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Sachin KS, Dass A, Dhar S, Rajanna GA, Singh T, Sudhishri S, Sannagoudar MS, Choudhary AK, Kushwaha HL, Praveen BR, Prasad S, Sharma VK, Pooniya V, Krishnan P, Khanna M, Singh R, Varatharajan T, Kumari K, Nithinkumar K, San AA, Devi AD. Corrigendum: Sensor-based precision nutrient and irrigation management enhances the physiological performance, water productivity, and yield of soybean under system of crop intensification. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1389386. [PMID: 38693927 PMCID: PMC11062180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1389386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282217.].
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Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Sachin
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anchal Dass
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiva Dhar
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - G. A. Rajanna
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Regional Station, Ananatpur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Teekam Singh
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - B. R. Praveen
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Shiv Prasad
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vijay Pooniya
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Manoj Khanna
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Singh
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - T. Varatharajan
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Kumari
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | | | - Aye-Aye San
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Agricultural Research, Regional Research Centre, Aung Ban, Myanmar
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Wang J, Zhai B, Shi D, Chen A, Liu C. How Does Bio-Organic Fertilizer Combined with Biochar Affect Chinese Small Cabbage's Growth and Quality on Newly Reclaimed Land? Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:598. [PMID: 38475446 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The cultivated land area in China is approaching the red line for farmland protection. Newly reclaimed land possesses a large exploratory potential to become a reserved land resource. Identifying a fertilization strategy is vital for improving the poor properties and weak fertility of newly reclaimed land. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of traditional compound fertilizer (Fc) or bio-organic fertilizer (Ft), alone or in combination with biochar addition (6.85 t·ha-1 and 13.7 t·ha-1) on the growth, photosynthesis, yield and quality of Chinese small cabbage (CSC) plant. The results showed that compared to single compound fertilizer application, bio-organic fertilizer application promoted the plant's growth, indicated by the plant height, stem diameter and leaf area index (LAI), and significantly enhanced the yield and dry matter accumulation of CSC. In terms of the combination with biochar, the promoting effects were positively related to the biochar addition rate in the compound fertilizer group, while it was better to apply bio-organic fertilizer alone or in combination with biochar at a low rate of 6.85 t·ha-1. The highest yield was obtained under B2Fc and B1Ft with 29.41 and 37.93 t·ha-1, respectively, and the yield under B1Ft was significantly higher than that under B2Fc. The water productivity (WP) significantly improved in response to both kinds of fertilizer combined with biochar at 6.85 t·ha-1. There was a significant difference between the photosynthetic characteristics of plants treated with single-compound fertilizer and those treated with bio-organic fertilizer. The photosynthetic characteristics increased under compound fertilizer combined with biochar, while they regressed under bio-organic fertilizer combined with biochar. The quality of CSC, especially that of soluble sugars and total phenolics, improved under single bio-organic fertilizer application compared with that under single-compound fertilizer. The nitrite content of the plants increased with increasing biochar addition rate in both fertilizer groups. In conclusion, there is a significant promoting effect of applying bio-organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer alone or combining compound fertilizer with low-rate biochar addition on newly reclaimed land. It is a recommended fertilization strategy to substitute or partially substitute chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer combined with biochar in newly reclaimed land, and it is of great significance to achieve fertilizer reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Biyu Zhai
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Danyi Shi
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Anquan Chen
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chuncheng Liu
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of CAAS, Xinxiang 453002, China
- China Shangqiu Station of National Field Agro-Ecosystem Experimental Network/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Shangqiu 476000, China
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Ma H, Jiang P, Zhang X, Ma W, Cai Z, Sun Q. Effects of nitrogen fertilization combined with subsurface irrigation on alfalfa yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency, quality, and economic benefits. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1339417. [PMID: 38348268 PMCID: PMC10859442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1339417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Proper water and fertilizer management strategies are essential for alfalfa cultivation in arid areas. However, at present, the optimal amounts of subsurface irrigation and nitrogen (N) supply for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivation are still unclear. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in 2022 in Yinchuan, Ningxia, China, to explore the effects of different subsurface irrigation levels (W1, 50% of ETC (crop evapotranspiration); W2, 75% of ETC; W3, 100% of ETC) and N application rates (N0, 0 kg/ha; N1, 75 kg/ha; N2, 150 kg/ha; N3, 225 kg/ha; N4, 300 kg/ha) on alfalfa yield, crop water productivity (CWP), N use efficiency (NUE), quality, and economic benefits. Besides, the least squares method and multiple regression analysis were used to explore the optimal water and N combination for alfalfa cultivation under subsurface irrigation. The results showed that the alfalfa yield, crude ash content, and partial factor productivity from applied N (PFPN) were the highest under W2 level, but there was no difference in PFPN compared with that under W3 level. The branch number (BN), leaf area index (LAI), yield, CWP, irrigation water productivity (IWP), crude protein content (CPC), and economic benefits increased and then decreased with the increase of N application rate, reaching a maximum at the N2 or N3 level, while the NUE and PFPN decreased with the increase of N application rate. Considering the yield, CWP, NUE, quality, and economic benefits, W2N2 treatment was the optimal for alfalfa cultivation under subsurface irrigation. Besides, when the irrigation volume and N application rate were 69.8 ~ 88.7% of ETC and 145 ~ 190 kg/ha, respectively (confidence interval: 85%), the yield, CPC, and economic benefits reached more than 85% of the maximum. This study will provide technique reference for the water and N management in alfalfa cultivation in Northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Ma
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenli Ma
- Ningxia Reclamation, Agricultural, Forestry, and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion and Service Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhanhong Cai
- Ningxia Reclamation, Agricultural, Forestry, and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion and Service Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Quan Sun
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Zaïm M, Sanchez-Garcia M, Belkadi B, Filali-Maltouf A, Al Abdallat A, Kehel Z, Bassi FM. Genomic regions of durum wheat involved in water productivity. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:316-333. [PMID: 37702385 PMCID: PMC10735558 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat is a staple food in the Mediterranean Basin, mostly cultivated under rainfed conditions. As such, the crop is often exposed to moisture stress. Therefore, the identification of genetic factors controlling the capacity of genotypes to convert moisture into grain yield (i.e., water productivity) is quintessential to stabilize production despite climatic variations. A global panel of 384 accessions was tested across 18 Mediterranean environments (in Morocco, Lebanon, and Jordan) representing a vast range of moisture levels. The accessions were assigned to water responsiveness classes, with genotypes 'Responsive to Low Moisture' reaching an average +1.5 kg ha-1 mm-1 yield advantage. Genome wide association studies revealed that six loci explained most of this variation. A second validation panel tested under moisture stress confirmed that carrying the positive allele at three loci on chromosomes 1B, 2A, and 7B generated an average water productivity gain of +2.2 kg ha-1 mm-1. These three loci were tagged by kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers, and these were used to screen a third independent validation panel composed of elites tested across moisture stressed sites. The three KASP combined predicted up to 10% of the variation for grain yield at 60% accuracy. These loci are now ready for molecular pyramiding and transfer across cultivars to improve the moisture conversion of durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Zaïm
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Morocco
- ICARDA, Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management, P.O. Box 6299, Rabat Institutes, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Miguel Sanchez-Garcia
- ICARDA, Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management, P.O. Box 6299, Rabat Institutes, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Belkadi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ayed Al Abdallat
- Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Zakaria Kehel
- ICARDA, Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management, P.O. Box 6299, Rabat Institutes, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Filippo M Bassi
- ICARDA, Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management, P.O. Box 6299, Rabat Institutes, Rabat, Morocco
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Sachin KS, Dass A, Dhar S, Rajanna GA, Singh T, Sudhishri S, Sannagoudar MS, Choudhary AK, Kushwaha HL, Praveen BR, Prasad S, Sharma VK, Pooniya V, Krishnan P, Khanna M, Singh R, Varatharajan T, Kumari K, Nithinkumar K, San AA, Devi AD. Sensor-based precision nutrient and irrigation management enhances the physiological performance, water productivity, and yield of soybean under system of crop intensification. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1282217. [PMID: 38192691 PMCID: PMC10773766 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Sensor-based decision tools provide a quick assessment of nutritional and physiological health status of crop, thereby enhancing the crop productivity. Therefore, a 2-year field study was undertaken with precision nutrient and irrigation management under system of crop intensification (SCI) to understand the applicability of sensor-based decision tools in improving the physiological performance, water productivity, and seed yield of soybean crop. The experiment consisted of three irrigation regimes [I1: standard flood irrigation at 50% depletion of available soil moisture (DASM) (FI), I2: sprinkler irrigation at 80% ETC (crop evapo-transpiration) (Spr 80% ETC), and I3: sprinkler irrigation at 60% ETC (Spr 60% ETC)] assigned in main plots, with five precision nutrient management (PNM) practices{PNM1-[SCI protocol], PNM2-[RDF, recommended dose of fertilizer: basal dose incorporated (50% N, full dose of P and K)], PNM3-[RDF: basal dose point placement (BDP) (50% N, full dose of P and K)], PNM4-[75% RDF: BDP (50% N, full dose of P and K)] and PNM5-[50% RDF: BDP (50% N, full P and K)]} assigned in sub-plots using a split-plot design with three replications. The remaining 50% N was top-dressed through SPAD assistance for all the PNM practices. Results showed that the adoption of Spr 80% ETC resulted in an increment of 25.6%, 17.6%, 35.4%, and 17.5% in net-photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), respectively, over FI. Among PNM plots, adoption of PNM3 resulted in a significant (p=0.05) improvement in photosynthetic characters like Pn (15.69 µ mol CO2 m-2 s-1), Tr (7.03 m mol H2O m-2 s-1), Gs (0.175 µmol CO2 mol-1 year-1), and Ci (271.7 mol H2O m2 s-1). Enhancement in SPAD (27% and 30%) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (42% and 52%) values were observed with nitrogen (N) top dressing through SPAD-guided nutrient management, helped enhance crop growth indices, coupled with better dry matter partitioning and interception of sunlight. Canopy temperature depression (CTD) in soybean reduced by 3.09-4.66°C due to adoption of sprinkler irrigation. Likewise, Spr 60% ETc recorded highest irrigation water productivity (1.08 kg ha-1 m-3). However, economic water productivity (27.5 INR ha-1 m-3) and water-use efficiency (7.6 kg ha-1 mm-1 day-1) of soybean got enhanced under Spr 80% ETc over conventional cultivation. Multiple correlation and PCA showed a positive correlation between physiological, growth, and yield parameters of soybean. Concurrently, the adoption of Spr 80% ETC with PNM3 recorded significantly higher grain yield (2.63 t ha-1) and biological yield (8.37 t ha-1) over other combinations. Thus, the performance of SCI protocols under sprinkler irrigation was found to be superior over conventional practices. Hence, integrating SCI with sensor-based precision nutrient and irrigation management could be a viable option for enhancing the crop productivity and enhance the resource-use efficiency in soybean under similar agro-ecological regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Sachin
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anchal Dass
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiva Dhar
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - G. A. Rajanna
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Regional Station, Ananatpur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Teekam Singh
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - B. R. Praveen
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Shiv Prasad
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vijay Pooniya
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Manoj Khanna
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Singh
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - T. Varatharajan
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Kumari
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | | | - Aye-Aye San
- ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Agricultural Research, Regional Research Centre, Aung Ban, Myanmar
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Gómez-Candón D, Bellvert J, Pelechá A, Lopes MS. A Remote Sensing Approach for Assessing Daily Cumulative Evapotranspiration Integral in Wheat Genotype Screening for Drought Adaptation. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3871. [PMID: 38005768 PMCID: PMC10675030 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This study considers critical aspects of water management and crop productivity in wheat cultivation, specifically examining the daily cumulative actual evapotranspiration (ETa). Traditionally, ETa surface energy balance models have provided estimates at discrete time points, lacking a holistic integrated approach. Field trials were conducted with 22 distinct wheat varieties, grown under both irrigated and rainfed conditions over a two-year span. Leaf area index prediction was enhanced through a robust multiple regression model, incorporating data acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle using an RGB sensor, and resulting in a predictive model with an R2 value of 0.85. For estimation of the daily cumulative ETa integral, an integrated approach involving remote sensing and energy balance models was adopted. An examination of the relationships between crop yield and evapotranspiration (ETa), while considering factors like year, irrigation methods, and wheat cultivars, unveiled a pronounced positive asymptotic pattern. This suggests the presence of a threshold beyond which additional water application does not significantly enhance crop yield. However, a genetic analysis of the 22 wheat varieties showed no correlation between ETa and yield. This implies opportunities for selecting resource-efficient wheat varieties while minimizing water use. Significantly, substantial disparities in water productivity among the tested wheat varieties indicate the possibility of intentionally choosing lines that can optimize grain production while minimizing water usage within breeding programs. The results of this research lay the foundation for the development of resource-efficient agricultural practices and the cultivation of crop varieties finely attuned to water-scarce regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez-Candón
- Efficient Use of Water in Agriculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Fruitcentre, Parc AgroBiotech, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (J.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Joaquim Bellvert
- Efficient Use of Water in Agriculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Fruitcentre, Parc AgroBiotech, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (J.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Ana Pelechá
- Efficient Use of Water in Agriculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Fruitcentre, Parc AgroBiotech, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (J.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Marta S. Lopes
- Field Crops Program, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), 251981 Lleida, Spain;
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Wang J, Shi D, Huang C, Zhai B, Feng S. Effects of Common Biochar and Acid-Modified Biochar on Growth and Quality of Spinach in Coastal Saline Soils. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3232. [PMID: 37765395 PMCID: PMC10535491 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The rational development and efficient utilization of saline soils can alleviate the problem of insufficient arable land faced by agricultural production in China. A prominent problem is improving soil salt and water conditions for promoting land resources' productivity in coastal areas. Biochar is widely used for soil improvement, as it has remarkable properties. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two kinds of biochar (common biochar and acid-modified biochar) with three addition rates (2%, 4%, and 8%) on the growth, yield, photosynthetic characteristics, and quality of spinach. The results revealed that 2% and 4% common biochar increased the plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area index, effectively improving the yield of spinach and water productivity, while 8% common biochar was detrimental to the growth of spinach to some extent. Acid-modified biochar significantly benefited the growth and increased the water productivity of spinach, ensuring high yields, while also improved quality. Similarly, acid-modified biochar was less effective at high additions than at low-to-medium additions. The integrated biological response version 2 (IBRV2) values under acid-modified biochar treatments were all significantly higher than those under common biochar, but there is no significant difference among three treatments in the same biochar group, which suggested a pronounced amelioration in spinach growth within saline-alkali soil upon the incorporation of acid-modified biochar. Overall, applying acid-modified biochar at the rate of 4% exhibited enormous potential for increasing the yield and quality of spinach in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.S.); (B.Z.)
| | | | | | | | - Shaoyuan Feng
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.S.); (B.Z.)
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Tesfuhuney W, Ravuluma M, Dzvene AR, Bello Z, Andries F, Walker S, Cammarano D. In-Field Rainwater Harvesting Tillage in Semi-Arid Ecosystems: II Maize-Bean Intercrop Water and Radiation Use Efficiency. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2919. [PMID: 37631131 PMCID: PMC10459890 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate alternative management practices such as in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) and intercropping techniques through conducting on-farm demonstrations. Seven homestead gardens in Thaba Nchu rural communities in the central part of South Africa were selected as demonstration trials. Two tillage systems, conventional (CON) and IRWH, as the main plot, and three cropping systems as sub-plot (sole maize and beans and intercropping) were used to measure water use and radiation use parameters. The water productivity (WP) of various treatments was positively related to the radiation use efficiency (RUE), and the degree of associations varied for different tillage systems. The water use in IRWH was higher by 15.1%, 8.3%, and 10.1% over the CON for sole maize and beans and intercropping, respectively. Similarly, the intercropping system showed water use advantages over the solely growing crops by 5% and 8% for maize and by 16% and 12% for beans under IRWH and CON tillage, respectively. Maximum RUE was found for sole maize and beans under IRWH, higher by 13% and 55% compared to the CON tillage, respectively. The RUE under IRWH tillage was estimated to be 0.65 and 0.39 g DM MJ-1 in sole maize and intercropping, respectively. However, in sole and intercropped beans, the RUE showed higher values of 1.02 g DM MJ-1 and 0.73 g DM MJ-1, respectively. WP and RUE were associated with water deficits and proportional to lower radiation use. This relationship indicates that the intercepted radiation by plants for photosynthesis is directly related to the transpiration rate until radiation saturation occurs. Therefore, the higher water deficit and lesser efficiency in using the radiation available during the season can be improved by practicing IRWH techniques. Furthermore, in semi-arid areas, to enhance the efficiency of water and radiation usage in intercropping management, it is crucial to adjust plant population and sowing dates based on water availability and the onset of rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weldemichael Tesfuhuney
- Department of Soil, Crop, and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Muthianzhele Ravuluma
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Soil, Climate, Water (SWC), Pretoria 0083, South Africa
| | - Admire Rukudzo Dzvene
- Department of Soil, Crop, and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Risk and Vulnerability Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alica 5700, South Africa
| | - Zaid Bello
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Grains Crops, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Fourie Andries
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD), Glen, Bloemfontein 9360, South Africa
| | - Sue Walker
- Department of Soil, Crop, and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Soil, Climate, Water (SWC), Pretoria 0083, South Africa
| | - Davide Cammarano
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
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Wang L, Ning S, Zheng W, Guo J, Li Y, Li Y, Chen X, Ben-Gal A, Wei X. Performance analysis of two typical greenhouse lettuce production systems: commercial hydroponic production and traditional soil cultivation. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1165856. [PMID: 37469780 PMCID: PMC10353484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1165856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Due to the shortage of land and water resource, optimization of systems for production in commercial greenhouses is essential for sustainable vegetable supply. The performance of lettuce productivity and the economic benefit in greenhouses using a soil-based system (SBS) and a hydroponic production system (HPS) were compared in this study. Methods Experiments were conducted in two identical greenhouses over two growth cycles (G1 and G2). Three treatments of irrigation volumes (S1, S2, and S3) were evaluated for SBS while three treatments of nutrient solution concentration (H1, H2, and H3) were evaluated for HPS; the optimal levels from each system were then compared. Results and discussion HPS was more sensitive to the effects of environmental temperature than SBS because of higher soil buffer capacity. Compared with SBS, higher yield (more than 134%) and higher water productivity (more than 50%) were observed in HPS. We detected significant increases in ascorbic acid by 28.31% and 16.67% and in soluble sugar by 57.84% and 32.23% during G1 and G2, respectively, compared with SBS. However, nitrate accumulated in HPS-grown lettuce. When the nutrient solution was replaced with fresh water 3 days before harvest, the excess nitrate content of harvested lettuce in HPS was removed. The initial investment and total operating cost in HPS were 21.76 times and 47.09% higher than those in SBS, respectively. Consideration of agronomic, quality, and economic indicators showed an overall optimal performance of the H2 treatment. These findings indicated that, in spite of its higher initial investment and requirement of advanced technology and management, HPS was more profitable than SBS for commercial lettuce production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Wang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songrui Ning
- Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Wengang Zheng
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Guo
- College of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Youli Li
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinkun Li
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alon Ben-Gal
- Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Institute, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post, Negev, Israel
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xu H, Liu M, Tang Y, Zhao F, Cao W, He M, Peng D, Dai X. Optimized management strategy increased grain yield, promoted nitrogen balance, and improved water productivity in winter wheat. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1182568. [PMID: 37324712 PMCID: PMC10267738 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1182568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing costs of agricultural production and environmental concerns reinforce the need to reduce resource inputs. Improvements in nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) and water productivity (WP) are critical for sustainable agriculture. We aimed to optimize management strategy to increase wheat grain yield, promote N balance, and improve NUE and WP. A 3-year experiment was conducted with four integrated treatments: conventional practice treatment (CP); improvement of conventional practice treatment (ICP); high-yield management treatment (HY), which aimed for maximizing grain yield regardless of resource inputs cost; and integrated soil and crop system management treatment (ISM), which aimed for testing an optimal combination of sowing date, seeding rate, and fertilization and irrigation management. The average grain yield for ISM was 95.86% of that for HY and was 5.99% and 21.72% higher than that for ICP and CP, respectively. ISM promoted N balance as relatively higher aboveground N uptake, lower inorganic N residue, and lowest inorganic N loss. The average NUE for ISM was 4.15% lower than that for ICP and was remarkably higher than that for HY and CP by 26.36% and 52.37%, respectively. The increased soil water consumption under ISM was mainly due to its increased root length density. Along with a high level of grain yield, ISM obtained a relatively adequate water supply due to the effective use of soil water storage, thereby increasing the average WP by 3.63%-38.10% in comparison with other integrated management treatments. These results demonstrated that optimized management strategy (appropriately delaying sowing date, increasing seeding rate, and optimizing fertilization and irrigation management) used under ISM could promote N balance and improve WP while increasing grain yield and NUE in winter wheat. Therefore, ISM can be considered a recommendable management strategy in the target region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicheng Xu
- Shandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Shandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, China
| | - Yuhai Tang
- Shandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Shandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, China
| | - Wenchao Cao
- Shandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, China
| | - Mingrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Dianliang Peng
- Shandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, China
| | - Xinglong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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Zeyliger AM, Ermolaeva OS, Pchelkin VV. Assessment of Irrigation Efficiency by Coupling Remote Sensing and Ground-Based Data: Case Study of Sprinkler Irrigation of Alfalfa in the Saratovskoye Zavolgie Region of Russia. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2601. [PMID: 36904805 PMCID: PMC10007418 DOI: 10.3390/s23052601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the leading role of data from sensors to monitor crop irrigation practices is indisputable. The combination of ground and space monitoring data and agrohydrological modeling made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of crop irrigation. This paper presents some additions to recently published results of field study at the territory of the Privolzhskaya irrigation system located on the left bank of the Volga in the Russian Federation, during the growing season of 2012. Data were obtained for 19 crops of irrigated alfalfa during the second year of their growing period. Irrigation water applications to these crops was carried out by the center pivot sprinklers. The actual crop evapotranspiration and its components being derived with the SEBAL model from MODIS satellite images data. As a result, a time series of daily values of evapotranspiration and transpiration were obtained for the area occupied by each of these crops. To assess the effectiveness of irrigation of alfalfa crops, six indicators were used based on the use of data on yield, irrigation depth, actual evapotranspiration, transpiration and basal evaporation deficit. The series of indicators estimating irrigation effectiveness were analyzed and ranked. The obtained rank values were used to analyze the similarity and non-similarity of indicators of irrigation effectiveness of alfalfa crops. As a result of this analysis, the opportunity to assess irrigation effectiveness with the help of data from ground and space-based sensors was proved.
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12
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Si Z, Qin A, Liang Y, Duan A, Gao Y. A Review on Regulation of Irrigation Management on Wheat Physiology, Grain Yield, and Quality. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:692. [PMID: 36840039 PMCID: PMC9958822 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation has been pivotal in sustaining wheat as a major food crop in the world and is increasingly important as an adaptation response to climate change. In the context of agricultural production responding to climate change, improved irrigation management plays a significant role in increasing water productivity (WP) and maintaining the sustainable development of water resources. Considering that wheat is a major crop cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions, which consumes high amounts of irrigation water, developing wheat irrigation management with high efficiency is urgently required. Both irrigation scheduling and irrigation methods intricately influence wheat physiology, affect plant growth and development, and regulate grain yield and quality. In this frame, this review aims to provide a critical analysis of the regulation mechanism of irrigation management on wheat physiology, plant growth and yield formation, and grain quality. Considering the key traits involved in wheat water uptake and utilization efficiency, we suggest a series of future perspectives that could enhance the irrigation efficiency of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
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13
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Harisha CB, Narayanpur VB, Rane J, Ganiger VM, M. Prasanna S, Vishwanath YC, G. Reddi S, Halli HM, Boraiah KM, Basavaraj PS, Mahmoud EA, Casini R, Elansary HO. Promising Bioregulators for Higher Water Productivity and Oil Quality of Chia under Deficit Irrigation in Semiarid Regions. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:662. [PMID: 36771746 PMCID: PMC9921998 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate water management practices are essential for the successful cultivation of chia in water-scarce situations of semiarid regions. This is highly essential when new crops such as chia are introduced for ensuring diversity and water saving. Therefore, field trials (2020-21 and 2021-22) were conducted to understand the impact of deficit irrigation and bioregulators (BRs) on the seed yield, water productivity, and oil quality of chia. The effect of foliar application of BRs such as thiourea (TU; 400 ppm), salicylic acid (SA; 1.0 mM), potassium nitrate (KN; 0.15%), potassium silicate (KS; 100 ppm), kaolin (KO; 5%), and sodium benzoate (SB; 200 ppm) were monitored at different levels of irrigation: 100 (I100), 75 (I75), 50 (I50), and 25 (I25) percent of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE). Deficit irrigation at I25, I50, and I75 led to 55.3, 20.1, and 3.3% reductions in seed yield; 42.5, 22.5, and 4.2% in oil yield; and 58.9, 24.5, and 5.7% in omega-3 yield, respectively, relative to I100. Bioregulators could reduce the adverse impact of water deficit stress on seed, oil, and omega-3 yield. However, their beneficial effect was more conspicuous under mild water stress (I75), as revealed by higher seed yield (4.3-6.9%), oil yield (4.4-7.1%), and omega-3 yield (4.7-8.5%) over control (I100 + no BRs). Further, BRs (KN, TU, and SA) maintained oil quality in terms of linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents, even under mild stress (I75). Foliar application of KN, TU, and SA could save water to an extent of 36-40%. Therefore, the adverse impact of deficit irrigation on seed, oil, and omega-3 yields of chia could be minimized using BRs such as KN, TU, and SA, which can also contribute to improved water productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chowdasandra Byregowda Harisha
- ICAR–National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune 413115, Maharashtra, India
- College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijaykumar B. Narayanpur
- College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, Karnataka, India
| | - Jagadish Rane
- ICAR–National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune 413115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasant M. Ganiger
- College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sugooru M. Prasanna
- College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sanjeevraddi G. Reddi
- College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, Karnataka, India
| | - Hanamant M. Halli
- ICAR–National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune 413115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Karnar Manjanna Boraiah
- ICAR–National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune 413115, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
| | - Ryan Casini
- School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Y, Wang F, Du Z, Dou M, Liang Z, Gao Y, Li P. Spatio-Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Driving Factors of Main Grain Crop Water Productivity in the Yellow River Basin. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:580. [PMID: 36771663 PMCID: PMC9919263 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the relationship between agricultural water resource consumption and grain production in the Yellow River Basin, the irrigation water productivity (WPI), crop water productivity (WPC), total inflow water productivity (WPT), and eleven influencing factors were selected. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and driving factors of water productivity of the main crops in the Yellow River Basin were analyzed with the spatial autocorrelation analysis, grey correlation analysis, sensitivity analysis, and relative contribution rate. The results showed that the minimum mean values of WPI, WPC, and WPT were 0.22, 0.35, and 0.18 kg/m3 in Qinghai, respectively, the maximum mean value of WPI was 2.11 kg/m3 in Henan, and the maximum mean values of WPC and WPT were 0.71 and 0.61 kg/m3 in Shandong, respectively. The changing trends in WPI and WPT in Qinghai and in WPC in Shandong were insignificant, whereas the WPI, WPC, and WPT in other provinces showed a significant increasing trend. Water productivity displayed a certain spatial clustering feature in the Yellow River Basin in different years, such as a high-high (H-H) aggregation in Henan in 2005, and an H-H aggregation in Shanxi in 2015 for WPI. The water productivity had a significant positive correlation with the consumption of chemical fertilizer with a 100% effective component (CFCEC), effective irrigated area (EIA), plastic film used for agriculture (PFUA), and total power of agricultural machinery (AMTP), while it had a significant negative correlation with the persons engaged in rural areas (PERA). There was a large grey correlation degree between the water productivity and the average annual precipitation (AAP), CFCEC, PFUA, consumption of chemical pesticides (CFC), and AMTP in the Yellow River Basin, but their sensitivity was relatively small. The main driving factors were EIA (8.98%), agricultural water (AW, 15.55%), AMTP (12.64%), CFCEC (12.06%), and CPC (9.77%) for WPI; AMTP (16.46%), CFCEC (13.25%), average annual evaporation (AAE, 12.94%), EIA (10.49%), and PERA (10.19%) for WPC; and EIA (14.26%), AMTP (13.38%), AAP (12.30%), CFCEC (10.49%), and PFUA (9.69%) for WPT in the Yellow River Basin. The results can provide support for improving the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources, optimizing the allocation of water resources, and implementing high-quality agricultural developments in the Yellow River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Feiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenjie Du
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Water Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Ming Dou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhijie Liang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Water Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Ping Li
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Water Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, China
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Morales C, Riveros-Burgos C, Espinoza Seguel F, Maldonado C, Mashilo J, Pinto C, Contreras-Soto RI. Rootstocks Comparison in Grafted Watermelon under Water Deficit: Effects on the Fruit Quality and Yield. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:509. [PMID: 36771594 PMCID: PMC9920548 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is widely recognized as one of the most significant agricultural constraints worldwide. A strategy to avoid the adverse effects of drought on crops is to cultivate high-yielding varieties by grafting them onto drought-tolerant rootstocks with a differentiated root system. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate fruit yield and quality, root system architecture, and water productivity of watermelon grafted onto Lagenaria siceraria rootstocks. To do so, a commercial watermelon cultivar "Santa Amelia" [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)] was grafted onto five L. siceraria rootstocks: 'Illapel', 'Osorno', 'BG-48', 'GC', and 'Philippines', which were grown under three irrigation treatments (100%, 75%, and 50% of evapotranspiration). The comparison of the L. siceraria rootstocks in the irrigation treatments demonstrated no significant effect on watermelon fruit quality parameters. The rootstocks 'Illapel', 'Osorno', and 'GC' significantly improved the fruit number and yield (total fruit weight) under water deficit. Similarly, 'Illapel', 'Osorno', and 'GC' consistently showed statistical differences for root system architecture traits compared to 'BG-48' and 'Philippines'. Based on these results, we concluded that the used L. siceraria rootstocks did not affect the fruit yield and quality of grafted watermelon under water deficit. This study may help adjust the amount of applied water for watermelon production where L. siceraria rootstocks are utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Morales
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
| | - Camilo Riveros-Burgos
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
| | - Felipe Espinoza Seguel
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
| | - Carlos Maldonado
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Jacob Mashilo
- Agriculture Regulatory and Technology Development Directorate, Towoomba Research Centre, Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Private Bag X1615, Bela-Bela 0480, South Africa
| | - Catalina Pinto
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
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16
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Wang X, Zhang X, Liu L, Liu X, Feng G, Wang J, Yin YA, Wei C. Post-anthesis supplementary irrigation improves grain yield and nutritional quality of drip-irrigated rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1126278. [PMID: 37089634 PMCID: PMC10113464 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1126278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Approximately 50% of irrigation water is saved during drip-irrigation of rice, which has tremendous potential for water-saving agriculture, particularly in areas where water resources are scarce. However, the grain yield and quality of drip-irrigated rice are adversely affected. Methods In this study, we investigated the effects of different irrigation strategies on the grain yield and quality of drip-irrigated rice using field experiments. Four irrigation treatments were studied: whole growing season flooding (FI), whole growing season normal drip irrigation (DI, soil relative moisture (RSM) was maintained in the range of 90-100%), pre-anthesis drip irrigation and post-anthesis water stress (SAF, the RSM was maintained in the range of 80-90% after anthesis), pre-anthesis drip irrigation, and post-anthesis flooding (FAF). Results The results showed that grain yield, harvest index, seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight in DI and SAF were significantly lower than in FI and FAF. These parameters were not significantly different between FI and FAF but were significantly greater in DI than in SAF. Compared with FI and FAF, the source capacity, source activity time, and sink activity of DI and SAF decreased, and the sink-source difference increased. The sink-source difference had a significant negative correlation with rice yield and 1000 grain weight. The activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch branching enzyme, and amylopectin content in grains in the middle panicles of FAF were significantly higher than those of DI and SAF. SAF resulted in increased amylose/amylopectin ratio and total protein content in grains but decreased proportion of glutenin in total protein. Irrigation after anthesis of drip-irrigated rice narrowed the difference between sink sources in rice plants, increased the grain yield and harvest index by 29.2% and 11%, respectively, compared to DI, increased water productivity by 19% compared to FI, and improved the grain quality of drip-irrigated rice. Discussion This study highlights that post-anthesis sufficient irrigation of drip-irrigated rice plays a positive role in maintaining the source-sink balance. This study serves as a foundation for the development of more effective rice farming methods that conserve water, while increasing the grain yield and quality of drip-irrigated rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinjiang Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Linghui Liu
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaowu Liu
- Technical Center of Xinjiang Tianye (Group) Co., Ltd., Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guorui Feng
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong-an Yin
- Technical Center of Xinjiang Tianye (Group) Co., Ltd., Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Changzhou Wei
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Changzhou Wei,
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17
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Karandish F, Nouri H, Schyns JF. Agricultural Adaptation to Reconcile Food Security and Water Sustainability Under Climate Change: The Case of Cereals in Iran. Earths Future 2022; 10:e2021EF002095. [PMID: 36583139 PMCID: PMC9786694 DOI: 10.1029/2021ef002095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we simulate the crop yield and water footprint (WF) of major food crops of Iran on irrigated and rainfed croplands for the historical and the future climate. We assess the effects of three agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change in terms of potential blue water savings. We then evaluate to what extent these savings can reduce unsustainable blue WF. We find that cereal production increases under climate change in both irrigated and rainfed croplands (by 2.6-3.1 and 1.4-2.3 million t yr-1, respectively) due to increased yields (6.6%-78.7%). Simultaneously, the unit WF (m3 t-1) tends to decrease in most scenarios. However, the annual consumptive water use increases in both irrigated and rainfed croplands (by 0.3-1.8 and 0.5-1.7 billion m3 yr-1, respectively). This is most noticeable in the arid regions, where consumptive water use increases by roughly 70% under climate change. Off-season cultivation is the most effective adaptation strategy to alleviate additional pressure on blue water resources with blue water savings of 14-15 billion m3 yr-1. The second most effective is WF benchmarking, which results in blue water savings of 1.1-3.5 billion m3 yr-1. The early planting strategy is less effective but still leads to blue water savings of 1.7-1.9 billion m3 yr-1. In the same order of effectiveness, these three strategies can reduce blue water scarcity and unsustainable blue water use in Iran under current conditions. However, we find that these strategies do not mitigate water scarcity in all provinces per se, nor all months of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karandish
- Water Engineering DepartmentUniversity of ZabolZabolIran
- Multidisciplinary Water ManagementFaculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Hamideh Nouri
- Division of AgronomyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Joep F. Schyns
- Multidisciplinary Water ManagementFaculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
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Ibrahim AEA, Abd El Mageed T, Abohamid Y, Abdallah H, El-Saadony M, AbuQamar S, El-Tarabily K, Abdou N. Exogenously Applied Proline Enhances Morph-Physiological Responses and Yield of Drought-Stressed Maize Plants Grown Under Different Irrigation Systems. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:897027. [PMID: 35909786 PMCID: PMC9331896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The exogenous application of osmoprotectants [e.g., proline (Pro)] is an important approach for alleviating the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on plants. Field trials were conducted during the summers of 2017 and 2018 to determine the effects of deficit irrigation and exogenous application of Pro on the productivity, morph-physiological responses, and yield of maize grown under two irrigation systems [surface irrigation (SI) and drip irrigation (DI)]. Three deficit irrigation levels (I100, I85, and I70, representing 100, 85, and 70% of crop evapotranspiration, respectively) and two concentrations of Pro (Pro1 = 2 mM and Pro2 = 4 mM) were used in this study. The plants exposed to drought stress showed a significant reduction in plant height, dry matter, leaf area, chlorophyll content [soil plant analysis development (SPAD)], quantum efficiency of photosystem II [Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, and performance index (PI)], water status [membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC)], and grain yield. The DI system increased crop growth and yield and reduced the irrigation water input by 30% compared with the SI system. The growth, water status, and yield of plants significantly decreased with an increase in the water stress levels under the SI system. Under the irrigation systems tested in this study, Pro1 and Pro2 increased plant height by 16 and 18%, RWC by 7 and 10%, MSI by 6 and 12%, PI by 6 and 19%, chlorophyll fluorescence by 7 and 11%, relative chlorophyll content by 9 and 14%, and grain yield by 10 and 14%, respectively, compared with Pro0 control treatment (no Pro). The interaction of Pro2 at I100 irrigation level in DI resulted in the highest grain yield (8.42 t ha-1). However, under the DI or SI system, exogenously applied Pro2 at I85 irrigation level may be effective in achieving higher water productivity and yield without exerting any harmful effects on the growth or yield of maize under limited water conditions. Our results demonstrated the importance of the application of Pro as a tolerance inducer of drought stress in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Aty Ibrahim
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Taia Abd El Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Abohamid
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hanan Abdallah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Synan AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Nasr Abdou
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Singh M, Singh S, Parkash V, Ritchie G, Wallace RW, Deb SK. Biochar Implications Under Limited Irrigation for Sweet Corn Production in a Semi-Arid Environment. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:853746. [PMID: 35528935 PMCID: PMC9072871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The integration of biochar and deficit irrigation is increasingly being evaluated as a water-saving strategy to minimize crop yield losses under reduced irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions such as West Texas. A 2-year (2019 and 2020) open-field study evaluated the effect of two types of biochar amendments (hardwood and softwood) and three irrigation rates [100, 70, and 40% crop evapotranspiration (ET c ) replacement] on the physiology, plant growth, and yield of sweet corn in semi-arid West Texas. All experimental units were replicated four times in a split-plot design. The chlorophyll content (Chl SPAD ) in 40% ET c dropped significantly compared to 100% ET c and 70% ET c during the reproductive phase. Although water stress under 40% ET c decreased photosynthesis (P n ) to limit transpiration (E) by stomatal closure, it improved intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). The above-mentioned gas exchange parameters were comparable between 100% ET c and 70% ET c . Both biochar treatments increased Chl SPAD content over non-amended plots, however, their effect on gas exchange parameters was non-significant. All growth and yield-related parameters were comparable between 100% ET c and 70% ET c , but significantly greater than 40% ET c , except water productivity (WP). Both deficit irrigation treatments improved WP over full irrigation in 2019, but in 2020, the WP gains were observed only under 70% ET c . Hardwood biochar decreased soil bulk density and increased soil porosity, but it had a marginal effect on the water retention characteristics. These results suggest that 70% ET c can be used as an alternative to full irrigation to save water with a minimal yield penalty for sweet corn production in the West Texas region. The hardwood biochar application improved the vegetative biomass significantly but yield marginally during the first 2 years of application. A long-term study is required to test the effect of biochar under deficit irrigation beyond 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Ved Parkash
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Glen Ritchie
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | | | - Sanjit K. Deb
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Rane J, Singh AK, Tiwari M, Prasad PVV, Jagadish SVK. Effective Use of Water in Crop Plants in Dryland Agriculture: Implications of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidative System. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:778270. [PMID: 35082809 PMCID: PMC8784697 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.778270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Under dryland conditions, annual and perennial food crops are exposed to dry spells, severely affecting crop productivity by limiting available soil moisture at critical and sensitive growth stages. Climate variability continues to be the primary cause of uncertainty, often making timing rather than quantity of precipitation the foremost concern. Therefore, mitigation and management of stress experienced by plants due to limited soil moisture are crucial for sustaining crop productivity under current and future harsher environments. Hence, the information generated so far through multiple investigations on mechanisms inducing drought tolerance in plants needs to be translated into tools and techniques for stress management. Scope to accomplish this exists in the inherent capacity of plants to manage stress at the cellular level through various mechanisms. One of the most extensively studied but not conclusive physiological phenomena is the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging them through an antioxidative system (AOS), which determines a wide range of damage to the cell, organ, and the plant. In this context, this review aims to examine the possible roles of the ROS-AOS balance in enhancing the effective use of water (EUW) by crops under water-limited dryland conditions. We refer to EUW as biomass produced by plants with available water under soil moisture stress rather than per unit of water (WUE). We hypothesize that EUW can be enhanced by an appropriate balance between water-saving and growth promotion at the whole-plant level during stress and post-stress recovery periods. The ROS-AOS interactions play a crucial role in water-saving mechanisms and biomass accumulation, resulting from growth processes that include cell division, cell expansion, photosynthesis, and translocation of assimilates. Hence, appropriate strategies for manipulating these processes through genetic improvement and/or application of exogenous compounds can provide practical solutions for improving EUW through the optimized ROS-AOS balance under water-limited dryland conditions. This review deals with the role of ROS-AOS in two major EUW determining processes, namely water use and plant growth. It describes implications of the ROS level or content, ROS-producing, and ROS-scavenging enzymes based on plant water status, which ultimately affects photosynthetic efficiency and growth of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Rane
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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21
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Dhanda S, Yadav A, Yadav DB, Chauhan BS. Emerging Issues and Potential Opportunities in the Rice-Wheat Cropping System of North-Western India. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:832683. [PMID: 35273628 PMCID: PMC8902641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.832683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is the backbone of Indian farming, especially in the north-western region. But continuous adoption of the RWCS in northwest India has resulted in major challenges and stagnation in the productivity of this system. Additionally, the Indo-Gangetic Plains of Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh are also facing similar challenges for sustainable production of the RWCS. Several emerging problems, such as the exhausting nutrient pool in soil, deteriorating soil health, groundwater depletion, escalating production cost, labor scarcity, environmental pollution due to crop residue burning and enhanced greenhouse gas emissions, climatic vulnerabilities, and herbicide resistance in weed species, are a few major threats to its sustainability. To address these challenges, a wide range of sustainable intensification technologies have been developed to reduce the irrigation and labor requirements, tillage intensity, and straw burning. Awareness and capacity building of the stakeholders and policy matching/advocacy need to be prioritized to adopt time- and need-based strategies at the ground level to combat these challenges. This review summarizes the current status and challenges of the RWCS in the northwest region of the country and also focuses on the precision management options for achieving high productivity, profitability, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Dhanda
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- *Correspondence: Sachin Dhanda,
| | - Ashok Yadav
- Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, India
| | - Dharam Bir Yadav
- Department of Agronomy, CCSHAU Regional Research Station, Karnal, India
| | - Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- Department of Agronomy, CCSHAU, Hisar, India
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22
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Contreras-Soto RI, Zacarias Rafael D, Domingos Moiana L, Maldonado C, Mora-Poblete F. Variation in Root-Related Traits Is Associated With Water Uptake in Lagenaria siceraria Genotypes Under Water-Deficit Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:897256. [PMID: 35720562 PMCID: PMC9201500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In many agricultural areas, crop production has decreased due to a lack of water availability, which is having a negative impact on sustainability and putting food security at risk. In plants, the plasticity of the root system architecture (RSA) is considered to be a key trait driving the modification of the growth and structure of roots in response to water deficits. The purpose of this study was to examine the plasticity of the RSA traits (mean root diameter, MRD; root volume, RV; root length, RL; and root surface area, SA) associated with drought tolerance in eight Lagenaria siceraria (Mol. Standl) genotypes, representing three different geographical origins: South Africa (BG-58, BG-78, and GC), Asia (Philippines and South Korea), and Chile (Illapel, Chepica, and Osorno). The RSA changes were evaluated at four substrate depths (from 0 to 40 cm). Bottle gourd genotypes were grown in 20 L capacity pots under two contrasting levels of irrigation (well-watered and water-deficit conditions). The results showed that the water productivity (WP) had a significant effect on plasticity values, with the Chilean accessions having the highest values. Furthermore, Illapel and Chepica genotypes presented the highest WP, MRD, and RV values under water-deficit conditions, in which MRD and RV were significant in the deeper layers (20-30 and 30-40 cm). Biplot analysis showed that the Illapel and Chepica genotypes presented a high WP, MRD, and RV, which confirmed that these may be promising drought-tolerant genotypes. Consequently, increased root diameter and volume in bottle gourd may constitute a response to a water deficit. The RSA traits studied here can be used as selection criteria in bottle gourd breeding programs under water-deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O' Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | | | | | - Carlos Maldonado
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O' Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
- *Correspondence: Carlos Maldonado
| | - Freddy Mora-Poblete
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Freddy Mora-Poblete
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Nehela Y, Mazrou YSA, Alshaal T, Rady AMS, El-Sherif AMA, Omara AED, Abd El-Monem AM, Hafez EM. The Integrated Amendment of Sodic-Saline Soils Using Biochar and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Enhances Maize ( Zea mays L.) Resilience to Water Salinity. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1960. [PMID: 34579492 PMCID: PMC8466265 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of low-quality water or slightly saline water in sodic-saline soil is a major global conundrum that severely impacts agricultural productivity and sustainability, particularly in arid and semiarid regions with limited freshwater resources. Herein, we proposed an integrated amendment strategy for sodic-saline soil using biochar and/or plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR; Azotobacter chroococcum SARS 10 and Pseudomonas koreensis MG209738) to alleviate the adverse impacts of saline water on the growth, physiology, and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.), as well as the soil properties and nutrient uptake during two successive seasons (2018 and 2019). Our field experiments revealed that the combined application of PGPR and biochar (PGPR + biochar) significantly improved the soil ecosystem and physicochemical properties and K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents but reduced the soil exchangeable sodium percentage and Na+ content. Likewise, it significantly increased the activity of soil urease (158.14 ± 2.37 and 165.51 ± 3.05 mg NH4+ g-1 dry soil d-1) and dehydrogenase (117.89 ± 1.86 and 121.44 ± 1.00 mg TPF g-1 dry soil d-1) in 2018 and 2019, respectively, upon irrigation with saline water compared with non-treated control. PGPR + biochar supplementation mitigated the hazardous impacts of saline water on maize plants grown in sodic-saline soil better than biochar or PGPR individually (PGPR + biochar > biochar > PGPR). The highest values of leaf area index, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total soluble sugar (TSS), relative water content, K+ and K+/Na+ of maize plants corresponded to PGPR + biochar treatment. These findings could be guidelines for cultivating not only maize but other cereal crops particularly in salt-affected soil and sodic-saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Nehela
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Yasser S. A. Mazrou
- Business Administration Department, Community College, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; or
- Department of Agriculture Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek Alshaal
- Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Department, University of Debrecen, AGTC, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; or
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. S. Rady
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. A. El-Sherif
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Alaa El-Dein Omara
- Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Abd El-Monem
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley, Elkharrga 72511, Egypt;
| | - Emad M. Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; or
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Zahra MB, Aftab ZEH, Haider MS. Water productivity, yield and agronomic attributes of maize crop in response to varied irrigation levels and biochar-compost application. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4591-4604. [PMID: 33474725 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the rapid increase in world population, the demand for freshwater is increasing day by day. There is also immense pressure on the agriculture sector to produce more food with limited supplies of water. About 75% of freshwater is used in crop production out of which 63% is lost due to poor farm practices and evapotranspiration. Enhancement of crop water productivity for sustainable agriculture production especially in areas having water scarcity plausibly contributes towards the solution of water scarcity. RESULTS The combined application of biochar and compost has a highly significant impact on maize yield with increased grain production, i.e. 6.44 and 6.52 t ha-1 at 60% irrigation level with combined application of biochar and compost as compared with control at 6.39 and 6.44 t ha-1 at 100% irrigation level in autumn and spring seasons, respectively, by saving 40% of water. Furthermore, the highest value of water productivity (1.51 and 1.16 kg m-3 ) was achieved at 60% irrigation level with combined application of soil amendments. Also, cost-benefit analysis has shown highest values of net benefit with soil organic amendments. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that addition of biochar and compost to soil has the potential to increase crop yield and growth even at low irrigation levels by enhancing water use efficiency. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah B Zahra
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zill-E-Huma Aftab
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Haider
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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25
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Hunt JR, Kirkegaard JA, Harris FA, Porker KD, Rattey AR, Collins MJ, Celestina C, Cann DJ, Hochman Z, Lilley JM, Flohr BM. Exploiting genotype × management interactions to increase rainfed crop production: a case study from south-eastern Australia. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:5189-5207. [PMID: 34228105 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield must increase to keep pace with growing global demand. Past increases in crop production have rarely been attributable to an individual innovation but have occurred when technologies and practices combine to form improved farming systems. Inevitably this has involved synergy between genotypic and management improvements. We argue that research focused on developing synergistic systems that overcome clear production constraints will accelerate increases in yield. This offers the opportunity to better focus and multiply the impact of discipline-focused research. Here we use the rainfed grain production systems of south-eastern Australia as a case study of how transformational change in water productivity can be achieved with research focused on genotype × management synergies. In this region, rainfall is low and variable and has declined since 1990. Despite this, growers have maintained yields by implementing synergistic systems combining innovations in (i) soil water conservation, (ii) crop diversity, (iii) earlier sowing, and (iv) matching nitrogen fertilizer to water-limited demand. Further increases are emerging from synergies between genetic improvements to deliver flowering time stability, adjusted sowing times, and potential dual-purpose use. Collaboration between agronomists, physiologists, and crop breeders has led to development of commercial genotypes with stable flowering time that are in early phases of testing and adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hunt
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - John A Kirkegaard
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Felicity A Harris
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenton D Porker
- South Australian Research & Development Institute & School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | | | - Marisa J Collins
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Corinne Celestina
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Cann
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Zvi Hochman
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture & Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julianne M Lilley
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Bonnie M Flohr
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture & Food, Adelaide, ACT, Australia
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Vashisth A, Meena N, Krishnan P. Magnetic Field Affects Growth and Yield of Sunflower Under Different Moisture Stress Conditions. Bioelectromagnetics 2021; 42:473-483. [PMID: 34174103 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic field treatments of seeds have shown significant effects on the enhancement of crop growth. Soil moisture stress is the major constraint in the production of the sunflower crop. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of a 200 mT magnetic field for 2 h on crop growth, and yield of sunflower crops raised from magnetically treated seeds sown under different moisture stress conditions. Results showed that plants from magnetically treated seeds had higher leaf area index, shoot length, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, biomass, 1000-seed mass, and seed yield as compared with untreated. Radiation use efficiency and water productivity were significantly higher in plants raised from magnetically treated seeds than untreated seeds. Crop raised from magnetically treated seeds had 6.2% more seed yield, 7.1% more protein, and oil content as compared with crops raised from untreated seeds. Hence, it may be concluded that exposure of dry sunflower seeds to the static magnetic field of 200 mT for 2 h could be used for improving crop growth and yield under different moisture stress conditions. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Vashisth
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Meena
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prameela Krishnan
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Mohammed M, Riad K, Alqahtani N. Efficient IoT-Based Control for a Smart Subsurface Irrigation System to Enhance Irrigation Management of Date Palm. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:3942. [PMID: 34201041 DOI: 10.3390/s21123942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Drought is the most severe problem for agricultural production, and the intensity of this problem is increasing in most cultivated areas around the world. Hence improving water productivity is the primary purpose of sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to use cloud IoT solutions to control a modern subsurface irrigation system for improving irrigation management of date palms in arid regions. To achieve this goal, we designed, constructed, and validated the performance of a fully automated controlled subsurface irrigation system (CSIS) to monitor and control the irrigation water amount remotely. The CSIS is based on an autonomous sensors network to instantly collect the climatic parameters and volumetric soil water content in the study area. Therefore, we employed the ThingSpeak cloud platform to host sensor readings, perform algorithmic analysis, instant visualize the live data, create event-based alerts to the user, and send instructions to the IoT devices. The validation of the CSIS proved that automatically irrigating date palm trees controlled by the sensor-based irrigation scheduling (S-BIS) is more efficient than the time-based irrigation scheduling (T-BIS). The S-BIS provided the date palm with the optimum irrigation water amount at the opportune time directly in the functional root zone. Generally, the S-BIS and T-BIS of CSIS reduced the applied irrigation water amount by 64.1% and 61.2%, respectively, compared with traditional surface irrigation (TSI). The total annual amount of applied irrigation water for CSIS with S-BIS method, CSIS with T-BIS method, and TSI was 21.04, 22.76, and 58.71 m3 palm−1, respectively. The water productivity at the CSIS with S-BIS (1.783 kg m−3) and T-BIS (1.44 kg m−3) methods was significantly higher compared to the TSI (0.531 kg m−3). The CSIS with the S-BIS method kept the volumetric water content in the functional root zone next to the field capacity compared to the T-BIS method. The deigned CSIS with the S-BIS method characterized by the positive impact on the irrigation water management and enhancement on fruit yield of the date palm is quite proper for date palm irrigation in the arid regions.
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Bellvert J, Nieto H, Pelechá A, Jofre-Čekalović C, Zazurca L, Miarnau X. Remote Sensing Energy Balance Model for the Assessment of Crop Evapotranspiration and Water Status in an Almond Rootstock Collection. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:608967. [PMID: 33790920 PMCID: PMC8006460 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.608967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the objectives of many studies conducted by breeding programs is to characterize and select rootstocks well-adapted to drought conditions. In recent years, field high-throughput phenotyping methods have been developed to characterize plant traits and to identify the most water use efficient varieties and rootstocks. However, none of these studies have been able to quantify the behavior of crop evapotranspiration in almond rootstocks under different water regimes. In this study, remote sensing phenotyping methods were used to assess the evapotranspiration of almond cv. "Marinada" grafted onto a rootstock collection. In particular, the two-source energy balance and Shuttleworth and Wallace models were used to, respectively, estimate the actual and potential evapotranspiration of almonds grafted onto 10 rootstock under three different irrigation treatments. For this purpose, three flights were conducted during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons with an aircraft equipped with a thermal and multispectral camera. Stem water potential (Ψ s t e m ) was also measured concomitant to image acquisition. Biophysical traits of the vegetation were firstly assessed through photogrammetry techniques, spectral vegetation indices and the radiative transfer model PROSAIL. The estimates of canopy height, leaf area index and daily fraction of intercepted radiation had root mean square errors of 0.57 m, 0.24 m m-1 and 0.07%, respectively. Findings of this study showed significant differences between rootstocks in all of the evaluated parameters. Cadaman® and Garnem® had the highest canopy vigor traits, evapotranspiration, Ψ s t e m and kernel yield. In contrast, Rootpac® 20 and Rootpac® R had the lowest values of the same parameters, suggesting that this was due to an incompatibility between plum-almond species or to a lower water absorption capability of the rooting system. Among the rootstocks with medium canopy vigor, Adesoto and IRTA 1 had a lower evapotranspiration than Rootpac® 40 and Ishtara®. Water productivity (WP) (kg kernel/mm water evapotranspired) tended to decrease with Ψ s t e m , mainly in 2018. Cadaman® and Garnem® had the highest WP, followed by INRA GF-677, IRTA 1, IRTA 2, and Rootpac® 40. Despite the low Ψ s t e m of Rootpac® R, the WP of this rootstock was also high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Bellvert
- Efficient Use of Water in Agriculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Héctor Nieto
- Complutum Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pelechá
- Efficient Use of Water in Agriculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Christian Jofre-Čekalović
- Efficient Use of Water in Agriculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Lourdes Zazurca
- Fruit Production Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Miarnau
- Fruit Production Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Semida WM, Abdelkhalik A, Mohamed GF, Abd El-Mageed TA, Abd El-Mageed SA, Rady MM, Ali EF. Foliar Application of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Promotes Drought Stress Tolerance in Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.). Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:421. [PMID: 33672429 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Water shortage and salinity are major challenges for sustaining global food security. Using nutrients in the nano-scale formulation including zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) is a novel fertilization strategy for crops. In this study, two field-based trials were conducted during 2018 and 2019 to examine the influence of three ZnO NP concentrations (0, 50, and 100 ppm) in eggplant grown under full irrigation (100 of crop evapotranspiration; ETc) and drought stress (60% of ETc). Plant growth, yield, water productivity (WP), physiology, biochemistry, and anatomy responses were evaluated. Drought stress significantly decreased membrane stability index (MSI), relative water content (RWC), and photosynthetic efficiency, thus hampered eggplant growth and yield. In contrast, exogenous ZnO NP to water-stressed eggplant resulted in increased RWC and MSI associated with improved stem and leaf anatomical structures and enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. Under drought stress, supplementation of 50 and 100 ppm ZnO NP improved growth characteristics and increased fruit yield by 12.2% and 22.6%, respectively, compared with fully irrigated plants and nonapplied ZnO NP. The highest water productivity (WP) was obtained when eggplant was irrigated with 60% ETc and foliarly treated with 50 or 100 ppm of ZnO NP, which led to 50.8–66.1% increases in WP when compared with nontreated fully irrigated plants. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that foliar spraying ZnO NP gives the utility for alleviating drought stress effects on eggplant cultivated in saline soil.
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Wang XZ, Zhao XN, Gao XD, Wei W, Wang SF, Yu LY, Wang JX, Shao ZE. [Simulation on soil moisture and water productivity of apple orchard on the Loess Plateau, Northwest China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:201-210. [PMID: 33477228 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202101.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The WinEPIC model was used to simulate the dynamics of soil moisture and water productivity in the deep layer of the dry farm apple orchard of Changwu in the Loess Plateau from 1980 to 2018, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of apple production in the area. The results showed that the average annual yield of apple orchards in Changwu area was 27.37 t·hm-2, the average annual evapotranspiration was 673.66 mm, and the average annual water productivity was 4.07 kg·m-3. The number of water stress days in adult apple trees was mainly affected by rainfall. The average number of stress days in the late stage of apple tree growth was 46.46 d. The soil water content in deep layer began to approach withering humidity as early as 9-year-old apple trees. Water supply in the whole growing season of Changwu area was the dominant factor impacting the yield of orchards. The reduction of effective soil water content in deep soil was the main factor restricting yield enhancement in the middle and late growth stages of apple trees. When there was no sufficient precipitation, apple trees would use soil water from deeper soil layer. Excessive precipitation could not be used by apple trees but could be converted into shallow soil moisture and evaporation if the deep layer had less available water. For the mature apple trees, less than 500 mm or higher than 700 mm of annual water supply would cause a decline in production. For apple orchard at different growth periods, water management strategy should be adjusted according to rainfall conditions in different years. Supplementary irrigation, rainwater retention, covering, and pruning of branches could be used to reduce the unproductive and luxury water consumption of apple trees, delay the appearance of deep dry layer of soil, and avoid the waste of water resources while ensuring the growth of apple trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Zhi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi-Ning Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shao-Fei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu-Yang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhu-En Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Sagheer A, Mohammed M, Riad K, Alhajhoj M. A Cloud-Based IoT Platform for Precision Control of Soilless Greenhouse Cultivation. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 21:s21010223. [PMID: 33396448 PMCID: PMC7796151 DOI: 10.3390/s21010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Food security has become an increasingly important challenge for all countries globally, particularly as the world population continues to grow and arable lands are diminishing due to urbanization. Water scarcity and lack of labor add extra negative influence on traditional agriculture and food production. The problem is getting worse in countries with arid lands and harsh climate, which exacerbates the food gap in these countries. Therefore, smart and practical solutions to promote cultivation and combat food production challenges are highly needed. As a controllable environment, greenhouses are the perfect environment to improve crops’ production and quality in harsh climate regions. Monitoring and controlling greenhouse microclimate is a real problem where growers have to deal with various parameters to ensure the optimal growth of crops. This paper shows our research in which we established a multi-tier cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) platform to enhance the greenhouse microclimate. As a case study, we applied the IoT platform on cucumber cultivation in a soilless medium inside a commercial-sized greenhouse. The established platform connected all sensors, controllers, and actuators placed in the greenhouse to provide long-distance communication to monitor, control, and manage the greenhouse. The implemented platform increased the cucumber yield and enhanced its quality. Moreover, the platform improved water use efficiency and decreased consumption of electrical energy. Based on the positive impact on water use efficiency and enhancement on cucumber fruit yield and quality, the established platform seems quite suitable for the soilless greenhouse cultivation in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Sagheer
- College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIRO), Aswan University, Aswan 81582, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Maged Mohammed
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKoum 32514, Egypt
| | - Khaled Riad
- College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alhajhoj
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Contreras JI, Baeza R, López JG, Cánovas G, Alonso F. Management of Fertigation in Horticultural Crops through Automation with Electrotensiometers: Effect on the Productivity of Water and Nutrients. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 21:E190. [PMID: 33396728 DOI: 10.3390/s21010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water and nutrient requirements of horticultural crops are influenced by different factors such as: Type of crop, stage of development and production system. Although greenhouse horticultural crops are more efficient in the use of water and fertilizers compared to other production systems, it is necessary increase efficiency for which individualized fertigation strategies must be designed for each greenhouse. The automation of fertigation based on the level of soil moisture allows optimization of management. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the activation command of fertigation with electrotensiometers and the characteristics of the greenhouse on the productivity of the crop and the efficiency of use of water and nutrients in a sweet pepper crop. The trial was developed in two greenhouses. Four treatments were studied, combination of who two-factor: Soil matric potential (SMP) (SMP−10: Automatic activation of irrigation to −10 kPa and SMP−20: Automatic activation of irrigation to −20 kPa) and greenhouse characteristics (G1 and G2). The nutritive solution applied was the same in all treatments. The yield and volume of water and nutrients applied were determined, calculating the productivity of the water (WP), as well as productivity the nutrients. The fertigation activation threshold of −10 kPa presented the best results, increasing the yield and conserving WP and nutrient productivity with respect to −20 kPa in both greenhouses. The automation of irrigation with electrotensiometers allowed the application of different volume of fertigation demanded by the crop in each greenhouse, equalizing the WP and nutrient productivity without producing drainage. The pepper crop in the greenhouse G1 presented greater vegetative development, higher yield and demanded a greater volume of fertigation than G2 regardless of the activation threshold. This was due to the fact that the soil matric potential after irrigation in greenhouse G1 was closer to zero, being able to conclude that not only the soil matric potential threshold of irrigation activation has an influence on crop, but also the potential registered after irrigation. Soil matric potentials closer to zero are more productive.
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Abstract
Water’s ability to generate value in irrigated agriculture remains poorly quantified at the global scale. The valuation of irrigation water is an important piece of information not only for agribusiness investors interested in the acquisition of land and water entitlements but also for farmers and rural communities that are negotiating with such investors. To make an informed decision about the acquisition or relinquishment of water rights or about investments in irrigation infrastructure there is a need for a better understanding of the value generated by irrigation water in agriculture using methods that rely on globally available data. This study provides a high-resolution global assessment of irrigation water value as a function of crop type and geographic location. Major environmental functions and human needs critically depend on water. In regions of the world affected by water scarcity economic activities can be constrained by water availability, leading to competition both among sectors and between human uses and environmental needs. While the commodification of water remains a contentious political issue, the valuation of this natural resource is sometime viewed as a strategy to avoid water waste. Likewise, water markets have been invoked as a mechanism to allocate water to economically most efficient uses. The value of water, however, remains difficult to estimate because water markets and market prices exist only in few regions of the world. Despite numerous attempts at estimating the value of water in the absence of markets (i.e., the “shadow price”), a global spatially explicit assessment of the value of water in agriculture is still missing. Here we propose a data-parsimonious biophysical framework to determine the value generated by water in irrigated agriculture and highlight its global spatiotemporal patterns. We find that in much of the world the actual crop distribution does not maximize agricultural water value.
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Shahane AA, Shivay YS, Prasanna R, Kumar D. Improving Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Rice by Changing Crop Establishment Methods, Application of Microbial Inoculations, and Zn Fertilization. Glob Chall 2019; 3:1800005. [PMID: 31592330 PMCID: PMC6777210 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the wet seasons of 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effect of three rice establishment methods: viz. puddled transplanted rice (PTR), system of rice intensification (SRI) and aerobic rice system (ARS), two cyanobacteria based inoculants, viz. Anabaena sp (CR1) + Providencia sp (PR3) consortium and Anabaena-Pseudomonas (An-Ps) biofilm formulation, and zinc (Zn) fertilization on the rice yield, water productivity, and nutrient use efficiency. The yields of rough, brown and milled rice were highest in SRI, which was on par with PTR and both methods proved significantly superior to ARS in both years. The total water productivity of rough and brown rice in the first year was significantly higher in SRI. The SRI method saved 21.9% and 27.4% irrigation water over PTR, and savings in ARS were 37.4% and 50.8% in first and second year respectively, over PTR. The use of An-Ps biofilm formulation along with 75% RDN improved the agronomic use efficiency of both nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers applied. On the basis of the present study, it can be concluded that SRI improved rice yields and water productivity; while involvement of An-Ps biofilm formulation can be recommended for improved nutrient use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Anil Shahane
- Division of AgronomyICAR—Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi110012India
| | - Yashbir Singh Shivay
- Division of AgronomyICAR—Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi110012India
| | - Radha Prasanna
- Division of MicrobiologyICAR—Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi110012India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of AgronomyICAR—Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi110012India
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Luo Z, Xin CS, Li WJ, Zhang DM, Dong HZ. [Effects of partial root-zone irrigation and rational close planting on yield and water productivity of cotton in arid area.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2019; 30:3137-3144. [PMID: 31529889 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201909.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and underlying physiological mecha-nisms of partial root zone irrigation (PRI) and rational close planting, as well as their interaction on yield and water productivity (WP) of cotton and to explore new alternatives of water-saving irrigation in dry land areas. A factorial field experiment with irrigation mode (normal irrigation, partial root-zone irrigation and deficient irrigation) and plant population density (135000, 180000 and 225000 plants·hm-2) was conducted in the west of Inner Mongolia to examine their effects on cotton growth, yield, water productivity and related physiological characters. The results showed that the irrigation mode and plant density as well as their interaction significantly affected the biomass, yield, yield components and harvest index. Under normal irrigation, the biomass and the number of bolls per unit area increased with the increasing of plant density, but the harvest index and boll weight significantly reduced. The yield of high plant density was comparable to that of medium plant density, both of which were increased significantly compared with that of low plant density. The content of abscisic acid (ABA) significantly increased and that of auxin (IAA) significantly reduced in cotton leaves under partial root-zone irrigation, which significantly increased the harvest index by improving the partitioning of assimilates to reproductive organs under partial root-zone irrigation. The number of bolls per unit area increased and boll mass remained unchanged with the increasing of density under partial root-zone irrigation. The yield of high density increased by 6.7% and 11.5% compared with that of medium and low density under partial root zone irrigation. The pre-frost seed cotton increased by 22.5%, the amount of irrigation reduced by 30%, and water productivity increased by 49.3% under partial root zone irrigation compared with that under normal irrigation at high plant density. Plant density did not affect photosynthetic rate (Pn) of functional leaves, but irrigation mode significantly affected Pn. Deficient irrigation significantly reduced the Pn of the main-stem functional leaves, but the Pn under partial root-zone irrigation was comparable to that of normal irrigation. The jasmonate (JA) content and the expression level of plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) gene were significantly increased in the hydrated root under partial root-zone irrigation compared with those under normal irrigation. The results suggested that the increased JA content, as a signal molecule, up-regulated the expression level of PIP gene in dehydrated root and increased water uptake capacity of roots and guaranteed water balance of leaves, and then contributed to a relatively high Pn. Partial root-zone irrigation combined with relatively high plant density (225000 plants·hm-2) is an important agronomic alternative for water saving in cotton plantation in the dry land areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Cotton Research Center/Shandong Key Laboratory for Cotton Culture and Physio-logy/Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Cheng Song Xin
- Cotton Research Center/Shandong Key Laboratory for Cotton Culture and Physio-logy/Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Wei Jiang Li
- Cotton Research Center/Shandong Key Laboratory for Cotton Culture and Physio-logy/Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Dong Mei Zhang
- Cotton Research Center/Shandong Key Laboratory for Cotton Culture and Physio-logy/Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - He Zhong Dong
- Cotton Research Center/Shandong Key Laboratory for Cotton Culture and Physio-logy/Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
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Ferguson J, Meyer R, Edwards K, Humphry M, Brendel O, Bechtold U. Accelerated flowering time reduces lifetime water use without penalizing reproductive performance in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:1847-1867. [PMID: 30707443 PMCID: PMC6563486 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural selection driven by water availability has resulted in considerable variation for traits associated with drought tolerance and leaf-level water-use efficiency (WUE). In Arabidopsis, little is known about the variation of whole-plant water use (PWU) and whole-plant WUE (transpiration efficiency). To investigate the genetic basis of PWU, we developed a novel proxy trait by combining flowering time and rosette water use to estimate lifetime PWU. We validated its usefulness for large-scale screening of mapping populations in a subset of ecotypes. This parameter subsequently facilitated the screening of water use and drought tolerance traits in a recombinant inbred line population derived from two Arabidopsis accessions with distinct water-use strategies, namely, C24 (low PWU) and Col-0 (high PWU). Subsequent quantitative trait loci mapping and validation through near-isogenic lines identified two causal quantitative trait loci, which showed that a combination of weak and nonfunctional alleles of the FRIGIDA (FRI) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) genes substantially reduced plant water use due to their control of flowering time. Crucially, we observed that reducing flowering time and consequently water use did not penalize reproductive performance, as such water productivity (seed produced per unit of water transpired) improved. Natural polymorphisms of FRI and FLC have previously been elucidated as key determinants of natural variation in intrinsic WUE (δ13 C). However, in the genetic backgrounds tested here, drought tolerance traits, stomatal conductance, δ13 C. and rosette water use were independent of allelic variation at FRI and FLC, suggesting that flowering is critical in determining lifetime PWU but not always leaf-level traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N. Ferguson
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
- Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Rhonda C. Meyer
- Department of Molecular GeneticsLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenSeelandGermany
| | - Kieron D. Edwards
- Sibelius Natural Products Health Wellness and FitnessOxfordUK
- Advanced Technologies CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Matt Humphry
- Advanced Technologies CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Quantitative GeneticsBritish American TobaccoCambridgeUK
| | - Oliver Brendel
- Université de LorraineAgroParisTech, INRA, SilvaNancyFrance
| | - Ulrike Bechtold
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
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Nie T, Chen P, Zhang Z, Qi Z, Lin Y, Xu D. Effects of Different Types of Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Yield, and Water Consumption of Paddy Fields in Cold Region of China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E1639. [PMID: 31083450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water management and nitrogen (N) fertilizers are the two main driving factors of greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, two irrigation modes, controlled irrigation (CI) and flood irrigation (FI), and four nitrogen fertilizer levels (N0: 0, N1:,85, N2:,110, and N3:,135 kg·hm-2) were set to study the effect of different irrigation modes and N fertilizer amount on greenhouse-gas emissions of paddy fields in cold region by using the static chamber-gas chromatograph method; yield and water consumption were also analyzed. The results showed that, compared with FI, CI significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 19.42~46.94%, but increased N2O emissions by 5.66~11.85%. Under the two irrigation modes, N fertilizers could significantly increase N2O emissions, but the CH4 emissions of each N treatment showed few differences. Compared with FI, appropriate N application under CI could significantly increase grain number per spike, seed-setting rate, and 1000-grain weight, thus increasing yield. Under the two irrigation modes, water consumption increased with the increase of N application rate, and the total water consumption of CI was significantly lower than that of FI. The global warming potential (GWP) of CI was significantly smaller than that of FI. The trend of GWP in each treatment was similar to that of CH4. Through comprehensive comparison and analysis of water productivity (WP), gas emission intensity (GHGI), and the yield of each treatment, we found that CI+N2 treatment had the highest WP (2.05 kg·m-3) and lowest GHGI (0.37 kg CO2-eq·kg-1), while maintaining high yield (10224.4 kg·hm-2). The results of this study provide an important basis for guiding high yield, water-savings, and emission reduction of paddy fields in cold regions.
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Guo FX, Chang TR, Lin YY, Wang YP, Mu Y. [Simulation of soil water dynamics and water productivity of apple trees in different areas of Shaanxi Province, China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2019; 30:379-390. [PMID: 30915787 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201902.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using WinEPIC and partial least squares regression model, we compared the driving factors of water productivity and soil moisture dynamics of several mature apple plantations in Shaanxi from 1981 to 2016. For the hilly and gully region of northern Shaanxi, the residual loess platform region in Weibei, and Guanzhong Plain, the average annual yield of mature apple forests was 16.94, 22.62 and 25.70 t·hm-2, the annual average evapotranspiration was 511.2, 614.9 and 889.88 mm, and the water productivity was 3.81, 3.82 and 3.24 kg·m-3, respectively. In northern Shaanxi and Weibei regions, water stress was the most serious, with the average annual stress days being 54.89 and 28.38 d, respectively. The N-level stress in Guanzhong region was severe, with an average annual stress day of 25.87 d. The largest factor affecting the yield of apple plantations in the northern Shaanxi and northern Weibei regions was the precipitation. The standardized regression coefficients were 0.274 and 0.235, respectively, the amount of N applied had a significant impact on the yield, with regression coefficients of 0.224 and 0.232, respectively. The maximum impact factor in Guanzhong region was the amount of N applied, with a regression coefficient of 0.335, followed by the amount of water supplied and the amount of applied P. The regression coefficients were 0.154 and 0.147, respectively. The dominant factor affecting the water productivity of apple plantations in northern Shaanxi and Weibei was precipitation, and the standardized regression coefficients were 0.238 and 0.194, respectively. The most important impact factors in Guanzhong region were the amount of N applied and the amount of water supplied, and the regression coefficients were 0.182 and 0.178, respectively. During the simulation period, the total water consumption of apple plantations in the northern Shaanxi, Weibei and Guanzhong regions was 1152.17, 1342.95 and 1372.42 mm, respectively. The effective water content decline rates of 2-15 m soil layers were 63.44, 57.08 and 51.41 mm·a-1, respectively. The dry layer of deep soil appeared after 8, 13 and 17 years, and the dry layer was stable to 11 m deep for 18, 21 and 26 years, respectively, suggesting the drying status was severe. The management focus of apple plantations in different regions should be determined by the dominant factors of water productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Xing Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Ran Chang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yan Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Ping Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Mu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Zegbe JA, Serna-Pérez A. Irrigation options to save water while enhancing export-size fruit and storability of 'Smooth Red' cactus pear. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:5503-5508. [PMID: 29691875 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A two-year study assessed deficit irrigation options for their effects on water-saving, yield, fruit quality, and postharvest performance of 'Smooth Red' cactus pear. We evaluated: (i) full irrigation (FI), (ii) partial rootzone drying (PRD), (iii) deficit irrigation (DI), and (iv) non-irrigated (NI) treatment as control. RESULTS The FI plants had the largest fruit size and the highest yield. PRD and DI plants used irrigation water with the highest efficiency and had the highest water productivity. The NI plants showed the highest water use efficiency in both growing seasons. Compared with FI, the yield was reduced in PRD by 5.5% in 2005 and by 7.8% in 2006. The corresponding reductions for DI were 6.0% and 7.4%, respectively. The NI plants had the lowest percentage of marketable yield. The PRD and DI treatments did not negatively affect fruit quality attributes either at harvest or after storage compared with FI and NI fruits. Fruit water loss tended to be lower in FI, PRD, and DI fruits. CONCLUSIONS This study was aimed at obtaining the maximum yield per unit of water applied instead of maximizing the yield per unit of area. We therefore recommend PRD or DI as feasible irrigation options for sustainable production of cactus pear. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Zegbe
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Serna-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
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Sreeman SM, Vijayaraghavareddy P, Sreevathsa R, Rajendrareddy S, Arakesh S, Bharti P, Dharmappa P, Soolanayakanahally R. Corrigendum: Introgression of Physiological Traits for a Comprehensive Improvement of Drought Adaptation in Crop Plants. Front Chem 2018; 6:382. [PMID: 30186834 PMCID: PMC6118222 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheshshayee M Sreeman
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sowmya Rajendrareddy
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Smitharani Arakesh
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pooja Bharti
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Prathibha Dharmappa
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Raju Soolanayakanahally
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Zúñiga M, Ortega-Farías S, Fuentes S, Riveros-Burgos C, Poblete-Echeverría C. Effects of Three Irrigation Strategies on Gas Exchange Relationships, Plant Water Status, Yield Components and Water Productivity on Grafted Carménère Grapevines. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:992. [PMID: 30050549 PMCID: PMC6052738 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the Chilean viticultural industry, Carménère is considered an emblematic cultivar that is cultivated mainly in arid and semi-arid zones. For this reason, it is necessary to use precise irrigation scheduling for improving water use efficiency (WUE), water productivity (WP), yield and wine quality. This study evaluated the effects of three deficit irrigation strategies on gas exchange variables, WUE, WP and yield components in a drip-irrigated Carménère vineyard growing under semi-arid climatic conditions during two consecutive seasons (2011/12 and 2012/13). The irrigation strategies were applied in completely randomized design from fruit set (S) to harvest (H). The first irrigation strategy (T1) involved continuous irrigation at 100% of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from S to the veraison (V) period and at 80% of ETa from V to H. The second irrigation strategy (T2) involved irrigation at 50% of ETa from S to H and the third one (T3) involved no-irrigation from S to V and at 30% of ETa from V to H. The results indicated that there was a significant non-linear correlation between net CO2 assimilation (AN) and stomatal conductance (gs), which resulted in three zones of water stress (zone I = gs > 0.30 mol H2O m-2s-1; zone II = between 0.06 and 0.30 mol H2O m-2s-1; and zone III = gs < 0.06 mol H2O m-2s-1). The use of less water by T2 and T3 had a significant effect on yield components, with a reduction in the weight and diameter of grapes. A significant increase in WP (7.3 kg m-3) occurred in T3, which resulted in values of WUE that were significantly higher than those from T1 and T2. Also, a significant non-linear relationship between the integral water stress (SIΨ) and WP (R2 = 0.74) was established. The results show that grafted Carménère vines were tolerant to water stress although differences between cultivars/genotypes still need to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Zúñiga
- Research and Extension Center for Irrigation and Agroclimatology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel Ortega-Farías
- Research and Extension Center for Irrigation and Agroclimatology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Research Program on Adaptation of Agriculture to Climate Change (A2C2), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Camilo Riveros-Burgos
- Research and Extension Center for Irrigation and Agroclimatology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Carlos Poblete-Echeverría
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Sreeman SM, Vijayaraghavareddy P, Sreevathsa R, Rajendrareddy S, Arakesh S, Bharti P, Dharmappa P, Soolanayakanahally R. Introgression of Physiological Traits for a Comprehensive Improvement of Drought Adaptation in Crop Plants. Front Chem 2018; 6:92. [PMID: 29692985 PMCID: PMC5903164 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Burgeoning population growth, industrial demand, and the predicted global climate change resulting in erratic monsoon rains are expected to severely limit fresh water availability for agriculture both in irrigated and rainfed ecosystems. In order to remain food and nutrient secure, agriculture research needs to focus on devising strategies to save water in irrigated conditions and to develop superior cultivars with improved water productivity to sustain yield under rainfed conditions. Recent opinions accruing in the scientific literature strongly favor the adoption of a "trait based" crop improvement approach for increasing water productivity. Traits associated with maintenance of positive tissue turgor and maintenance of increased carbon assimilation are regarded as most relevant to improve crop growth rates under water limiting conditions and to enhance water productivity. The advent of several water saving agronomic practices notwithstanding, a genetic enhancement strategy of introgressing distinct physiological, morphological, and cellular mechanisms on to a single elite genetic background is essential for achieving a comprehensive improvement in drought adaptation in crop plants. The significant progress made in genomics, though would provide the necessary impetus, a clear understanding of the "traits" to be introgressed is the most essential need of the hour. Water uptake by a better root architecture, water conservation by preventing unproductive transpiration are crucial for maintaining positive tissue water relations. Improved carbon assimilation associated with carboxylation capacity and mesophyll conductance is important in sustaining crop growth rates under water limited conditions. Besides these major traits, we summarize the available information in literature on classifying various drought adaptive traits. We provide evidences that Water-Use Efficiency when introgressed with moderately higher transpiration, would significantly enhance growth rates and water productivity in rice through an improved photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sowmya Rajendrareddy
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Smitharani Arakesh
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pooja Bharti
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Prathibha Dharmappa
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Raju Soolanayakanahally
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Abstract
Recently with limited information from intensified grain-based farming systems in developed countries, livestock production is challenged as being huge consumer of freshwater. The smallholder mixed crop-livestock (MCL) system which is predominant in developing countries like Ethiopia, is maintained with considerable contributions of crop residues (CR) to livestock feeding. Inclusion of CR is expected to reduce the water requirement for feed production resulting improvement in livestock water productivity (LWP). This study was conducted to determine feed water productivity (FWP) and LWP in the MCL system. A multistage sampling procedure was followed to select farmers from different wealth status. Wealth status dictated by ownership of key farm resources such as size of cropland and livestock influenced the magnitude of livestock outputs, FWP and LWP. Significant difference in feed collected, freshwater evapotranspired, livestock outputs and water productivity (WP) were observed between wealth groups, where wealthier are relatively more advantaged. Water productivity of CR and grazing land (GL) analyzed separately showed contrasting differences where better-off gained more on CR, whereas vice versa on GL. These counterbalancing of variations may justify the non-significant difference in total FWP between wealth groups. Despite observed differences, low WP on GL indicates the need of interventions at all levels. The variation in WP of CR is attributed to availability of production factors which restrained the capacity of poor farmers most. A linear relationship between the proportion of CR in livestock feed and FWP was evident, but the relationship with LWP was not likely linear. As CR are inherently low in digestibility and nutritive values which have an effect on feed conversion into valuable livestock products and services, increasing share of CR beyond an optimum level is not a viable option to bring improvements in livestock productivity as expressed in terms of LWP. Ensuring land security, installing proper grazing management, improved forage seed supply and application of soil and water conservation are expected to enhance WP on GL. Given the relationship of production factors with crop biomass and associated WP, interventions targeted to improve provision of inputs, credit, extension and training support due emphasis to the poor would increase CR yield and reduce part of water use for feed production. Optimizing feed value of CR with treatment and supplementation, following water efficient forage production methods and maintenance of healthy productive animals are expected to amplify the benefits from livestock and eventually improve LWP.
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MacCarthy DS, Adiku SGK, Freduah BS, Gbefo F, Kamara AY. Using CERES-Maize and ENSO as Decision Support Tools to Evaluate Climate-Sensitive Farm Management Practices for Maize Production in the Northern Regions of Ghana. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:31. [PMID: 28184227 PMCID: PMC5266752 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) has traditionally been a major cereal staple in southern Ghana. Through breeding and other crop improvement efforts, the zone of cultivation of maize has now extended to the northern regions of Ghana which, hitherto, were the home to sorghum and millet as the major cereals. Maize yield in the northern Ghana is hampered by three major biophysical constraints, namely, poor soil fertility, low soil water storage capacity and climate variability. In this study we used the DSSAT crop model to assess integrated water and soil management strategies that combined the pre-season El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-based weather forecasting in selecting optimal planting time, at four locations in the northern regions of Ghana. It could be shown that the optimum planting date for a given year was predictable based on February-to-April (FMA) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly for the locations with R2 ranging from 0.52 to 0.71. For three out of four locations, the ENSO-predicted optimum planting dates resulted in significantly higher maize yields than the conventional farmer selected planting dates. In Wa for instance, early optimum planting dates were associated with La Nina and El Niño (Julian Days 130-150; early May to late May) whereas late planting (mid June to early July) was associated with the Neutral ENSO phase. It was also observed that the addition of manure and fertilizer improved soil water and nitrogen use efficiency, respectively, and minimized yield variability, especially when combined with weather forecast. The use of ENSO-based targeted planting date choice together with modest fertilizer and manure application has the potential to improve maize yields and also ensure sustainable maize production in parts of northern Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilys S. MacCarthy
- Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, University of GhanaKpong, Ghana
- *Correspondence: Dilys S. MacCarthy
| | | | - Bright S. Freduah
- Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, University of GhanaKpong, Ghana
| | - Francis Gbefo
- Department of Crop Science, University of GhanaLegon, Ghana
| | - Alpha Y. Kamara
- R4D Unit, International Institute of Tropical AgricultureIbadan, Nigeria
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Yang Z, Liu J, Tischer SV, Christmann A, Windisch W, Schnyder H, Grill E. Leveraging abscisic acid receptors for efficient water use in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:6791-6. [PMID: 27247417 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601954113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth requires the influx of atmospheric CO2 through stomatal pores, and this carbon uptake for photosynthesis is inherently associated with a large efflux of water vapor. Under water deficit, plants reduce transpiration and are able to improve carbon for water exchange leading to higher water use efficiency (WUE). Whether increased WUE can be achieved without trade-offs in plant growth is debated. The signals mediating the WUE response under water deficit are not fully elucidated but involve the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). ABA is perceived by a family of related receptors known to mediate acclimation responses and to reduce transpiration. We now show that enhanced stimulation of ABA signaling via distinct ABA receptors can result in plants constitutively growing at high WUE in the model species Arabidopsis WUE was assessed by three independent approaches involving gravimetric analyses, (13)C discrimination studies of shoots and derived cellulose fractions, and by gas exchange measurements of whole plants and individual leaves. Plants expressing the ABA receptors RCAR6/PYL12 combined up to 40% increased WUE with high growth rates, i.e., are water productive. Water productivity was associated with maintenance of net carbon assimilation by compensatory increases of leaf CO2 gradients, thereby sustaining biomass acquisition. Leaf surface temperatures and growth potentials of plants growing under well-watered conditions were found to be reliable indicators for water productivity. The study shows that ABA receptors can be explored to generate more plant biomass per water transpired, which is a prime goal for a more sustainable water use in agriculture.
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Abstract
This study analyzes key factors influencing water productivity in cattle rearing, particularly in contexts characterized by water scarcity. This was done through year-round monitoring of on-farm practices within five smallholder farms located in the Saïss area (northern Morocco). The on-farm monitoring protocol consisted of characterizing: (i) volumes of water used for fodder production and distinguished by source (rainfall, surface irrigation and groundwater), (ii) virtual water contained in off-farm feed resources, (iii) total forage biomass production, (iv) dietary rations fed to lactating cows and their calves and (v) milk output and live weight gain. Findings reveal a mean water footprint of 1.62±0.81 and 8.44±1.09 m3/kg of milk and of live weight gain, respectively. Groundwater represented only 13.1% and 2.2% of the total water used to get milk and live weight gain, respectively, while rainfall represented 53.0% and 48.1% of the total water for milk and live weight gain, respectively. The remaining water volumes used came from surface irrigation water (7.4% for milk and 4.0% for live weight gain) and from virtual water (26.5% for milk and 44.7% for live weight gain). The results also revealed a relatively small gross margin per m3 of water used by the herd, not exceeding an average value of US $ 0.05, when considering both milk and live weight. Given the large variability in farm performances, which affect water productivity in cattle rearing throughout the production process, we highlight the potential for introducing a series of interventions that are aimed at saving water, while concurrently improving efficiency in milk production and live weight gain. These interventions should target the chain of production functions that are implemented throughout the process of water productivity in cattle rearing. Moreover, these interventions are of particular importance given our findings that livestock production depends largely upon rainfall, rather than groundwater, in an area afflicted with sustained droughts, overexploitation of groundwater resources and growing water scarcity.
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Leite KN, Cabello MJ, Valnir Júnior M, Tarjuelo JM, Domínguez A. Modelling sustainable salt water management under deficit irrigation conditions for melon in Spain and Brazil. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:2307-2318. [PMID: 25296534 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In water scarcity areas the use of saline water for irrigation is a common practice. In this study, experimental data from two two-year melon tests were collected for the calibration (2004 'Yellow Melon' (YeMe) type) and validation (2002 YeMe, 2005 and 2006 'Piel de Sapo' (PiSa) type) processes in melon crop simulation under deficit irrigation conditions using salt water. The simulations were carried out for Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) and Ceará (Brazil) using the MOPECO model, which includes optimized regulated deficit irrigation (ORDI) methodology. The objective was to determine the most suitable irrigation strategy for both areas. RESULTS Under fresh water conditions, ORDI may increase yield by up to 20% (PiSa) and 7% (YeMe) compared with constant deficit irrigation. Higher water deficit should be induced during the vegetative development and ripening stages. The rainfall between irrigation periods is able to leach the salts supplied by the irrigation water. CONCLUSION The combination of ORDI with different strategies for managing saline water may increase water use efficiency. In these areas it may be of interest not to apply the leaching fraction (saving up to 67% of irrigation water). However, leaching of the soluble salts accumulated before starting the most sensitive periods may be suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Leite
- Travessa Dom Jose Lourenço, 130, 60450-245, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - María J Cabello
- CA El Chaparrillo, Delegación Provincial Agricultura, C/Alarcos 21, E-13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - José M Tarjuelo
- Centro Regional de Estudios del Agua (CREA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ctra. de Las Peñas, km 3.2, E-02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Alfonso Domínguez
- Centro Regional de Estudios del Agua (CREA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ctra. de Las Peñas, km 3.2, E-02071, Albacete, Spain
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