1
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Manna S, Karmakar S, Sen O, Sinha P, Jana S, Jana S. Recent updates on guar gum derivatives in colon specific drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 334:122009. [PMID: 38553200 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Colon specific delivery of therapeutics have gained much attention of pharmaceutical researchers in the recent past. Colonic specific targeting of drugs is used not only for facilitating absorption of protein or peptide drugs, but also localization of therapeutic agents in colon to treat several colonic disorders. Among various biopolymers, guar gum (GG) exhibits pH dependent swelling, which allows colon specific release of drug. GG also shows microbial degradation in the colonic environment which makes it a suitable excipient for developing colon specific drug delivery systems. The uncontrolled swelling and hydration of GG can be controlled by structural modification or by grafting with another polymeric moiety. Several graft copolymerized guar gum derivatives are investigated for colon targeting of drugs. The efficacy of various guar gum derivatives are evaluated for colon specific delivery of drugs. The reviewed literature evidenced the potentiality of guar gum in localizing drugs in the colonic environment. This review focuses on the synthesis of several guar gum derivatives and their application in developing various colon specific drug delivery systems including matrix tablets, coated formulations, nano or microparticulate delivery systems and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejan Manna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal 700125, India
| | - Sandip Karmakar
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanaka Educational Trust's Group of Institutions, Durgapur, West Bengal 713212, India
| | - Olivia Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal 700125, India
| | - Puspita Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India
| | - Sougata Jana
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate of Health Services, Kolkata-700091, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Amjed N, Zeshan M, Farooq A, Naz S. Applications of guar gum polysaccharide for pharmaceutical drug delivery: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128390. [PMID: 38043657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based materials are rapidly replacing synthetic materials owing to their significant biomedical applications, easy availability, nontoxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Guar gum (GG) is a plant-derived biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric compound found abundantly in nature. It is a non-ionic, hydrophilic carbohydrate and is a cost-effective hydrocolloid polysaccharide considered as a wonderful representative of the new generation of plant gums. Various composites of guar gum with other polymers have been reported in last few decades and they are extensively used in different industries like food, textile, mining, petrochemical, paper and explosives etc. Easy availability, non-toxicity, eco-friendly and biodegradable nature of GG has made it ideal candidate for for drug delivery (DD) applications. GG based hydrogels, films, scaffolds and nanoparticles have been explored widely for their DD applications. These non-toxic DD carriers can be used for targeted drug delivery. This review article directs the current efforts and improvements on GG and GG-based materials to be used in DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyla Amjed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zeshan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ariba Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sadaf Naz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
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3
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Rai S, Raychaudhuri R, Kudarha R, Mutalik S, Vishalakshi B, Usha KM. Bioderived cellulose fibre-guar gum grafted poly (N, N'-dimethylacrylamide) polymer network for controlled release of metformin hydrochloride. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126882. [PMID: 37717871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of areca cellulose and guar gum grafted with poly (N, N'-dimethylacrylamide) was made by microwave irradiation technique. N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was used as the crosslinking agent. The network polymer was characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The chemical interaction between the drug and the polymer was studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The swelling of the gel was measured under different pH conditions and the swelling parameters were evaluated. The gel was loaded with an anti-diabetic drug, Metformin Hydrochloride, and the in vitro drug release was studied in gastric and intestinal conditions. The results indicated complete release of the drug in 6 h under pH 1.2 and in 10 h under pH 7.4. The kinetic analysis of release data indicated the drug release to follow Higuchi's model. The release exponent "n" of Korsmeyer-Peppas model was found to be >0.45 indicating the drug diffusion to be a non-Fickian process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Rai
- Department of Chemistry, University College, Mangalore University, Mangalore 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchira Raychaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ritu Kudarha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - B Vishalakshi
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies & Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - K M Usha
- Department of Chemistry, University College, Mangalore University, Mangalore 575001, Karnataka, India.
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4
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Geyik G, Işıklan N. Chemical modification of κ-carrageenan with poly(2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) through microwave induced graft copolymerization: Characterization and swelling features. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123888. [PMID: 36870636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, interest in the development of new graft copolymers based on natural polysaccharides has grown remarkably due to their potential applications in the wastewater treatment, biomedical, nanomedicine, and pharmaceutical fields. Herein, a novel graft copolymer of κ-carrageenan with poly(2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) (κ-Crg-g-PHPMA) was synthesized using a 'microwave induced' technique. The synthesized novel graft copolymer has been well characterized in terms of FTIR, 13C NMR, molecular weight determination, TG, DSC, XRD, SEM, and elemental analyses, taking κ-carrageenan as a reference. The graft copolymers' swelling characteristics were investigated at pH 1.2 and 7.4. The results of swelling studies displayed that the incorporation of PHPMA groups on κ-Crg provides increasing hydrophilicity. The effect of PHPMA percentage in the graft copolymers and pH of the medium on the swelling percentage was studied and the findings exhibited that swelling ability increased with the increment in PHPMA percentage and pH of the medium. The best swelling percentage was attained at pH = 7.4 and a grafting percentage of 81 % reaching 1007 % at the end of 240 min. Moreover, cytotoxicity of the synthesized κ-Crg-g-PHPMA copolymer was assessed on the L929 fibroblast cell line and obtained to be non-toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülcan Geyik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey; Alaca Avni Çelik Vocational School, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Nuran Işıklan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
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Devkar P, Nangare S, Zawar L, Shirsath N, Bafna P, Jain P. Design of polyacrylamide grafted sesbania gum-mediated pH-responsive IPN-based microbeads for delivery of diclofenac sodium: In-vitro-in-vivo characterizations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123360. [PMID: 36716842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted grafting of polyacrylamide on sesbania gum (PAAM-g-SG) was implemented employing a 32 full factorial experimental design and was hydrolyzed using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form H-PAAM-g-SG. Further, the diclofenac sodium-loaded novel pH-sensitive interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) microbeads were designed using an optimized H-PAAM-g-SG and sodium alginate (SA). Different spectroscopic analysis including FTIR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, etc. was performed to confirm the synthesis of PAAM-g-SG and diclofenac-loaded pH-sensitive IPN H-PAAM-g-SG-SA microbeads. Here, Ca+2 ions combine with two strands of SA and form a round-shape structure that encloses uncross-linked H-PAAM-g-SG polymer and diclofenac sodium. As well, glutaraldehyde (GL) addition improved the mechanical strength due to acetal structure between hydroxyl of H-PAAM-g-SG and aldehyde of GL. The drug entrapment was confirmed proportional relationship to the Ca+2 ions concentration whereas an increase in GL concentration resulted in a reduced drug entrapment. The pH pulsatile study assured the reversible swelling-shrinkage behavior of IPN microbeads due to the carboxyl group of PAAM-g-SG. The drug release from H-PAAM-g-SG-SA microbeads (batch: S9) was found to be 84.21 % (12h) which was non-significant (p > 0.05; f2 = 79 ∼ 90) over marketed formulation (83.31 %). Moreover, it follows the Korsmeyer Peppas (R2 = 0.996) as the best-fit release kinetic model. The pH-sensitive release of diclofenac sodium from IPN H-PAAM-g-SG-SA microbeads was assured based on in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (p < 0.05). Therefore, developed novel pH-sensitive IPN microbeads based on H-PAAM-g-SG are a promising polymeric carrier substitute for delivery of drugs actuated by a pH stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Devkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra state, India
| | - Sopan Nangare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra state, India
| | - Laxmikant Zawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra state, India.
| | - Nitin Shirsath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra state, India
| | - Piyush Bafna
- Department of Pharmacology, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra state, India
| | - Pankaj Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra state, India
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6
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Garg SS, Gupta J. Guar gum-based nanoformulations: Implications for improving drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:476-485. [PMID: 36603711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Poorly soluble drugs are reported to easily degrade in the gastrointestinal tract and contribute in limiting the effect of drug to its targeted site. Oral administration of drug is one of the prominent ways to deliver a drug, although, it experiences barriers like acidic pH, presence of microflora and enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract. Collectively all of these participate in the degradation of drug before it reaches its target site and thus, they impede the sustained effect of drug. A quest of choosing a polymer with good stability profile and releasing the drug to its targeted site is always been a challenge for the scientists worldwide. Many polymers have been reported to prevent the degradation of drug and one such naturally occurring biocompatible polymer is guar gum. Guar gum-based nanoformulations have been extensively used in past decades to achieve controlled drug release which defines its importance. The coating of guar gum over the drug improves the bioavailability of the drug and thus helps in minimizing the risk of drug degradation. This review intends to highlight the beneficial role of guar gum-based nanoformulations to improve drug delivery by ameliorating the bioavailibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourbh Suren Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
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7
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Froelich A, Jakubowska E, Jadach B, Gadziński P, Osmałek T. Natural Gums in Drug-Loaded Micro- and Nanogels. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030759. [PMID: 36986620 PMCID: PMC10059891 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gums are polysaccharide compounds obtained from natural sources, such as plants, algae and bacteria. Because of their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as their ability to swell and their sensitivity to degradation by the colon microbiome, they are regarded as interesting potential drug carriers. In order to obtain properties differing from the original compounds, blends with other polymers and chemical modifications are usually applied. Gums and gum-derived compounds can be applied in the form of macroscopic hydrogels or can be formulated into particulate systems that can deliver the drugs via different administration routes. In this review, we present and summarize the most recent studies regarding micro- and nanoparticles obtained with the use of gums extensively investigated in pharmaceutical technology, their derivatives and blends with other polymers. This review focuses on the most important aspects of micro- and nanoparticulate systems formulation and their application as drug carriers, as well as the challenges related to these formulations.
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8
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Mandal S, Hwang S, Shi SQ. Guar gum, a low-cost sustainable biopolymer, for wastewater treatment: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:368-382. [PMID: 36513177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rapid population growth and the resultant pollution of freshwater resources have created a water stress condition reducing the availability of safe and affordable water. Guar gum, a biocompatible macromolecule obtained from the endosperm of the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, is a fascinating raw material for multifunctional adsorbents. This review assembled the work conducted by various researchers over the past few decades and discussed the structure, properties, and different modifications methods employed to develop versatile guar gum-based adsorbent. The paper also summarized the recent progress of guar gum-based nanocomposites for the remediation of multiple hazardous substances such as organic dyes, toxic heavy metal ions, oil-water separation as well as inhibiting the growth of bacterial pathogens. Thus, the important contribution of guar gum composites to safeguard the water quality is highlighted which will overcome the limitations and streamline the future course of innovative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Mandal
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Sangchul Hwang
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
| | - Sheldon Q Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
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Basavarajappa GM, Priyanka KM, Goudanavar P, Narasimha LG, Naveen NR, Gowthami B, Fattepur S, Shiroorkar PN, Nagaraja S, Telsang M, Jasthi VC, Sreenivasalu PKP. A spotlight on application of microwave-assisted modifications of plant derived polymers in designing novel drug delivery systems. Des Monomers Polym 2023; 26:106-116. [PMID: 37008384 PMCID: PMC10064828 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2023.2194176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers are a fundamental part of numerous industries and can be conjugated with many other materials and components to have a vast array of products. Biomaterials have been extensively studied for their application in pharmaceutical formulation development, tissue engineering, and biomedical areas. However, the native form of many polymers has limitations concerning microbial contamination, susceptibility, solubility, and stability. Chemical or physical modifications can overcome these limitations by tailoring the properties of polymers to meet several requirements. The polymer modifications are interdisciplinary, cutting across conventional materials, physics, biology, chemistry, medicine, and engineering limitations. Microwave irradiation has become a well-established technique for a few decades to drive and promote chemical modification reactions. This technique allows ease of temperature and power control to perform the synthesis protocols efficiently. Additionally, microwave irradiation contributes to green and sustainable chemistry. In this contribution, microwave-assisted polymer modifications were described with a special focus on their application in developing several novel dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K M Priyanka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G.Nagar, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Goudanavar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G.Nagar, Karnataka, India
| | | | - N. Raghavendra Naveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G.Nagar, Karnataka, India
- CONTACT N. Raghavendra Naveen Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G.NagarKarnataka, 571448, India
| | - Buduru Gowthami
- Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, New Boyanapalli, Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Fattepur
- School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Santosh Fattepur School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Seksyen 13, Shah Alam40100, Malaysia
| | | | - Sreeharsha Nagaraja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore, India
- Sreeharsha Nagaraja Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mallikarjun Telsang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veeriah Chowdary Jasthi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Le TA, Huynh TP. Current advances in the Chemical functionalization and Potential applications of Guar gum and its derivatives. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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The effect of treatment with HEMA and gamma irradiation on the starch:PVA films studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Dedhia N, Marathe SJ, Singhal RS. Food polysaccharides: A review on emerging microbial sources, bioactivities, nanoformulations and safety considerations. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Mehta A, Aryan A, Pandey JP, Sen G. Synthesis of a Novel Water‐Soluble Graft Copolymer for Mineral Ore Beneficiation and for River Water Treatment towards Drinking Water Augmentation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mehta
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi 835 215 Jharkhand India
| | - Ayush Aryan
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi 835 215 Jharkhand India
| | - Jay Prakash Pandey
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi 835 215 Jharkhand India
| | - Gautam Sen
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi 835 215 Jharkhand India
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14
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Dehghani Soltani M, Meftahizadeh H, Barani M, Rahdar A, Hosseinikhah SM, Hatami M, Ghorbanpour M. Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) plant gum: From biological applications to advanced nanomedicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1972-1985. [PMID: 34748787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural polymers are an efficient class of eco-friendly and biodegradable polymers, because they are readily available, come from natural sources, inexpensive and can be chemically modified with the correct reagents. Guar gum (GG) is a natural polymer with great potential to be used in pharmaceutical formulations due to its unique composition and lack of toxicity. GG can be designed to suit the needs of the biological and medical engineering sectors. In the development of innovative drug delivery systems, GG is commonly utilized as a rate-controlling excipient. In this review, different properties of GG including chemical composition, extraction methods and its usefulness in diabetes, cholesterol lowering, weight control, tablet formulations as well as its food application were discussed. The other purpose of this study is to evaluate potential use of GG and its derivatives for advanced nanomedicine such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and nanosensing. It should be noted that some applicable patents in medical area have also been included in the rest of this survey to extend knowledge about guar gum and its polymeric nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidar Meftahizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University, P.O. Box 184, Ardakan, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, P. O. Box. 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Hatami
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran.
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15
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Karmakar M, Mondal H, Ghosh NN, Chattopadhyay PK, Singha NR. Synthesis of gum tragacanth-grafted pentapolymer hydrogels for As(III) exclusion: Roles of microwaves, RSM optimization, and DFT studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:909-925. [PMID: 34144070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microwave assisted homogeneous heating, selectivity in radical formation, and the faster polymerization facilitate the synthesis, structures, properties, and the higher branching associated stability of multifunctional multipolymers. Thus, the optimum gum tragacanth (GMTR)-grafted pentapolymer hydrogel/ HG2 was synthesized from three monomers, i.e., cis-butenedioic acid (cBDA), N-hydroxymethylacryalamide (NHMAm), and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanol (MAOE), and in situ generated 2-(3-((hydroxymethyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)ethyl-2-methylbutanoate (CM1) and 2-hydroxyethyl 3-(N-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylbutanamido)-2-methylpropanoate (CM2) comonomers through microwave assisted facile polymerization in aqueous medium. Here, twenty-one GMTR-grafted-[cBDA-co-CM1-co-NHMAm-co-CM2-co-MAOE/ HG1] hydrogels were prepared by using variable amounts of synthesis parameters, of which the optimum HG2 was chosen for the scale-up repetitive As(III)-exclusion. RSM was used to measure the optimum power-temperature-time of microwave irradiation. The structures of HG1, HG2, and As(III)-adsorbed HG2/ As(III)-HG2, in situ anchored comonomers, GMTR-grafting, reusability, thermostability, and surface phenomena were comprehended by XPS, NMR, UV-vis, FTIR, TG, XRD, DLS, and SEM analyses; pHPZC; network parameters; and thermodynamic variables. The geometries, electronic structures, and variable coordinations of As(III) with HG2 were investigated through DFT studies of HG2 and As(OH)3-HG2. The highest exclusion efficiency of 25 mg HG2 within 5-100 mg L-1 As(III) and at 298 K was 192.91 mg g-1, which was significantly higher than that of HG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Karmakar
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Block-LB-11, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Himarati Mondal
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Block-LB-11, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Narendra Nath Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, NH12, Mokdumpur, Malda, West Bengal 732103, India
| | - Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay
- Department of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Block-LB-11, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Nayan Ranjan Singha
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Block-LB-11, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
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Li P, Wang T, He J, Jiang J, Lei F. Diffusion of water and protein drug in 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether crosslinked galactomannan hydrogels and its correlation with the physicochemical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1987-2000. [PMID: 34087302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to obtain a better and safer galactomannan-based material for drug release applications. A novel epoxy-crosslinked galactomannan hydrogel (EGH) was prepared from guar gum using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether as a crosslinking agent. The diffusion rate constant of water molecules in freeze-dried EGH positively correlated with water uptake/equilibrium swelling rate (WU/ESR), and the water molecules participated in Fickian diffusion. The ESR, WU/ESR, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading capacity of a customized EGH with a crosslinking density of 48.9% were 48.7 ± 0.15 g/g, 95.3%, and 56.4 mg/g, respectively. The release of BSA from freeze-dried EGH was affected by the WU/ESR and the pH; the release equilibrium time was ~40 h at pH 1.2, decreasing to ~24 h at pH 7.4. Furthermore, the cumulative release rate increased from 63.5% to 80.7% and the t50 decreased from 59 to 41 min upon changing from the acidic to basic pH. The release process conformed to the Ritger-Peppas and Hixson-Crowell models, and represented Fickian diffusion and chain relaxation. The EGH showed no cytotoxicity toward HeLa cells. Together, these results demonstrate the properties of a novel galactomannan-based hydrogel that can potentially be employed as a vehicle for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fuhou Lei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
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Iqbal DN, Ehtisham-ul-Haque S, Ahmad S, Arif K, Hussain EA, Iqbal M, Alshawwa SZ, Abbas M, Amjed N, Nazir A. Enhanced antibacterial activity of chitosan, guar gum and polyvinyl alcohol blend matrix loaded with amoxicillin and doxycycline hyclate drugs. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Pal RR, Kumar D, Raj V, Rajpal V, Maurya P, Singh S, Mishra N, Singh N, Singh P, Tiwari N, Saraf SA. Synthesis of pH-sensitive crosslinked guar gum-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylonitrile) for the delivery of thymoquinone against inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1218-1228. [PMID: 33991556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims to synthesize the pH-sensitive crosslinked guar gum-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylonitrile) [guar-g-(AA-co-ACN)] via microwave-assisted technique for the sustained release of thymoquinone. The synthesized material [guar-g-(AA-co-ACN)] was optimized by varying synthetic parameters viz. monomer concentration, reaction time, and microwave power to obtain the maximum yield of the crosslinked guar gum grafted product as well as maximum encapsulation of thymoquinone. The synthesized material [guar-g-poly(AA-co-ACN)] was characterized by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, NMR, zeta potential, and thermal techniques. This synthesized material was used to encapsulate thymoquinone (TQ) for effective nanotherapeutic delivery. In-vitro thymoquinone release behavior of guar-g-poly(AA-co-ACN) based nanoparticles (NpTGG) was investigated. The maximum thymoquinone release (78%) was achieved at pH 7.4 and time (6 h). The NpTGG also exhibited better antioxidant activity and hemocompatibility as compared to thymoquinone. Cytotoxicity of uar-g-(AA-co-ACN) and NpTGG was also evaluated against the human kidney VERO cell line and found to be nontoxic. Current research provides a cost-effective and green approach for the synthesis of guar-g-(AA-co-ACN) and NpTGG for sustained release of thymoquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Raj Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226025, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Vinit Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226025, India
| | - Vasundhara Rajpal
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226025, India
| | - Priyanka Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226025, India
| | - Samipta Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226025, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226025, India
| | - Neelu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226025, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226025, India
| | - Nidhi Tiwari
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raibarelly Road, U.P., Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226025, India.
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Mahto A, Mishra S. The removal of textile industrial Dye-RB-19 using Guar gum-based adsorbent with thermodynamic and kinetic evaluation parameters. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Verma D, Sharma SK. Recent advances in guar gum based drug delivery systems and their administrative routes. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:653-671. [PMID: 33766594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Guar gum-based drug carrier systems have gained attention for the delivery of various therapeutic agents via different administration routes for attaining controlled and sustained release. Guar gum offers a safe and effective system for drug delivery due to its natural occurrence, easy availability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, besides simple and mild preparation techniques. Furthermore, the possibility of using various routes such as oral, buccal, transdermal, intravenous, and gene delivery further diversify guar gum applications in the biomedical field. This review delineates the recent investigation on guar gum-based drug carrier systems like hydrogels, nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and scaffolds along with their related delivery routes. Also, the inclusion of data of the loading and subsequent release of the drugs enables to explore the noble and improved drug targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
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Chemical modification of xanthan gum through graft copolymerization: Tailored properties and potential applications in drug delivery and wastewater treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rakhshaei R, Namazi H, Hamishehkar H, Rahimi M. Graphene quantum dot cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposite hydrogel for pH-sensitive oral anticancer drug delivery with potential bioimaging properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1121-1129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Abstract
In the review we describe a method for concentration of anionic liposomes with encapsulated water-soluble substances within a small volume via electrostatic liposome adsorption on the surface of polymer particles with grafted cationic chains (spherical polycationic brushes), or cationic microgel particles. Dozens of intact liposomes can be bound to each polymer particle, the resulting polymer/liposome complex does not dissociate into the original components in a physiological solution. This allows fabrication of multi-liposomal complexes (MLCs) with a required ratio of encapsulated substances. Two approaches are discussed for the synthesis of stimuli-sensitive MLCs. The first is to incorporate the conformation switch, morpholinocyclohexanol-based lipid, into the liposomal membrane thus forming pH-sensitive liposomes capable of releasing their cargo when acidifying the surrounding solution. These liposomes complexed with the brushes release encapsulated substances much faster than the uncomplexed liposomes. The second is to adsorb liposomes on cationic thermo-responsive microgels. The resulting MLCs contracts upon heating over a volume phase transition temperature from the swollen to the collapsed state of microgel, thus causing the adsorbed liposomes to change drastically their morphology and release an encapsulated substance. Complexation of anionic liposomes with chitosan microgels and polylactide micelles gives MLCs which degrade in the presence of enzymes down to small particles, 10–15 nm in diameter. A novel promising approach suggests that immobilized liposomes can act as a capacious depot for biologically active compounds and ensure their controllable leakage to surrounding solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Yaroslavov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University , Department of Chemistry , Leninskie Gory 1-3 , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V. Sybachin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University , Department of Chemistry , Leninskie Gory 1-3 , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
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Singh B, Kumar A. Exploration of arabinogalactan of gum polysaccharide potential in hydrogel formation and controlled drug delivery applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:482-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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