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do Nascimento Amorim MDS, Silva França ÁR, Santos-Oliveira R, Rodrigues Sanches J, Marinho Melo T, Araújo Serra Pinto B, Barbosa LRS, Alencar LMR. Atomic Force Microscopy Applied to the Study of Tauopathies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:699-715. [PMID: 38305187 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a scanning probe microscopy technique which has a physical principle, the measurement of interatomic forces between a very thin tip and the surface of a sample, allowing the obtaining of quantitative data at the nanoscale, contributing to the surface study and mechanical characterization. Due to its great versatility, AFM has been used to investigate the structural and nanomechanical properties of several inorganic and biological materials, including neurons affected by tauopathies. Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases featured by aggregation of phosphorylated tau protein inside neurons, leading to functional loss and progressive neurotoxicity. In the broad universe of neurodegenerative diseases, tauopathies comprise the most prevalent, with Alzheimer's disease as its main representative. This review highlights the use of AFM as a suitable research technique for the study of cellular damages in tauopathies, even in early stages, allowing elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Socorro do Nascimento Amorim
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus Bacanga, São Luís 65080-805, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Álefe Roger Silva França
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus Bacanga, São Luís 65080-805, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro 21941906, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 23070200, Brazil
| | - Jonas Rodrigues Sanches
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus Bacanga, São Luís, 65080-805, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Thamys Marinho Melo
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus Bacanga, São Luís, 65080-805, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Bruno Araújo Serra Pinto
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus Bacanga, São Luís, 65080-805, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Leandro R S Barbosa
- Department of General Physics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Magalhães Rebelo Alencar
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus Bacanga, São Luís 65080-805, Maranhão, Brazil
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Nardini M, Ciasca G, Lauria A, Rossi C, Di Giacinto F, Romanò S, Di Santo R, Papi M, Palmieri V, Perini G, Basile U, Alcaro FD, Di Stasio E, Bizzarro A, Masullo C, De Spirito M. Sensing red blood cell nano-mechanics: Toward a novel blood biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:932354. [PMID: 36204549 PMCID: PMC9530048 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.932354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are characterized by a remarkable elasticity, which allows them to undergo very large deformation when passing through small vessels and capillaries. This extreme deformability is altered in various clinical conditions, suggesting that the analysis of red blood cell (RBC) mechanics has potential applications in the search for non-invasive and cost-effective blood biomarkers. Here, we provide a comparative study of the mechanical response of RBCs in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy subjects. For this purpose, RBC viscoelastic response was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the force spectroscopy mode. Two types of analyses were performed: (i) a conventional analysis of AFM force-distance (FD) curves, which allowed us to retrieve the apparent Young's modulus, E; and (ii) a more in-depth analysis of time-dependent relaxation curves in the framework of the standard linear solid (SLS) model, which allowed us to estimate cell viscosity and elasticity, independently. Our data demonstrate that, while conventional analysis of AFM FD curves fails in distinguishing the two groups, the mechanical parameters obtained with the SLS model show a very good classification ability. The diagnostic performance of mechanical parameters was assessed using receiving operator characteristic (ROC) curves, showing very large areas under the curves (AUC) for selected biomarkers (AUC > 0.9). Taken all together, the data presented here demonstrate that RBC mechanics are significantly altered in AD, also highlighting the key role played by viscous forces. These RBC abnormalities in AD, which include both a modified elasticity and viscosity, could be considered a potential source of plasmatic biomarkers in the field of liquid biopsy to be used in combination with more established indicators of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Nardini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lauria
- Unitá Operativa Complessa Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensitá, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Rossi
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Santo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi (ISC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca D. Alcaro
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Stasio
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bizzarro
- Unitáă Operativa Complessa Continuità assistenziale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Perini G, Rosa E, Friggeri G, Di Pietro L, Barba M, Parolini O, Ciasca G, Moriconi C, Papi M, De Spirito M, Palmieri V. INSIDIA 2.0 High-Throughput Analysis of 3D Cancer Models: Multiparametric Quantification of Graphene Quantum Dots Photothermal Therapy for Glioblastoma and Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3217. [PMID: 35328638 PMCID: PMC8948775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer spheroids are in vitro 3D models that became crucial in nanomaterials science thanks to the possibility of performing high throughput screening of nanoparticles and combined nanoparticle-drug therapies on in vitro models. However, most of the current spheroid analysis methods involve manual steps. This is a time-consuming process and is extremely liable to the variability of individual operators. For this reason, rapid, user-friendly, ready-to-use, high-throughput image analysis software is necessary. In this work, we report the INSIDIA 2.0 macro, which offers researchers high-throughput and high content quantitative analysis of in vitro 3D cancer cell spheroids and allows advanced parametrization of the expanding and invading cancer cellular mass. INSIDIA has been implemented to provide in-depth morphologic analysis and has been used for the analysis of the effect of graphene quantum dots photothermal therapy on glioblastoma (U87) and pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) spheroids. Thanks to INSIDIA 2.0 analysis, two types of effects have been observed: In U87 spheroids, death is accompanied by a decrease in area of the entire spheroid, with a decrease in entropy due to the generation of a high uniform density spheroid core. On the other hand, PANC-1 spheroids' death caused by nanoparticle photothermal disruption is accompanied with an overall increase in area and entropy due to the progressive loss of integrity and increase in variability of spheroid texture. We have summarized these effects in a quantitative parameter of spheroid disruption demonstrating that INSIDIA 2.0 multiparametric analysis can be used to quantify cell death in a non-invasive, fast, and high-throughput fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Enrico Rosa
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Ginevra Friggeri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Lorena Di Pietro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Barba
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Chiara Moriconi
- Theolytics, The Sherard Building, Edmund Halley Road, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4DQ, UK; or
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Ramli MM, Rosman AS, Mazlan NS, Ahmad MF, Halin DSC, Mohamed R, Osman NH, Reshak AH. Cell viability and electrical response of breast cancer cell treated in aqueous graphene oxide solution deposition on interdigitated electrode. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20702. [PMID: 34667216 PMCID: PMC8526675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most reported cancers that can lead to death. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment procedures, the possibility of cancer recurrences is still high in many cases. With that in consideration, researchers from all over the world are showing interest in the unique features of Graphene oxide (GO), such as its excellent and versatile physicochemical properties, to explore further its potential and benefits towards breast cancer cell treatment. In this study, the cell viability and electrical response of GO, in terms of resistivity and impedance towards the breast cancer cells (MCF7) and normal breast cells (MCF10a), were investigated by varying the pH and concentration of GO. Firstly, the numbers of MCF7 and MCF10a were measured after being treated with GO for 24 and 48 h. Next, the electrical responses of these cells were evaluated by using interdigitated gold electrodes (IDEs) that are connected to an LCR meter. Based on the results obtained, as the pH of GO increased from pH 5 to pH 7, the number of viable MCF7 cells decreased while the number of viable MCF10a slightly increased after the incubation period of 48 h. Similarly, the MCF7 also experienced higher cytotoxicity effects when treated with GO concentrations of more than 25 µg/mL. The findings from the electrical characterization of the cells observed that the number of viable cells has corresponded to the impedance of the cells. The electrical impedance of MCF7 decreased as the number of highly insulating viable cell membranes decreased. But in contrast, the electrical impedance of MCF10a increased as the number of highly insulating viable cell membranes increased. Hence, it can be deduced that the GO with higher pH and concentration influence the MCF7 cancer cell line and MCF10a normal breast cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Ramli
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - A S Rosman
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - N S Mazlan
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M F Ahmad
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - D S C Halin
- Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - R Mohamed
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advance Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul H Osman
- Applied Electromagnetic Laboratory 1, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ali H Reshak
- Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Physics Department, College of Science, University of Basrah, 61004, Basrah, Iraq
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical Universiti in Prague, Technicka 4, Prague 6, 166 07, Czech Republic
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Di Santo R, Romanò S, Mazzini A, Jovanović S, Nocca G, Campi G, Papi M, De Spirito M, Di Giacinto F, Ciasca G. Recent Advances in the Label-Free Characterization of Exosomes for Cancer Liquid Biopsy: From Scattering and Spectroscopy to Nanoindentation and Nanodevices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1476. [PMID: 34199576 PMCID: PMC8230295 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs) are nano-sized vesicles secreted by most cell types. They are abundant in bio-fluids and harbor specific molecular constituents from their parental cells. Due to these characteristics, EXOs have a great potential in cancer diagnostics for liquid biopsy and personalized medicine. Despite this unique potential, EXOs are not yet widely applied in clinical settings, with two main factors hindering their translational process in diagnostics. Firstly, conventional extraction methods are time-consuming, require large sample volumes and expensive equipment, and often do not provide high-purity samples. Secondly, characterization methods have some limitations, because they are often qualitative, need extensive labeling or complex sampling procedures that can induce artifacts. In this context, novel label-free approaches are rapidly emerging, and are holding potential to revolutionize EXO diagnostics. These methods include the use of nanodevices for EXO purification, and vibrational spectroscopies, scattering, and nanoindentation for characterization. In this progress report, we summarize recent key advances in label-free techniques for EXO purification and characterization. We point out that these methods contribute to reducing costs and processing times, provide complementary information compared to the conventional characterization techniques, and enhance flexibility, thus favoring the discovery of novel and unexplored EXO-based biomarkers. In this process, the impact of nanotechnology is systematically highlighted, showing how the effectiveness of these techniques can be enhanced using nanomaterials, such as plasmonic nanoparticles and nanostructured surfaces, which enable the exploitation of advanced physical phenomena occurring at the nanoscale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Santo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Mazzini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Svetlana Jovanović
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Giuseppina Nocca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Campi
- Rome International Centre Materials Science Superstripes RICMASS, via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, via Salaria Km 29. 300, Monterotondo Stazione, 00016 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
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Romanò S, Di Giacinto F, Primiano A, Mazzini A, Panzetta C, Papi M, Di Gaspare A, Ortolani M, Gervasoni J, De Spirito M, Nocca G, Ciasca G. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a useful tool for the automated classification of cancer cell-derived exosomes obtained under different culture conditions. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1140:219-227. [PMID: 33218484 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes possess great potential as cancer biomarkers in personalized medicine due to their easy accessibility and capability of representing their parental cells. To boost the translational process of exosomes in diagnostics, the development of novel and effective strategies for their label-free and automated characterization is highly desirable. In this context, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has great potential as it provides direct access to specific biomolecular bands that give compositional information on exosomes in terms of their protein, lipid and genetic content. Here, we used FTIR spectroscopy in the mid-Infrared (mid-IR) range to study exosomes released from human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cancer cells cultured in different media. To this purpose, cells were studied in well-fed condition of growth, with 10% of exosome-depleted FBS (EVd-FBS), and under serum starvation with 0.5% EVd-FBS. Our data show the presence of statistically significant differences in the shape of the Amide I and II bands in the two conditions. Based on these differences, we showed the possibility to automatically classify cancer cell-derived exosomes using Principal Component Analysis combined with Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA); we tested the effectiveness of the classifier with a cross-validation approach, obtaining very high accuracy, precision, and recall. Aside from classification purposes, our FTIR data provide hints on the underlying cellular mechanisms responsible for the compositional differences in exosomes, suggesting a possible role of starvation-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Romanò
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Aniello Primiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Mazzini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Panzetta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Gaspare
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; NEST, CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Ortolani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Life Nanoscience, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Nocca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
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7
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Di Giacinto F, Tartaglione L, Nardini M, Mazzini A, Romanò S, Rizzo GE, Papi M, De Spirito M, Pitocco D, Ciasca G. Searching for the Mechanical Fingerprint of Pre-diabetes in T1DM: A Case Report Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:569978. [PMID: 33117782 PMCID: PMC7552738 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.569978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 38 year-old Caucasian man enrolled in a study aimed at investigating the physical properties of red blood cells (RBCs) using advanced microscopy techniques, including Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). At the time of his first enrolment in the study, he had normal Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) values, a BMI of 24.1, and no other symptoms of diabetes, including fatigue, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and altered inflammatory and corpuscular RBC indices. The subject reported no family history of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite his apparently healthy conditions, the biomechanics of his RBCs was altered, showing increased values of stiffness and viscosity. More than 1 year after the mechanical measurements, the subject was admitted to the Operational Unit of Diabetology of the Policlinico Gemelli Hospital with high blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Here, we show these data, and we discuss the hypothesis that RBC mechanical properties could be sensitive to changes occurring during the pre-diabetic phase of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Di Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Tartaglione
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University School of Medicine and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Nardini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Mazzini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Emanuele Rizzo
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University School of Medicine and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Pitocco
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University School of Medicine and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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8
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Leo M, DI Giacinto F, Nardini M, Mazzini A, Rossi C, Porceddu E, Papi M, Grieco A, DE Spirito M, Ciasca G. Erythrocyte viscoelastic recovery after liver transplantation in a cirrhotic patient affected by spur cell anaemia. J Microsc 2020; 280:287-296. [PMID: 32885445 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In physiological conditions, red blood cells (RBCs) are capable of dramatic deformations when passing through the microvasculature. This extreme deformability is closely related to the RBC biconcave shape, to the fluidic nature of the haemoglobin and the cell membrane structure, primarily consisting of a phospholipid bilayer with an underlying two-dimensional spectrin network. In many pathological and inflammatory conditions, the shape and the extreme deformability of erythrocytes appear to be significantly altered. These findings have stimulated intense research towards the search and validation of novel erythrocyte-based mechanical biomarkers, useful for disease diagnosis and therapy monitoring. In this study, we investigated with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) the mechanical properties of erythrocytes obtained from a 68 years old cirrhotic man diagnosed with spur cell anaemia and cold agglutinated disease, before and after liver transplantation. Mechanical changes are compared with ultrastructural alterations as studied by scanning electron microscopy and discussed according to confocal fluorescence microscopy results, showing possible alterations induced by the cirrhotic environment at the level of the RBCs cytoskeletal organisation and lipidic composition. Taken together, the results here presented show that liver transplantation not only contributes to restoring the proper RBC morphology, but it also induces recovery of the physiological viscous behaviour of cells, further stressing the relevance of viscous and dissipative forces in determining the RBC biomechanical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leo
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - F DI Giacinto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - M Nardini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - A Mazzini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - C Rossi
- Area Diagnostica di Laboratorio UOC Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - E Porceddu
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - M Papi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - A Grieco
- Liver Transplant Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterological, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - M DE Spirito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - G Ciasca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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9
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Perini G, Palmieri V, Ciasca G, D’Ascenzo M, Gervasoni J, Primiano A, Rinaldi M, Fioretti D, Prampolini C, Tiberio F, Lattanzi W, Parolini O, De Spirito M, Papi M. Graphene Quantum Dots' Surface Chemistry Modulates the Sensitivity of Glioblastoma Cells to Chemotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6301. [PMID: 32878114 PMCID: PMC7503375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, the barrier that reduces cancer therapy efficacy. Here, we tested three alternative GQDs' surface chemistries on two neural lineages (glioblastoma cells and mouse cortical neurons). We showed that surface chemistry modulates GQDs' biocompatibility. When used in combination with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, GDQs exerted a synergistic effect on tumor cells, but not on neurons. This appears to be mediated by the modification of membrane permeability induced by the surface of GQDs. Our findings highlight that GQDs can be adopted as a suitable delivery and therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma, by both directly destabilizing the cell membrane and indirectly increasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Marcello D’Ascenzo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Aniello Primiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Rinaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (ITF), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Daniela Fioretti
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (ITF), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Chiara Prampolini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Tiberio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
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10
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De-Giorgio F, Ciasca G, D’Amico R, Trombatore P, D’Angelo A, Rinaldi P, Milano F, Locci E, De Spirito M, d’Aloja E, Colosimo C, Pascali VL. An evaluation of the objectivity and reproducibility of shear wave elastography in estimating the post-mortem interval: a tissue biomechanical perspective. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:1939-1948. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Mazzini A, Palermo F, Pagliei V, Romanò S, Papi M, Zimatore G, Falsini B, Rizzo S, De Spirito M, Ciasca G, Minnella AM. A time-dependent study of nano-mechanical and ultrastructural properties of internal limiting membrane under ocriplasmin treatment. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103853. [PMID: 32501223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vitreomacular traction (VMT) syndrome has only been surgically treated for a long time. Recently, enzymatic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin has emerged as a possible option to release VMT and, in some cases, close full thickness macular holes (FTMHs). Despite its clinical relevance, gathering information about the ocriplasmin-induced alterations of the Inner Limiting Membrane (ILM) of the retina in a clinical study is a complex task, mainly because of the inter-individual variability among patients. To obtain more insights into the mechanism underlying the drug action, we studied in-vitro the mechanical and morphological changes of the ILM using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). To this aim, we measured the ILM average Young's modulus (YM), hysteresis (H) and adhesion work (A) over time under ocriplasmin treatment. Our data unveil a time-dependent increase in the membrane YM of 19% of its initial value, along with changes in its adhesive and dissipative behavior. Such modifications well correlate with the morphological alterations detected in the AFM imaging mode. Taken all together, the results here presented provide more insights into the mechanism underlying the ocriplasmin action in-vivo, suggesting that it is only able to alter the top-most layer of the vitreal side of the membrane, not compromising the inner ILM structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mazzini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Palermo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia (NANOTEC), Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Valeria Pagliei
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Benedetto Falsini
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
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12
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Corsetti V, Borreca A, Latina V, Giacovazzo G, Pignataro A, Krashia P, Natale F, Cocco S, Rinaudo M, Malerba F, Florio R, Ciarapica R, Coccurello R, D’Amelio M, Ammassari-Teule M, Grassi C, Calissano P, Amadoro G. Passive immunotherapy for N-truncated tau ameliorates the cognitive deficits in two mouse Alzheimer's disease models. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa039. [PMID: 32954296 PMCID: PMC7425324 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and neuropathological studies have shown that tau pathology better correlates with the severity of dementia than amyloid plaque burden, making tau an attractive target for the cure of Alzheimer's disease. We have explored whether passive immunization with the 12A12 monoclonal antibody (26-36aa of tau protein) could improve the Alzheimer's disease phenotype of two well-established mouse models, Tg2576 and 3xTg mice. 12A12 is a cleavage-specific monoclonal antibody which selectively binds the pathologically relevant neurotoxic NH226-230 fragment (i.e. NH2htau) of tau protein without cross-reacting with its full-length physiological form(s). We found out that intravenous administration of 12A12 monoclonal antibody into symptomatic (6 months old) animals: (i) reaches the hippocampus in its biologically active (antigen-binding competent) form and successfully neutralizes its target; (ii) reduces both pathological tau and amyloid precursor protein/amyloidβ metabolisms involved in early disease-associated synaptic deterioration; (iii) improves episodic-like type of learning/memory skills in hippocampal-based novel object recognition and object place recognition behavioural tasks; (iv) restores the specific up-regulation of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein involved in consolidation of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity; (v) relieves the loss of dendritic spine connectivity in pyramidal hippocampal CA1 neurons; (vi) rescues the Alzheimer's disease-related electrophysiological deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation at the CA3-CA1 synapses; and (vii) mitigates the neuroinflammatory response (reactive gliosis). These findings indicate that the 20-22 kDa NH2-terminal tau fragment is crucial target for Alzheimer's disease therapy and prospect immunotherapy with 12A12 monoclonal antibody as safe (normal tau-preserving), beneficial approach in contrasting the early Amyloidβ-dependent and independent neuropathological and cognitive alterations in affected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonella Borreca
- Humanitas University Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paraskevi Krashia
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Natale
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cocco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rinaudo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rita Florio
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Coccurello
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC), CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D’Amelio
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Grassi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), 00161 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)–National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
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13
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Di Gioacchino M, Bianconi A, Burghammer M, Ciasca G, Bruni F, Campi G. Myelin basic protein dynamics from out-of-equilibrium functional state to degraded state in myelin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183256. [PMID: 32145283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Living matter is a quasi-stationary out-of-equilibrium system; in this physical condition, structural fluctuations at nano- and meso-scales are needed to understand the physics behind its biological functionality. Myelin has a simple ultrastructure whose fluctuations show correlated disorder in its functional out-of-equilibrium state. However, there is no information on the relationship between this correlated disorder and the dynamics of the intrinsically disordered Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) which is expected to influence the membrane structure and overall functionality. In this work, we have investigated the role of this protein structural dynamics in the myelin ultrastructure fluctuations in various conditions, by using synchrotron Scanning micro X Ray Diffraction and Small Angle X ray Scattering. We have induced the crossover from out-of-equilibrium functional state to in-equilibrium degeneration changing the pH to values far from physiological condition. The observed compression of the cytosolic layer thickness probes that the intrinsic large MBP fluctuations preserve the cytosol structure also in the degraded state. Thus, the transition of myelin ultrastructure from correlated to uncorrelated disordered state, is principally affected by the deformation of the membrane and extracellular domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Di Gioacchino
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy; Institute of Crystallography, CNR, via Salaria, Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy; Rome International Center for Materials Science Superstripes (RICMASS), Via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bianconi
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, via Salaria, Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy; Rome International Center for Materials Science Superstripes (RICMASS), Via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Roma, Italy; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Physics Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Bruni
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Campi
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, via Salaria, Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy
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