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Han X, Han Y, Jin Y, Wang Z, Tian H, Huang J, Guo M, Men S, Lei H, Kumar R, Hu J. Microcrystalline cellulose grafted hyperbranched polyester with roll comb structure for synergistic toughening and strengthening of microbial PHBV/bio-based polyester elastomer composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124608. [PMID: 37116850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The brittle feature of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is the major challenge that strongly restricts its application at present. Successfully synthesized bio-based engineering polyester elastomers (BEPE) were combined with PHBV to create entirely bio-composites with the intention of toughening PHBV. Herein, the 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-propionic acid (DMPA) was grafted onto microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and then further transformed into hyperbranched polyester structure via polycondensation. The modified MCC, named MCHBP, had plenty of terminal hydroxyl groups, which get dispersed between PHBV and BEPE. Besides, a large number of terminal hydroxyl groups of MCHBP can interact with the carbonyl groups of PHBV or BEPE in a wide range of hydrogen bonds, and subsequently increase the adhesion and stress transfer between the PHBV and BEPE. The tensile toughness and the elongation at break of the PHBV/BEPE composites with 0.5phr MCHBP were improved by 559.7 % and 221.8 % in comparison to those of PHBV/BEPE composites. Results also showed that MCHBP can play a heterogeneous nucleation effect on the crystallization of PHBV. Therefore, this research can address the current issue of biopolymers' weak mechanical qualities and may have uses in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Han
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Yi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing 100029, PR China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yujuan Jin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing 100029, PR China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Huafeng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Jiawei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Maolin Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Shuang Men
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China; Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Haibo Lei
- College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
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Pulikkalparambil H, Babu A, Thilak A, Vighnesh N, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S. A review on sliding wear properties of sustainable biocomposites: Classifications, fabrication and discussions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14381. [PMID: 36942256 PMCID: PMC10023965 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocomposites have gained huge attention in the field of manufacturing. They are widely accepted over conventional petroleum-based composites due to less environmental footprint and safer living habitats, abundance, availability, recyclability, reusability, and end-life disposals. The potential applications of biocomposites are now widely accepted in key engineering areas such as automotive, construction, consumer products, and aerospace industries. Concurrently, tribological properties for biopolymer composites are an appealing research direction. In this review article, a comprehensive literature survey of recent progress made in sliding wear properties of biocomposites are discussed in detail. It summarizes natural and synthetic ways to attain tribological performances in biocomposites such as biopolymers with bio-fillers, biopolymers with synthetic/inorganic fillers, and non-biopolymers with bio-fillers. The study gives a deeper understanding of the crucial informations regarding sliding wear properties of biocomposites and thereby aid in the future research in the design and preparation of similar composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan Pulikkalparambil
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Ajish Babu
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna-801106, India
| | - Anusree Thilak
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi, Kerala 682022, India
| | - N.P. Vighnesh
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi, Kerala 682022, India
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
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Elkhouly HI, Ali EM, El-Sheikh MN, Hassan AESM. An investigated organic and inorganic reinforcement as an effective economical filler of poly (methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16416. [PMID: 36180521 PMCID: PMC9525612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer matrix composites have garnered the interest of the dentistry sector. Nano-fillers are frequently used as reinforcements in these composites to enhance their characteristics. Poly (methyl methacrylate) was filled with date seed nanoparticles (DSNP) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP). In this work, two nanofillers (DSNP and TiO2NP) were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the features of the PMMA-nanofiller composite were experimentally evaluated via compression, micro-hardness, wear rate (WR), and coefficients of friction (µ) testing. Utilizing a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the microstructure of the PMMA-DSNP composite was examined. The results of the experiments on the nanocomposites demonstrated that the elastic modulus, microhardness, wear resistance, and friction resistance increased with an increase in DSNP content to 1.2 wt, in comparison to TiO2NP at the same concentration. Finally, according to the guidelines, the ideal weight was determined to be 1.2 wt%, filler in the form of DSNP, at a normal load of 10 N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba I Elkhouly
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Eman M Ali
- Production Technology Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - M N El-Sheikh
- Production Technology Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - A El-Sayed M Hassan
- Production Technology Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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The Influence of Filler Loading and Alkaline Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Palm Kernel Cake Filler Reinforced Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153063. [PMID: 35956578 PMCID: PMC9370578 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The manufacturing of materials, in conjunction with green technology, emphasises the need to employ renewable resources to ensure long-term sustainability. Re-exploring renewable elements that can be employed as reinforcing materials in polymer composites has been a major endeavour. The research goal is to determine how well palm kernel cake filler (PKCF) performs in reinforced epoxy composites. In this study, PKCF with 100 mesh was mixed with epoxy resin (ER) in various ratios ranging from 10% to 40% by weight. Hand lay-up with an open mould is proposed as a method for fabricating the specimen test. Surface modification of PKCF with varying concentrations of NaOH (5 wt.% and 10 wt.%) will be contrasted with the untreated samples. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the effect of alkaline treatment will be examined. The tensile and maximum flexural strength of the untreated PKCF/ER composite were determined in this work, with a 30 wt.% of PKCF having the highest tensile strength of 31.20 MPa and the highest flexural strength of 39.70 MPa. The tensile and flexural strength were reduced to 22.90 MPa and 30.50 MPa, respectively, when the filler loading was raised to 40 wt.%. A 5 wt.% alkali treatment for 1 h improved the composites’ mechanical characteristics. Lastly, an alkali treatment can aid in the resolution of the problem of inadequate matrix and filler interaction. Alkaline treatment is a popular and effective method for reducing the hydroxyl group in fillers and, thus, improving interfacial bonding. Overall, palm kernel cake is a promising material used as a filler in polymer composites.
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Effect of Prosopis Juliflora Thorns on Mechanical Properties of Plastic Waste Reinforced Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071278. [PMID: 35406153 PMCID: PMC9003564 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics are unavoidable at this times, putting our planet in danger. The Prosopis juliflora (PJ) thorns are collected, processed, and powdered. The mechanical characteristics of these powders are examined when combined with polymer composites. Pores are the main cause of moisture input, hence using powder filler materials reduces the number of pores in the composite, increasing water resistance. The composites are made by altering three parameters: waste plastic content, filler powder composition, and chemical treatment. It was discovered that the integration of thorn powder increased the wear resistance. The composites were tested in accordance with ASTM standards, and the results were optimized. Based on the results, composite specimens were created and tested for validation.
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Pączkowski P, Puszka A, Gawdzik B. Investigation of Degradation of Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Vinyl Ester Resin. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041286. [PMID: 35207827 PMCID: PMC8874597 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the degradation process of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) and their biocomposites with kraft lignin. In order to study their degradation, accelerated aging, immersion in different solvents, microwave radiation and high temperature were applied. The results show that, depending on the conditions, the degradation assumes a different course. The VER resin is more chemically resistant than the UPR resin. In the case of the composites immersed in an aggressive solvent (acetone), it can be observed that the polymer matrix is degraded, whereas in water only a small increase of weight takes place. Immersion in NaOH initiates the degradation process consisting in the hydrolysis of ester bonds, which are especially observed for pure resins. Under the influence of UV radiation and microwaves, the resins are additionally cross-linked. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that in the case of composites heated to 1000 °C, a residual mass remains, which is carbonized with lignin. In turn, composites treated with microwaves lost weight.
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7
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A review on the physicochemical properties and utilization of date seeds in value-added engineering products. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Stalin B, Nagaprasad N, Vignesh V, Ravichandran M, Rajini N, Ismail SO, Mohammad F. Evaluation of mechanical, thermal and water absorption behaviors of Polyalthia longifolia seed reinforced vinyl ester composites. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 248:116748. [PMID: 32919554 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study presented a novel utilization of biomass solid waste, named Polyalthia longifolia (Mast tree) seed as a reinforcement in a composite, using a compression molding technique. An attempt was made to reinforce vinyl ester matrix (VE) with Polyalthia longifolia seed filler (PLSF), ranging from 5 to 50 wt% loadings. Mechanical properties of the fabricated Polyalthia longifolia seed filler/vinyl ester (PLSF-VE) composite samples were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the PLSF-VE composite exhibited optimum mechanical properties at 25 % wt of filler loading; ultimate tensile strength and modulus were approximately 32.50 MPa and 1.23 GPa, respectively. The ultimate flexural, impact strengths and hardness were observed around 125 MPa, 31.09 kJ/m2 and 36.50, respectively. The heat deflection test and thermo-gravimetric analysis depicted that the PLSF-VE composites withstood up to 66 °C and 430 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the PLSF and its various composite samples were studied, using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stalin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, Regional Campus Madurai, Madurai, 625 019, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N Nagaprasad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ULTRA College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, 625107, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Vignesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pulloor, Kariapatti, 626 115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Ravichandran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Samayapuram, Tiruchirappalli, 621 112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Rajini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar, 626 126, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sikiru Oluwarotimi Ismail
- Department of Engineering, Centre for Engineering Research, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, England, UK
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Surfactants Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 11451
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Manimaran P, Pillai GP, Vignesh V, Prithiviraj M. Characterization of natural cellulosic fibers from Nendran Banana Peduncle plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1807-1815. [PMID: 32814104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to explore the natural cellulosic fibers extracted from Nendran Banana Peduncle plants. This is the first time, the tests are carried out in the Nendran Banana Peduncle Fiber (NBPF) to measure the properties of the chemical, physical, mechanical, thermal (TGA/DTG), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) furnished in this work. The Weibull distribution analysis was adopted for the analysis of diameter, tensile strength and Young's modulus of the fiber. The XRD analysis for the NBPF shows that the crystallinity index of 53.3%and crystallinity size of 4.72 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis depicted that NBPF can withstand thermally up to 356 °C. FT-IR results proved the existence of different chemical compositions and their corresponding functional groups. AFM analysis revealed the surface of the fiber found as rough. From the results, it is concluded that NBPF utilized as a polymer matrix composite for manufacturing light load automotive components and construction equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manimaran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 641 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Pitchayya Pillai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Kariapatti 626 115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Vignesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Kariapatti 626 115, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Prithiviraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai 625 701, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nagarajan K, Balaji A, Basha KS, Ramanujam N, Kumar RA. Effect of agro waste α-cellulosic micro filler on mechanical and thermal behavior of epoxy composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:327-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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