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Yin Y, Shi X, Cai X, Liu F, Ni W, Li B, Wan X, Ren M. Isolation Techniques, Structural Characteristics, and Pharmacological Effects of Phellinus Polysaccharides: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:3047. [PMID: 38998999 PMCID: PMC11243265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Phellinus is a precious perennial medicinal fungus. Its polysaccharides are important bioactive components, and their chemical composition is complex. The polysaccharides are mainly extracted from the fruiting body and mycelium. The yield of the polysaccharides is dependent on the extraction method. They have many pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, etc. They are also reported to show minor toxic and side effects. Many studies have reported the anticancer activity of Phellinus polysaccharides. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of the current methodologies for the extraction and purification of Phellinus polysaccharides. Additionally, it delves into the structural characteristics, pharmacological activities, and mechanisms of action of these polysaccharides. The primary aim of this review is to offer a valuable resource for researchers, facilitating further studies on Phellinus polysaccharides and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (F.L.); (W.N.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (F.L.); (W.N.)
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (F.L.); (W.N.)
| | - Fangrui Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (F.L.); (W.N.)
| | - Wenting Ni
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (F.L.); (W.N.)
| | - Baohong Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Xinhuan Wan
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (F.L.); (W.N.)
| | - Meng Ren
- College of Physical Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Zhao XL, Guo ZL, Qi KL, Zhou QS, Liu YM, Xiong LX, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang WJ. The Polysaccharides from Pinellia ternata and Their Derivatives: Preparation, Structure Characteristics, and Activities in Vitro. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400596. [PMID: 38804585 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Three polysaccharides, PTC, PTH, and PTB, were extracted from Pinellia ternata using three different extraction conditions: room temperature water, hot water, and 2 % Na2CO3 solution. PTC and PTH were composed of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, and arabinose, which combine to form complex structures. PTB was composed solely of glucose and rhamnose. Further analysis indicated that PTC and PTB exhibited triple-helix structures. PTC showed the highest scavenging capacity against DPPH, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1004.1, 1584.1, and 1584.1 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, PTC, PTH, and PTB were subjected to sulfation, phosphorylation, and selenization, resulting in the production of nine derivates. The distinctive absorptive bands of these derivates were determined through infrared spectroscopy. Selenized and sulfated derivates have shown significant antitumor and immunoenhancing properties. Our findings revealed that at 400 μg/mL, the inhibition rate of selenated PTB on HeLa cells was 54.2 % and that on HepG2 cells was 43.1 %. Additionally, selenized PTC displayed significant immunoenhancing activity, with a proliferation rate of 63.7 % at 400 μg/mL in RAW264.7 cells. These results provide valuable evidence supporting the consideration of polysaccharides from Pinellia ternata as a potential candidate for the development of antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Zheng-Lei Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Kai-Li Qi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Qing-Song Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Yan-Mei Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
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Dong YH, Wang ZX, Chen C, Wang PP, Fu X. A review on the hypoglycemic effect, mechanism and application development of natural dietary polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127267. [PMID: 37820903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) as one chronic metabolic disease was greatly increased over recent decades. The major agents treating diabetes have noticeable side effects as well as the tolerability problems. The bioactive dietary polysaccharides from abundant natural resources exhibit good hypoglycemic effect with rare adverse effects, which might serve as a candidate to prevent and treat diabetes. However, the correlations between the hypoglycemic mechanism of polysaccharides and their structure were not mentioned in several studies, what's more, most of the current hypoglycemic studies on polysaccharides were based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, and there was a lack of knowledge about the effects in human clinical trials. The aim of this review is to discuss recent literature about the variety of dietary polysaccharides with hypoglycemic activity, as well the mechanism of action and the structure-function relationship are highlighted. Meanwhile, the application of dietary polysaccharides in functional foods and clinical medicine are realized with an in-depth understanding. So as to promote the exploration of dietary polysaccharides in low glycemic healthy foods or clinical medicine to prevent and treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Dong
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- College of life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Chun Chen
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangzhou Inst Modern Ind Technol, Nansha 511458, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ping-Ping Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangzhou Inst Modern Ind Technol, Nansha 511458, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China.
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Lin G, Li Y, Chen X, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Zhang A. Extraction, structure and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus spp.: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Hui H, Jin H, Yang X, Gao W, Qin B. The structure and antioxidant activities of three high molecular weight polysaccharides purified from the bulbs of Lanzhou lily. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Fu L, Song J, Lu N, Yan J, Lin J, Wang W. Effects of Cultivation Methods on the Nutritional Content, Active Component Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Fruiting Bodies of Sanghuangporus baumii (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:45-54. [PMID: 37585315 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023048534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
To provide a scientific reference for improving the sawdust cultivation of Sanghuangporus baumii, comparative studies were conducted on the contents of nutritional components and active components and the antioxidant activity of the fruiting bodies of S. baumii cultivated with sawdust and cut logs. The results indicate that, first, cultivation methods had little effect on the contents of crude fat and the measured 16 kinds of amino acids [including total essential amino acids (EAA), total nonessential amino acids (NEAA), EAA/NEAA, and EAA/total amino acid (TAA)], but had a great influence on the contents of crude protein, crude fiber and TAA. These results suggest that the nutritional content under sawdust cultivation was significantly higher than that under cut-log cultivation. Second, the cultivation methods had little effect on the content of triterpenoids but had a great effect on the contents of polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total phenols, which showed that cut-log cultivation was significantly higher than sawdust cultivation. Third, the cultivation methods had a great effect on the antioxidant activities (ABTS and FRAP), which showed that cut-log cultivation was significantly higher than sawdust cultivation. The contents of polysaccharides, total flavonoids, and total phenols and the ABTS and FRAP activities using sawdust cultivation were lower than those using cut-log cultivation, which may be related to the mushroom strains, cultivation medium formula and cultivation technology. The results provide a solid basis for the improvement and promotion of new cultivation technologies for S. baumii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiling Song
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Na Lu
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yan
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiayao Lin
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weike Wang
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Feng N, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yang Y, Liu L, Feng J. Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Mushrooms. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 184:219-268. [PMID: 36244999 DOI: 10.1007/10_2022_202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Research progress of active compounds and biological activities of medicinal mushroom-Ganoderma spp., Hericium spp., Phellinus spp., and Cordyceps spp. were summarized systematically. The main active compounds of medicinal mushrooms included are polysaccharides, proteins, triterpenes, meroterpenoids, polyphenols and nitrogen-containing compounds. The biological activities of the compounds cover immunomodulatory activity, antitumor activity, hypoglycemic activity, hepatoprotective activity, and activity of regulation of intellectual flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Feng
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhang H, Jiang F, Li L, Liu X, Yan JK. Recent advances in the bioactive polysaccharides and other key components from Phellinus spp. and their pharmacological effects: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:3108-3128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Xiao M, Jia X, Wang N, Kang J, Hu X, Goff HD, Cui SW, Ding H, Guo Q. Therapeutic potential of non-starch polysaccharides on type 2 diabetes: from hypoglycemic mechanism to clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1177-1210. [PMID: 36036965 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) have been reported to exert therapeutic potential on managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Various mechanisms have been proposed; however, several studies have not considered the correlations between the anti-T2DM activity of NSPs and their molecular structure. Moreover, the current understanding of the role of NSPs in T2DM treatment is mainly based on in vitro and in vivo data, and more human clinical trials are required to verify the actual efficacy in treating T2DM. The related anti-T2DM mechanisms of NSPs, including regulating insulin action, promoting glucose metabolism and regulating postprandial blood glucose level, anti-inflammatory and regulating gut microbiota (GM), are reviewed. The structure-function relationships are summarized, and the relationships between NSPs structure and anti-T2DM activity from clinical trials are highlighted. The development of anti-T2DM medication or dietary supplements of NSPs could be promoted with an in-depth understanding of the multiple regulatory effects in the treatment/intervention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Nifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering & Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, AAFC, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Wang H, Ma JX, Zhou M, Si J, Cui BK. Current advances and potential trends of the polysaccharides derived from medicinal mushrooms sanghuang. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:965934. [PMID: 35992671 PMCID: PMC9382022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, sanghuang is distinctive as a general designation for a group of precious and rare Chinese medicinal mushrooms. Numerous investigations have revealed that polysaccharide is one of the important biological active ingredients of sanghuang with various excellent biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, and anti-microbial functionalities. For the past two decades, preparation, structural characterization, and reliable bioactivities of the polysaccharides from fruiting bodies, cultured mycelia, and fermentation broth of sanghuang have been arousing extensive interest, and particularly, different strains, sources, and isolation protocols might result in obvious discrepancies in structural features and bioactivities. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent reports on preparation strategies, structural features, bioactivities, and structure-activity relationships of sanghuang polysaccharides, which will enrich the knowledge on the values of natural sanghuang polysaccharides and support their further development and utilization as therapeutic agents, vaccines, and functional foods in tonic and clinical treatment.
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Structural diversity and bioactivity of polysaccharides from medicinal mushroom Phellinus spp.: A review. Food Chem 2022; 397:133731. [PMID: 35908464 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phellinus spp., an important medicinal fungus mushroom extensively cultivated and consumed in East Asia for over 2000 years, is traditionally considered a precious food supplement and medicinal ingredient. Published studies showed that the polysaccharides are major bioactive macromolecules from Phellinus spp. (PPs) with multiple health-promoting effects, including immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and other bioactivities. Although the polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body, mycelium, and fermentation broth of Phellinus spp. have been extensively studied for the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, and pharmacological activities, the knowledge for their structures and bioactivity relationship, toxicologic effects, and pharmacokinetic profile is limited. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in the isolation and purification, chemical structures, bioactivities, and the underlying mechanisms of PPs. Information from this review provides insights into the further development of polysaccharides from PPs as therapeutic agents and functional foods.
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Cheng J, Song J, Wang Y, Wei H, He L, Liu Y, Ding H, Huang Q, Hu C, Huang X, Jiang Y, Wu Y. Conformation and anticancer activity of a novel mannogalactan from the fruiting bodies of Sanghuangporus sanghuang on HepG2 cells. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111336. [PMID: 35651086 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel water-soluble mannogalactan (SSPS1) with an average molecular weight of 2.04 × 104 Da was obtained from the fruiting bodies of the Sanghuangporus sanghuang. It revealed that SSPS1 was composed of d-galactose, d-mannose, l-fucose, 3-O-methylgalactose and d-glucose in a ratio of 6.2:3.9:3.1:2.1:1.0. The structural elucidation of SSPS1 consisted of 1, 6-linked α-D-Galp, 1, 6-linked α-D-Manp and 1, 6-linked 3-O-methyl-α-D-Galp backbone with branching at O-2 of 1, 6-α-D-mannosyl residues by α-L-Fucp and α-D-Glcp units. The conformational parameters suggested that a flexible chain conformation of SSPS1 in solution based on light scattering and atomic force microscopy imaging. Intriguingly, it presented potent anticancer activity on HepG2 cell with Rq and Ra values increased dramatically up to 73.93 nm and 53.92 nm compared with the control. The analysis of flow cytometry indicated SSPS1 could induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells and arrest them via S phase. Western blot assay further uncovered that apoptosis process was triggered by SSPS1 via a mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway, which was evidenced by an increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, the release of cytochrome c and the strong activation of caspase-3 and 9. Taken together, these results suggested that SSPS1 might be applied in functional food as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiling Song
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Hailong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongmei Ding
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Chuanjiu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xubo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China; Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Youliang Wu
- Characteristic Plantation Technology Extension Center of Jiangshan, Zhejiang 324199, China.
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Hui H, Gao W. Structure characterization, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of an arabinogalactoglucan from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:346-357. [PMID: 35276291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An arabinogalactoglucan SBP-1 was purified from Scutellaria baicalensis by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The structure of SBP-1 was characterized using HPLC, IR, GC-MS, 1-D and 2-D NMR. The antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of SBP-1 was investigated by vitro evaluation. The results showed that SBP-1 was composed of arabinose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.0:5.9:1.1 and its Mw were 91,156. The backbone of SBP-1 was mainly composed of repeating →1)-α-D-Glcp-(4 → 1)-α-D-Glcp-(3 → 1)-α-D-Galp-(4→. The braches were composed of →2)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→, which mainly substituted at O-6 of Glc, while terminal residue was α-L-Araf-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→. Vitro bioactivity showed that SBP-1 had dose-dependent antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. The scavenging rate on ABTS, DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals was all beyond 60% as SBP-1 concentration reached 4 mg/mL, and the inhibition rate on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was both more than 80%, which was closely to that of acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Hui
- Gansu Vocational College of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China.
| | - Weijun Gao
- Gansu Vocational College of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
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Hui H, Gao W. Physicochemical features and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Herba Patriniae by gradient ethanol precipitation. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Wan X, Jin X, Wu X, Yang X, Lin D, Li C, Fu Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Lv J, Gontcharov AA, Yang H, Wang Q, Li Y. Structural characterisation and antitumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer of polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus vaninii. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 276:118798. [PMID: 34823804 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal fungus Sanghuangporus vaninii can be cultivated in large scale and has outstanding antitumour activity. In this study, water-soluble S. vaninii polysaccharides (SVPs) were extracted from fruiting bodies. Four polysaccharide sub-fractions (SVP-W, SVP-1, SVP-2 and SVP-3) were isolated, with molecular weights from 90.50 kDa to 261.70 kDa, and all inhibited the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549, 95-D and NCI-H460, especially the acidic SVP-1. SVP-1 affected cell morphology and colony formation in NCI-H460 cells. It also promoted cell apoptosis following nuclear fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that SVP-1 is a heteroglycan with the main chain →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, and the branched chain α-D-Manp-(1 → 2)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→. The findings indicate that this natural acidic polysaccharide has potential for non-small cell lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Wan
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xinmin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- Electric Diagnosis Department, Jilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin 132000, China
| | - Changtian Li
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yongping Fu
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang Liu
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinze Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jianhua Lv
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Andrey A Gontcharov
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, FEB RAS, 100-letia Vladivostoka Prospect, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Qi Wang
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yu Li
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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17
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Zhang T, Sun G, Shuai M, Ye J, Huang J, Yao X, Sun C, Min X. Purification, chemical analysis and inhibitory effects on galectin-3 of enzymatic pH-modified citrus pectin. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100169. [PMID: 34877529 PMCID: PMC8628203 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EMCP is fractionated by ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatographies. EMCP fractions contain glucan backbone and different saccharides as side chains. RG-II domain may weaken the binding strength between EMCP fractions and Gal-3. EMCP-3p and EMCP-2p exhibit strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines.
Modified citrus pectin (MCP), a commercially available dietary supplement prepared from citrus pectin, contains several different polysaccharide domains, but its primary chemical structure and the binding epitopes that antagonize galectin-3 function remain unclear. In this study, five fractions were isolated from MCP after endo-polygalacturonase degradation (EMCP) and a combination of DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B or Sephadex G-75 chromatography. Their primary structures, abilities to inhibit galectin-3-mediated hemagglutination, and antiproliferation activities on MCF-7 and A549 cell lines were studied. Results showed that EMCP-3p, one of the five fractions, was composed of Glc (89.8%), Gal (3.8%), Ara (3.1%), GalA (1.1%), Man (0.9%), and Rha (1.3%) with an average molecular weight of 88.4 KDa, which had the most substantial degree of galectin-3 inhibition with an MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and it exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (36.7%) and A549 (57.4%) cell lines. These results provide new insight into the structure–function relationships of EMCP-derived polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Guoqing Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Ming Shuai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jingyu Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Chengxin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xun Min
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
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18
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Yang K, Jin Y, Cai M, He P, Tian B, Guan R, Yu G, Sun P. Separation, characterization and hypoglycemic activity in vitro evaluation of a low molecular weight heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting body of Phellinus pini. Food Funct 2021; 12:3493-3503. [PMID: 33900340 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00297j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms have potential in anti-diabetic phytotherapy. They are rich in natural compounds such as polysaccharides, which have been known to have antihyperlipidemic effects since ancient times. A polysaccharide fraction of PP80 and a contained low molecular-weight (Mw), water-soluble polysaccharide (PPW-1, Mw: 3.2 kDa) were isolated from the fruiting body of Phellinus pini. Both PP80 and PPW-1 possess α-glucosidase inhibition and glucose consumption amelioration in an insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of PPW-1 (IC50 = 2.2 ± 0.1 mg mL-1) is significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those of PP80 (IC50 = 13.1 ± 0.5 mg mL-1) and acarbose (IC50 = 4.3 ± 0.2 mg mL-1), behaving in a non-competitive inhibition manner. The structural characterization results indicated that PPW-1 is a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide composed of d-glucose, d-mannose, d-galactose and l-rhamnose. The major backbone of PPW-1 is primarily comprised of 1,6-linked glucopyranose, every third residue of which is branched at the O-3 position by a side chain consisting of 1,3-linked and terminal glucopyranose. In addition, small amounts of 1,2-linked-α-d-Manp, 1,6-linked-3-O-Me-α-d-Galp and rhamnose exist in PPW-1. In summary, PPW-1 is a novel heteropolysaccharide with potent in vitro hypoglycemic activity, and it may be a potential dietary component for improving glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yuezhong Jin
- Zhejiang Yangzhikang Bio-technology Co., Ltd, Huzhou 313200, P. R. China
| | - Ming Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Pengfei He
- Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, P. R. China.
| | - Baoming Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Rongfa Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Genrong Yu
- Hangzhou Meiyuan Food Co. Ltd, Huzhou 311106, P. R. China
| | - Peilong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
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19
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Sun Y, Huo J, Zhong S, Zhu J, Li Y, Li X. Chemical structure and anti-inflammatory activity of a branched polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus baumii. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 268:118214. [PMID: 34127216 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phellinus baumii is used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastroenteritis. In this study, a 46 kDa heteropolysaccharide SHPS-1 was isolated from fruiting bodies of P. baumii. SHPS-1 consisted of arabinose, mannose, glucose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 2.2:15.7:49.3:32.8. SHPS-1 had a backbone containing 1,3-linked β-D-Glcp and 1,6-linked α-D-Galp residues, and Araf, Manp and Galp units were attached as oligosaccharidic side chains to the backbone at C-6 of some glucopyranoses. SHPS-1 decreased phosphorylation level of STAT-1 and expression levels of STAT-1 targeted genes such as iNOS and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, SHPS-1 promoted the expression of IL-10 and macrophage mannose receptor CD 206, markers of tissue repairing macrophages. SHPS-1 alleviated ulcerative colitis in mice by decreasing pro-inflammatory genes and increasing anti-inflammatory and tissue repairing genes. Collectively, SHPS-1 polysaccharide from P. baumii had anti-inflammatory activity and can potentially treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jinxi Huo
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shi Zhong
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jianxun Zhu
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yougui Li
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Yangzhou Borui Saccharide Biotech Co., Ltd, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Wu Y, Liu H, Li Z, Huang D, Nong L, Ning Z, Hu Z, Xu C, Yan JK. Purification of polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus by using an aqueous two-phase system and evaluation of the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides in vitro. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:89-98. [PMID: 33939578 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1911815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Phellinus linteus polysaccharides (PLPS) and proteins were simultaneously separated from P. linteus mycelia by using an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) based on choline chloride ([Chol]Cl)/K2HPO4, and the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of PLPS after ATPS extraction were evaluated. Results demonstrated that the maximal extraction efficiencies of 68.53% ± 0.29% PLPS and 82.37% ± 0.41% proteins were obtained when the cholinium-based ATPS contained 68.9% K2HPO4, 20% [Chol]Cl, 10.0 mg mL-1 crude water extract (1.0 mL), and distilled water (4.0 mL) at shaking time and temperature of 30 min and 21.2 °C, respectively. Compared with C-PLPS obtained using traditional ethanol precipitation and isolation protocols, PLPS had higher carbohydrate content (63.58% ± 1.12%), lower molecular weight (15.2 kDa, 80%), different monosaccharide compositions, and showed similar preliminary structural characterizations. Moreover, PLPS exhibited more evident scavenging effects on free radicals and in vitro antioxidant activities than C-PLPS. Therefore, the method of [Chol]Cl/K2HPO4 ATPS can be developed as an effective strategy for the separation/purification of highly bioactive polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongye Huang
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lizheng Nong
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenxing Ning
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhizhong Hu
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunping Xu
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing-Kun Yan
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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21
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Tu J, Brennan M, Brennan C. An insight into the mechanism of interactions between mushroom polysaccharides and starch. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Wan X, Jin X, Xie M, Liu J, Gontcharov AA, Wang H, Lv R, Liu D, Wang Q, Li Y. Characterization of a polysaccharide from Sanghuangporus vaninii and its antitumor regulation via activation of the p53 signaling pathway in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:865-877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Structural characterization and hypoglycemic activity of an intracellular polysaccharide from Sanghuangporus sanghuang mycelia. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3305-3314. [PMID: 32871118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A neutral polysaccharide (SSIPS1) was isolated and purified from cultured mycelia of Sanghuangporus sanghuang by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-100 columns. Basic monosaccharide composition indicated that SSIPS1 was mainly composed of d-glucose. The results of methylation and 2D-NMR analysis suggested that the glycosidic linkages of SSIPS1 were elucidated to consisted of 1,4-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp) residues with two branched points at O-6. The two branches were composed of 1,4-linked α-D-Glcp terminated with α-D-Glcp, 1,4-linked α-D-Glcp and 1,4-linked β-Galp terminated by α-D-Glcp. Moreover, its chain conformation was revealed to present a flexible chain conformation in 0.1 NaNO3 with a hydrodynamic radius and radius of gyration of 3.26 and 6.45 nm by multi-angle laser light scattering, with a single chain of 0.559 nm observed by atomic force microscopy. Further, SSIPS1 exhibited a potential inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and it had hypoglycemic effects on in vitro insulin resistance of HepG2 cells as well.
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24
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Zhang T, Shuai M, Ma P, Huang J, Sun C, Yao X, Chen Z, Min X, Yan S. Purification, chemical analysis and antioxidative activity of polysaccharides from pH-modified citrus pectin after dialyzation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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The Antitumor Potential of Extract of the Oak Bracket Medicinal Mushroom Inonotus baumii in SMMC-7721 Tumor Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1242784. [PMID: 31662769 PMCID: PMC6778873 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1242784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inonotus baumii, a traditional medicinal mushroom, has been historically used in China and other countries of East Asia for the treatment of various diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the antitumor activity of the extract of I. baumii (EIB) against hepatocellular carcinoma and the possible mechanism involved. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the proliferative activity of SMMC-7721 cells treated with EIB. Hoechst 33258 and JC-1 staining were used to determine nuclear morphological changes and mitochondrial membrane potential, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that EIB blocked the cell cycle at the S phase and induced significant apoptosis. EIB increased the protein expression of Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and decreased Bcl-2 in SMMC-7721. Moreover, EIB induced autophagy, indicated by the increase of autophagy-related protein expression of LC3-II and decrease of p62, and the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway was involved in the autophagic cell death. In vivo, EIB was found to strongly inhibit the growth of tumors in BALB/c nude mice. Our results indicated that I. baumii might be a potential natural therapeutic agent for liver cancer, as it could induce apoptosis and autophagy in HCC cells.
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26
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Lin X, Ji X, Wang M, Yin S, Peng Q. An alkali-extracted polysaccharide from Zizyphus jujuba cv. Muzao: Structural characterizations and antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:607-615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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