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Upadhaya AH, Mirgane HA, Pandey SP, Patil VS, Bhosale SV, Singh PK. Electrostatically Engineered Tetraphenylethylene-Based Fluorescence Sensor for Protamine and Trypsin: Leveraging Aggregation-Induced Emission for Enhanced Sensitivity and Selectivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39241011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
The accurate detection of Protamine and Trypsin, two biomolecules with significant clinical and biological relevance, presents a substantial challenge because of their structural peculiarities, low abundance in physiological fluids, and potential interference from other substances. Protamine, a cationic protein, is crucial for counteracting heparin overdoses, whereas Trypsin, a serine protease, is integral to protein digestion and enzyme activation. This study introduces a novel fluorescence sensor based on a (4-(1,2,2-tris(4-phosphonophenyl)vinyl)phenyl)phosphonic acid octasodium salt (TPPE), leveraging aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics and electrostatic interactions to achieve selective and sensitive detection of these biomolecules. Through comprehensive optical characterization, including ground-state absorption, steady-state, and time-resolved emission spectroscopy, the interaction mechanisms and aggregation dynamics of TPPE with Protamine and Trypsin were elucidated. The sensor exhibits very high sensitivity (LOD: 1.45 nM for Protamine and 32 pM for Trypsin), selectivity, and stability, successfully operating in complex biological matrices, such as human serum and urine. Importantly, this sensor design underscores the synergy between the AIE phenomena and biomolecular interactions, offering a promising alternative for analytical applications in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. The principles outlined herein open new avenues for the development of other AIE-based sensors, expanding the toolkit available for detecting a wide range of biomolecules using similar design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi H Upadhaya
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Mithibai College of Arts, Chauhan Institute of Science & Amrutben Jivanlal College of Commerce and Economics, Vile Parle (W) 400 056, India
- SVKM's Shri C. B. Patel Research Centre, Vile Parle, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Harshad A Mirgane
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - Shrishti P Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Mithibai College of Arts, Chauhan Institute of Science & Amrutben Jivanlal College of Commerce and Economics, Vile Parle (W) 400 056, India
| | - Vrushali S Patil
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Sheshanath V Bhosale
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabhat K Singh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400085, India
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2
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Wu M, Tan Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Xu Y, Long T, Zhao S, Cheng X, Zhou C. Tetraphenylethene-modified polysiloxanes: Synthesis, AIE properties and multi-stimuli responsive fluorescence. Talanta 2024; 272:125767. [PMID: 38428128 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Herein, polysiloxane-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE) polymers and rubbers were prepared which display interesting multi-stimuli responsive fluorescence. TPE-modified polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS-TPE) as polysiloxane-based AIE polymers were synthesized through Heck reaction of bromo-substituted tetraphenylethene (TPE-Br) and vinyl polysiloxanes. As expected, TPE moiety endows the modified polysiloxane with typical AIE behavior. However, limited by the long polymer chains, the aggregation process of PDMS-TPE shows obvious differences compared with the small molecule TPE-Br. The fluorescence of PDMS-TPE in THF/H2O starts to increase when the H2O fraction (fw) is 70% while TPE-Br is nearly non-luminous until the fw is up to 99%. The fluorescence intensity ratio (I/I0) of PDMS-TPE in the aggregated state and dispersed state is over 1300, greater than that of TPE-Br (I/I0 = 380). More importantly, the exceptional thermal motion of Si-O-Si chains and AIE characteristic of TPE moiety work together, enabling PDMS-TPE to show specific temperature-dependent fluorescence with a wider response range of room temperature to 190°C, which is distinguished from TPE-Br. And such fluorescence responsiveness possess good fatigue-resistance. Furthermore, fluorescent silicone rubbers, r-PDMS-TPE were prepared by using PDMS-TPE as additive of the base gum. They display interesting solvent-controllable fluorescence and higher tensile strength (4.42 MPa) than the control sample without TPE component (1.96 MPa). Notably, a unique stretching-enhanced emission (SEE) phenomenon is observed from these TPE-modified silicone rubbers. When being stretched, the rubbers' fluorescent emission intensity could increase by 143%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Wu
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Zeqing Tan
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Yushu Xu
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Teng Long
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Shigui Zhao
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China; Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China; Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Chuanjian Zhou
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China; Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250061, China.
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Li C, Liu BT, Wang YT, Zhang TJ, Zheng X, Chen L, Li S, Tian X, Zhang D, Wang Y. A hydrogel-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor relying on rhodamine B labelled AIE-featured hyperbranched poly(amido amine) for heparin detection. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1300:342466. [PMID: 38521573 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The fluorescent flexible sensor for point-of-care quantification of clinical anticoagulant drug, Heparin (Hep), is still an urgent need of breakthrough. In this research, a hyperbranched poly(amido amine) (HPA) was decorated with tetraphenylethene (TPE) and Rhodamine B (RhB), constructing a ratiometric fluorescent sensor (TR-HPA) for Hep. When the sensor was exposed to Hep, the TPE units within the probe skeleton would aggregate, resulting in an increasing fluorescent emission at 483 nm. The 580 nm of fluorescence came from RhB enhance, simultaneously, due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer. As a result, there are two good linear correlation between the fluorescence emission ratio (E483/E580) of TR-HPA and the Hep concentration over a range of 0-1.0 μM, with a low limit of detection of 3.0 nM. Furthermore, we incorporate the TR-HPA probe into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel matrix to create a flexible fluorescent sensing system platform, denoted as TR-HPA/PVA. This approach offers a straightforward visual detection method by causing a fluorescence color change from pink to blue when trace amounts of Hep are present. The hydrogel-based fluorescent sensor streamlines the detection procedures for Hep in biomedical applications. It shows great potential in rapid and point-of-care human blood clotting condition monitoring, making it suitable for next-generation wearable medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bai-Tong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Chemistry, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China.
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Han Y, You Y, Xu X, Li X, Liu G, Lai G. Amplified Assembly of G-Quadruplex-Decorated DNA Network Nanostructure toward AIE Signaling-Based Sensitive Biosensing. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1749-1755. [PMID: 38587118 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has offered a promising approach for developing low-background fluorescent methods; however, its applications often suffer from complex probe synthesis and poor biocompatibility. Herein, a novel AIE biosensing method for kanamycin antibiotic assays was developed by utilizing a DNA network nanostructure assembled from an aptamer recognition reaction to capture a large number of tetraphenylethylene fluorogen-labeled signal DNA (DTPE) probes. Due to the excellent hydrophilicity of the oligonucleotides, DTPE exhibited excellent water solubility without obvious background signal emission. Based on an ingenious nucleotide design, an abundance of G-quadruplex blocks neighboring the captured DTPE were formed on the DNA nanostructure. Because of the greatly restricted free motion of DTPE by this unique nanostructure, a strong AIE fluorescence signal response was produced to construct the signal transduction strategy. Together with target recycling and rolling circle amplification-based cascade nucleic acid amplification, this method exhibited a wide linear range from 75 fg mL-1 to 1 ng mL-1 and a detection limit down to 24 fg mL-1. The excellent analytical performance and effective manipulation improvement of the method over previous approaches determine its promising potential for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, PR China
| | - Yingying You
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, PR China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, PR China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, PR China
| | - Guosong Lai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, PR China
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Wang C, Xu B, Zhao L. Construction of a highly sensitive detection platform for heparin based on a "turn-off" cationic fluorescent dye. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123670. [PMID: 38006866 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive detection platform for heparin was constructed via the utilization of a commercially available cationic fluorescent dye (cresyl violet acetate, CV) as a fluorescence probe. The electrostatic binding between CV and heparin quenched the fluorescence in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic (HEPES) buffer solution (10 mM, pH 7.1). CV was highly selective towards heparin over other potential inferring substances. The detection limit of heparin detection was 5.19 ng/mL, and the linear working range was 0 ∼ 1 μg/mL in HEPES solution. In 1 % serum, the detection platform based on the fluorescence "turn-off" behavior of CV was also successfully constructed with a detection limit of 5.86 ng/mL in the linear range of 0 ∼ 0.8 μg/mL. Moreover, the CV-heparin complex was considered a potential sensor platform for the detection of protamine because of its stronger affinity for heparin and protamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Changyao Liu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ce Wang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Guo X, Zhou L, Liu X, Tan G, Yuan F, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A, Qi N, Liu J, Peng Y. Fluorescence detection platform of metal-organic frameworks for biomarkers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 229:113455. [PMID: 37473653 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and selective detection of biomarkers is crucial in the study and early diagnosis of diseases. With the continuous development of biosensing technologies, fluorescent biosensors based on metal-organic frameworks have attracted increasing attention in the field of biomarker detection due to the combination of the advantages of MOFs, such as high specific surface area, large porosity, and structure with tunable functionality and the technical simplicity, sensitivity and efficiency and good applicability of fluorescent detection techniques. Therefore, researchers must understand the fluorescence response mechanism of such fluorescent biosensors and their specific applications in this field. Of all biomarkers applicable to such sensors, the chemical essence of nucleic acids, proteins, amino acids, dopamine, and other small molecules account for about a quarter of the total number of studies. This review systematically elaborates on four fluorescence response mechanisms: metal-centered emission (MC), ligand-centered emission (LC), charge transfer (CT), and guest-induced luminescence change (GI), presenting their applications in the detection of nucleic acids, proteins, amino acids, dopamine, and other small molecule biomarkers. In addition, the current challenges of MOFs-based fluorescent biosensors are also discussed, and their further development prospects are concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanran Guo
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Luyi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xuezhang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Guijian Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, China
| | | | - Na Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan 523808, China; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanqiong Peng
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Zhang L, Huang J, Chen M, Huang H, Xiao Y, Yang R, Zhang Y, He X, Wang K. Self-assembled super-small AIEgen nanoprobe for highly sensitive and selective detection of protamine and trypsin. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:3586-3591. [PMID: 37463001 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00753g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules show superior potential for fabricating novel ultrasmall nanoprobes. Here, an anionic dipyridyl tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivative is rationally designed and a super-small self-assembled AIEgen nanoprobe (TPE-2Py-SO3NaNPs, ca. 2.48 nm) is thus conveniently constructed for the supersensitive detection of protamine and trypsin. In HEPES/DMSO solution (8 : 2, v/v, pH = 7.4), negatively charged TPE-2Py-SO3NaNPs exhibited an AIE effect in the presence of positively charged protamine, presenting a fluorescence enhancement at 498 nm together with a large Stokes shift of 150 nm and a low detection limit of 8.0 ng mL-1. In addition, the in situ formed TPE-2Py-SO3Na/protamine nanocomposite can be dissociated by trypsin due to the highly selective degradation of protamine via enzymatic hydrolysis, achieving a detection limit for trypsin as low as 5.0 ng mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Jiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Mixue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Hongmei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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Gorai S, Mula S, Jonnalgadda PN, Patro BS, Chakraborty G. In house synthesized novel distyryl-BODIPY dye and polymer assembly as deep-red emitting probe for protamine detection. Talanta 2023; 265:124915. [PMID: 37442005 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we designed and synthesized a deep-red emitting distyryl-BODIPY dye (dye 3) which is non-fluorescent in aqueous solution due to the formation of non-emissive aggregates. However, in presence of an amphiphilic polymer (polystyrene sulfonate, PSS), the aggregated dye molecules de-aggregate and form dye 3-PSS complex, which significantly modulates the optical features of the bound dye. Interestingly, the dye 3-PSS complex shows turn-on fluorescence response in deep-red region in presence of protamine (Pr) due to the formation of dye 3-PSS-Pr ternary complex. Such enhancement follows a linear trend in the dynamic range of 0-8.75 μM of Pr which has been utilized to determine Pr with limit of detection (LOD) of 15.04(±0.5) nM in phosphate buffer. Furthermore, excellent selectivity of the dye 3-PSS system towards Pr allows us to determine Pr even in complex biological matrix like 1% human serum. Thus, dye 3-PSS system can be applied as a very effective tool for the detection and quantification of Pr in deep-red region, overcoming several limitations encountered with the probes in the shorter wavelength region. This is the first report on BODIPY dye based supramolecular assembly for sensing and quantification of protamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Gorai
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Soumyaditya Mula
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Padma Nilaya Jonnalgadda
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India; Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Birija S Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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Liu W, Wang Y, Wang T, Wang L, Hu S, Tian D. A versatile AIE probe with mitochondria targeting for dual-channel detection of superoxide anion and viscosity. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1253:341099. [PMID: 36965989 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal viscosity and excessive superoxide anion (O2•-) levels in living cells often cause a series of biological dysfunction and oxidative damage. However, a great challenge remains in quickly and conveniently detecting the viscosity and O2•- levels in living cells. Herein, we fabricated a versatile aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe with mitochondria targeting, DTPB, for dual-imaging of viscosity and O2•- level in living cells with two different channels. The obtained DTPB contained a diphenyl phosphinic acid unit responsive to O2•-, a unit with twisted intramolecular charge trans (TICT) function responsive to viscosity, and a pyridine cation unit with mitochondria targeting. The results showed that DTPB exhibited a remarkable response to viscosity with a near-infrared emission peak at 671 nm and was highly sensitive to O2•- levels with an emission peak at 587 nm. The dual-channel probe has great application prospects in the visual diagnosis of cancer and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, PR China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, PR China
| | - Liwen Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, PR China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, PR China
| | - Dating Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, PR China.
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10
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Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Lever R, Gray E, Page CP. Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs: An Update. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:328-379. [PMID: 36792365 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been used extensively as an antithrombotic and anticoagulant for close to 100 years. This anticoagulant activity is attributed mainly to the pentasaccharide sequence, which potentiates the inhibitory action of antithrombin, a major inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. More recently it has been elucidated that heparin exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via interference of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and this may also contribute to heparin's antithrombotic activity. This illustrates that heparin interacts with a broad range of biomolecules, exerting both anticoagulant and nonanticoagulant actions. Since our previous review, there has been an increased interest in these nonanticoagulant effects of heparin, with the beneficial role in patients infected with SARS2-coronavirus a highly topical example. This article provides an update on our previous review with more recent developments and observations made for these novel uses of heparin and an overview of the development status of heparin-based drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This state-of-the-art review covers recent developments in the use of heparin and heparin-like materials as anticoagulant, now including immunothrombosis observations, and as nonanticoagulant including a role in the treatment of SARS-coronavirus and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hogwood
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Rebeca Lever
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Elaine Gray
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
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11
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Biswas R, Banerjee S. Luminescence Sensing of Biomacromolecules Heparin and Protamine in 100% Human Serum and Plasma by Supramolecular Polymeric Assemblies. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:766-774. [PMID: 36627763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Heparin, an anionic biomacromolecule, is routinely used as an anticoagulant during medical surgery to prevent blood clot formation and in the treatment of several heart, lung, and circulatory disorders having a higher risk of blood clotting. We herein report supramolecular polymeric nanoassemblies of cationic pyrene-tagged bis-imidazolium amphiphiles for heparin detection with high sensitivity and selectivity in aqueous buffer, plasma, and serum media. The nano-assemblies exhibited cyan-green excimeric emission in aqueous media, and their multivalent array of positive surface charges allowed them to form co-assemblies with heparin, resulting in significantly enhanced emission. This provided a convenient method for heparin detection in buffer at nanomolar concentrations, and most notably, a ratiometric fluorescence response was obtained even in highly competitive 100% human serum and 100% human plasma in a clinically relevant concentration range. Moreover, using the heparin-based luminescent co-assemblies, protamine sulfate, a clinically administered antidote to heparin, was also detected in 100% human serum and 100% human plasma at sub-micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Supratim Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur 741246, India
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12
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A Near Infra-red Emitting Supramolecular Dye-Polymer Assembly as Promising Platform for Protamine Sensing. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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13
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Bener M, Burak Şen F, Apak R. Protamine gold nanoclusters - based fluorescence turn-on sensor for rapid determination of Trinitrotoluene (TNT). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121462. [PMID: 35687992 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Determination of trace residues of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is an analytical challenge as it is widely used in military, mining industry, civilian and counter-terrorism purposes. In this study, a gold nanocluster - based turn-on fluorescence sensor was developed for TNT determination. A one-pot approach was used to synthesize the fluorescent protamine - stabilized gold nanoclusters (PRT-AuNC). The proposed turn-on fluorometric sensor relies on the aggregation-induced emission enhancement mechanism. As a result of the donor-acceptor interaction between the non-fluorescent Meisenheimer anion formed from TNT and the amino groups of weakly fluorescent protamine, the PRT-AuNCs aggregate and an accompanying enhancement in fluorescence intensity is observed with a large Stokes shift (λex = 300 nm, λem = 600 nm). The fluorescence enhancement increased linearly with TNT with an LOD of 12.44 µg/L. Similar energetic materials, common soil ions and explosive camouflage materials did not affect the proposed fluorometric sensing method. TNT in artificially contaminated soil was determined, and the results were comparable to those obtained by the HPLC-DAD system. The proposed turn-on sensor is an important tool for simple, fast, rapid and sensitive TNT determination, and has a potential to be converted to a kit format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bener
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Fatih 34126, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Furkan Burak Şen
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
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14
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Ma J, Gu Y, Ma D, Lu W, Qiu J. Insights into AIE materials: A focus on biomedical applications of fluorescence. Front Chem 2022; 10:985578. [PMID: 36186580 PMCID: PMC9521682 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.985578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules have garnered considerable interest since its first appearance in 2001. Recent studies on AIE materials in biological and medical areas have demonstrated that they show their promise as biomaterials for bioimaging and other biomedical applications. Benefiting from significant advantages of their high sensitivity, excellent photostability, and good biocompatibility, AIE-based materials provide dramatically improved analytical capacities for in vivo detection and demonstration of vital biological processes. Herein, we introduce the development history of AIE molecules and recent progress in areas of biotesting and bioimaging. Additionally, this review also offers an outlook for the potential applications of versatile AIE materials for tracing and treating pathological tissues, including overcoming challenges and feasible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanru Gu
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Depeng Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Weizhao Lu
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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15
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Li Y, Lin Y, Jiang Y, Mehwish HM, Rajoka MSR, Zhao L. Expression and characterization of heparinase II with MBP tag from a novel strain, Raoultella NX-TZ-3-15. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:551. [PMID: 35951138 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes are biological macromolecules that biocatalyze certain biochemical reactions without undergoing any modification or degradation at the end of the reaction. In this work, we constructed a recombinant novel Raoultella sp. NX-TZ-3-15 strain that produces heparinase with a maltose binding tag to enhance its production and activity. Additionally, MBP-heparinase was purified and its enzymatic capabilities are investigated to determine its industrial application. Moreover, the recombinant plasmid encoding the MBP-heparinase fusion protein was effectively generated and purified to a high purity. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, the MBP-heparinase has a molecular weight of around 70 kDa and the majority of it being soluble with a maximum activity of 5386 U/L. It has also been noted that the three ions of Ca2 + , Co2 + , and Mg2 + can have an effect on heparinase activities, with Mg2 + being the most noticeable, increasing by about 85%, while Cu2 + , Fe2 + , Zn2 + having an inhibitory effect on heparinase activities. Further investigations on the mechanistic action, structural features, and genomes of Raoultella sp. NX-TZ-3-15 heparinase synthesis are required for industrial-scale manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingzi Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Liqing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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16
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Production, characteristics and applications of microbial heparinases. Biochimie 2022; 198:109-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Zhao S, Jiang H, Gong C, Qi W, Hu L, Zhang Y. Highly sensitive detection of Tb 3+ and ATP based on a novel asymmetric anthracene derivative. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:306-311. [PMID: 34985467 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent sensor based on an asymmetric anthracene derivative (SSAPA) was designed and synthesized. Using this molecule, a rapid and sensitive assay for detecting Tb3+ and ATP in aqueous solutions was established. The SSAPA molecule had excellent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) performance and good aqueous dispersion ability. This molecule could coordinate with Tb3+ and the fluorescence quenched linearly with the increase in the concentration of Tb3+ from 0.005 to 1.2 μM. Since both Tb3+ and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) have strong binding ability, ATP can compete with Tb3+ from the SSAPA/Tb3+ complex leading to fluorescence recovery. In this way, a brand-new fluorescent "turn-on" assay for ATP in the range from 0.01 to 0.4 μM was developed using the Tb3+-based complex probe. The detection limits for Tb3+ and ATP both reached single-digit nanomole per millilitre (2.8 nM and 4.5 nM, respectively), which demonstrated that this method has high sensitivity. Besides, Tb3+ and ATP also could be well detected in other complex environments such as real water samples or serum samples. This study provides a feasible assay for detecting trace amounts of Tb3+ and ATP in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- Chongqing Bashu Secondary School, Chongqing, 400013, P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Lianzhe Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
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18
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Liu M, Cao J, Huang C, Zhang M, Li Y, Wang C. A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe based on triphenylamine derivatives for the rapid and sensitive detection of heparin. Analyst 2022; 147:3504-3513. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00254j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a positively charged near-infrared fluorescent probe (TPA-P+) was constructed by connecting a pyridine cation with triphenylamine and successfully used for the detection of heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201600, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201600, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201600, P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201600, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201600, P. R. China
| | - Chuanxiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201600, P. R. China
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19
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A cationic aggregation-induced emission luminogen for colorimetric and fluorimetric detection of heparin with a dual-read approach, stability and applicability in a 10% serum matrix. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Wu J, Dai J, Zhao Y, Li J, Ju M, Zhang X, Shen B. Sensitive Detection of Protamine Based on a Yellow Emission Fluorophore. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University No.1, Wenyuan road China
| | - Jianan Dai
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University No.1, Wenyuan road China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Food Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 United States
| | - Jingmin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University No.1, Wenyuan road China
| | - Minzi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University No.1, Wenyuan road China
| | - Baoxing Shen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University No.1, Wenyuan road China
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21
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Zheng X, Dai J, Shen B, Zhang X. Quantitative determination of protamine using a fluorescent protein chromophore-based AIE probe. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Zhou Y, Jiang H, Wang Y, Zhao S, Hu L, Zhang Y. A cationic on–off fluorescent sensor with AIE properties for heparin and protamine detection. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02659c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a distyryl-anthracene derivative (DSAI) with two quaternary ammonium groups was synthesized for highly sensitive detection of heparin and protamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Yuting Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianzhe Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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