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El-Nashar HAS, Al-Azzawi MA, Al-Kazzaz HH, Alghanimi YK, Kocaebli SM, Alhmammi M, Asad A, Salam T, El-Shazly M, Ali MAM. HPLC-ESI/MS-MS metabolic profiling of white pitaya fruit and cytotoxic potential against cervical cancer: Comparative studies, synergistic effects, and molecular mechanistic approaches. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 244:116121. [PMID: 38581932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Natural approach became a high demand for the prevention and treatment of such diseases for their proven safety and efficacy. This study is aimed to perform comparative phytochemical analysis of white pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) peel, pulp and seed extracts via determination of total flavonoid content, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity, coupled with HPLC-ESI/MS-MS analysis. Further, we evaluated the synergistic cytotoxic potential with Cisplatin against cervical cancer cells with investigation of underlying mechanism. The highest content of phenolics and antioxidants were found in both seed and peel extracts. The HPLC-ESI/MS-MS revealed identification of flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanin glycosides, lignans, stilbenes, and coumarins. The cytotoxicity effects were evaluated by MTT assay against prostate, breast and cervical (HeLa) and Vero cell lines. The seed and peel extracts showed remarkable cytotoxic effect against all tested cell lines. Moreover, the selectivity index confirmed high selectivity of pitaya extracts to cancer cells and safety on normal cells. The combined therapy with Cisplatin effectively enhanced its efficacy and optimized the treatment outcomes, through the apoptotic ability of pitaya extracts in HeLa cells, as evaluated by flow cytometry. Besides, RT-PCR and western blotting analysis showed downregulation of Bcl-2 and overexpression of P53, BAX among HeLa cells treated with pitaya extracts, which eventually activated apoptosis process. Thus, pitaya extract could be used as adjuvant therapy with cisplatin for treatment of cervical cancer. Furthermore, in-vivo extensive studies on the seed and peel extracts, and their compounds are recommended to gain more clarification about the required dose, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Mahmood A Al-Azzawi
- Department of Forensic Science, College of Science, Al-Karkh University of Science, P.O. Box 10081, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hassan Hadi Al-Kazzaz
- College of Medical and Health Technologies, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | | | - Moaz Alhmammi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Asad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Tarek Salam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A M Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Zhao Z, Wang L, Chen J, Zhang N, Zhou W, Song Y. Altitudinal variation of dragon fruit metabolite profiles as revealed by UPLC-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomics analysis. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:344. [PMID: 38684949 PMCID: PMC11057076 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographical factors affect the nutritional, therapeutic and commercial values of fruits. Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp) is a popular fruit in Asia and a potential functional food with diverse pharmacological attributes. Although it is produced in various localities, the information related to the altitudinal variation of dragon fruit nutrients and active compounds is scarce. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the variations in metabolite profiles of H. polyrhizus (variety Jindu1) fruit pulps from three different altitudes of China, including Wangmo (WM, 650 m), Luodian (LD, 420 m), and Zhenning (ZN, 356 m). Jindu1 is the main cultivated pitaya variety in Guizhou province, China. RESULTS The LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy)-based widely targeted metabolic profiling identified 645 metabolites, of which flavonoids (22.64%), lipids (13.80%), phenolic acids (12.40%), amino acids and derivatives (10.39%), alkaloids (8.84%), and organic acids (8.37%) were dominant. Multivariate analyses unveiled that the metabolite profiles of the fruit differed regarding the altitude. Fruits from WM (highest altitude) were prime in quality, with higher levels of flavonoids, alkaloids, nucleotides and derivatives, amino acids and derivatives, and vitamins. Fruits from LD and ZN had the highest relative content of phenolic acids and terpenoids, respectively. We identified 69 significantly differentially accumulated metabolites across the pulps of the fruits from the three locations. KEGG analysis revealed that flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and isoflavonoid biosynthesis were the most differentially regulated. It was noteworthy that most active flavonoid compounds exhibited an increasing accumulation pattern along with the increase in altitude. Vitexin and isovitexin were the major differentially accumulated flavonoids. Furthermore, we identified two potential metabolic biomarkers (vitexin and kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-β-D-galactose-6-O-a-L-rhamnose]-β-D-glucoside) to discriminate between dragon fruits from different geographical origins. CONCLUSION Our findings provide insights into metabolic changes in dragon fruits grown at different altitudes. Furthermore, they show that growing pitaya at high altitudes can produce fruit with higher levels of bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Zhao
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/ State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Lang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/ State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/ State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guiyang, 540086, China
| | - Yuehua Song
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/ State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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Santos GBM, de Abreu FAP, da Silva GS, Guedes JAC, Lira SM, Dionísio AP, Pontes DF, Zocolo GJ. UPLC-QTOF-MS E based metabolomics and chemometrics study of the pitaya processing. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113957. [PMID: 38309877 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The search for knowledge related to the Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus [F.A.C. Weber] Britton & Rose, family Cactaceae) is commonly due to its beneficial health properties e aesthetic values. But process to obtain pitaya pulp is a first and important step in providing information for the subsequent use of this fruit as colorant, for example. Therefore, the effects of the pulping process on the metabolomic and chemometric profile of non-volatile compounds of pitaya were assessed for the first time. The differences in metabolic fingerprints using UPLC-QTOF-MSE and multivariate modeling (PCA and OPLS-DA) was performed in the following treatments: treatment A, which consists of pelled pitaya and no ascorbic acid addition during pulping; treatment B, use of unpelled pitaya added of ascorbic acid during pulping; and control, unpelled pitaya and no ascorbic acid addition during pulping. For the metabolomic analysis, UPLC-QTOF-MSE shows an efficient method for the simultaneous determination of 35 non-volatile pitaya metabolites, including isorhamnetin glucosyl rhamnosyl isomers, phyllocactin isomers, 2'-O-apiosyl-phylocactin and 4'-O-malonyl-betanin. In addition, the chemometric analysis efficiently distinguished the metabolic compounds of each treatment applied and shows that the use of unpelled pitaya added of ascorbic acid during pulping has an interesting chemical profile due to the preservation or formation of compounds, such as those derived from betalain, and higher yields, which is desirable for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Machado Lira
- Department of Nutrition, State University of Ceara, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dionísio
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Dra Sara Mesquita St., 2270, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Julião Zocolo
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Dra Sara Mesquita St., 2270, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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4
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Cassimiro CAL, Henschel JM, Gomes VGN, Alves RDC, da Silva PK, Pereira EM, Cavalcanti MT, Batista DS, da Costa Batista FR. Irrigation level and substrate type on the acclimatization and development of mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC.): an emblematic cactus from Brazilian semiarid region. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20547. [PMID: 37996545 PMCID: PMC10667334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mandacaru is a cactus with great socioeconomic potential, but lack of information about its cultivation hinders its domestication. Here, we aimed to evaluate the acclimatization and vegetative development of mandacaru under different substrates and irrigation levels. For this, seeds inoculated in vitro were grown for 120 days, being transplanted to pots containing four types of substrate (S1-caatinga soil + gravel; S2-washed sand + organic matter + soil + charcoal; S3-washed sand + cattle manure + soil + sand; S4-commercial organic substrate). Pots were irrigated with 100% of the field capacity (FC) once-a-week, or with 50% FC twice-a-week, and kept in a greenhouse for six months. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with six replications. Plant height and diameter, axial and radial growth rate, fresh and dry mass of stem and root, water content, and photosynthetic pigments were determined. Growth was affected mainly by the substrate, with S4 resulting in higher growth and pigment content, while S1 was impaired and S2 and S3 resulted in intermediate growth. The use of S4 and 100% FC once per week was the best condition for mandacaru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Lins Cassimiro
- Graduate Program in Agricultural Sciences (Agroecology), Federal University of Paraíba, Bananeiras, Paraíba, 58220-000, Brazil
- National Institute of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Lopes de Almeida, s/n, Serrotão, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58434-700, Brazil
| | - Juliane Maciel Henschel
- Graduate Program in Agronomy, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Gabrielle Nóbrega Gomes
- National Institute of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Lopes de Almeida, s/n, Serrotão, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58434-700, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Alves
- National Institute of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Lopes de Almeida, s/n, Serrotão, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58434-700, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Karla da Silva
- National Institute of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Lopes de Almeida, s/n, Serrotão, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58434-700, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Moreira Pereira
- Graduate Program in Agricultural Sciences (Agroecology), Federal University of Paraíba, Bananeiras, Paraíba, 58220-000, Brazil
- National Institute of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Lopes de Almeida, s/n, Serrotão, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58434-700, Brazil
- Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus Universitário III, s/n, Bananeiras, PB, 58220-000, Brazil
| | - Mônica Tejo Cavalcanti
- National Institute of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Lopes de Almeida, s/n, Serrotão, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58434-700, Brazil
| | - Diego Silva Batista
- Graduate Program in Agricultural Sciences (Agroecology), Federal University of Paraíba, Bananeiras, Paraíba, 58220-000, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Agronomy, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, 58397-000, Brazil.
- Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus Universitário III, s/n, Bananeiras, PB, 58220-000, Brazil.
| | - Fabiane Rabelo da Costa Batista
- National Institute of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Lopes de Almeida, s/n, Serrotão, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58434-700, Brazil
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5
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Watkins JL, Li Q, Yeaman S, Facchini PJ. Elucidation of the mescaline biosynthetic pathway in peyote (Lophophora williamsii). Plant J 2023; 116:635-649. [PMID: 37675639 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) is an entheogenic and medicinal cactus native to the Chihuahuan desert. The psychoactive and hallucinogenic properties of peyote are principally attributed to the phenethylamine derivative mescaline. Despite the isolation of mescaline from peyote over 120 years ago, the biosynthetic pathway in the plant has remained undiscovered. Here, we use a transcriptomics and homology-guided gene discovery strategy to elucidate a near-complete biosynthetic pathway from l-tyrosine to mescaline. We identified a cytochrome P450 that catalyzes the 3-hydroxylation of l-tyrosine to l-DOPA, a tyrosine/DOPA decarboxylase yielding dopamine, and four substrate-specific and regiospecific substituted phenethylamine O-methyltransferases. Biochemical assays with recombinant enzymes or functional analyses performed by feeding putative precursors to engineered yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strains expressing candidate peyote biosynthetic genes were used to determine substrate specificity, which served as the basis for pathway elucidation. Additionally, an N-methyltransferase displaying broad substrate specificity and leading to the production of N-methylated phenethylamine derivatives was identified, which could also function as an early step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids in peyote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta L Watkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Qiushi Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sam Yeaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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6
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Roriz CL, Carocho M, Alves MJ, Rodrigues P, Morales P, Ferreira ICFR, Heleno SA, Barros L. Betacyanins obtained from alternative novel sources as natural food colorant additives: incorporated in savory and sweet food products. Food Funct 2023; 14:8775-8784. [PMID: 37606616 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the performance and stability of betacyanin compounds present in enriched extracts of red-fleshed pitaya peels (Hylocereus costaricensis) and the flowers of Amaranthus caudatus; they were evaluated as natural food colorants in tagliatelle pasta and meringue cookies. The recovered natural extracts showed promising stability, maintaining a deep pink color over a storage time of 14 days, without deeply changing the chemical composition. A number of factors were assessed, including the microbial load, texture, color, nutritional value, and contents of organic acids, fatty acids, and even free sugars of the products. Some significant interactions between the type of colorant and storage time contributed to the changes in some analyzed parameters, as can be observed from the results for organic and fatty acids in the tagliatelle pasta and meringue cookies. Another significant achievement was the reduction in the microbial load during the storage time, which strengthens the antibacterial power of these natural extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Custódio Lobo Roriz
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Alameda Santa Apolónia 5300-253, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Dpto. Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Pza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Márcio Carocho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Alameda Santa Apolónia 5300-253, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria José Alves
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Alameda Santa Apolónia 5300-253, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paula Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Alameda Santa Apolónia 5300-253, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Patricia Morales
- Dpto. Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Pza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Alameda Santa Apolónia 5300-253, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sandrina A Heleno
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Alameda Santa Apolónia 5300-253, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Alameda Santa Apolónia 5300-253, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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7
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Thwe PN, Yeong KY, Choo WS. Anti-Amyloid β Aggregation Activity and Cell Viability Effect of Betacyanins from Red Pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) for Alzheimer's Disease. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2023; 78:613-619. [PMID: 37466824 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Betacyanin-rich extract from red beet (Beta vulgaris) was recently reported to inhibit amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation, a main pathological event in Alzheimer's disease. However, the anti-Aβ aggregation effect of individual betacyanin isolates has not been reported before. This study investigated the anti-Aβ aggregation activity and cytotoxicity of betacyanins from red pitahaya or red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Betacyanin fraction (IC50 = 16.02 ± 1.15 µg/mL) and individual betacyanin isolates exhibited anti-Aβ aggregation activity in a concentration-dependent manner using a thioflavin T fluorescence assay. The highest to lowest IC50 was in the order of betanin (426.30 ± 29.55 µM), phyllocactin (175.22 ± 1.52 µM), and hylocerenin (131.73 ± 5.58 µM), following a trend of increase in functional groups of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and/or carbonyl. Further, the betacyanin fraction of 135.78 µg/mL and below, which were concentrations with an anti-Aβ aggregation effect, were validated as non-neurotoxic based on an in vitro cytotoxicity assay using human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. These findings highlight the potential neuroprotective activity of betacyanins for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Nu Thwe
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia.
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8
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Jiang H, Zhang W, Pu Y, Chen L, Cao J, Jiang W. Development and characterization of a novel active and intelligent film based on pectin and betacyanins from peel waste of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus). Food Chem 2022; 404:134444. [PMID: 36244062 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, peel waste of pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) was used to develop a novel active and functional film. The film was developed with a combination of the white-fleshed pitaya peel pectin (WPPP) as a biopolymer and white-fleshed pitaya peel betacyanins (WPPB) as an active constituent, respectively. Furthermore, montmorillonite (MMT), a cheap and environmental-friendly silicate material, was introduced into film matrix as a filler to reduce the moisture sensitivity of the film. The effect of the incorporation of WPPB on the properties of WPPP/MMT films was investigated. The colorimetric response of WPPP/MMT/WPPB to pH and ammonia was examined, respectively. Moreover, WPPP/MMT/WPPB-2 was employed to monitor the freshness of shrimp. The color of the film changed from redness to reddish-brown, and further to brownness, echoing the shrimp turned from fresh to spoiled. Therefore, WPPP/MMT/WPPB-2 composite films showed promise for the applications in monitoring the freshness of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yijing Pu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Luyao Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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9
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Jimenez-Garcia SN, Garcia-Mier L, Ramirez-Gomez XS, Aguirre-Becerra H, Escobar-Ortiz A, Contreras-Medina LM, Garcia-Trejo JF, Feregrino-Perez AA. Pitahaya Peel: A By-Product with Great Phytochemical Potential, Biological Activity, and Functional Application. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165339. [PMID: 36014575 PMCID: PMC9415145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hylocereus spp. present two varieties of commercial interest due to their color, organoleptic characteristics, and nutritional contribution, such as Hylocerous polyrhizus and Selenicerus undatus. The fruit recognized as dragon fruit or Pitahaya is an exotic fruit whose pulp is consumed, while the peel is discarded during the process. Studies indicate that the pulp has vitamin C and betalains, and seeds are rich in essential fatty acids, compounds that can contribute to the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases (cancer, hypertension, and diabetes). In the present study, polyphenolic compounds, biological activity, and fatty acids present in the peel of the two varieties of pitahaya peel were evaluated, showing as a result that the variety S. undatus had higher antioxidant activity with 51% related to the presence of flavonoids 357 mgRE/g sample and fatty acids (hexadecanoic acid and linoleate) with 0.310 and 0.248 mg AG/g sample, respectively. On the other hand, H. polyrhizuun showed a significant difference in the inhibitory activity of amylase and glucosidase enzymes with 68% and 67%, respectively. We conclude that pitahaya peel has potential health effects and demonstrate that methylated fatty acids could be precursors to betalain formation, as well as showing effects against senescence and as a biological control against insects; in the same way, the peel can be reused as a by-product for the extraction of important enzymes in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N. Jimenez-Garcia
- División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingeniería, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, C.A. Enfermedades no Transmisibles, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Ing. Javier Barros Sierra No. 201 Esq. Baja California, Ejido de Santa Maria del Refugio Celaya, Guanajuato 38140, Mexico
| | - Lina Garcia-Mier
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Querétaro, Blvd, Juriquilla No. 1000 A, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Xóchitl S. Ramirez-Gomez
- División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingeniería, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, C.A. Enfermedades no Transmisibles, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Ing. Javier Barros Sierra No. 201 Esq. Baja California, Ejido de Santa Maria del Refugio Celaya, Guanajuato 38140, Mexico
| | - Humberto Aguirre-Becerra
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Alexandro Escobar-Ortiz
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Contreras-Medina
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Juan F. Garcia-Trejo
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Ana A. Feregrino-Perez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +442-192-12-11 (Ext. 6016)
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10
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de Souza AH, Mendonça HDOP, de Paula ACCFF, Augusti R, Fante CA, Melo JOF, Carlos LDA. Influence of Harvest Time on the Chemical Profile of Pereskia aculeate Mill. Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134276. [PMID: 35807521 PMCID: PMC9268433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and the production of bioactive compounds of Pereskia aculeata Mill. at different harvest times. Here, we performed a qualitative evaluation of the chemical profile by paper spray mass spectrometry (PSMS), the phenolic acid and flavonoid profile by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, color characteristics, total soluble solids (TSS), total solids (TS), pH, and total titratable acidity (TTA). The chemical profile was not affected, with the exception of 4,5-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene and azelaic acid, which was only identified in the leaves harvested during the winter. The content of four phenolic acids and three flavonoids were analyzed; out of these, no significant amounts of ellagic acid and quercetin were detected. There was no difference in production of bioactive compounds between seasons, reflecting the antioxidant activity, which also did not differ. Brightness, chroma, and leaf pH were the only physicochemical characteristics that did not vary between seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Henrique de Souza
- Agricultural Sciences Department, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 35701-970, MG, Brazil; (A.H.d.S.); (H.d.O.P.M.); (L.d.A.C.)
| | - Henrique de Oliveira Prata Mendonça
- Agricultural Sciences Department, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 35701-970, MG, Brazil; (A.H.d.S.); (H.d.O.P.M.); (L.d.A.C.)
| | | | - Rodinei Augusti
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Camila Argenta Fante
- Food Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Júlio Onésio Ferreira Melo
- Agricultural Sciences Department, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 35701-970, MG, Brazil; (A.H.d.S.); (H.d.O.P.M.); (L.d.A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lanamar de Almeida Carlos
- Agricultural Sciences Department, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 35701-970, MG, Brazil; (A.H.d.S.); (H.d.O.P.M.); (L.d.A.C.)
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11
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Oliveira LM, Mendonça V, Moura EA, Irineu THS, Figueiredo FRA, Melo MF, Celedonio WF, Rêgo ALB, Mendonça LFM, Andrade ADM. Salt stress and organic fertilization on the growth and biochemical metabolism of Hylocereus costaricensis (red pitaya) seedlings. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e258476. [PMID: 35613211 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.258476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Red pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis) is a promising species, with high cultivation potential due to the organoleptic and functional qualities of its fruits. However, irrigation water salinity can affect the crop yield. Therefore, materials rich in organic substances can minimize the damage caused by excess salts in soil and/or water. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic matter sources as attenuators of salt stress on the production and biochemical responses of red pitaya seedlings. A completely randomized design in 4 × 5 factorial scheme, with five sources of organic matter (humus, sheep manure, biofertilizer, organic compost and sand + soil) and four salinities (0.6, 2.6, 4.6 and 6.6 dS m-1) with four replicates and two plants per plot was used. The shoot length, root length, cladode diameter, number of cladodes, number of sprotus, root volume, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass, root and shoot dry mass ratio, chlorophyll a, b and total, amino acids and soluble sugars were evaluated at 120 days after the treatments began to be applied. Red pitaya is moderately tolerant to salinity (ECw from 4.0 to 6.0 dS m-1). Organic compost and sheep manure attenuate the harmful effects of salinity on red pitaya seedlings. Under salt stress conditions, red pitaya plants increase their levels of proline, amino acids and total sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - V Mendonça
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - E A Moura
- Universidade Federal de Roraima - UFRR, Postgraduate Program in Agronomy - POSAGRO, Monte Cristo, RR, Brasil
| | - T H S Irineu
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - F R A Figueiredo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - M F Melo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - W F Celedonio
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Department of Plant Science and Environmental Science, Areia, PB, Brasil
| | - A L B Rêgo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - L F M Mendonça
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Department of Plant Sciences, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - A D M Andrade
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
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12
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Qian S, Sheng Z, Meng Q, Chen L, Wu D, Tang J, Liu Y, Han Z, Hu W. Evaluation of a Novel Phosphorylated Red Dragon Fruit Peel Pectin for Enhancement of Thermal Stability and Functional Activity. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2022; 77:150-154. [PMID: 35292935 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Red dragon fruit peel, as a fruit waste, is rich in plant-based nutritional pectins that can be applied as food additives. The present study aims to characterize a novel phosphorylated red dragon fruit peel pectin (PRDFP-P) and to explore its functional activities. The thermal analysis, morphology analysis, antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor activities of PRDFP-P were evaluated. The results showed that the phosphorylated derivative PRDFP-P had typical phosphate groups. Compared with the native red dragon fruit peel pectin (PRDFP), PRDFP-P possessed superior thermal stability and exhibited significant inhibition effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the phosphate groups on the derivative PRDFP-P chains remarkably enhanced the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radicals and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. In addition, PRDFP-P showed a significant inhibition effect on growth of human hepatic carcinoma cells (HepG2) and the IC50 value was determined to be 248.69 μg/mL (P < 0.05). Our results suggested that the phosphorylated derivative PRDFP-P might be potentially applied as stabilizing, thickening and gelling agents with functional activities in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutrition Function Evaluation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaian, 223300, China.
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
| | - Zhangrui Sheng
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Qi Meng
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Jiwu Tang
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutrition Function Evaluation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaian, 223300, China
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Zhenlian Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutrition Function Evaluation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaian, 223300, China
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Weicheng Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutrition Function Evaluation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaian, 223300, China
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
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13
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Anh TPT, Nguyen TV, Hoang PT, Thi PV, Kim TN, Van QN, Van CN, Hai YD. Dragon Fruit Foliage: An Agricultural Cellulosic Source to Extract Cellulose Nanomaterials. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247701. [PMID: 34946783 PMCID: PMC8704994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we focus our effort to extract cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) from an agricultural cellulosic waste, Dragon Fruit foliage (DFF). DFF was first pretreated by several mechanical treatments and then bleached by chemical treatment to obtain bleached DFF. CNs were then produced from the hydrolysis of the bleached DFF catalyzed by sulfuric acid. We obtained CNs with a small diameter (50 to 130 nm) and length (100 to 500 nm) and a height of 3 to 10 nm. The CNs have a high crystallinity (crystallinity index 84.8%), high −COOH content (0.74 mmol·g−1), good thermal stability and a good Cu (II) adsorption capacity with an adsorption maximum of ~103 mg·g−1. These findings demonstrated the great potential of converting many agricultural cellulosic wastes into valuable cellulose nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyet Phung Thi Anh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam; (T.P.T.A.); (T.V.N.); (P.T.H.); (P.V.T.)
| | - Toan Viet Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam; (T.P.T.A.); (T.V.N.); (P.T.H.); (P.V.T.)
| | - Phuong Thi Hoang
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam; (T.P.T.A.); (T.V.N.); (P.T.H.); (P.V.T.)
| | - Phuong Vu Thi
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam; (T.P.T.A.); (T.V.N.); (P.T.H.); (P.V.T.)
| | - Thoa Nguyen Kim
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam;
| | - Quyen Nguyen Van
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (Q.N.V.); (Y.D.H.)
| | - Chien Nguyen Van
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam;
| | - Yen Dao Hai
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam; (T.P.T.A.); (T.V.N.); (P.T.H.); (P.V.T.)
- Correspondence: (Q.N.V.); (Y.D.H.)
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14
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Ammagarahalli B, Layne JE, Rollmann SM. Host plant shift differentially alters olfactory sensitivity in female and male Drosophila mojavensis. J Insect Physiol 2021; 135:104312. [PMID: 34624310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Animals may vary in their utilization of plants depending on plant availability, and also on the sex of the animal. Evolutionary adaptations may arise, particularly in specialist animals to the chemistry of the host plants, and these adaptations may differ between the sexes due to differences in their interactions with the plants. Drosophila mojavensis uses different host cacti across its range, and volatile chemicals emitted by the host are the primary cue for host plant identification. In this study, we measured responses of individual olfactory sensory neurons to a large suite of odorants across males and females of the two southern D. mojavensis populations. We show that a switch in host plant is accompanied by changes in the olfactory system, but the effect of this switch is minor compared to that of sex. That is, we observe differences in olfactory receptor neuron specificity and sensitivity to odorants between sexes, and to a lesser extent between populations. The majority of sensory differences are restricted to only three of the 17 sensory neurons measured. Further, we found numerous differences between sexes that only occur within one population, i.e., sex-by-population interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byrappa Ammagarahalli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - John E Layne
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Stephanie M Rollmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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15
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Lasta EL, da Silva Pereira Ronning E, Dekker RFH, da Cunha MAA. Encapsulation and dispersion of Lactobacillus acidophilus in a chocolate coating as a strategy for maintaining cell viability in cereal bars. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20550. [PMID: 34654845 PMCID: PMC8519969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flour from Pereskia aculeata leaf and green banana were used as ingredients in the formulation of a cereal bar with added Lactobacillus acidophilus LA02-ID-1688. Encapsulation in a calcium-alginate hydrogel reinforced with magnesium hydroxide was used as a strategy to protect the probiotic cells under gastrointestinal conditions and to prolong shelf-life. The results are relevant especially for maintaining cell viability during shelf-life; a challenge for the food industry in relation to dry probiotic products. Encapsulation promoted the protection of probiotic cells in simulated gastric and intestinal conditions, allowing the maintenance of high viable cell counts (> 10 log CFU, colony forming unit). Encapsulation also contributed to cellular protection under extreme temperature conditions, with reductions of cell viability of < 1 logarithmic cycle when the capsules were subjected to 55ºC/10 min. Even at 75ºC/10 min, encapsulation protected the probiotic cells 3-times greater than the free-cells. The food bar proved to be rich in dietary fiber (19 g 100 g-1), lipids (12.63 g 100 g-1) and showed an appreciable protein content (5.44 g 100 g-1). A high viable probiotic cell count on storage over 120 days (12.54 log CFU) was observed, maintaining a probiotic survival rate > 90% and viability levels sufficient to promote health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Luiz Lasta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia de Processos Químicos e Bioquímicos, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Via do Conhecimento Km 01, Pato Branco, Paraná, CEP 85503-390, Brazil
| | - Eduardo da Silva Pereira Ronning
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Via do Conhecimento Km 01, Pato Branco, Paraná, CEP 85503-390, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Tecnologia de Bioprocessos e Alimentos (GTBio), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Via do Conhecimento Km 01, Pato Branco, Paraná, CEP 85503-390, Brazil
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Tecnologia de Bioprocessos e Alimentos (GTBio), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Via do Conhecimento Km 01, Pato Branco, Paraná, CEP 85503-390, Brazil
- Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos EIRELI, Lote 24A, Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Londrina, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86036-700, Brazil
| | - Mário Antônio Alves da Cunha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Via do Conhecimento Km 01, Pato Branco, Paraná, CEP 85503-390, Brazil.
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Tecnologia de Bioprocessos e Alimentos (GTBio), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Via do Conhecimento Km 01, Pato Branco, Paraná, CEP 85503-390, Brazil.
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16
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Son J, Bae GY, Lee S, Lee G, Kim SW, Kim D, Chung S, Cho K. Cactus-Spine-Inspired Sweat-Collecting Patch for Fast and Continuous Monitoring of Sweat. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2102740. [PMID: 34396596 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A sweat sensor is expected to be the most appropriate wearable device for noninvasive healthcare monitoring. However, the practical use of sweat sensors is impeded by irregular and low sweat secretion rates. Here, a sweat-collecting patch that can collect sweat efficiently for fast and continuous healthcare monitoring is demonstrated. The patch uses cactus-spine-inspired wedge-shaped wettability-patterned channels on a hierarchical microstructured/nanostructured surface. The channel shape, in combination with the superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surface materials, induces a unidirectional Laplace pressure that transports the sweat to the sensing area spontaneously even when the patch is aligned vertically. The patch demonstrates superior sweat-collecting efficiency and reduces the time required to fill the sensing area by transporting sweat almost without leaving it inside the channel. Therefore, a sensor based on the patch responds quickly to biochemicals in sweat, and the patch enables the continuous monitoring of changes in sweat biochemicals according to their changes in the wearer's blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyun Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Geun Yeol Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Giwon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Seong Won Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Daegun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
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17
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Abstract
Commonly, false peyote refers to Lophophora diffusa. However, several other unrelated cacti go by this colloquial name. They either resemble "true" peyote, Lophophora williamsii, or are found in similar habitats. To date, over 40 different alkaloids have been isolated from the Lophophora genus. Of these, only the pharmacological actions of mescaline (1) have been extensively investigated. The major alkaloid in L. diffusa is pellotine (2), a tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ), which was briefly marketed as a sleeping aid around the beginning of the 20th century, following reports of its hypnotic properties in humans. Pharmacological experiments with the Lophophora THIQs were performed at the turn of the 20th century, whereas the chemical synthesis was not realized until several decades later. The biosynthetic pathways of the main Lophophora alkaloids were reported at the end of the 1960s. In this review, the relationship of the different "false peyotes" to L. williamsii, in regard to their alkaloid content, the bio- and chemical synthesis of the most relevant alkaloids, and their corresponding pharmacology will be outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla B Chan
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK - 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian B M Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK - 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon S Wismann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK - 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Soelberg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK - 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK - 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Saenjum C, Pattananandecha T, Nakagawa K. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals and Related Stable Paramagnetic Species in Different Parts of Dragon Fruit. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123565. [PMID: 34200974 PMCID: PMC8230633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals and paramagnetic species in dragon fruit using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). HPLC analysis demonstrated that dragon fruit is enriched with bioactive phytochemicals, with significant variations between each part of the fruit. Anthocyanins namely, cyanidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-glucoside were detected in the dragon fruit peel and fresh red pulp. Epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, caffeine, and gallic acid were found in the dragon fruit seed. Additionally, 25–100 mg × L−1 of dragon fruit pulp and peel extracts containing enrichment of cyanidin 3-glucoside were found to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in cell-based studies without exerted cytotoxicity. EPR primarily detected two paramagnetic species in the red samples. These two different radical species were assigned as stable radicals and Mn2+ (paramagnetic species) based on the g-values and hyperfine components. In addition, the broad EPR line width of the white peel can be correlated to a unique moiety in dragon fruit. Our EPR and HPLC results provide new insight regarding the phytochemicals and related stable intermediates found in various parts of dragon fruit. Thus, we suggest here that there is the potential to use dragon fruit peel, which contains anthocyanins, as a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalermpong Saenjum
- Cluster of Excellence on Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (K.N.); Tel.: +66-53-94-4312 (C.S.); +81-172-39-5921 (K.N.)
| | - Thanawat Pattananandecha
- Cluster of Excellence on Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kouichi Nakagawa
- Division of Regional Innovation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-Cho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (K.N.); Tel.: +66-53-94-4312 (C.S.); +81-172-39-5921 (K.N.)
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19
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Cruz TM, Santos JS, do Carmo MAV, Hellström J, Pihlava JM, Azevedo L, Granato D, Marques MB. Extraction optimization of bioactive compounds from ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) leaves and their in vitro antioxidant and antihemolytic activities. Food Chem 2021; 361:130078. [PMID: 34023692 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) is a non-conventional food plant common in Brazil. The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds from ora-pro-nobis leaves by employing solvent mixtures. Ten extracts were obtained with water, ethanol, acetone, and their binary and ternary mixtures, evaluating the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and bioactivities in vitro. The response surface methodology was applied to model the results and calculate the optimal solvent composition, which is 60% water, 40% ethanol and 0% acetone. The optimized extract is rich in phenolic compounds (64 mg GAE/g) and proteins (823 mg/g) and presents antioxidant activity (in intracellular media as well) and inhibits lipid peroxidation (32%) along with hypotonic hemolysis (H50 = 0.339%), it does not present toxicity in vitro against cancer and normal cells. This is the first report of chicoric, caffeoyl-hexaric and coumaroyl-hexaric acids and some glycosylate derivatives of flavonols in ora-pro-nobis leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Mendanha Cruz
- Graduation Program in Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Jânio Sousa Santos
- Graduation Program in Food Science and Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Jarkko Hellström
- Food Processing and Quality, Production Systems Unit - Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha-Matti Pihlava
- Food Processing and Quality, Production Systems Unit - Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Granato
- Graduation Program in Food Science and Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil; Food Processing and Quality, Production Systems Unit - Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mariza Boscacci Marques
- Graduation Program in Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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Fang J, Zhang Y, Xiao L, Jiao Y, Tang X, Cheng H, Cui Z, Li X, Li G, Cao M, Zhong L. Self-Propelled and Electrobraking Synergetic Liquid Manipulator toward Microsampling and Bioanalysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:14741-14751. [PMID: 33723993 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Droplet manipulation is of paramount significance for microfluidics-based biochips, especially for bioanalytical chips. Despite great progresses made on droplet manipulation, the existing bioanalytical methods face challenges in terms of capturing minute doses toward hard-to-obtain samples and analyzing biological samples at low temperatures immediately. To circumvent these limitations, a self-propelled and electric stimuli synergetic droplet manipulator (SES-SDM) was developed by a femtosecond laser microfabrication strategy followed by post-treatment. Combining the inspiration from cactus and Nepenthes pitcher plants, the wedge structure with the microbowl array and silicone oil infusion was endowed cooperatively with the SES-SDM. With the synergy of the ultralow voltage (4.0 V) stimuli, these bioinspired features enable the SES-SDM to transport the droplet spontaneously and controllably, showing the maximum fast motion (15.7 mm/s) and long distance (96.2 mm). Remarkably, the SES-SDM can function at -5 °C without the freezing of the droplets, where the self-propelled motion and electric-responsive pinning can realize the accurate capture and real-time analysis of the microdroplets of the tested samples. More importantly, the SES-SDM can realize real-time diagnosis of excessive heavy metal in water by the cooperation of self-propulsion and electro-brake. This work opens an avenue to design a microsampling (5-20 μL) manipulator toward producing the minute samples for efficient bioanalysis and offers a strategy for microanalysis using the synergistic droplet manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yabin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Zehang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Moyuan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
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21
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Wan H, Min J, Carlson BE, Lin J, Sun C. Spindle-Shaped Surface Microstructure Inspired by Directional Water Collection Biosystems to Enhance Interfacial Wetting and Bonding Strength. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:13760-13770. [PMID: 33703875 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unique spindle microstructures with an apex angle of ∼20° bring the ability of directional water collection to various biosystems (i.e., spider silk and cactus stem). This has great potential to solve the insufficient interfacial wetting for mechanical interlocking formation between polymers and substrates. In this study, the bioinspired spindle microstructures were easily fabricated through the deposition of molten materials by a nanosecond laser with an overlap ratio of 21% between laser spots and achieved superior interfacial wetting for commercial epoxy adhesive on aluminum substrates. Detailed analyses show that there are four mechanisms responsible for the superior interfacial wettability of bioinspired spindle microstructures: the Laplace pressure difference, newly formed aluminum oxide, the capillary effect, and no extra pressure from a trapped atmosphere. Consequently, the bioinspired spindle surface microstructures achieve a maximum improvement of ∼16 and ∼39% in interfacial bonding strength before and after water soak exposure compared to the as-received condition. Moreover, the stable interfacial wettability of bioinspired spindle microstructures ensures that the improved joint strength varied little with an increase in surface roughness from ∼1.7 to ∼12.8 μm. However, the interfacial wettability of common dimple microstructures deteriorated with an increase in surface roughness, which is indicated by the decreasing rule in the quadratic polynomial function of the interfacial bonding strength as the surface roughness increases from ∼2.1 to ∼18.2 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailang Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Junying Min
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Blair E Carlson
- General Motors Global Research & Development, Warren, Michigan 48092, United States
| | - Jianping Lin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Chengcheng Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
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de Oliveira AM, de Freitas AFS, Costa MDDS, Torres MKDS, Castro YADA, Almeida AMR, Paiva PMG, Carvalho BM, Napoleão TH. Pilosocereus gounellei (Cactaceae) stem extract decreases insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardio-metabolic risk in diet-induced obese mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 265:113327. [PMID: 32871234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pilosocereus gounellei (xique-xique) is a popular cactus from Caatinga, traditionally used to counter inflammatory processes and indicated as a hypoglycemic agent. Previous studies have shown that mice treated orally with saline extract of P. gounellei stem (containing flavonoids and sugars) showed decreased serum lipid levels. AIM OF THE STUDY In this work, we evaluated whether this extract would have beneficial effects against hyperglycemia and inflammatory status related to obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS Obese animals were treated daily per os with the extract (EXT; 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg), metformin (MET; 400 mg/kg), or saline solution (diet-induced obese, DIO) for 21 days. A group of non-obese animals served as the control. We evaluated lipid profile, glucose and insulin tolerance, atherogenic indices, histological alterations, cytokine levels, and oxidative stress in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. RESULTS At the end of the experiment, mice from EXT groups showed lower body weight and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides compared with the DIO group; in addition, HDL-cholesterol levels and glucose and insulin tolerance were similar to those of the control group. When compared with the DIO group, the extract-treated mice showed reduction in cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, atherogenic index of plasma, and Castelli's Risk Index II; decrease in epididymal fat; reduction in steatosis, collagen deposition, and liver inflammation; lower serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1); inhibited lipid peroxidation; and increased superoxide dismutase levels in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. CONCLUSION The P. gounellei saline extract was able to improve physiological parameters of obese mice, which highlight the potential of this plant as source of compounds with biotechnological relevance for pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Anderson Felipe Soares de Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Milena Damasceno de Souza Costa
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Marília Kalinne da Silva Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Yasmim Alline de Araújo Castro
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Rampeloti Almeida
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Melo Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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23
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Medina-Pérez G, Estefes-Duarte JA, Afanador-Barajas LN, Fernández-Luqueño F, Zepeda-Velázquez AP, Franco-Fernández MJ, Peláez-Acero A, Campos-Montiel RG. Encapsulation Preserves Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Cactus Acid Fruit Bioactive Compounds under Simulated Digestion Conditions. Molecules 2020; 25:E5736. [PMID: 33291808 PMCID: PMC7731167 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cactus acid fruit (Xoconostle) has been studied due its content of bioactive compounds. Traditional Mexican medicine attributes hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic and immunostimulant properties among others. The bioactive compounds contained in xoconostle have shown their ability to inhibit digestive enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Unfortunately, polyphenols and antioxidants in general are molecules susceptible to degradation due to storage conditions, (temperature, oxygen and light) or the gastrointestinal tract, which limits its activity and compromises its potential beneficial effect on health. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the stability, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of encapsulated extract of xoconostle within double emulsions (water-in-oil-in-water) during storage conditions and simulated digestion. Total phenols, flavonoids, betalains, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition were measured before and after the preparation of double emulsions and during the simulation of digestion. The ED40% (treatment with 40% of xoconostle extract) treatment showed the highest percentage of inhibition of α-glucosidase in all phases of digestion. The inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase related to antidiabetic activity was higher in microencapsulated extracts than the non-encapsulated extracts. These results confirm the viability of encapsulation systems based on double emulsions to encapsulate and protect natural antidiabetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Medina-Pérez
- ICAP—Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo C.P. 43000, Mexico; (G.M.-P.); (J.A.E.-D.); (A.P.Z.-V.); (M.J.F.-F.); (A.P.-A.)
| | - José Antonio Estefes-Duarte
- ICAP—Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo C.P. 43000, Mexico; (G.M.-P.); (J.A.E.-D.); (A.P.Z.-V.); (M.J.F.-F.); (A.P.-A.)
| | - Laura N. Afanador-Barajas
- Natural Sciences Department, Engineering and Sciences Faculty, Universidad Central, Bogotá 110311, Colombia;
| | - Fabián Fernández-Luqueño
- Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy Programs, Cinvestav-Saltillo, Coahuila C.P. 25900, Mexico;
| | - Andrea Paloma Zepeda-Velázquez
- ICAP—Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo C.P. 43000, Mexico; (G.M.-P.); (J.A.E.-D.); (A.P.Z.-V.); (M.J.F.-F.); (A.P.-A.)
| | - Melitón Jesús Franco-Fernández
- ICAP—Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo C.P. 43000, Mexico; (G.M.-P.); (J.A.E.-D.); (A.P.Z.-V.); (M.J.F.-F.); (A.P.-A.)
| | - Armando Peláez-Acero
- ICAP—Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo C.P. 43000, Mexico; (G.M.-P.); (J.A.E.-D.); (A.P.Z.-V.); (M.J.F.-F.); (A.P.-A.)
| | - Rafael Germán Campos-Montiel
- ICAP—Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo C.P. 43000, Mexico; (G.M.-P.); (J.A.E.-D.); (A.P.Z.-V.); (M.J.F.-F.); (A.P.-A.)
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Bhagya Raj GVS, Dash KK. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phytocompounds from dragon fruit peel: Optimization, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 68:105180. [PMID: 32502959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction method (UAE) was applied to recover phytocompounds from dragon fruit peel and the process was modelled and optimized using the combination of artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA). The influence of ultrasonic temperature (30-70 °C), solvent to solid ratio (10:1-30:1 mL/g), solvent concentration (30-60%), and ultrasonic treatment time (5-25 min) on total polyphenolic content (ZT), antioxidant activity (ZD) and betacyanin content (ZB) was investigated. The ANN model successfully fitted to the experimental data and the output of ANN model was applied for genetic algorithm optimization. The optimal UAE conditions were obtained at ultrasonic temperature of 60 °C, solvent to solid ratio 25:1 mL/g, solvent concentration 60%, and ultrasonic treatment time of 20 min. The extraction kinetics and thermodynamic study for phytochemical compounds extracted from dragon fruit peel using UAE process was carried out at different combinations of temperature and time of extraction. The effective diffusion coefficient for total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity and betacyanin content were ranged from 2.99×10-11to4.84×10-11m2/s, 1.89×10-11to4.51×10-11m2/s and 2.55×10-11to5.40×10-11m2/s respectively and the corresponding mass transfer coefficient were varied between 2.00×10-06-2.81×10-06m/s, 1.53×10-06-2.66×10-06m/s and 1.81×10-06-3.05×10-06m/s respectively. The obtained information on effective diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient during extraction would allow the prediction of extraction rate and for estimation of operation conditions for industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V S Bhagya Raj
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Kshirod K Dash
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India; Department of Food Processing Technology, GKCIET, Malda, West Bengal 732141, India.
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Abstract
Betacyanin pigments were studied in edible fruits of four Melocactus species, M. violaceus Pfeiff., M. bahiensis (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb, M. amoenus (Hoffm.) Pfeiff., and M. curvispinus Pfeiff., by means of chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. The main pigment constituent, melocactin, endogenously present in the Melocactus species, was identified as betanidin 5-O-β-sophoroside betacyanin, previously known as "bougainvillein-r-I". The highest total concentration of betacyanins was found in fruits of M. amoenus (∼0.08 mg/g). Except for melocactin being the most abundant betacyanin (34.8-38.8%) in the analyzed species, a presence of its malonylated derivative, mammillarinin (15.2-19.9%), as well as more hydrophobic feruloyled and sinapoyled melocactins was confirmed by additional co-chromatographic experiments with authentic reference betacyanins. The acyl migration isomers of the malonylated betacyanins as well as a presence of 5''-O-E-sinapoyl-2'-O-apiosyl-betanin (2.3-3.0%) found frequently in light-stressed cacti was also acknowledged.
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26
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Sangkuanun T, Wichienchot S, Kato Y, Watanabe H, Peerakietkhajorn S. Oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit modulate gut microbiota, reduce oxidative stress and stimulate toll-pathway related gene expression in freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 103:126-134. [PMID: 32335314 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dragon fruit oligosaccharide (DFO) is an indigestible prebiotic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of DFO on gut microbiota, oxidative stress and immune-related gene expression in Daphnia magna. The 10-day-old D. magna were treated with 0, 9, and 27 mg l-1 DFO for 85 h. The gut bacterial communities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation and the expressions of genes in Toll signaling pathway were observed. The results showed that D. magna treated with 9 and 27 mg l-1 DFO altered gut microbiota composition by increasing Limnohabitans and Lactobacillus, and significantly increased SOD activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the expressions of Toll2, Toll3, Toll5, Toll7 and Pelle genes were significantly increased in D. magna treated with 9 and 27 mg l-1 DFO. Our results suggested that DFO changed the composition of the gut microbiota of D. magna by increasing the beneficial bacteria. DFO also had the ability to stimulate innate immunity in D. magna by increasing SOD activity, reducing lipid peroxidation, and increasing the expression of immune-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanwarat Sangkuanun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saranya Peerakietkhajorn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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27
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Gebrezgiher M, Kiflie Z. Utilization of Cactus Peel as Biosorbent for the Removal of Reactive Dyes from Textile Dye Effluents. J Environ Public Health 2020; 2020:5383842. [PMID: 32774394 PMCID: PMC7397381 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5383842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Textile industries generate large quantities of dye containing wastewater which pose a serious environmental problem. Currently, biosorbents have become desirable for the removal of dyes from textile effluents. In this study, batch experiments were conducted to investigate the biosorption characteristics of cactus peel on the removal of reactive red dye from aqueous solutions. The effects of solution pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration were studied. The interaction effects of process variables were analysed using response surface methodology. The results showed that removal efficiency increased as initial dye concentration and solution pH decreased and as biosorbent dosage and contact time increased. The highest removal efficiency (99.43%) was achieved at solution pH, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dose, and contact time of 3.0, 40 mg/l, 6 g, and 120 min, respectively. From regression analysis, the Langmuir isotherm was found to better (R 2 = 0.9935) represent the biosorption process as compared with the Freundlich isotherm (R 2 = 0.9722). Similarly, the pseudo-second-order model was seen to represent very well the biosorption kinetics. The results show that cactus peel has good potential for the removal of reactive red dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebrahtu Gebrezgiher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Zebene Kiflie
- School of Chemical and Bio-Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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28
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Wang J, Yi S, Yang Z, Chen Y, Jiang L, Wong CP. Laser Direct Structuring of Bioinspired Spine with Backward Microbarbs and Hierarchical Microchannels for Ultrafast Water Transport and Efficient Fog Harvesting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21080-21087. [PMID: 32293863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Achieving effective dropwise capture and ultrafast water transport is essential for fog harvesting. In nature, cactus uses the conical spine with microbarbs to effectively capture fog, while Sarracenia utilizes the trichome with hierarchical microchannels to quickly transport water. Herein, we combined their advantages to present a novel configuration, a spine with barbs and hierarchical channels (SBHC), for simultaneous ultrafast water transport and high-efficient fog harvesting. This bioinspired SBHC exhibited the fastest water transport ability and the highest fog harvesting efficiency in comparison with the spine with hierarchical channels (SHCs), the spine with barbs and grooves (SBG), and the spine with barbs (SB). Based on the fundamental SBHC unit, we further designed and fabricated a two-dimensional (2D) spider-web-like fog collector and a three-dimensional (3D) cactus-like fog collector using direct laser structuring and origami techniques. The 2D spider-web and 3D cactus-like fog collectors showed high-efficient fog collection capacity. We envision that this fundamental understanding and rational design strategy can be applied in fog harvesting, heat transfer, liquid manipulation, and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhu Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhilun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Salazar JR, Loza-Mejía MA, Soto-Cabrera D. Chemistry, Biological Activities and In Silico Bioprospection of Sterols and Triterpenes from Mexican Columnar Cactaceae. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071649. [PMID: 32260146 PMCID: PMC7180492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cactaceae family is an important source of triterpenes and sterols. The wide uses of those plants include food, gathering, medicinal, and live fences. Several studies have led to the isolation and characterization of many bioactive compounds. This review is focused on the chemistry and biological properties of sterols and triterpenes isolated mainly from some species with columnar and arborescent growth forms of Mexican Cactaceae. Regarding the biological properties of those compounds, apart from a few cases, their molecular mechanisms displayed are not still fully understand. To contribute to the above, computational chemistry tools have given a boost to traditional methods used in natural products research, allowing a more comprehensive exploration of chemistry and biological activities of isolated compounds and extracts. From this information an in silico bioprospection was carried out. The results suggest that sterols and triterpenoids present in Cactaceae have interesting substitution patterns that allow them to interact with some bio targets related to inflammation, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative processes. Thus, they should be considered as attractive leads for the development of drugs for the management of chronic degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodrigo Salazar
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (M.A.L.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-5278-9500 (J.R.S. & M.A.L.-M.)
| | - Marco A. Loza-Mejía
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (M.A.L.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-5278-9500 (J.R.S. & M.A.L.-M.)
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O. Elansary H, Szopa A, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Jafernik K, Ekiert H, Mahmoud EA, Abdelmoneim Barakat A, O. El-Ansary D. Mammillaria Species-Polyphenols Studies and Anti-Cancer, Anti-Oxidant, and Anti-Bacterial Activities. Molecules 2019; 25:E131. [PMID: 31905725 PMCID: PMC6982789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering new natural resources of polyphenols is the aim of many recent studies in the field of natural product research. This study tentatively investigated the polyphenols profile of the stems of seven Mammillaria species (M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, M. hahniana, M. crucigera, M. candida, M. albilanata, and M. muehlenpfordtii) using high performance liquid chromatography with DAD detector (HPLC-DAD) method. Furthermore, the anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial potentials of these extracts as well as major identified phenols were explored. The HPLC-DAD study confirmed the availability of six phenolic acids, including gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, sinapic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The dominant compounds were: gentisic acid in M. rhodantha and M. spinosissima; chlorogenic acid in M. muehlenpfordtii, M. crucigera, and M. rhodantha; and caffeic acid in M. rhodantha, M. crucigera, and M. spinosissima. Stems of Mammillaria sp. showed antiproliferative effects against HeLa, MCF-7, and Jurkat cells. In HeLa and MCF-7 cells, the best antiproliferative activities were found in the treatments with M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii. The apoptotic assay of M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii showed accumulation of necrotic cells in the early and late apoptotic phase. M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii showed the highest anti-oxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) assays. M. rhodantha was the best source of antioxidants. Mammillaria sp. showed moderate anti-bacterial effects against bacteria and the highest effects were found using the extracts of M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, M. crucigera and M. muehlenpfordtii against most bacteria. The anti-bacterial activities were attributed to other phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid) than gentisic acid, which was not active against most bacteria. Mammillaria sp. could be considered to be an important natural source of phenolic acids with anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.J.)
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.J.)
| | - Karolina Jafernik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.J.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.J.)
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoneim Barakat
- Botanical Gardens Research Department, Horticultural Research Institute (ARC), Alexandria 12311, Egypt;
| | - Diaa O. El-Ansary
- Precision Agriculture Laboratory, Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt;
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Lima TJ, Ribeiro NL, Costa RG, de Medeiros GR, de Medeiros AN, de Sousa S, de Cassia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga R, Serrano MP, Barba FJ, Lorenzo JM. Optimizing the use of spineless cactus in the finishing diet of lambs: physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of meat. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6241-6247. [PMID: 31250452 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of spineless cactus in finishing diets for lambs improves the carcass quality. However, data about its influence on meat traits is very scarce. The effects of spineless cactus inclusion in the finishing diet of lambs at four levels (0, 150, 300 and 450 g kg-1 of dry matter, DM) in replacement of Tifton hay on the physicochemical and sensory properties of meat were studied. RESULTS The spineless cactus modified the chemical composition increasing the protein (P < 0.001) and the fat (P < 0.01) contents of meat, presenting the greatest values in lambs fed diets with 150 and 300 g kg-1 (DM) replacing levels, respectively. However, the spineless cactus did not influence the growth performance from 23.7 to 37.3 kg of body weight (on average). In addition, colour parameters of the meat were not affected by the inclusion of spineless cactus in the finishing diet of lambs, resulting in mean values of 37.55, 14.96 and 8.49 for lightness, redness and yellowness, respectively. There were no statistical differences among treatments for cooking loss and shear force, with mean values of 34.8% and 14.8 N, respectively. Finally, the sensorial properties were not affected by the inclusion of spineless cactus in the finishing diet of lambs. CONCLUSION Spineless cactus could be included up to the level of 300 g kg-1 DM in the finishing diets of lambs to increase the fat content of meat without compromising its sensorial properties. However, further studies about the fatty acid composition of meat from lambs fed diets containing spineless cactus are necessary. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martina P Serrano
- Animal Science Techniques Applied to Wildlife Management Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Albacete Section of CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario sn, Albacete, Spain
- Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional of Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario sn, Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes of Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario sn, Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
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de Oliveira AM, da Silva WAV, Ferreira MRA, Paiva PMG, de Medeiros PL, Soares LAL, Carvalho BM, Napoleão TH. Assessment of 28-day oral toxicity and antipyretic activity of the saline extract from Pilosocereus gounellei (Cactaceae) stem in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 234:96-105. [PMID: 30703489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pilosocereus gounellei is a plant found in the Brazilian Caatinga and is popular due to its traditional uses in the treatment of inflammation. The present study was conducted to investigate the sub-acute toxicity of the saline extract from the stem of P. gounellei. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the 28-day oral toxicity (through behavioral, biochemical, hematological, and morphological analysis) and the antipyretic activity of the extract in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single oral dose (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) was administered daily over 28 consecutive days to male and female mice. Body weight, food and water intake, blood biochemical and hematological parameters, and urine composition were recorded. Histopathological examinations of the liver, kidney, spleen, lungs, and heart were performed and oxidative stress in the organs was evaluated by lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and nitrite analysis. The antipyretic effect of the 500 mg/kg dose was assessed using a yeast-induced pyrexia model. RESULTS Oral administration of the extract over 28 days did not affect body weight gain, food and water consumption, body temperature, and hematological parameters in male and female mice. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in male and female mice were reduced. Protein in the urine and histological alterations in both the liver and lungs were detected in male and female mice treated with the highest dose of the extract. SOD levels in the liver and the spleen increased significantly in both sexes, whereas lipid peroxidation decreased in the spleen of male mice. The extract also exerted an antipyretic effect after the first 60 min of the evaluation until the end of the observation duration (180 min). CONCLUSION The saline extract from the stem of P. gounellei did not present significant toxic effects over 28 consecutive days and demonstrated antipyretic activity when administered orally. Moreover, the results suggest that the extract has potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Future studies are needed to investigate its pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Paloma Lys de Medeiros
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Departamento de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bruno Melo Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunometabolismo, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Matra M, Wanapat M, Cherdthong A, Foiklang S, Mapato C. Dietary dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) peel powder improved in vitro rumen fermentation and gas production kinetics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1531-1538. [PMID: 30963404 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant phytophenols especially condensed tannins (CT) and saponins (SP) have been demonstrated to impact on rumen fermentation. Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) peel powder (DFPP) contains both CT and SP. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of DFPP and varying levels of concentrate and roughage ratios on gas production kinetics, nutrient degradability, and methane production "using in vitro gas production technique." The dietary treatments were arranged according to a 3 × 5 Factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. The two experimental factors consisted of the roughage to concentrate (R:C) ratio (100:0, 70:30, and 30:70) and the levels of DFPP supplementation (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of the substrate) on DM basis. The results revealed that the R:C ratio at 30:70 had the highest cumulative gas production when compared to other ratios (P < 0.01). The in vitro true dry matter degradability at 12 and 24 h was affected by R:C ratio (P < 0.01). Furthermore, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and propionate (C3) were significantly increased by the levels of DFPP, while acetate (C2) and C2:C3 ratios were decreased (P < 0.05). The rumen protozoal population was significantly decreased by DFPP supplementation (P < 0.05). Rumen methane production was significantly impacted by R:C ratios and decreased when the level of DFPP increased (P < 0.01), while NH3-N and ruminal pH were not influenced by the DFPP supplement. It could be summarized that supplementation of DFPP resulted in improved rumen fermentation kinetics and could be used as a dietary source to mitigate rumen methane production, hence reducing greenhouse gas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Suban Foiklang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiangmai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Chaowarit Mapato
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Fernandes ACF, de Souza AC, Ramos CL, Pereira AA, Schwan RF, Dias DR. Sensorial, antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of vinegars from surpluses of physalis (Physalis pubescens L.) and red pitahaya (Hylocereus monacanthus). J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:2267-2274. [PMID: 30328118 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To reduce postharvest losses, substandard fruit and agricultural surpluses can productively be used as raw material for vinegar production. The present study aimed to prepare vinegars from surpluses of physalis (Physalis pubescens L.) and red pitahaya (Hylocereus monacanthus) and then evaluate their sensorial characteristics, antimicrobial activities, total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) methods. RESULTS Two vinegars were produced by submerged fermentation using physalis and red pitahaya fruits surpluses. Physalis and red pitahaya vinegars had 47 and 45 g L-1 acetic acid, respectively, and both vinegars contained approximately 1 g L-1 ethanol. Both vinegars displayed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis. The TPC of physalis and red pitahaya vinegar was 0.5638 and 0.3656 g L-1 g gallic acid L-1 for physalis and red pitahaya, respectively. A similar antioxidant activity was detected in both the wines and vinegars. The sensorial analysis revealed that the consumers 'like moderately' each vinegar, and citric aroma was noted in the physalis vinegar. CONCLUSION In the present study, vinegars with sensorial characteristics approved by consumers were developed using fruit surpluses, adding value through a new product making use of a simple methodology that is both inexpensive and demonstrates a good yield. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cintia L Ramos
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Aline A Pereira
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Rosane F Schwan
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Disney R Dias
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
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Wu Q, Zhang Z, Zhu H, Li T, Zhu X, Gao H, Yun Z, Jiang Y. Comparative volatile compounds and primary metabolites profiling of pitaya fruit peel after ozone treatment. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:2610-2621. [PMID: 30417566 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone treatment can effectively inhibit fruit decay in many fruits during postharvest storage. However, little information is available for pitaya fruit. RESULTS Ozone treatment significantly reduced the decay rate and induced the enzyme activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, and also reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species. In total, 103 metabolites were detected and changed the content after ozone treatment, including 54 primary metabolites and 49 aromatic compounds. After significance and importance analysis, 37 metabolites were important. Some metabolites were induced by peel senescence to respond to senescence stress, including d-fructose, d-glucose, mannose, inositol, galactonic acid, ethanedioic acid and stearic acid. Some metabolic products of peel senescence were reduced by ozone treatment, including d-arabinose, glucaric acid, galacturonic acid, 1-hexanol, 4-ethylcyclohexanol, β-linalool, palmitoleic acid and 2-hydroxy-cyclopentadecanone. Some metabolites induced by ozone treatment might play a vital role in delaying the senescence and decay, including malic acid, succinic acid, pentenoic acid, eicosanoic acid, 2-hexenal, hexanal, 2-heptenal, 4-heptenal, 2-octenal and nitro m-xylene. CONCLUSION Ozone treatment significantly reduced decay and prolonged shelf-life without reducing fruit quality. In total, 37 metabolites might play an important role in ozone delayed fruit decay. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengke Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, No.58 Haidiandao Renmin Street, Haikou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Gao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 Dafeng Two Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Yun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
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Moreno-Pedraza A, Rosas-Román I, Garcia-Rojas NS, Guillén-Alonso H, Ovando-Vázquez C, Díaz-Ramírez D, Cuevas-Contreras J, Vergara F, Marsch-Martínez N, Molina-Torres J, Winkler R. Elucidating the Distribution of Plant Metabolites from Native Tissues with Laser Desorption Low-Temperature Plasma Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2734-2743. [PMID: 30636413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites of plants have important biological functions, which often depend on their localization in tissues. Ideally, a fresh untreated material should be directly analyzed to obtain a realistic view of the true sample chemistry. Therefore, there is a large interest for ambient mass-spectrometry-based imaging (MSI) methods. Our aim was to simplify this technology and to find an optimal combination of desorption/ionization principles for a fast ambient MSI of macroscopic plant samples. We coupled a 405 nm continuous wave (CW) ultraviolet (UV) diode laser to a three-dimensionally (3D) printed low-temperature plasma (LTP) probe. By moving the sample with a RepRap-based sampling stage, we could perform imaging of samples up to 16 × 16 cm2. We demonstrate the system performance by mapping mescaline in a San Pedro cactus ( Echinopsis pachanoi) cross section, tropane alkaloids in jimsonweed ( Datura stramonium) fruits and seeds, and nicotine in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings. In all cases, the anatomical regions of enriched compound concentrations were correctly depicted. The modular design of the laser desorption (LD)-LTP MSI platform, which is mainly assembled from commercial and 3D-printed components, facilitates its adoption by other research groups. The use of the CW-UV laser for desorption enables fast imaging measurements. A complete tobacco seedling with an image size of 9.2 × 15.0 mm2 was analyzed at a pixel size of 100 × 100 μm2 (14 043 mass scans), in less than 2 h. Natural products can be measured directly from native tissues, which inspires a broad use of LD-LTP MSI in plant chemistry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Moreno-Pedraza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Ignacio Rosas-Román
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Nancy Shyrley Garcia-Rojas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Héctor Guillén-Alonso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
- CONACYT Potosino Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, National Supercomputing Center , Camino a la Presa San José 2055 , Colonia Lomas 4ta Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí , Mexico
| | - David Díaz-Ramírez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Jessica Cuevas-Contreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Fredd Vergara
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig , Deutscher Platz 5e , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
- Mass Spectrometry Group , Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8 , 07745 Jena , Germany
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Cabañas-García E, Areche C, Jáuregui-Rincón J, Cruz-Sosa F, Pérez-Molphe Balch E. Phytochemical Profiling of Coryphantha macromeris (Cactaceae) Growing in Greenhouse Conditions Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography⁻Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040705. [PMID: 30781375 PMCID: PMC6412493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatographic separation combined with mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the characterization of plant metabolites because of its high sensitivity and selectivity. In this work, the phytochemical profile of aerial and radicular parts of Coryphantha macromeris (Engelm.) Britton & Rose growing under greenhouse conditions was qualitatively investigated for the first time by means of modern ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography⁻tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-HESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS). The UHPLC-PDA-HESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS analysis indicated a high complexity in phenolic metabolites. In our investigation, 69 compounds were detected and 60 of them were identified. Among detected compounds, several phenolic acids, phenolic glycosides, and organic acids were found. Within this diversity, 26 metabolites were exclusively detected in the aerial part, and 19 in the roots. Twenty-four metabolites occurred in both plant parts. According to the relative abundance of peaks in the chromatogram, ferulic and piscidic acids and their derivatives may correspond to one of the main phenolic compounds of C. macromeris. Our results contribute to the phytochemical knowledge regarding C. macromeris and its potential applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Besides, some metabolites and their fragmentation patterns are reported here for the first time for cacti species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cabañas-García
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago 7800024, Chile.
| | - Juan Jáuregui-Rincón
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Cruz-Sosa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina C.P., 09340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Eugenio Pérez-Molphe Balch
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico.
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Hernández-Valencia CG, Román-Guerrero A, Aguilar-Santamaría Á, Cira L, Shirai K. Cross-Linking Chitosan into Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose for the Preparation of Neem Oil Coating for Postharvest Storage of Pitaya ( Stenocereus pruinosus). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020219. [PMID: 30634411 PMCID: PMC6358988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The market trend for pitaya is increasing, although the preservation of the quality of this fruit after the harvest is challenging due to microbial decay, dehydration, and oxidation. In this work, the application of antimicrobial chitosan-based coatings achieved successful postharvest preservation of pitaya (Stenocereus pruinosus) during storage at 10 ± 2 °C with a relative humidity of 80 ± 5%. The solution of cross-linked chitosan with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose with entrapped Neem oil (16 g·L-1) displayed the best postharvest fruit characteristics. The reduction of physiological weight loss and fungal contamination, with an increased redness index and release of azadirachtin from the microencapsulated oil, resulted in up to a 15 day shelf life for this fruit. This postharvest procedure has the potential to increase commercial exploitation of fresh pitaya, owing to its good taste and high content of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen G Hernández-Valencia
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Pilot Plant of Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products, Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Angélica Román-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Pilot Plant of Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products, Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ángeles Aguilar-Santamaría
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Pilot Plant of Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products, Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Luis Cira
- Biotechnology and Food Science Department, Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora, 5 de febrero No. 818 sur, 85000 Obregon City, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Keiko Shirai
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Pilot Plant of Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products, Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Lago AMT, Neves ICO, Oliveira NL, Botrel DA, Minim LA, de Resende JV. Ultrasound-assisted oil-in-water nanoemulsion produced from Pereskia aculeata Miller mucilage. Ultrason Sonochem 2019; 50:339-353. [PMID: 30287179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For the preparation of nanoemulsions, the correct choice of emulsifiers, together with the emulsification methods, directly influences the final product quality. The present study reports the ultrasound-assisted preparation of oil-in-water nanoemulsions produced with mucilage extracted from leaves of Pereskia aculeata Miller (ora-pro-nobis; OPN). The OPN mucilage (%) and soybean oil (%) concentration range, and the process operating parameters, ultrasonic power amplitude (%) and sonication time (min), were optimized based on the mean droplet diameter (d32). The effect of the mucilage and oil concentrations was also investigated by the response variables such as polydispersity, density, turbidity, viscosity, zeta-potential, and interfacial tension. The higher OPN mucilage concentrations (%) with lower amounts of soybean oil (%) favored nanoemulsion formations (116 ≤ d32 ≤ 171 nm) and increased polydispersity, density, and zeta-potential. On increasing OPN mucilage and soybean oil the turbidity of the dispersions increased. All colloidal systems showed Newtonian behavior, and the viscosity in the systems increased due to the greater OPN mucilage concentration in the aqueous phase at a certain oil concentration. In addition, lower values of equilibrium interfacial tension were found with increasing OPN mucilage concentrations. Finally, from the stability test, it can be pointed out that the OPN mucilage concentration should be between 1.0 and 1.5% and the oil concentration should be less than 5%, so that lower d32 values are maintained over time. Therefore, mucilage extracted from OPN and the ultrasound technique can be used in the preparation of nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Maria Teixeira Lago
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Food Science, Laboratory of Food Refrigeration, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Isabelle Cristina Oliveira Neves
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Food Science, Laboratory of Food Refrigeration, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália Leite Oliveira
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Food Science, Laboratory of Food Refrigeration, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diego Alvarenga Botrel
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Food Science, Packaging Laboratory, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Minim
- Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Food Technology, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n - Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jaime Vilela de Resende
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Food Science, Laboratory of Food Refrigeration, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Abstract
The leaf of the plant pitaya shows excellent fog harvesting behavior through its 1D thorns with wire-like microstructures. The thorns of it cannot provide enough driving force for the droplet transportation by the special structure and chemistry gradient as the cactus thorns, but it showed efficient water supply which improved the fog harvesting greatly. The mechanism is studied based on 1D copper wire with similar 1D wire-like microstructure and wettability. This structure can significantly reduce the deviation of the fog-laden winds, and the surface intrinsic hydrophility makes water accumulate on it in the form of droplets, which endow it with an efficient water supply that is ∼100 times faster than that on a 2D-flat surface. In addition, it can also enhance the fog capture and water removal. The 3D fog collector composed of 1D microcopper wires has been fabricated which show a high fog harvesting efficiency of ∼13%. This work explains the role of 1D wire-like microstructure in efficient fog harvesting in a different view and provides new insight into the application of developing a more efficient fog collector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieshuang Zhong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials , Hubei University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruochong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials , Hubei University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
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Zegbe JA, Serna-Pérez A. Irrigation options to save water while enhancing export-size fruit and storability of 'Smooth Red' cactus pear. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:5503-5508. [PMID: 29691875 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A two-year study assessed deficit irrigation options for their effects on water-saving, yield, fruit quality, and postharvest performance of 'Smooth Red' cactus pear. We evaluated: (i) full irrigation (FI), (ii) partial rootzone drying (PRD), (iii) deficit irrigation (DI), and (iv) non-irrigated (NI) treatment as control. RESULTS The FI plants had the largest fruit size and the highest yield. PRD and DI plants used irrigation water with the highest efficiency and had the highest water productivity. The NI plants showed the highest water use efficiency in both growing seasons. Compared with FI, the yield was reduced in PRD by 5.5% in 2005 and by 7.8% in 2006. The corresponding reductions for DI were 6.0% and 7.4%, respectively. The NI plants had the lowest percentage of marketable yield. The PRD and DI treatments did not negatively affect fruit quality attributes either at harvest or after storage compared with FI and NI fruits. Fruit water loss tended to be lower in FI, PRD, and DI fruits. CONCLUSIONS This study was aimed at obtaining the maximum yield per unit of water applied instead of maximizing the yield per unit of area. We therefore recommend PRD or DI as feasible irrigation options for sustainable production of cactus pear. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Zegbe
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Serna-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
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Nemeth DC, Ammagarahalli B, Layne JE, Rollmann SM. Evolution of coeloconic sensilla in the peripheral olfactory system of Drosophila mojavensis. J Insect Physiol 2018; 110:13-22. [PMID: 30107159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Populations inhabiting habitats with different environmental conditions, such as climate, resource availability, predation, competition, can undergo selection for traits that are adaptive in one habitat and not the other, leading to divergence between populations. Changes in the olfactory systems of insects that rely on different host plants, for example, can occur in response to differences in sensory stimuli between habitats. In this study, we investigate the evolution of host preference by characterizing the coeloconic sensilla in Drosophila mojavensis, a species that breeds on different necrotic cacti across its geographic range. These cactus species differ in the volatile chemicals they emit, a primary sensory cue for host plant discrimination. Analysis of odor-evoked responses identified four coeloconic sensilla that were qualitatively similar to those of Drosophila melanogaster, but varied in the breadth and strength of their olfactory sensory neuron responses to some acids and amines. Variation in responses to certain odorants among D. mojavensis populations was also observed. Compared to D. melanogaster, there was a lack of sensitivity of antennal coeloconic type 3 (ac3) sensilla to primary ligands of OR35a across all populations. Consistent with this result was a lack of detectable Or35a gene expression. Using a comparative approach, we then examined odor specificity of ac3 sensilla for seven additional Drosophila species, and found that OR35a-like sensitivity may be limited to the melanogaster subgroup. The variation in specificity that was observed among species is not clearly attributable to the degree of ecological specialization, nor to the ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Nemeth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Byrappa Ammagarahalli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - John E Layne
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Stephanie M Rollmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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Palma A, Continella A, La Malfa S, D'Aquino S. Changes in physiological and some nutritional, nutraceuticals, chemical-physical, microbiological and sensory quality of minimally processed cactus pears cvs 'Bianca', 'Gialla' and 'Rossa' stored under passive modified atmosphere. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:1839-1849. [PMID: 28885688 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to compare the overall quality changes of minimally processed cactus pears cvs 'Bianca', Gialla' and 'Rossa' stored at 4 °C for 10 days. Periodically in-package CO2 , O2 and C2 H4 were determined and fruit were assessed for overall quality changes (pH, acidity, sugars, phenolics, betacyanins and betaxanthines, antioxidant capacity, colour, firmness, microbiological population and sensory attributes). In a preliminary study three different polymeric films were tested to select the most suitable to design a package with a short lag time to achieve steady-state conditions. RESULTS Results showed marked differences between measured in-package CO2 and O2 values and those calculated based on respiration of peeled fruit and film permeance to CO2 and O2 provided by manufactures. The sensory evaluation of packed fruit indicated in film BBT-Bolphane, which created a steady-state in-package partial pressure for CO2 of 4.3-4.8 kPa and for O2 of 4.8-5.5 kPa, as the best film. Results of in-package gas composition with the three cultivars were similar to those achieved in cv. 'Gialla' with the preliminary test. All measured qualitative parameters changed slightly over the storage period for all cultivars and followed the same trend, despite significant differences existing among cultivars. CONCLUSION This study clearly showed a similar physiological behavior of minimally processed 'Bianca', 'Gialla' and 'Rossa' cactus pears. Storage conditions optimal for one cultivar fit well for the others; thus mixing fruit of different cultivars in a package designed for one specific cultivar does not lead to relevant deviation from expected results. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Palma
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Continella
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano La Malfa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aquino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
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Poolsup N, Suksomboon N, Paw NJ. Effect of dragon fruit on glycemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184577. [PMID: 28886195 PMCID: PMC5590977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to systematically determine the effect of dragon fruit on glycemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Methods Electronic databases including MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus, ScienceDirect®, Proquest, Web of Science®, LILACS, NAPRALERT, SciFinder, Clinicalkey, Herbmed, NCCIH and Google Scholar were searched from their earliest inception up to March 2017 for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared dragon fruit with placebo or no treatment in prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. Clinicaltrials.gov, clinicaltrialresults.org, and ISRCTN registry were also searched. Personal contact with experts and historical search of related articles was undertaken. Outcome of interest were fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2 hours post-prandial glucose (2HPP). Study selection, data extraction and study quality assessment were performed independently by two investigators. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Treatment effect was estimated with mean difference (MD). Effect estimates were pooled using inverse-variance weighted method. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Q statistic and quantified with the I2 statistic. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used when the Q-statistic was significant at the level of 0.1, otherwise a fixed-effects model was used. Results Among 401 studies identified from literature search, 4 RCTs involving 36 prediabetes subjects and 109 type 2 diabetes patients were included in the analysis. In prediabetes, FPG reduction was significant with MD of -15.1 mg/dL (95% CI: -23.8 to -6.5 mg/dL, P-value = 0.0006). Meta-analysis in type 2 diabetes showed no effect of dragon fruit on FPG (MD -26.5 mg/dL, 95% CI: -72.6 mg/dL to 19.6 mg/dL) and in 2HPP (MD -30.5 mg/dL, 95% CI: -80.9 mg/dL to 19.9 mg/dL). Conclusion The available evidence in prediabetes is interesting. This will shed some light on diabetes prevention. The effect in T2DM was not significant. However, a trend towards greater blood glucose reduction with higher dose was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinee Poolsup
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon-Pathom, Thailand
| | - Naeti Suksomboon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Naw Juna Paw
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Al-Alwani MAM, Ludin NA, Mohamad AB, Kadhum AAH, Sopian K. Extraction, preparation and application of pigments from Cordyline fruticosa and Hylocereus polyrhizus as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 179:23-31. [PMID: 28213142 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Current study employs mixture of chlorophyll-anthocyanin dye extracted from leaves of Cordyline fruticosa as new sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSCs), as well as betalains dye obtained from fruit of Hylocereus polyrhizus. Among ten pigments solvents, the ethanol and methanol extracts revealed higher absorption spectra of pigments extracted from C. fruticosa and H. polyrhizus respectively. A major effect of temperature increase was studied to increase the extraction yield. The results indicated that extraction temperature between 70 and 80°C exhibited a high dye concentration of each plant than other temperatures. The optimal temperature was around 80°C and there was a sharp decrease of dye concentration at temperatures higher than this temperature. According to experimental results, the conversion efficiency of DSSC fabricated by mixture of chlorophyll and anthocyanin dyes from C. fruticosa leaves is 0.5% with short-circuit current (Isc) of 1.3mA/cm-2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.62V and fill factor (FF) of 60.16%. The higher photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSC prepared from the extract of H. polyrhizus was 0.16%, with Voc of 0.5V, Isc of 0.4mA/cm-2 and FF of 79.16%. The DSSC based betalain dye extracted from fruit of H. polyrhizus shows higher maximum IPCE of 44% than that of the DSSCs sensitized with mixed chlorophyll-anthocyanin dye from C. fruticosa (42%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A M Al-Alwani
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences/Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Norasikin A Ludin
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Mohamad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd Amir H Kadhum
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamaruzzaman Sopian
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Silva DO, Seifert M, Nora FR, Bobrowski VL, Freitag RA, Kucera HR, Nora L, Gaikwad NW. Acute Toxicity and Cytotoxicity of Pereskia aculeata, a Highly Nutritious Cactaceae Plant. J Med Food 2017; 20:403-409. [PMID: 28355092 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pereskia aculeata is a Cactaceae plant with valuable nutritional properties, including terrific amounts of protein, minerals, vitamins, and fiber. However, P. aculeata is reported to contain antinutrients and alkaloids in its leaves. In addition, in a study on growth and development, Wistar rats fed with P. aculeata and casein as protein source grew less than the control group (fed with casein only). Therefore, in this study, we evaluated, for the first time, the oral acute toxicity of P. aculeata in rats and also the cytotoxicity behavior of the plant on lettuce seeds. The acute toxicity research was carried out using dried P. aculeata ethanolic extract, in three different doses, administered by gavage to 24 female Wistar rats. The rats were then examined for signs of toxicity, food intake, body weight, and fecal excretion fluctuations, as well as histopathological alterations, using eight different body tissues. The acute toxicity study did not show any difference among the groups in either clinical evaluation or histopathological analyses. For the cytotoxicity study, dried P. aculeata ethanolic extract was applied on lettuce seeds in five different concentrations. These seeds were evaluated for germination, root and shoot length, and mitotic index. The results show that P. aculeata extract affects lettuce root and shoot growth, but not germination or mitotic index. In conclusion, the acute toxicity on rats and the cytogenotoxicity on lettuce of P. aculeata are neglectable, validating the potential of this plant to be used as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora O Silva
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Seifert
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana R Nora
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vera L Bobrowski
- 2 Department of Zoology and Genetics, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rogerio A Freitag
- 3 Science Center of Chemistry, Pharmacology and Food, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Heidi R Kucera
- 4 Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis , Davis, California, USA
| | - Leonardo Nora
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nilesh W Gaikwad
- 4 Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis , Davis, California, USA
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47
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Yong YY, Dykes G, Lee SM, Choo WS. Comparative Study of Betacyanin Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of Red Pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and Red Spinach (Amaranthus dubius). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2017; 72:41-47. [PMID: 27917454 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Betacyanins are reddish to violet pigments that can be found in red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and red spinach (Amaranthus dubius). This study investigated the impact of sub-fractionation (solvent partitioning) on betacyanin content in both plants. Characterization of betacyanins and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities were also carried out. Betanin was found in both plants. In addition, isobetanin, phyllocactin and hylocerenin were found in red pitahaya whereas amaranthine and decarboxy-amaranthine were found in red spinach. Sub-fractionated red pitahaya and red spinach had 23.5 and 121.5 % more betacyanin content, respectively, than those without sub-fractionation. Sub-fractionation increased the betanin and decarboxy-amaranthine content in red pitahaya and red spinach, respectively. The betacyanin fraction from red spinach (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] values: 0.78-3.13 mg/mL) demonstrated a better antimicrobial activity profile than that of red pitahaya (MIC values: 3.13-6.25 mg/mL) against nine Gram-positive bacterial strains. Similarly, the red spinach fraction (MIC values: 1.56-3.13 mg/mL) was more active than the red pitahaya fraction (MIC values: 3.13-6.25 mg/mL) against five Gram-negative bacterial strains. This could be because of a higher amount of betacyanin, particularly amaranthine in the red spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yi Yong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gary Dykes
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Moran-Ramos S, He X, Chin EL, Tovar AR, Torres N, Slupsky CM, Raybould HE. Nopal feeding reduces adiposity, intestinal inflammation and shifts the cecal microbiota and metabolism in high-fat fed rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171672. [PMID: 28196086 PMCID: PMC5308786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nopal is a cactus plant widely consumed in Mexico that has been used in traditional medicine to aid in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. We previously showed that chronic consumption of dehydrated nopal ameliorated hepatic steatosis in obese (fa/fa) rats; however, description of the effects on other tissues is sparse. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nopal cladode consumption on intestinal physiology, microbial community structure, adipose tissue, and serum biochemistry in diet-induced obese rats. Rats were fed either a normal fat (NF) diet or a HF diet containing 4% of dietary fiber from either nopal or cellulose for 6 weeks. Consumption of nopal counteracted HF-induced adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy, and induced profound changes in intestinal physiology. Nopal consumption reduced biomarkers of intestinal inflammation (mRNA expression of IL-6) and oxidative stress (ROS), modfied gut microbiota composition, increasing microbial diversity and cecal fermentation (SCFA), and altered the serum metabolome. Interestingly, metabolomic analysis of dehydrated nopal revealed a high choline content, which appeared to generate high levels of serum betaine, that correlated negatively with hepatic triglyceride (TAG) levels. A parallel decrease in some of the taxa associated with the production of trimethylamine, suggest an increase in choline absorption and bioavailability with transformation to betaine. The latter may partially explain the previously observed effect of nopal on the development of hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence on the effects of nopal consumption on normal and HF-diet induced changes in the intestine, the liver and systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Moran-Ramos
- Departamento de Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico D.F
- Conacyt, Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico D.F
| | - Xuan He
- Department of Food Science and Technology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth L. Chin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico D.F
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico D.F
| | - Carolyn M. Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Helen E. Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rodriguez EB, Vidallon MLP, Mendoza DJR, Reyes CT. Health-promoting bioactivities of betalains from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton and Rose) peels as affected by carbohydrate encapsulation. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:4679-4689. [PMID: 26916683 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betalains, which are red-purple and yellow pigments, are ideal alternatives to synthetic colorants as they possess strong coloring potential and excellent health-contributing properties. However, the instability of betalains toward normal storage and biological conditions, in addition to the limited number of betalain sources, impedes their food application and diminishes their bioactivities. This study aimed to evaluate the health-promoting bioactivities of betalains from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton and Rose) peels as affected by encapsulation in maltodextrin-gum Arabic and maltodextrin-pectin matrices. RESULTS Encapsulation in maltodextrin-gum Arabic and maltodextrin-pectin matrices afforded dry betalain powders after lyophilization. Optical microscopy imaging showed that the betalain powders consisted of matrix-type and shard-like microparticles. ABTS antioxidant assay revealed that maltodextrin-gum Arabic-betalain (MGB) and maltodextrin-pectin-betalain (MPB) microparticles possessed higher antioxidant capacities (195.39 ± 8.63 and 201.76 ± 4.06 µmol Trolox g-1 microparticles respectively) than the non-encapsulated betalain extract (151.07 ± 2.57 µmol Trolox g-1 extract). Duck embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) vascular irritation assay showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of encapsulated betalains was five- to six-fold higher than that of non-encapsulated betalains (P ≤ 0.05). Antiangiogenic activity, as evaluated by duck embryo CAM assay, was enhanced two- to four-fold by carbohydrate encapsulation. Glutathione S-transferase (GST)-inducing activity of betalains was likewise improved four- to five-fold. CONCLUSION The study showed that the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic and GST-inducing activities of betalains from red dragon fruit peels were enhanced through carbohydrate encapsulation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn B Rodriguez
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines.
| | - Mark Louis P Vidallon
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - David Joram R Mendoza
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Charisse T Reyes
- Faculty of Education, University of the Philippines Open University, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
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Malik FT, Clement RM, Gethin DT, Kiernan M, Goral T, Griffiths P, Beynon D, Parker AR. Hierarchical structures of cactus spines that aid in the directional movement of dew droplets. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:20160110. [PMID: 27354735 PMCID: PMC4928504 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three species of cactus whose spines act as dew harvesters were chosen for this study: Copiapoa cinerea var. haseltoniana, Mammillaria columbiana subsp. yucatanensis and Parodia mammulosa and compared with Ferocactus wislizenii whose spines do not perform as dew harvesters. Time-lapse snapshots of C. cinerea showed movement of dew droplets from spine tips to their base, even against gravity. Spines emanating from one of the areoles of C. cinerea were submerged in water laced with fluorescent nanoparticles and this particular areole with its spines and a small area of stem was removed and imaged. These images clearly showed that fluorescent water had moved into the stem of the plant. Lines of vascular bundles radiating inwards from the surface areoles (from where the spines emanate) to the core of the stem were detected using magnetic resonance imaging, with the exception of F. wislizenii that does not harvest dew on its spines. Spine microstructures were examined using SEM images and surface roughness measurements (Ra and Rz) taken of the spines of C. cinerea It was found that a roughness gradient created by tapered microgrooves existed that could potentially direct surface water from a spine tip to its base.This article is part of the themed issue 'Bioinspired hierarchically structured surfaces for green science'.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Malik
- The Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R M Clement
- The Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - D T Gethin
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M Kiernan
- Cyden, Technium Two, Kings Road, Swansea SA1 8PJ, UK
| | - T Goral
- Imaging and Analysis Centre, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD,, UK
| | - P Griffiths
- The Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - D Beynon
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A R Parker
- Green Templeton College, Oxford University, 43 Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK
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