for acidic conditions, with potential applications for adhesives and polymer precursors. Under alkaline conditions, detected compounds included 2-phenylethanol and dehydroabietic acid, with potential applications for perfumery and anti tumor/anti-inflammatory medications. Size-exclusion chromatography analysis showed that the weight-average molecular weight of the alkaline biodegraded lignin increased by 6.75-fold compared to the acidic method, resulting in a repolymerization of its molecular structure. Lignin repolymerization coincided with an increase in the relative abundance of dehydroabietic acid and isovanillyl alcohol, from 2.70 and 3.96% on day zero to 13.43 and 10.26% on 10th day. The results of the Fourier-transformed Infrared spectroscopy detected the presence of C = O bond and OH functional group associated with carboxylic acids in the acidic method. In the alkaline method there was a greater preponderance of signals related to skeletal aromatic structures, the amine functional group and the C – O – bond. Lignin biodegradation products from E. coli BL21(Lacc), under different initial pH conditions, demonstrated a promising potential to enlarge the spectrum of renewable products for biorefinery activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Murillo Morales
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sameh S Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibing Si
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rongxian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keyvan Hosseini
- School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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15
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Weiss R, Guebitz GM, Pellis A, Nyanhongo GS. Harnessing the Power of Enzymes for Tailoring and Valorizing Lignin. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1215-1231. [PMID: 32423726 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a structural component of lignocellulosic plants, is an alternative raw material with enormous potential to replace diminishing fossil-based resources for the sustainable production of many chemicals and materials. Unfortunately, lignin's heterogeneity, low reactivity, and strong intra- and intermolecular hydrogen interactions and modifications introduced during the pulping process present significant technical challenges. However, the increasing ability to tailor lignin biosynthesis pathways by targeting enzymes and the continued discovery of more robust biocatalysts are enabling the synthesis of novel valuable products. This review summarizes how enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis pathways and microbial enzymes are being harnessed to produce chemicals and materials and to upgrade lignin properties for the synthesis of a variety of value-added lignin industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Weiss
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria; Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Gibson S Nyanhongo
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria; Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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16
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Liu Y, Luo G, Ngo HH, Guo W, Zhang S. Advances in thermostable laccase and its current application in lignin-first biorefinery: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122511. [PMID: 31839492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant aromatic polymers on the Earth, lignin has great potential to produce biofuels and aromatic chemicals due to their high carbon content and low oxygen content. Lignin-first biorefinery methods have attracted increasing attention recently for their high-value of aromatic chemicals, and high biofuels productivity from lignocellulosic wastes. Thermostable laccase has proven to be an excellent alternative catalyst in degrading lignin for its versatile catalytic abilities under industrial conditions and pollution-free by-products. Thermostable laccases can be found in native extreme environments or modified by biologically based technologies such as gene recombination expression and enzyme direct evolution. This review demonstrated thermostable laccases and their application in lignin degradation. Future research should focus more on the investigation of the reaction of thermostable laccases with lignin substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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17
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Abstract
There is a high number of well characterized, commercially available laccases with different redox potentials and low substrate specificity, which in turn makes them attractive for a vast array of biotechnological applications. Laccases operate as batteries, storing electrons from individual substrate oxidation reactions to reduce molecular oxygen, releasing water as the only by-product. Due to society’s increasing environmental awareness and the global intensification of bio-based economies, the biotechnological industry is also expanding. Enzymes such as laccases are seen as a better alternative for use in the wood, paper, textile, and food industries, and they are being applied as biocatalysts, biosensors, and biofuel cells. Almost 140 years from the first description of laccase, industrial implementations of these enzymes still remain scarce in comparison to their potential, which is mostly due to high production costs and the limited control of the enzymatic reaction side product(s). This review summarizes the laccase applications in the last decade, focusing on the published patents during this period.
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18
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Gao C, Wang X, Zhai S, An Q. Enhanced catalytic activity of nanosilver with lignin/polyacrylamide hydrogel for reducing p-nitrophenol. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:202-209. [PMID: 31075332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, as the second largest natural polymer in nature, has great practical application value. Three-dimensional silver/lignin/PAM hydrogels have been successfully prepared via a rapid and convenient assembly process, showing good catalytic hydrogenation ability and stability in batch and dynamic catalytic processes of p-nitrophenol. It can be seen from the characterization results that abundant amino groups in the catalyst carrier can disperse silver ions homogeneously and limit the growth of silver nanoparticles in the reduction process with sodium borohydride. At room temperature, the catalytic process can be completed in about 5 min by using this catalyst and can maintain about 100 min of efficient catalysis in the dynamic catalytic experiment, the conversion rate can reach about 80%. After 10 times use, the catalyst still maintained good catalytic performance and the conversion rate could be kept at 97%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Gao
- Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shangru Zhai
- Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Qingda An
- Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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