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Taharuddin NH, Jumaidin R, Mansor MR, Hazrati KZ, Hafila KZ, Md Yusof FA. Synergistic effect of Hylocereus polyrhizus (dragon fruit) peel on physicomechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties of thermoplastic sago starch/agar composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:133852. [PMID: 39025171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The potential of Hylocereus polyrhizus peel (HPP) as a new eco-friendly reinforcement for thermoplastic sago starch/agar composite (TPSS/agar) was investigated. The integration of HPP into TPSS/agar composite aimed to enhance its mechanical and thermal characteristics. The study employed Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), as well as mechanical, physical properties and soil burial testing to analyse the composites. The results showed a favourable miscibility between the matrix and filler, while at higher concentrations of HPP, the starch granules became more visible. The tensile and impact properties of the composites improved significantly after incorporating HPP at 20 wt%, with values of 12.73 MPa and 1.87 kJ/m2, respectively. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and initial decomposition temperature (Ton) decreased with the addition of HPP. The density of the composites reduced from 1.51 ± 0.01 to 1.26 ± 0.01 g/cm3 as the HPP amount increased. The environmental properties indicated that the composites can be composted, with weight loss accelerating from 35 to 60 % and 61 to 91 % by the addition of HPP in 2- and 4-weeks' time, respectively. The study demonstrates the potential of TPSS/agar/HPP composites as eco-friendly materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hanan Taharuddin
- Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia; German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah, Taman Universiti, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Jumaidin
- Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Industri dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
| | - Muhd Ridzuan Mansor
- Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - K Z Hazrati
- German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah, Taman Universiti, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Z Hafila
- German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah, Taman Universiti, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah 78000, Malaysia
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2
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Mei S, Roopashree R, Altalbawy FMA, Hamid JA, Ahmed HH, Naser BK, Rizaev J, AbdulHussein AH, Saud A, Hammoodi HA, Muzammil K, Al-Abdeen SHZ, Alhadrawi M. Synthesis, characterization, and applications of starch-based nano drug delivery systems for breast cancer therapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:136058. [PMID: 39341308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The review examined the potential of starch-based drug delivery systems for managing breast cancer efficiently. It covered the background of breast cancer and the significance of drug delivery systems in treatment enhancement. Starch, known for its versatile physicochemical properties, was explored as a promising biopolymer for drug delivery. The review detailed the properties of starch relevant to drug delivery, synthesis methods, and characterization approaches. It discussed the application of starch-based systems in breast cancer treatment, focusing on their role in improving chemotherapy delivery. The advantages and limitations of these systems, such as biocompatibility and drug loading capacity, were evaluated, along with future research directions in starch modification and emerging technologies. The review concluded by emphasizing the potential of starch-based drug delivery systems in improving breast cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Mei
- Department of Oncology Surgery II, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, Qinghai Province, China
| | - R Roopashree
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Farag M A Altalbawy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Jasur Rizaev
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Rector, Samarkand State Medical University, 18, Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Abdulnaser Saud
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad 10011, Iraq.
| | | | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salah Hassan Zain Al-Abdeen
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Nisour Seq. Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Merwa Alhadrawi
- Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Techniques, College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Techniques, College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Techniques, College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
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3
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Hadkar VM, Mohanty C, Selvaraj CI. Biopolymeric nanocarriers in cancer therapy: unleashing the potency of bioactive anticancer compounds for enhancing drug delivery. RSC Adv 2024; 14:25149-25173. [PMID: 39139249 PMCID: PMC11317881 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03911d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective cancer treatment is becoming a global concern, and recent developments in nanomedicine are essential for its treatment. Cancer is a severe metabolic syndrome that affects the human population and is a significant contributing factor to deaths globally. In science, nanotechnology offers rapidly developing delivery methods for natural bioactive compounds that are becoming increasingly prominent and can be used to treat diseases in a site-specific way. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are conventional approaches for preventing cancer progression and have adverse effects on the human body. Many chemically synthesized drugs are used as anticancer agents, but they have several side effects; hence, they are less preferred. Medicinal plants and marine microorganisms represent a vast, mostly untapped reservoir of bioactive compounds for cancer treatment. However, they have several limitations, including nonspecific targeting, weak water solubility and limited therapeutic potential. An alternative option is the use of biopolymeric nanocarriers, which can generate effective targeted treatment therapies when conjugated with natural anticancer compounds. The present review focuses on biopolymeric nanocarriers utilizing natural sources as anticancer drugs with improved tumor-targeting efficiency. This review also covers various natural anticancer compounds, the advantages and disadvantages of natural and synthetic anticancer compounds, the problems associated with natural anticancer drugs and the advantages of biopolymeric nanocarriers over synthetic nanocarriers as drug delivery agents. This review also discusses various biopolymeric nanocarriers for enhancing the controlled delivery of anticancer compounds and the future development of nanomedicines for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Manoj Hadkar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chirasmita Mohanty
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chinnadurai Immanuel Selvaraj
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, VIT School of Agricultural Sciences and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), VIT Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
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4
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Wu H, Li W, Liang Z, Gan T, Hu H, Huang Z, Qin Y, Zhang Y. Mechanical activation-enhanced metal-organic coordination strategy to fabricate high-performance starch/polyvinyl alcohol films by extrusion blowing. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121982. [PMID: 38494234 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The production of high-performance starch-based packaging films by extrusion blowing is challenging, ascribed to poor processability of the blend precursors. In this study, a new strategy of mechanical activation (MA)-enhanced metal-organic coordination was proposed to improve the processability of starch (St)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend precursor, with calcium acetate (CA) as a chelating agent and glycerol as a plasticizer. MA pretreatment activated the hydroxyl groups of starch and PVA for constructing strong metal-organic coordination between CA and St/PVA during reactive extrusion, which effectively enhanced the melt processing properties of the blend precursor, contributing to the fabrication of high-performance St/PVA films by the extrusion-blowing method. The as-prepared St/PVA films exhibited excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 34.5 MPa; elongation at break of 271.8 %), water vapor barrier performance (water vapor permeability of 0.704 × 10-12 g·cm-1·s-1·Pa-1), and oxygen barrier performance (oxygen transmission rate of 0.7 cm3/(m2·day·bar)), along with high transmittance and good uniformity. These outstanding characteristics and performances can be attributed to the improved interfacial interaction and compatibility between the two matrix phases. This study uncovers the mechanism of MA-enhanced metal-organic coordination for improving the properties of starch-based films, which provides a convenient and eco-friendly technology for the preparation of high-performance biodegradable films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wanhe Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zirong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tao Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Key Laboratory of New Low-carbon Green Chemical Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huayu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Key Laboratory of New Low-carbon Green Chemical Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zuqiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Key Laboratory of New Low-carbon Green Chemical Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yuben Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yanjuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Key Laboratory of New Low-carbon Green Chemical Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, China.
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5
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Fu J, Zhou Y, Xie H, Duan Q, Yang Y, Liu H, Yu L. From macro- to nano- scales: Effect of fibrillary celluloses from okara on performance of edible starch film. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129837. [PMID: 38302023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Starch/cellulose composite is one of the most promising systems since both matrix and reinforce agent have same chemical unite glucose, which results in an excellent compatibility. In this work, edible starch film was developed by compositing starch with diverse fibrillary celluloses (FCs) derived from okara, employing a confluence of chemical interactions and mechanical influences. Since diameter of the FCs can be easily controlled by processing methodologies, it is the first time to systematically investigate the effect of diameter of the FCs from macro to nano-scales on the performances of starch-based film. The fabricated macro- and nano-fibrillar celluloses and reinforced starch films were characterized by scanning electron microscope, optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Rheometer and contact angle. Results showed that the FCs increased modulus (about 170 %) and tensile strength (about 180 %) significantly as expected since they are well-compatible and some chemical interactions. It was found that nano-fibrillary celluloses (CNFs) improve the toughness (about 20 %) of the starch film more efficiently, which improved the well-recognized weakness of starch-based materials. The nano-scale roughness on the surface of the starch film caused by different shrinkage ratios between starch and CNFs during drying reduced water sensitivity, which is another well-recognized weakness of starch film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinglin Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huifang Xie
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qinfei Duan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Long Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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6
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Zhang Y, Zeng J, Jie Z, Gao H, Su T, Li Z, Zhang Q, Liu F. Development and characterization of an active starch-based film as a chlorogenic acid delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128055. [PMID: 37956804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Given its health benefits for the human body, chlorogenic acid (CA) offers promising applications in the food industry. However, the instability and low bioavailability of CA remain to be solved. In this paper, a starch-based film prepared by the homogenization and solution-casting method was used as an effective carrier to alleviate these problems. Homogenization (10-50 MPa) reduced the starch paste viscosity and its particle sizes from 21.64 to 7.68 μm, which promoted the starch recrystallization and induced chemical cross-links between starch-CA, as confirmed by the FTIR result with an appearance of a new CO peak at about 1716 cm-1. Accordingly, the rapidly digestible starch content of the film was reduced to 27.83 % and the CA encapsulation efficiency was increased to 99.08 % (from 65.88 %). As a result, the film system extended CA's release time beyond 4 h and significantly increased the heat-treated CA's antioxidant activity. Besides, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the film were also improved to 6.29 MPa (from 1.63 MPa) and 160.98 MPa (from 12.02 MPa), respectively, by homogenization. In conclusion, the developed active starch-based film could be used as an edible film for the production of functional food or active food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zeng Jie
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Tongchao Su
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ziheng Li
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Fengsong Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Jiang L, Zhou Z, Zhao F, Li S, Liu Z, Liu X, Xu M, Xin Z, Zhao S, Li L. Flame retardancy, smoke suppression and enhancement properties of Enteromorpha based flame retardants on
EPDM. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Licong Jiang
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Ziwen Zhou
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Song Li
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Integrated Product Department Shandong Rike Chemical Co., Ltd Changle China
| | - Meiming Xu
- Integrated Product Department Shandong Rike Chemical Co., Ltd Changle China
| | - Zhenxiang Xin
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
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8
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The Study of Enteromorpha-Based Reinforcing-Type Flame Retardant on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of EPDM. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010055. [PMID: 36616405 PMCID: PMC9823468 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteromorpha, as a waste from marine pollution, brings great pressure to environmental governance every year, especially for China. Under the premise of a shortage of industrial materials, taking appropriate measures can turn waste into wealth, which will benefit us a lot. In this work, a bio-based reinforcing-type flame retardant based on Enteromorpha is designed. The designed Enteromorpha-based flame retardant system (AEG) mainly focuses on the reinforcing and flame retardant effects on ethylene-propylene-diene tripolymer (EPDM). For the AEG system, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) serves as both the acid source and the gas source; the simple hybrid material (GN) produced by loading graphene (GE) and Enteromorpha (EN) using tannic acid (TA) as a regulator serves as an acid source and a carbonizing source. The results show that when 40 phr AEG is added, the LOI of EPDM/AEG40 reaches 32.5% and the UL-94 reaches the V-0 level. The PHRR and THR values of EPDM/AEG40 are 325.9 kW/m2 and 117.6 MJ/m2, respectively, with decrements of 67.3% and 29.7%, respectively, compared with the results of neat EPDM composite. Especially, the TSP and TSR values of EPDM/AEG40 are reduced from 15.2 m2 of neat EPDM to 9.9 m2 with a decrement of 34.9% and reduced from 1715.2 m2/m2 of neat EPDM to 1124.5 m2/m2 with a decrement of 34.4%, indicating that AEG is effective in flame retardancy and smoke suppression. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and tear strength of EPDM/AEG composites are much higher than neat EPDM, therefore, with the future development of innovate reinforcing-type flame-retardant Enteromorpha, the application of Enteromorpha in the polymer flame-retardant field will surely usher in bright development.
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Fu J, Alee M, Yang M, Liu H, Li Y, Li Z, Yu L. Synergizing Multi-Plasticizers for a Starch-Based Edible Film. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9601510 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergized multi-plasticizers for a starch-based edible film were developed for food packaging. The most popular edible plasticizers, water, glycerol, and sorbitol were used as modal materials to demonstrate the synergized function of multi-plasticizers. The efficiency, stability, and compatibility of each plasticizer, as well as their synergized functions were investigated based on the characterizations of tensile properties after storing under different humidity conditions and for different times. The relationship between the microstructures of the plasticizers and their performances was studied and established. The results showed that water is an efficient plasticizer but is not stable, which results in it becoming brittle under lower humidity conditions; glycerol has a stronger moisture-retaining and absorption capability, which results in a weaker tensile strength under higher humidity conditions; and sorbitol is an efficient and stable plasticizer but needs to work with water, and its function can be synthesized by mixing it with water and glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mahafooj Alee
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mao Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhongxian Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Long Yu
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-87111971
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Chitosan-Gelatin Films: Plasticizers/Nanofillers Affect Chain Interactions and Material Properties in Different Ways. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183797. [PMID: 36145942 PMCID: PMC9505206 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers, which are biodegradable and inherently functional, have high potential for specialized applications (e.g., disposable and transient systems and biomedical treatment). For this, it is important to create composite materials with precisely defined chain interactions and tailored properties. This work shows that for a chitosan–gelatin material, both glycerol and isosorbide are effective plasticizers, but isosorbide could additionally disrupt the polyelectrolyte complexation (PEC) between the two biopolymers, which greatly impacts the glass transition temperature (Tg), mechanical properties, and water absorption. While glycerol-plasticized samples without nanofiller or with graphene oxide (GO) showed minimal water uptake, the addition of isosorbide and/or montmorillonite (MMT) made the materials hydrolytically unstable, likely due to disrupted PEC. However, these samples showed an opposite trend in surface hydrophilicity, which means surface chemistry is controlled differently from chain structure. This work highlights different mechanisms that control the different properties of dual-biopolymer systems and provides an updated definition of biopolymer plasticization, and thus could provide important knowledge for the future design of biopolymer composite materials with tailored surface hydrophilicity, overall hygroscopicity, and mechanical properties that meet specific application needs.
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11
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Alqosaibi AI. Nanocarriers for anticancer drugs: Challenges and perspectives. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103298. [PMID: 35645591 PMCID: PMC9130109 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death globally, surpassed only by cardiovascular disease. One of the hallmarks of cancer is uncontrolled cell division and resistance to cell death. Multiple approaches have been developed to tackle this disease, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although chemotherapy is used primarily to control cell division and induce cell death, some cancer cells are able to resist apoptosis and develop tolerance to these drugs. The side effects of chemotherapy are often overwhelming, and patients can experience more adverse effects than benefits. Furthermore, the bioavailability and stability of drugs used for chemotherapy are crucial issues that must be addressed, and there is therefore a high demand for a reliable delivery system that ensures fast and accurate targeting of treatment. In this review, we discuss the different types of nanocarriers, their properties and recent advances in formulations, with respect to relevant advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany I. Alqosaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Developing Edible Starch Film Used for Packaging Seasonings in Instant Noodles. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123105. [PMID: 34945656 PMCID: PMC8700853 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible starch-based film was developed for packaging seasoning applied in instant noodles. The edible film can quickly dissolve into hot water so that the seasoning bag can mix in the soup of instant noodles during preparation. To meet the specific requirements of the packaging, such as reasonable high tensile properties, ductility under arid conditions, and low gas permeability, hydroxypropyl cornstarch with various edible additives from food-grade ingredients were applied to enhance the functionality of starch film. In this work, xylose was used as a plasticizer, cellulose crystals were used as a reinforcing agent, and laver was used to decrease gas permeability. The microstructures, interface, and compatibility of various components and film performance were investigated using an optical microscope under polarized light, scanning electron microscope, gas permeability, and tensile testing. The relationship was established between processing methodologies, microstructures, and performances. The results showed that the developed starch-based film have a modulus of 960 MPa, tensile strength of 36 Mpa with 14% elongation, and water vapor permeability less than 5.8 g/m2.h under 20% RH condition at room temperature (25 °C), which meets the general requirements of the flavor bag packaging used in instant noodles.
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