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Czech K, Gaweł-Bęben K, Szopa A, Kukula-Koch W, Jakschitz T, Bonn G, Hussain S, Kubica P, Ekiert H, Głowniak K. Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Regulatory Activities of Extracts from Herb, Leaf and In Vitro Culture of Achillea millefolium (Yarrow). Molecules 2023; 28:4791. [PMID: 37375348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Achillea millefolium L. is one of the most known medicinal plants with a broad spectrum of applications in the treatment of inflammation, pain, microbial infections and gastrointestinal disorders. In recent years, the extracts from A. millefolium have also been applied in cosmetics with cleansing, moisturizing, shooting, conditioning and skin-lightening properties. The growing demand for naturally derived active substances, worsening environmental pollution and excessive use of natural resources are causing increased interest in the development of alternative methods for the production of plant-based ingredients. In vitro plant cultures are an eco-friendly tool for continuous production of desired plant metabolites, with increasing applicability in cosmetics and dietary supplements. The purpose of the study was to compare phytochemical composition and antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory properties of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts from A. millefolium obtained from field conditions (AmL and AmH extracts) and in vitro cultures (AmIV extracts). In vitro microshoot cultures of A. millefolium were obtained directly from seeds and harvested following 3 weeks of culture. Extracts prepared in water, 50% ethanol and 96% ethanol were compared for the total polyphenolic content, phytochemical content using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-hr-qTOF/MS), antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging assay and the influence on the activity of mushroom and murine tyrosinases. The phytochemical content of AmIV extracts was significantly different from AmL and AmH extracts. Most of the polyphenolic compounds identified in AmL and AmH extracts were present in AmIV extracts only in trace amounts and the major constituents presented in AmIV extracts were fatty acids. The total content of polyphenols in AmIV exceeded 0.25 mg GAE/g of dried extract, whereas AmL and AmH extracts contained from 0.46 ± 0.01 to 2.63 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g of dried extract, depending on the solvent used. The low content of polyphenols was most likely responsible for the low antioxidant activity of AmIV extracts (IC50 values in DPPH scavenging assay >400 µg/mL) and the lack of tyrosinase inhibitory properties. AmIV extracts increased the activity of mushroom tyrosinase and tyrosinase present in B16F10 murine melanoma cells, whereas AmL and AmH extracts showed significant inhibitory potential. The presented data indicated that microshoot cultures of A. millefolium require further experimental research before they can be implemented as a valuable raw material for the cosmetics industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Czech
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gaweł-Bęben
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Thomas Jakschitz
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Bonn
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Shah Hussain
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Głowniak
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
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Jafernik K, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Schisandra henryi-A Rare Species with High Medicinal Potential. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114333. [PMID: 37298808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandra henryi (Schisandraceae) is a plant species endemic to Yunnan Province in China and is little known in Europe and America. To date, few studies, mainly performed by Chinese researchers, have been conducted on S. henryi. The chemical composition of this plant is dominated by lignans (dibenzocyclooctadiene, aryltetralin, dibenzylbutane), polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids), triterpenoids, and nortriterpenoids. The research on the chemical profile of S. henryi showed a similar chemical composition to S. chinensis-a globally known pharmacopoeial species with valuable medicinal properties whichis the best-known species of the genus Schisandra. The whole genus is characterized by the presence of the aforementioned specific dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, known as "Schisandra lignans". This paper was intended to provide a comprehensive review of the scientific literature published on the research conducted on S. henryi, with particular emphasis on the chemical composition and biological properties. Recently, a phytochemical, biological, and biotechnological study conducted by our team highlighted the great potential of S. henryi in in vitro cultures. The biotechnological research revealed the possibilities of the use of biomass from S. henryi as an alternative to raw material that cannot be easily obtained from natural sites. Moreover, the characterization of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans specific to the Schisandraceae family was provided. Except for several scientific studies which have confirmed the most valuable pharmacological properties of these lignans, hepatoprotective and hepatoregenerative, this article also reviews studies that have confirmed the anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, cardioprotective, and anti-osteoporotic effects and their application for treating intestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jafernik
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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3
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Miceli N, Kwiecień I, Nicosia N, Speranza J, Ragusa S, Cavò E, Davì F, Taviano MF, Ekiert H. Improvement in the Biosynthesis of Antioxidant-Active Metabolites in In Vitro Cultures of Isatis tinctoria (Brassicaceae) by Biotechnological Methods/Elicitation and Precursor Feeding. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051111. [PMID: 37237977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the in vitro shoot culture of Isatis tinctoria L. and its ability to produce antioxidant bioactive compounds. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium variants, containing different concentrations (0.1-2.0 mg/L) of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were tested. Their influence on the growth of biomass, accumulation of phenolic compounds, and antioxidant potential was evaluated. To improve the phenolic content, agitated cultures (MS 1.0/1.0 mg/L BAP/NAA) were treated with different elicitors, including the following: Methyl Jasmonate, CaCl2, AgNO3, and yeast, as well as with L-Phenylalanine and L-Tyrosine-precursors of phenolic metabolites. The total phenolic content (TPC) of hydroalcoholic extracts (MeOH 70%) obtained from the biomass grown in vitro was determined spectrophotometrically; phenolic acids and flavonoids were quantified by RP-HPLC. Moreover, the antioxidant potential of extracts was examined through the DPPH test, the reducing power, and the Fe2+ chelating assays. The biomass extracts obtained after 72 h of supplementation with Tyr (2 g/L), as well as after 120 and 168 h with Tyr (1 g/L), were found to be the richest in TPC (49.37 ± 0.93, 58.65 ± 0.91, and 60.36 ± 4.97 mg GAE/g extract, respectively). Whereas among the elicitors, the highest TPC achieved was with CaCl2 (20 and 50 mM 24 h), followed by MeJa (50 and 100 µM, 120 h). The HPLC of the extracts led to the identification of six flavonoids and nine phenolic acids, with vicenin-2, isovitexin, syringic, and caffeic acids being the most abundant compounds. Notably, the amount of all flavonoids and phenolic acids detected in the elicited/precursor feeding biomass was higher than that of the leaves of the parental plant. The best chelating activity was found with the extract of biomass fed with Tyrosine 2 g/L, 72 h (IC50 0.27 ± 0.01 mg/mL), the strongest radical scavenging (DPPH test) for the extract obtained from biomass elicited with CaCl2 50 mM, after 24 h of incubation (25.14 ± 0.35 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g extract). In conclusion, the in vitro shoot culture of I. tinctoria supplemented with Tyrosine, as well as MeJa and/or CaCl2, could represent a biotechnological source of compounds with antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Inga Kwiecień
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Noemi Nicosia
- Foundation "Prof. Antonio Imbesi", University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jasmine Speranza
- Foundation "Prof. Antonio Imbesi", University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- PLANTA/Research, Documentation and Training Center, Via Serraglio Vecchio 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Emilia Cavò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Foundation "Prof. Antonio Imbesi", University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Davì
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Foundation "Prof. Antonio Imbesi", University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Sharafan M, Malinowska MA, Ekiert H, Kwaśniak B, Sikora E, Szopa A. Vitis vinifera (Vine Grape) as a Valuable Cosmetic Raw Material. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051372. [PMID: 37242614 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review refers to botanical, ecological and phytochemical characteristics of Vitis vinifera L. (vine grape)-a species, the valuable properties of which are widely exploited in the food industry and in recent times in medicine as well as in phytocosmetology. The general characteristic of V. vinifera, followed by the chemical composition and biological activities of different extracts obtained from the plant (fruit, skin, pomace, seed, leaf and stem extracts), are provided. A concise review of the extraction conditions of grape metabolites and the methods of their analysis are also presented. The biological activity of V. vinifera is determined by the presence of high contents of polyphenols, mainly flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol), catechin derivatives, anthocyanins and stilbenoids (e.g., trans-resveratrol, trans-ε-viniferin). The review pays particular attention to the application of V. vinifera in cosmetology. It has been proven that V. vinifera possesses strong cosmetological-related properties, such as anti-ageing properties, anti-inflammatory properties and skin-whitening properties. Moreover, a review of studies on V. vinifera biological activities, which are of particular interest for dermatologic problems, are disclosed. Furthermore, the work also emphasises the importance of biotechnological studies on V. vinifera. The last part of the review is addressed to the safety of the use of V. vinifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sharafan
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena A Malinowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Kwaśniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sikora
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Kwiecień I, Łukaszyk A, Miceli N, Taviano MF, Davì F, Kędzia E, Ekiert H. In Vitro Cultures of Scutellaria brevibracteata subsp. subvelutina as a Source of Bioactive Phenolic Metabolites. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041785. [PMID: 36838774 PMCID: PMC9964101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the more than 350 Scutellaria species, such as S. baicalensis and S. lateriflora, have been used in traditional medicine and today play an important role in official phytotherapy. Other species have been less investigated, and their therapeutic potential is unknown. This is one of the few studies on Scutellaria brevibracteata subsp. subvelutina, and the first research of this species' in vitro cultures. The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro culture and analyse its phytochemical profile and biological activity. In the methanolic extracts from biomass cultured on six solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium variants supplemented with different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in the range 0.5-3 mg/L analysed by HPLC, the presence of specific flavonoids (baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside, scutellarin, chrysin), phenylpropanoid glycosides (verbascoside, isoverbascoside), and phenolic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, ferulic, m-coumaric acids) was confirmed. The dominant metabolites were wogonoside and verbascoside with the highest content of 346 and 457 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Thus, the extract with the highest content of bioactive metabolites was selected for further research and subjected to evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. The extract exhibited good free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.92 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and moderate reducing power and chelating activity. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay proved its lack of biotoxicity. Antimicrobial activity was tested against sixteen strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The strongest growth inhibitory activity was observed against Trichophyton tonsurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Kwiecień
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra Łukaszyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Davì
- Foundation “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Elżbieta Kędzia
- Department of Bioproducts Engineering, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, National Research Institute, 71B Wojska Polskiego St., 60-630 Poznań, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Ekiert H, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Szopa A. Paeonia × suffruticosa (Moutan Peony)-A Review of the Chemical Composition, Traditional and Professional Use in Medicine, Position in Cosmetics Industries, and Biotechnological Studies. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11233379. [PMID: 36501418 PMCID: PMC9739549 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to perform a systematic review of scientific papers and an in-depth analysis of the latest research related to Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews as a valuable plant species, important in pharmacy and cosmetology. P. × suffruticosa bark root-Moutan cortex is a medicinal raw material formerly known from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) but less common in official European medicine. It was introduced for the first time in the European Pharmacopoeia Supplement 9.4 in 2018. In this work, the numerous possible applications of this raw material were depicted based on modern professional pharmacological studies documenting its very valuable medicinal values, including antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective activities. The scientific studies indicated that the profile of raw material activity is mainly due to paeonol, paeoniflorin and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose. Moreover, the significance of this plant (its different organs) in the production of cosmetics was underlined. P. × suffruticosa finds increasing application in cosmetology due to research on its chronic dermatitis, anti-aging and brightening effects. Furthermore, some biotechnological research has been described aimed at developing effective in vitro micropropagation protocols for P. × suffruticosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Aesthetic Surgery, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Jan Kochanowski University, al. IX Wieków Kielc 19a, 25-516 Kielce, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.-S.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-12-620-54-36 (A.S.); Fax: +48-620-54-40 (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.-S.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-12-620-54-36 (A.S.); Fax: +48-620-54-40 (A.S.)
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Sharafan M, Mailnowska M, Ekiert H, Sikora E, Szopa A. The use of star anise (Illicium verum) and trans-anethole in cosmetology. Farm Pol 2022. [DOI: 10.32383/farmpol/151595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dobrowolska E, Motyka S, Szopa A, Ekiert H. Achyranthes bidentata (ox knee) - botanical, ecological, phytochemical characteristics and use in medicine. Farm Pol 2022. [DOI: 10.32383/farmpol/146835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kubica P, Kokotkiewicz A, Malinowska MA, Synowiec A, Gniewosz M, Hussain S, Yaqoob M, Bonn GK, Jakschitz T, Mahmoud EA, El-Abedin TKZ, Elansary HO, Luczkiewicz M, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Phenylpropanoid Glycoside and Phenolic Acid Profiles and Biological Activities of Biomass Extracts from Different Types of Verbena officinalis Microshoot Cultures and Soil-Grown Plant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020409. [PMID: 35204291 PMCID: PMC8868826 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of microshoot cultures (agar, stationary liquid, agitated, and bioreactors) of Verbena officinalis were optimized for biomass growth and the production of phenylpropanoid glycosides and phenolic acids. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the presence of verbascoside, isoverbascoside, leucoseptoside A/isomers, and cistanoside D/isomer was confirmed in the methanolic extracts obtained from all types of in vitro cultures. The compound’s content was determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The main metabolites in biomass extracts were verbascoside and isoverbascoside (maximum 4881.61 and 451.80 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)). In the soil-grown plant extract, verbascoside was also dominated (1728.97 mg/100 g DW). The content of phenolic acids in the analyzed extracts was below 24 mg/100 g DW. The highest radical scavenging activity was found in the biomass extract from agitated cultures, the most effective reducing power in agar culture extract, and the highest chelating activity in extract from bioreactor cultures. The extracts showed significantly stronger bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.3–2.2 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.6–9 mg/mL) than against Gram-negative bacteria (MIC 0.6–9 mg/mL, MBC of 0.6–18 mg/mL). The biomass extract from liquid stationary culture showed the strongest antibacterial activity, while the extract from soil-grown herb had the lowest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kubica
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Adam Kokotkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Magdalena Anna Malinowska
- Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Alicja Synowiec
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Gniewosz
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Shah Hussain
- ADSI—Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (M.Y.); (G.K.B.); (T.J.)
| | - Muhammad Yaqoob
- ADSI—Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (M.Y.); (G.K.B.); (T.J.)
| | - Günther K. Bonn
- ADSI—Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (M.Y.); (G.K.B.); (T.J.)
| | - Thomas Jakschitz
- ADSI—Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (M.Y.); (G.K.B.); (T.J.)
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt;
| | - Tarek K. Zin El-Abedin
- Department of Agriculture & Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maria Luczkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (H.E.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-12-620-5430 (H.E.); +48-12-620-5436 (A.S.); Fax: +48-620-5440 (H.E. & A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (H.E.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-12-620-5430 (H.E.); +48-12-620-5436 (A.S.); Fax: +48-620-5440 (H.E. & A.S.)
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Motyka S, Koc K, Ekiert H, Blicharska E, Czarnek K, Szopa A. The Current State of Knowledge on Salvia hispanica and Salviae hispanicae semen (Chia Seeds). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041207. [PMID: 35208997 PMCID: PMC8877361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chia seeds (Salviae hispanicae semen) are obtained from Salvia hispanica L. This raw material is distinguished by its rich chemical composition and valuable nutritional properties. It is currently referred to as “health food”. The purpose of the present work was to perform a literature review on S. hispanica and chia seeds, focusing on their chemical composition, biological properties, dietary importance, and medicinal uses. The valuable biological properties of chia seeds are related to their rich chemical composition, with particularly high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, polyphenols, as well as vitamins and bioelements. The available scientific literature indicates the cardioprotective, hypotensive, antidiabetic, and antiatherosclerotic effects of this raw material. In addition, studies based on in vitro assays and animal and human models have proven that chia seeds are characterized by neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. These properties indicate a valuable role of chia in the prevention of civilization diseases. Chia seeds are increasingly popular in functional food and cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. That is attributed not only to their desirable chemical composition and biological activity but also to their high availability. Nevertheless, S. hispanica is also the object of specific biotechnological studies aimed at elaboration of micropropagation protocols of this plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Motyka
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.M.); (K.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Katarzyna Koc
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.M.); (K.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.M.); (K.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-814487182 (E.B.); +48-126205430 (A.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Czarnek
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health Sciences in Lublin, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.M.); (K.K.); (H.E.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-814487182 (E.B.); +48-126205430 (A.S.)
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Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Dziurka M, Blažević I, Đulović A, Apola A, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Correction to: Impacts of elicitors on metabolite production and on antioxidant potential and tyrosinase inhibition in watercress microshoot cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1781. [PMID: 35106637 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Aesthetic Surgery, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Jan Kochanowski University, Stefana Żeromskiego 5, 25-369, Kielce, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Azra Đulović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Anna Apola
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Sharafan M, Jafernik K, Ekiert H, Kubica P, Kocjan R, Blicharska E, Szopa A. Illicium verum (Star Anise) and Trans-Anethole as Valuable Raw Materials for Medicinal and Cosmetic Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030650. [PMID: 35163914 PMCID: PMC8839413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Illicium verum Hook f. (star anise) is considered an important species in Traditional Chinese Medicine and is also used in contemporary medicine in East Asian countries. It occurs in natural habitats in southeastern parts of China and Vietnam, and is cultivated in various regions in China. The raw materials—Anisi stellati fructus and Anisi stellati aetheroleum obtained from this species exhibit expectorant and spasmolytic activities. The European Pharmacopoeia (4th edition) indicates that these raw materials have been used in allopathy since 2002. The biological activities of the above-mentioned raw materials are determined by the presence of valuable secondary metabolites such as monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids. Recent pharmacological studies on fruit extracts and the essential oil of this species have confirmed their antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities and thus their medicinal and cosmetic value. The aim of this review was to examine the progress of phytochemical and pharmacological studies that focused on possible cosmetic applications. In addition to fruit extracts and essential oil, the current consensus on the safety of trans-anethole, which is the main compound of essential oil used in cosmetology, is underlined here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sharafan
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.J.); (H.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Karolina Jafernik
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.J.); (H.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.J.); (H.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.J.); (H.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Ryszard Kocjan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-814-487-182 (E.B.); +48-126-205-430 (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.J.); (H.E.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-814-487-182 (E.B.); +48-126-205-430 (A.S.)
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Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Dziurka M, Blažević I, Đulović A, Apola A, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Impacts of elicitors on metabolite production and on antioxidant potential and tyrosinase inhibition in watercress microshoot cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:619-633. [PMID: 34985568 PMCID: PMC8763773 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The study has proved the stimulating effects of different strategies of treatments with elicitors on the production of glucosinolates (GSLs), flavonoids, polyphenols, saccharides, and photosynthetic pigments in watercress (Nasturtium officinale) microshoot cultures. The study also assessed antioxidant and anti-melanin activities. The following elicitors were tested: ethephon (ETH), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), sodium salicylate (NaSA), and yeast extract (YeE) and were added on day 10 of the growth period. Cultures not treated with the elicitor were used as control. The total GSL content estimations and UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS analyses showed that elicitation influenced the qualitative and quantitative profiles of GSLs. MeJA stimulated the production of gluconasturtiin (68.34 mg/100 g dried weight (DW)) and glucobrassicin (65.95 mg/100 g DW). The elicitation also increased flavonoid accumulation (max. 1131.33 mg/100 g DW, for 100 μM NaSA, collection after 24 h). The elicitors did not boost the total polyphenol content. NaSA at 100 μM increased the production of total chlorophyll a and b (5.7 times after 24 h of treatment), and 50 μM NaSA caused a 6.5 times higher production of carotenoids after 8 days of treatment. The antioxidant potential (assessed with the CUPRAC FRAP and DPPH assays) increased most after 24 h of treatment with 100 μM MeJA. The assessment of anti-melanin activities showed that the microshoot extracts were able to cause inhibition of tyrosinase (max. 27.84% for 1250 µg/mL). KEY POINTS: • Elicitation stimulated of the metabolite production in N. officinale microshoots. • High production of pro-health glucosinolates and polyphenols was obtained. • N. officinale microshoots have got tyrosinase inhibition potential. • The antioxidant potential of N. officinale microshoots was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Aesthetic Surgery, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Jan Kochanowski University, Stefana Żeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Azra Đulović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Anna Apola
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Motyka S, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Chemical composition, biological activity and utilization of chia seeds (Salviae hispanicae semen). Farm Pol 2021. [DOI: 10.32383/farmpol/145400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Makowski W, Królicka A, Tokarz B, Miernicka K, Kołton A, Pięta Ł, Malek K, Ekiert H, Szopa A, Tokarz KM. Response of physiological parameters in Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis teratomas transformed with rolB oncogene. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:564. [PMID: 34844562 PMCID: PMC8628454 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant transformation with rol oncogenes derived from wild strains of Rhizobium rhizogenes is a popular biotechnology tool. Transformation effects depend on the type of rol gene, expression level, and the number of gene copies incorporated into the plant's genomic DNA. Although rol oncogenes are known as inducers of plant secondary metabolism, little is known about the physiological response of plants subjected to transformation. RESULTS In this study, the physiological consequences of rolB oncogene incorporation into the DNA of Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis was evaluated at the level of primary and secondary metabolism. Examination of the teratoma (transformed shoots) cultures of two different clones (K and L) showed two different strategies for dealing with the presence of the rolB gene. Clone K showed an increased ratio of free fatty acids to lipids, superoxide dismutase activity, synthesis of the oxidised form of glutathione, and total pool of glutathione and carotenoids, in comparison to non-transformed plants (control). Clone L was characterised by increased accumulation of malondialdehyde, proline, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, total pool of glutathione, ratio of reduced form of glutathione to oxidised form, and accumulation of selected phenolic acids. Moreover, clone L had an enhanced ratio of total triglycerides to lipids and accumulated saccharose, fructose, glucose, and tyrosine. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that plant transformation with the rolB oncogene derived from R. rhizogenes induces a pleiotropic effect in plant tissue after transformation. Examination of D. muscipula plant in the context of transformation with wild strains of R. rhizogenes can be a new source of knowledge about primary and secondary metabolites in transgenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Makowski
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Królicka
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Miernicka
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kołton
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pięta
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Faculty of Chemistry, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Faculty of Chemistry, Krakow, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Michał Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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Maciąg D, Dobrowolska E, Sharafan M, Ekiert H, Tomczyk M, Szopa A. Akebia quinata and Akebia trifoliata - a review of phytochemical composition, ethnopharmacological approaches and biological studies. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 280:114486. [PMID: 34352331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 'Akebia stem' (Akebiae caulis) is one of the newest raw materials officially introduced into therapeutic practice from traditional Chinese medicine. A monograph on this material appeared for the first time in 2018 in Supplement 9.6 to the 9th edition of the European Pharmacopoeia. In the latest 10th edition of the European Pharmacopoeia, the monograph remained unchanged. The 'Akebia stem' monograph allows the use, as a raw material, of Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne., A. trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz, or a mixture of the two species. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this work is a detailed review of the scientific literature on the genus Akebia (family Lardizabalaceae), with particular emphasis on A. quinata and A. trifoliata, providing information on the botanical, ecological, and chemical characteristics of these species. Professional research on their biological activity has been reviewed. The attention is given to phytochemistry and cosmetology. The traditional use of Akebia species and their potential use in medicine and cosmetology are assessed. In addition, individual papers describing biotechnology research on in vitro cultures of the two Akebia species are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS The presented botanical, ecological, phytochemical and biotechnological characterization is based on a thorough review of published scientific research. It is a compilation and evaluation of data on the chemical composition and biological activities of these Akebia species. RESULTS This critical review of phytochemical studies demonstrates that triterpenoid saponins are dominant secondary metabolites of these species. A comparative analysis of phytochemical studies on A. quinata and A. trifoliata stems, roots, fruits, and seeds showed differences in metabolites based on the plant parts and species. The triterpenoid saponins mutongsaponin C and saponin Pj1 have been found only in A. trifoliata, whereas the phenolic glycoside 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has been found only in A. quinata. Biological activity studies of A. quinata stem, leaf and/or fruit extracts have confirmed diuretic, hepatoregenerative, neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects and an influence on ethanol metabolism. Different action profiles have been demonstrated for A. trifoliata stem, leaf and/or fruit extracts. Studies have proven the antibacterial and anticancer (liver and stomach) effects of these species. This review presents potential phytopharmacological applications of both species and detailed data on their broad applications in cosmetology. Attention is also drawn to information on the safety of using Akebia. Finally, an overview of biotechnology research on both species is presented. CONCLUSIONS This review provides comprehensive knowledge about the ethnopharmacological use of Akebia species. Moreover, new findings on the differences in the chemical composition and biological activity profiles are underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Maciąg
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Dobrowolska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Sharafan
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Patra JK, Singh YD, Panda MK, Das G, Adetunji CO, Michael OS, Sytar O, Polito L, Živković J, Cruz-Martins N, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Ekiert H, Choudhary MI, Ayatollahi SA, Tynybekov B, Kobarfard F, Muntean AC, Grozea I, Daştan SD, Butnariu M, Szopa A, Calina D. Paclitaxel: Application in Modern Oncology and Nanomedicine-Based Cancer Therapy. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:3687700. [PMID: 34707776 PMCID: PMC8545549 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3687700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a broad-spectrum anticancer compound, which was derived mainly from a medicinal plant, in particular, from the bark of the yew tree Taxus brevifolia Nutt. It is a representative of a class of diterpene taxanes, which are nowadays used as the most common chemotherapeutic agent against many forms of cancer. It possesses scientifically proven anticancer activity against, e.g., ovarian, lung, and breast cancers. The application of this compound is difficult because of limited solubility, recrystalization upon dilution, and cosolvent-induced toxicity. In these cases, nanotechnology and nanoparticles provide certain advantages such as increased drug half-life, lowered toxicity, and specific and selective delivery over free drugs. Nanodrugs possess the capability to buildup in the tissue which might be linked to enhanced permeability and retention as well as enhanced antitumour influence possessing minimal toxicity in normal tissues. This article presents information about paclitaxel, its chemical structure, formulations, mechanism of action, and toxicity. Attention is drawn on nanotechnology, the usefulness of nanoparticles containing paclitaxel, its opportunities, and also future perspective. This review article is aimed at summarizing the current state of continuous pharmaceutical development and employment of nanotechnology in the enhancement of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of paclitaxel as a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yengkhom Disco Singh
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 791102 Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manasa Kumar Panda
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751013 Odisha, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, PMB 04, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Samuel Michael
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra 94976, Slovakia
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jelena Živković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bekzat Tynybekov
- Department of Biodiversity of Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ana Covilca Muntean
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Grozea
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Osuchowska-Grochowska I, Blicharska E, Gogacz M, Nogalska A, Winkler I, Szopa A, Ekiert H, Tymczyna-Borowicz B, Rahnama-Hezavah M, Grochowski C. Brief Review of Endometriosis and the Role of Trace Elements. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11098. [PMID: 34681755 PMCID: PMC8540211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory condition that is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Despite the progress in research into the mechanisms leading to the development of endometriosis, its cause has not yet been established. It seems to be possible that the formation of oxidative stress may be one of the main causes of the development of endometriosis. There is much research that studies the potential role of trace elements in the appearance of endometrial-like lesions. Most studies focus on assessing the content of selected trace elements in the blood, urine, or peritoneal fluid in women with endometriosis. Meanwhile, little is known about the content of these elements in endometrial-like implants, which may be helpful in developing the theory of endometriosis. Investigations that are more comprehensive are needed to confirm a hypothesis that some trace elements play a role in the pathomechanism of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marek Gogacz
- 2nd Department of Gynecology, Lublin Medical University, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Nogalska
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Winkler
- 2nd Department of Gynecology, St John’s Center Oncology, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagielonian University, Collegium Medicum, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagielonian University, Collegium Medicum, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Barbara Tymczyna-Borowicz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Cezary Grochowski
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
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Kikowska M, Thiem B, Jafernik K, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Studzińska-Sroka E, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Effect of Elicitation with (+)-Usnic Acid on Accumulation of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids in Agitated Microshoots of Eryngium alpinum L. Molecules 2021; 26:5532. [PMID: 34577004 PMCID: PMC8465747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was aimed at studying the potential of elicitation on the accumulation of phenolic compounds in in vitro shoot cultures of Eryngium alpinum L., a protected plant from the Apiaceae family. The study examined the influence of (+)-usnic acid on the biomass growth as well as on the biosynthesis of the desired flavonoids and phenolic acids in the cultured microshoots. The phenolic compound content was determined by HPLC-DAD. The flavonoid of the highest concentration was isoquercetin, and the phenolic acids of the highest amount were rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, both in the non-elicited and elicited biomass. Isoquercetin accumulation was efficiently increased by a longer elicitation with a lower concentration of lichenic compound (107.17 ± 4.67 mg/100 g DW) or a shorter elicitation with a higher concentration of acid (127.54 ± 11.34 and 108.37 ± 12.1 mg/100 g DW). Rosmarinic acid production generally remained high in all elicited and non-elicited microshoots. The highest content of this acid was recorded at 24 h of elicitation with 3.125 µM usnic acid (512.69 ± 4.89 mg/100 g DW). The process of elicitation with (+)-usnic acid, a well-known lichenic compound with allelopathic nature, may therefore be an effective technique of enhancing phenolic compound accumulation in alpine eryngo microshoot biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Barbara Thiem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Karolina Jafernik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (M.K.-S.); (H.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (M.K.-S.); (H.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, 4 Święcickiego St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (M.K.-S.); (H.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (M.K.-S.); (H.E.); (A.S.)
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20
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Mukazhanova Z, Knut E, Turgumbayeva A, Kipchakbayeva A, Seitimova G, Mahomoodally MF, Lobine D, Koay A, Wang J, Sheridan H, Leyva-Gómez G, Prado-Audelo MLD, Cortes H, Rescigno A, Zucca P, Sytar O, Imran M, Rodrigues CF, Cruz-Martins N, Ekiert H, Kumar M, Abdull Razis AF, Sunusi U, Kamal RM, Szopa A. Resveratrol-Based Nanoformulations as an Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:649395. [PMID: 34540888 PMCID: PMC8440914 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.649395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic stilbene derivative widely present in grapes and red wine. Broadly known for its antioxidant effects, numerous studies have also indicated that it exerts anti-inflammatory and antiaging abilities and a great potential in cancer therapy. Regrettably, the oral administration of resveratrol has pharmacokinetic and physicochemical limitations such as hampering its effects so that effective administration methods are demanding to ensure its efficiency. Thus, the present review explores the published data on the application of resveratrol nanoformulations in cancer therapy, with the use of different types of nanodelivery systems. Mechanisms of action with a potential use in cancer therapy, negative effects, and the influence of resveratrol nanoformulations in different types of cancer are also highlighted. Finally, the toxicological features of nanoresveratrol are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Zhazira Mukazhanova
- Department of Natural Sciences and Technologies, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
| | - Ewa Knut
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aknur Turgumbayeva
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, School Pharmacy, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Higher School of Medicine, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aliya Kipchakbayeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnaz Seitimova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Devina Lobine
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Aaron Koay
- Trinity College Dublin, NatPro (Natural Products Research Centre), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jinfan Wang
- Trinity College Dublin, NatPro (Natural Products Research Centre), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Sheridan
- Trinity College Dublin, NatPro (Natural Products Research Centre), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María L. Del Prado-Audelo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortes
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Célia F. Rodrigues
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR – Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usman Sunusi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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21
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Cavusoglu S, Uzun Y, Yilmaz N, Ercisli S, Eren E, Ekiert H, Elansary HO, Szopa A. Maintaining the Quality and Storage Life of Button Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) with Gum, Agar, Sodium Alginate, Egg White Protein, and Lecithin Coating. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080614. [PMID: 34436153 PMCID: PMC8397041 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Button mushrooms have a very short shelf life after harvesting and are sensitive to mechanical damage and browning. This can be a severe problem in enlarging the market and the long-distance exportation of this product. In this respect, edible coatings could be an alternative treatment to extend the shelf life of button mushrooms, maintaining their quality during long-term storage. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of gum, agar, sodium alginate, egg white protein, and lecithin on the postharvest weight loss, color, browning, respiration rate, ethylene production, and storage life of button mushrooms. The results showed that the above-mentioned edible coatings are a promising way to extend the life and maintain the quality of button mushrooms. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the control and edible coating-treated samples in all parameters. Sodium alginate and gum were more effective in preventing weight loss, coloring, and browning than other edible coatings. On the other hand, the respiration rate and ethylene production were more suppressed by the agar and lecithin coatings compared to the others. In conclusion, it can be recommended that the above-mentioned edible coatings could be used as novel coatings in commercial treatments for maintaining the quality of button mushrooms during a long-term storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Cavusoglu
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65080, Turkey; (S.C.); (N.Y.)
| | - Yusuf Uzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van 65080, Turkey;
| | - Nurettin Yilmaz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65080, Turkey; (S.C.); (N.Y.)
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-442-231-2599
| | - Erkan Eren
- Bergama Technical and Business College, Mushroom Programme, Ege University, Izmir 35700, Turkey;
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (H.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (H.E.); (A.S.)
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22
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Ekiert H, Świątkowska J, Klin P, Rzepiela A, Szopa A. Artemisia annua - Importance in Traditional Medicine and Current State of Knowledge on the Chemistry, Biological Activity and Possible Applications. Planta Med 2021; 87:584-599. [PMID: 33482666 DOI: 10.1055/a-1345-9528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia annua (annual mugwort) is a species that has long been used in traditional Asian medicine, mainly Chinese and Hindu. The species is widespread and known as a medicinal plant not only in Asia but also in Europe, in both Americas, and Australia. The species has become a subject of particular interest due to the 2015 Nobel Prize awarded for detecting the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin in it and proving its antimalarial activities. The raw materials obtained from this species are Artemisiae annuae folium and Artemisiae annuae herba. The leaves are a raw material in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia. Both raw materials are in the International Pharmacopoeia published by the WHO. The main components of these raw materials are mainly specific sesquiterpene lactones, essential oil, flavonoids, coumarins, and phenolic acids. In traditional Asian medicine, the species is used, for example, in the treatment of jaundice and bacterial dysentery, as an antipyretic agent in malaria and tuberculosis, in the treatment of wounds and haemorrhoids, and in viral, bacterial, and autoimmune diseases. Professional pharmacological studies conducted today have confirmed its known traditional applications and explain previously unknown mechanisms of its biological action and have also found evidence of new directions of biological activity, including, among others, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antitumour, and nephroprotective activities. The species is of growing importance in the cosmetics industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Świątkowska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Klin
- Family Medicine Clinic, Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ) Burgbernheim GmbH, Burgbernheim, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Rzepiela
- Museum of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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23
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Butnariu M, Rotariu LS, Sytar O, Sestito S, Rapposelli S, Akram M, Iqbal M, Krishna A, Kumar NVA, Braga SS, Cardoso SM, Jafernik K, Ekiert H, Cruz-Martins N, Szopa A, Villagran M, Mardones L, Martorell M, Docea AO, Calina D. Chitosan nanoparticles as a promising tool in nanomedicine with particular emphasis on oncological treatment. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:318. [PMID: 34167552 PMCID: PMC8223345 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study describes the current state of knowledge on nanotechnology and its utilization in medicine. The focus in this manuscript was on the properties, usage safety, and potentially valuable applications of chitosan-based nanomaterials. Chitosan nanoparticles have high importance in nanomedicine, biomedical engineering, discovery and development of new drugs. The manuscript reviewed the new studies regarding the use of chitosan-based nanoparticles for creating new release systems with improved bioavailability, increased specificity and sensitivity, and reduced pharmacological toxicity of drugs. Nowadays, effective cancer treatment is a global problem, and recent advances in nanomedicine are of great importance. Special attention was put on the application of chitosan nanoparticles in developing new system for anticancer drug delivery. Pre-clinical and clinical studies support the use of chitosan-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine. This manuscript overviews the last progresses regarding the utilization, stability, and bioavailability of drug nanoencapsulation with chitosan and their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, 1110939 Iquique, Chile
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” From Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timis, Romania
| | - Lia Sanda Rotariu
- Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” From Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timis, Romania
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01033 Ukraine
| | - Simona Sestito
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, 94976 Slovak Republic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, 94976 Slovak Republic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqbal
- Institute of Health Management, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Akash Krishna
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 India
| | | | - Susana S. Braga
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Karolina Jafernik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcelo Villagran
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratory and Scientific-Technological Center for the Sustainable Development of the Coastline, Universidad Catolica de La Santisima Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Lorena Mardones
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratory and Scientific-Technological Center for the Sustainable Development of the Coastline, Universidad Catolica de La Santisima Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Ekiert H, Knut E, Świątkowska J, Klin P, Rzepiela A, Tomczyk M, Szopa A. Artemisia abrotanum L. (Southern Wormwood)-History, Current Knowledge on the Chemistry, Biological Activity, Traditional Use and Possible New Pharmaceutical and Cosmetological Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092503. [PMID: 33923002 PMCID: PMC8123286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia abrotanum L. (southern wormwood) is a plant species with an important position in the history of European and Asian medicine. It is a species famous as a medicinal plant in Central Asia, Asia Minor, and in South-East and Central Europe. The raw materials obtained from this species are Abrotani herba and Abrotani folium. In the traditional European medicine, they have been used successfully most of all in liver and biliary tract diseases, in parasitic diseases in children and as antipyretic medication. In the official European medicine, this plant species is recommended by the French Pharmacopoeia for use in homeopathy. In many European countries, it is used traditionally in allopathy. The latest studies on the biological activity of extracts from the aboveground parts of the plant and/or the leaves, and/or the essential oil have provided evidence of other possible applications related to their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, and antiallergic properties. The latest studies have also focused on the repellent activity of the essential oil of this species and the possibility to use it in the prevention of diseases in which insects are the vectors. The main substances obtained from the plant that are responsible for this activity are: the essential oil, coumarins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Some of the latest investigations emphasize the large differences in the composition of the essential oil, determined by the geographical (climatic) origin of the plant. A. abrotanum is recommended by the European Cosmetic Ingredients Database (CosIng) as a source of valuable cosmetic ingredients. Additionally, the leaves of this species possess a well-established position in the food industry. This plant species is also the object of biotechnological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.K.); (J.Ś.)
- Correspondence: (H.E.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-12-620-54-36 (H.E.); +48-12-620-54-30 (A.S.); Fax: +48-620-54-40 (H.E. & A.S.)
| | - Ewa Knut
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.K.); (J.Ś.)
| | - Joanna Świątkowska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.K.); (J.Ś.)
| | - Paweł Klin
- Family Medicine Clinic, Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ) Burgbernheim GmbH, Gruene Baumgasse 2, 91593 Burgbernheim, Germany;
| | - Agnieszka Rzepiela
- Museum of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Floriańska 25, 31-019 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.K.); (J.Ś.)
- Correspondence: (H.E.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-12-620-54-36 (H.E.); +48-12-620-54-30 (A.S.); Fax: +48-620-54-40 (H.E. & A.S.)
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25
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Ekiert H, Świątkowska J, Knut E, Klin P, Rzepiela A, Tomczyk M, Szopa A. Artemisia dracunculus (Tarragon): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653993. [PMID: 33927629 PMCID: PMC8076785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon), Asteraceae, is a species that has long been used in traditional Asian medicine, mainly in Iran, Pakistan, Azerbaijan and India. It is known as a spice species in Asia, Europe and the Americas. The raw materials obtained from this species are herb and leaf. The presence of essential oil with a highly variable composition, as well as flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins and alkamides, determines the medicinal and/or spice properties of the plant. In traditional Asian medicine, this species is used, for example, in the treatment of digestive system diseases, as an analgesic, hypnotic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent, and as an effective remedy in the treatment of helminthiasis. Nowadays, A. dracunculus is the subject of professional phytochemical and pharmacological researches. Pharmacological studies have confirmed its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects known from traditional uses; they have also proved very important new findings regarding its biological activity, such as antioxidant, immunomodulating and anti-tumour activities, as well as hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic effects. A. dracunculus has long-held an established position in the food industry as a spice. And its use is growing in the cosmetics industry. Moreover, it is the subject of biotechnological research focused mainly on the development of micro-propagation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Świątkowska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Knut
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Klin
- Family Medicine Clinic, Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ) Burgbernheim GmbH, Burgbernheim, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Rzepiela
- Museum of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Dziurka M, Kubica P, Kwiecień I, Biesaga-Kościelniak J, Ekiert H, Abdelmohsen SAM, Al-Harbi FF, El-Ansary DO, Elansary HO, Szopa A. In Vitro Cultures of Some Medicinal Plant Species ( Cistus × incanus, Verbena officinalis, Scutellaria lateriflora, and Scutellaria baicalensis) as a Rich Potential Source of Antioxidants-Evaluation by CUPRAC and QUENCHER-CUPRAC Assays. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10030454. [PMID: 33673698 PMCID: PMC7997460 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Comparative estimations of the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from biomasses of different types of in vitro cultures of Cistus × incanus, Verbena officinalis, Scutellaria lateriflora, and S. baicalensis and also from plant raw materials were performed. The antioxidant measurements were based on the modern assays-cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and quick, easy, new, cheap, and reproducible CUPRAC (QUENCHER-CUPRAC). The total extractable antioxidants (CUPRAC assay) ranged from 10.4 to 49.7 mmol (100 g)-1 of dry weight (DW) expressed as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and the global antioxidant response (QUENCHER-CUPRAC assay) ranged from 16.0 to 79.1 mmol (100 g)-1 DW for in vitro cultures, whereas for plant raw materials the total extractable antioxidants ranged from 20.9 to 69.5 mmol (100 g)-1 DW, and the global antioxidant response ranged from 67.2 to 97.8 mmol (100 g)-1 DW. Finally, the in vitro cultures could be regarded as an antioxidant-rich alternative resource for the pharmaceutical, health food and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (J.B.-K.)
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (I.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Inga Kwiecień
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (I.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Jolanta Biesaga-Kościelniak
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (J.B.-K.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (I.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.M.A.); (F.F.A.-H.)
| | - Fatemah F. Al-Harbi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.M.A.); (F.F.A.-H.)
| | - Diaa O. El-Ansary
- Precision Agriculture Laboratory, Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (I.K.); (H.E.)
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Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Dziurka M, Blažević I, Đulović A, Granica S, Korona-Glowniak I, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Phytochemical and Biological Activity Studies on Nasturtium officinale (Watercress) Microshoot Cultures Grown in RITA ® Temporary Immersion Systems. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225257. [PMID: 33187324 PMCID: PMC7696031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main compounds in both extracts were gluconasturtiin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and rutoside, the amounts of which were, respectively, determined as 182.93, 58.86 and 23.24 mg/100 g dry weight (DW) in biomass extracts and 640.94, 23.47 and 7.20 mg/100 g DW in plant herb extracts. The antioxidant potential of all the studied extracts evaluated using CUPRAC (CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Activity), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma), and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays was comparable. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was tested based on the inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and phospholipase A2. The results demonstrate significantly higher inhibition of COX-2 for in vitro cultured biomass compared with the herb extracts (75.4 and 41.1%, respectively). Moreover, all the studied extracts showed almost similar antibacterial and antifungal potential. Based on these findings, and due to the fact that the growth of in vitro microshoots is independent of environmental conditions and unaffected by environmental pollution, we propose that biomass that can be rapidly grown in RITA® bioreactors can serve as an alternative source of bioactive compounds with valuable biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-S.); (H.E.)
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.B.); (A.Đ.)
| | - Azra Đulović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.B.); (A.Đ.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis and Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Izabela Korona-Glowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-S.); (H.E.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-S.); (H.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-620-5436
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Kubica P, Szopa A, Dominiak J, Luczkiewicz M, Ekiert H. Verbena officinalis (Common Vervain) - A Review on the Investigations of This Medicinally Important Plant Species. Planta Med 2020; 86:1241-1257. [PMID: 32937665 DOI: 10.1055/a-1232-5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Verbena officinalis (common vervain) is a medicinal plant species widely distributed in the world and commonly used in folk medicine of different countries, including traditional Chinese medicine. Monographs on "Verbenae herba" have been included in the European Pharmacopoeia since 2008, and in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia since 1995. This work presents botanical characteristics of this species. It reviews the current knowledge of its chemical composition, which is a rich source mostly of iridoids, phenylpropanoid glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oil. A large part of this article summarizes traditional medicinal uses and professional pharmacological in vitro and in vivo studies that prove new important applications, e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective anticancer, analgesic, or anticonvulsant of verbena herb extracts and individual metabolites. Moreover, emphasis is put on the use of V. officinalis in the food and cosmetics industries, especially due to its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, and the presence of essential oil with an attractive fragrance composition. This paper also presents the state of biotechnological studies of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kubica
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Dominiak
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Luczkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Szopa A, Pajor J, Klin P, Rzepiela A, Elansary HO, Al-Mana FA, Mattar MA, Ekiert H. Artemisia absinthium L.-Importance in the History of Medicine, the Latest Advances in Phytochemistry and Therapeutical, Cosmetological and Culinary Uses. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9091063. [PMID: 32825178 PMCID: PMC7570121 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia absinthium-wormwood (Asteraceae)-is a very important species in the history of medicine, formerly described in medieval Europe as "the most important master against all exhaustions". It is a species known as a medicinal plant in Europe and also in West Asia and North America. The raw material obtained from this species is Absinthii herba and Artemisiae absinthii aetheroleum. The main substances responsible for the biological activity of the herb are: the essential oil, bitter sesquiterpenoid lactones, flavonoids, other bitterness-imparting compounds, azulenes, phenolic acids, tannins and lignans. In the official European medicine, the species is used in both allopathy and homeopathy. In the traditional Asian and European medicine, it has been used as an effective agent in gastrointestinal ailments and also in the treatment of helminthiasis, anaemia, insomnia, bladder diseases, difficult-to-heal wounds, and fever. Today, numerous other directions of biological activity of the components of this species have been demonstrated and confirmed by scientific research, such as antiprotozoal, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, analgesic, neuroprotective, anti-depressant, procognitive, neurotrophic, and cell membrane stabilizing and antioxidant activities. A. absinthium is also making a successful career as a cosmetic plant. In addition, the importance of this species as a spice plant and valuable additive in the alcohol industry (famous absinthe and vermouth-type wines) has not decreased. The species has also become an object of biotechnological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (H.E.); Tel.: +48-(12)-6205436 (A.S.); +48-(12)-6205430 (H.E.); Fax: +48-(62)-05440 (A.S.); +48-(62)-05440 (H.E.)
| | - Joanna Pajor
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Paweł Klin
- Family Medicine Clinic, Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ) Burgbernheim GmbH, Gruene Baumgasse 2, 91593 Burgbernheim, Germany;
| | - Agnieszka Rzepiela
- Museum of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Floriańska 25, 31-019 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.O.E.); (F.A.A.-M.)
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Fahed A. Al-Mana
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.O.E.); (F.A.A.-M.)
| | - Mohamed A. Mattar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (H.E.); Tel.: +48-(12)-6205436 (A.S.); +48-(12)-6205430 (H.E.); Fax: +48-(62)-05440 (A.S.); +48-(62)-05440 (H.E.)
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Elansary HO, Szopa A, Kubica P, Ekiert H, A. Al-Mana F, Al-Yafrsi MA. Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis Natural Populations. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E908. [PMID: 32709119 PMCID: PMC7411707 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis natural populations growing in Northern Saudi Arabia might be a valuable source of polyphenols with potent biological activities. Using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), several polyphenols were detected tentatively in considerable amounts in the methanolic leaf extracts of A. saligna and L. inermis. A. saligna mainly contained rutoside, hyperoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, gallic acid and p-coumaric acid, whereas those of L. inermis contained apigenin 5-glucoside, apigetrin and gallic acid. Strong antioxidant activities were found in the leaf extracts of both species due to the presence of hyperoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, gallic acid, isoquercetin, p-coumaric acid, quercitrin and rutoside. A. saligna and L. inermis leaf extracts as well as hyperoside, apigenin 5-glucoside, and quercetin 3-glucuronide significantly reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation in all investigated cancer cells compared to the control. Methanolic leaf extracts and identified polyphenols showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against cancer cells, which may be attributed to necrotic cell accumulation during apoptotic periods. Antibacterial activities were also found in both species leaf extracts and were twice as high in A. saligna than L. inermis due to the high composition of rutoside and other polyphenols. Finally, strong antifungal activities were detected, which were associated with specific phenols such as rutoside, hyperoside, apigenin 5-glucoside and p-coumaric acid. This is the first study exploring the polyphenolic composition of A. saligna and L. inermis natural populations in northern Saudi Arabia and aiming at the detection of their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-M.); (M.A.A.-Y.)
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Fahed A. Al-Mana
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-M.); (M.A.A.-Y.)
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Yafrsi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-M.); (M.A.A.-Y.)
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Speranza J, Miceli N, Taviano MF, Ragusa S, Kwiecień I, Szopa A, Ekiert H. Isatis tinctoria L. (Woad): A Review of its Botany, Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Biotechnological Studies. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E298. [PMID: 32121532 PMCID: PMC7154893 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae), which is commonly known as woad, is a species with an ancient and well-documented history as an indigo dye and medicinal plant. Currently, I. tinctoria is utilized more often as medicinal remedy and also as a cosmetic ingredient. In 2011, I. tinctoria root was accepted in the official European phytotherapy by introducing its monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia. The biological properties of raw material have been known from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Over recent decades, I. tinctoria has been investigated both from a phytochemical and a biological point of view. The modern in vitro and in vivo scientific studies proved anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, antimicrobial, antiviral, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. The phytochemical composition of I. tinctoria has been thoroughly investigated and the plant was proven to contain many valuable biologically active compounds, including several alkaloids, among which tryptanthrin, indirubin, indolinone, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides as well as glucosinolates, carotenoids, volatile constituents, and fatty acids. This article provides a general botanical and ethnobotanical overview that summarizes the up-to-date knowledge on the phytochemistry and biological properties of this valuable plant in order to support its therapeutic potential. Moreover, the biotechnological studies on I. tinctoria, which mainly focused on hairy root cultures for the enhanced production of flavonoids and alkaloids as well as on the establishment of shoot cultures and micropropagation protocols, were reviewed. They provide input for future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Speranza
- Foundation “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- Department of Health Sciences, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, V. Europa, IT-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Inga Kwiecień
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (I.K.); (A.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (I.K.); (A.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (I.K.); (A.S.); (H.E.)
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Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Szopa A, Ekiert H. Citrus limon (Lemon) Phenomenon-A Review of the Chemistry, Pharmacological Properties, Applications in the Modern Pharmaceutical, Food, and Cosmetics Industries, and Biotechnological Studies. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9010119. [PMID: 31963590 PMCID: PMC7020168 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review presents important botanical, chemical and pharmacological characteristics of Citrus limon (lemon)—a species with valuable pharmaceutical, cosmetic and culinary (healthy food) properties. A short description of the genus Citrus is followed by information on the chemical composition, metabolomic studies and biological activities of the main raw materials obtained from C. limon (fruit extract, juice, essential oil). The valuable biological activity of C. limon is determined by its high content of phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids (e.g., diosmin, hesperidin, limocitrin) and phenolic acids (e.g., ferulic, synapic, p-hydroxybenzoic acids). The essential oil is rich in bioactive monoterpenoids such as D-limonene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene. Recently scientifically proven therapeutic activities of C. limon include anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer and antiparasitic activities. The review pays particular attention, with references to published scientific research, to the use of C. limon in the food industry and cosmetology. It also addresses the safety of use and potential phototoxicity of the raw materials. Lastly, the review emphasizes the significance of biotechnological studies on C. limon.
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Kubica P, Szopa A, Prokopiuk B, Komsta Ł, Pawłowska B, Ekiert H. The influence of light quality on the production of bioactive metabolites - verbascoside, isoverbascoside and phenolic acids and the content of photosynthetic pigments in biomass of Verbena officinalis L. cultured in vitro. J Photochem Photobiol B 2019; 203:111768. [PMID: 31931383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vitro callus cultures of Verbena officinalis L. were maintained on solid Murashige and Skoog medium, enriched with 1 mg dm-3 BA and 1 mg dm-3 IBA under LED lights (red, blue, red/blue 70%/30%), in darkness and under control fluorescent lamps. The measurements of 2 phenylpropanoid glycosides (verbascoside and isoverbascoside) and 23 phenolic acids were performed in methanolic extracts from the biomass collected after 2-, 3- and 4-week growth cycles using the HPLC-DAD method. The presence of verbascoside, isoverbascoside and additionaly 7 phenolic acids (protocatechuic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, ferulic, o-coumaric and m-coumaric acids) was confirmed in all extracts. Blue and red/blue lights stimulated the accumulation of verbascoside (max. of 6716 and 6023 mg 100 g-1 DW after a 4-week growth cycle) and isoverbascoside (max. 333 and 379 mg 100 g-1 DW also after 4 weeks). The maximum amounts of verbascoside and isoverbascoside were respectively 1.8- and 7.0-fold higher than under the control conditions. Phenolic acids were accumulated in different amounts, and the maximum total amounts ranged from 36 to 65 mg 100 g-1 DW. LED lights also stimulated their accumulation in comparison with darkness and control. The main phenolic acids included: m-coumaric acid (max. 39 mg 100 g-1 DW), ferulic acid (max. 12 mg 100 g-1 DW), and protocatechuic acid (max. 13 mg 100 g-1 DW). Additionally, the quantities of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) were estimated in acetonic extracts using spectrophotometry. Red/blue light stimulated the biosynthesis of pigments (max. total content 287 μg g-1 FW after 4-week growth cycles). This is the first study describing the effect of LED lights on the production of phenylpropanoid glycosides and phenolic acids in V. officinalis callus cultures. Very high amounts of verbascoside and isoverbascoside are interesting from a practical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kubica
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Barbara Prokopiuk
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Garden Arts, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Komsta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4 str., 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Bożena Pawłowska
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Garden Arts, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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O. Elansary H, Szopa A, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Jafernik K, Ekiert H, Mahmoud EA, Abdelmoneim Barakat A, O. El-Ansary D. Mammillaria Species-Polyphenols Studies and Anti-Cancer, Anti-Oxidant, and Anti-Bacterial Activities. Molecules 2019; 25:E131. [PMID: 31905725 PMCID: PMC6982789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering new natural resources of polyphenols is the aim of many recent studies in the field of natural product research. This study tentatively investigated the polyphenols profile of the stems of seven Mammillaria species (M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, M. hahniana, M. crucigera, M. candida, M. albilanata, and M. muehlenpfordtii) using high performance liquid chromatography with DAD detector (HPLC-DAD) method. Furthermore, the anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial potentials of these extracts as well as major identified phenols were explored. The HPLC-DAD study confirmed the availability of six phenolic acids, including gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, sinapic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The dominant compounds were: gentisic acid in M. rhodantha and M. spinosissima; chlorogenic acid in M. muehlenpfordtii, M. crucigera, and M. rhodantha; and caffeic acid in M. rhodantha, M. crucigera, and M. spinosissima. Stems of Mammillaria sp. showed antiproliferative effects against HeLa, MCF-7, and Jurkat cells. In HeLa and MCF-7 cells, the best antiproliferative activities were found in the treatments with M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii. The apoptotic assay of M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii showed accumulation of necrotic cells in the early and late apoptotic phase. M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii showed the highest anti-oxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) assays. M. rhodantha was the best source of antioxidants. Mammillaria sp. showed moderate anti-bacterial effects against bacteria and the highest effects were found using the extracts of M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, M. crucigera and M. muehlenpfordtii against most bacteria. The anti-bacterial activities were attributed to other phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid) than gentisic acid, which was not active against most bacteria. Mammillaria sp. could be considered to be an important natural source of phenolic acids with anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.J.)
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.J.)
| | - Karolina Jafernik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.J.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.J.)
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoneim Barakat
- Botanical Gardens Research Department, Horticultural Research Institute (ARC), Alexandria 12311, Egypt;
| | - Diaa O. El-Ansary
- Precision Agriculture Laboratory, Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt;
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O. Elansary H, Szopa A, Kubica P, Ekiert H, A. Mattar M, Al-Yafrasi MA, El-Ansary DO, Zin El-Abedin TK, Yessoufou K. Polyphenol Profile and Pharmaceutical Potential of Quercus spp. Bark Extracts. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:plants8110486. [PMID: 31717611 PMCID: PMC6918147 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeted profiling of polyphenols in trees may reveal valuable sources of natural compounds with major applications in pharmacology and disease control. The current study targeted the profiling of polyphenols using HPLC-DAD in Quercus robur, Q. macrocarpa and Q. acutissima bark extracts. Free radical scavenging of each extract was investigated using antioxidant assays. Antimicrobial activities against a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi were explored, as well as anticancer activities against different cancer cell lines. The HPLC-DAD analyses revealed the availability of several polyphenols in high amounts, including ellagic acid (in Q. robur) and caffeic acid (in Q. macrocarpa) in all three species. The bioactivity assay revealed high antioxidant activity in Q. robur compared to that of the other species, as well as phenolic standards. The three oak bark extracts showed clear antibacterial activities against most bacteria tested, with the highest antibacterial activities in the extracts of Q. robur. In addition, the three extracts showed higher antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus flavus, and Escherichia coli compared to that of other bacteria. There were strong antifungal activities against some fungi, such as Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium funiculosum, and Penicillium ochrochloron. There were also noticeable anticancer activities against MCF-7, HeLa, Jurkat, and HT-29 cell lines, with the highest anticancer activity in the extracts of Q. robur. This is the first study that reveals not only novel sources of important polyphenols (e.g., ellagic acid) in Q. robur, Q. macrocarpa and Q. acutissima bark but also their anticancer activities against diverse cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-581216322
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Mohamed A. Mattar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (T.K.Z.E.-A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Al-Yafrasi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa O. El-Ansary
- Precision Agriculture Laboratory, Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Tarek K. Zin El-Abedin
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (T.K.Z.E.-A.)
| | - Kowiyou Yessoufou
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa;
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Szopa A, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Kokotkiewicz A, Dziurka M, Luczkiewicz M, Ekiert H. Phenolic acid and flavonoid production in agar, agitated and bioreactor-grown microshoot cultures of Schisandra chinensis cv. Sadova No. 1 - a valuable medicinal plant. J Biotechnol 2019; 305:61-70. [PMID: 31494211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cultures and raw materials (fruits and leaves) of the valuable medicinal plant species - Schisandra chinensis cultivar Sadova No. 1 (SchS) - were evaluated for the production of two groups of phenolic compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoids, and their antioxidant potential. A series of experiments was conducted, aimed at optimizing culture conditions for maximum growth and phenolic production in SchS microshoots. Different concentrations of plant growth regulators (6-benzyladenine - BA and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid - NAA, from 0 to 3 mg/l) in Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium were tested in several cultivation systems (agar, agitated, bioreactor) over various growth periods (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days). Furthermore, an elicitation experiment was conducted in which the bioreactor-grown microshoots were exposed to yeast extract. HPLC-DAD analyses confirmed the presence of eight phenolic acids - chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic, gallic, neochlorogenic, protocatechuic, salicylic, syringic and vanillic, and two flavonoids: kaempferol and quercitrin, in the in vitro biomasses. The highest total phenolic acid (357.93 mg/100 g DW) and flavonoid (105.07 mg/100 g DW) contents were obtained in agar culture extracts cultivated for 30 days on MS medium containing 2 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA and for 50 days on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l NAA, respectively. These amounts were 1.59- and 5.95-fold lower than in parent plant leaf extracts (569.66 mg/100 g DW), and 4.30- and 1.25-fold higher than in fruit extracts (83.17 mg/100 g DW), respectively. Microshoots grown in a Plantform bioreactor also proved to be a good source of phenolic compounds, however, the elicitor treatment had no noticeable effect on their accumulation. Antioxidant capacity assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu, FRAP, DPPH and CUPRAC assays revealed significantly higher potential in extracts from in vitro biomass and leaves of the parent plant, as compared to the parent plant fruit extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Kokotkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, al. gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Luczkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, al. gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Szopa A, Blicharska E, Dziurka M, Komsta Ł, Ekiert H. Bioaccumulation of selected macro- and microelements and their impact on antioxidant properties and accumulation of glucosinolates and phenolic acids in in vitro cultures of Nasturtium officinale (watercress) microshoots. Food Chem 2019; 300:125184. [PMID: 31351261 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated bioaccumulation capacity of macro- and microelements, their impact on the production of glucosinolates and phenolic acids and antioxidant properties in a microshoot culture model of Nasturtium officinale. Elements: calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lithium, magnesium, selenium and zinc were supplemented in different salt concentrations to culture media. Bioaccumulation of elements [mg/100 gDW] varied from 1.24 (Li,1 mg/l) to 498.62 (Cr,50 mg/l) and was dependent on the type of element and its concentration. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) ranged from 11.37 (Li,25 mg/l) to 4467.00 (Ca,1 mg/l). The total glucosinolate contents [mg/100gDW] varied from 108.11 (Cr,1 mg/l) to 172.90 (Ca,1 mg/l). The presence of four phenolic acids was confirmed in the microshoots. Their total contents [mg/100gDW] ranged from 19.35 (Mg,10 mg/l) to 139.21 (Fe,50 mg/l). The highest antioxidant activity [nM trolox/mgDW], as evaluated by CUPRAC and QUENCHER-CUPRAC methods, was equal to 55.50 (Cu,1 mg/l) and 161.10 (Li,5 mg/l), respectively. The results proved good correlations between all studied parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Komsta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Elansary HO, Szopa A, Kubica P, A Al-Mana F, Mahmoud EA, Zin El-Abedin TKA, A Mattar M, Ekiert H. Phenolic Compounds of Catalpa speciosa, Taxus cuspidate, and Magnolia acuminata have Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:E412. [PMID: 30678123 PMCID: PMC6384650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree bark represents an important source of medicinal compounds that may be useful for cancer therapy. In the current study, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) was used to determine the profile of the phenolic compounds of Catalpa speciosa, Taxus cuspidata, and Magnolia acuminata bark extracts. The antioxidant and anticancer bioactivities against different cancer cell lines were investigated. M. acuminata exerted significantly higher antioxidant activities in the diphenyl picrylhydrazine and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays than the other species. In C. speciosa, novel profiles of phenolic acids (ferulic acid was the predominant compound) and catechin were detected. In T. cuspidata, six phenolic acids were detected; the predominant compounds were hydroxycaffeic acid and protocatechuic acid. In M. acuminata, two phenolic acids and three catechins were detected; catechin was the predominant compound. The three species exerted clear anticancer activity against MCF-7, HeLa, Jurkat, T24, and HT-29 cells, with the strongest activity found in the extracts from M. acuminata. No antiproliferative activity against normal cells was found. Flow cytometry revealed greater accumulation of necrotic and early/late apoptotic cells in various treated cancer cells than in untreated control cells, and protocatechuic acid induced a similar accumulation of necrotic cells to that of the bark extracts. Caspase-3 and -7 activity was increased in cancer cells treated with different bark extracts; the highest activity was found in the M. acuminata treatment. Our results suggested that the treatment of cancer cells with bark extracts of M. acuminata, C. speciosa, and T. cuspidata, and protocatechuic acid induced apoptosis, suggesting an association between anticancer activities and individual phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O Elansary
- Plant production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Garden Design, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 00203, Egypt.
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus (APK) Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa.
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Fahed A Al-Mana
- Plant production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman A Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt.
| | - Tarek K Ali Zin El-Abedin
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed A Mattar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Szopa A, Dziurka M, Warzecha A, Kubica P, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Ekiert H. Targeted Lignan Profiling and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Schisandra rubriflora and Schisandra chinensis Extracts. Molecules 2018; 23:E3103. [PMID: 30486445 PMCID: PMC6321394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra rubriflora is a dioecious plant of increasing importance due to its lignan composition, and therefore, possible therapeutic properties. The aim of the work was lignan profiling of fruits, leaves and shoots of female (F) and male (M) plants using UHPLC-MS/MS. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts and individual lignans was tested in vitro for the inhibition of 15-lipooxygenase (15-LOX), phospholipases A2 (sPLA₂), cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1; COX-2) enzyme activities. The extracts of fruits, leaves and shoots of the pharmacopoeial species, S. chinensis, were tested for comparison. Twenty-four lignans were monitored. Lignan contents in S. rubriflora fruit extracts amounted to 1055.65 mg/100 g DW and the dominant compounds included schisanhenol, aneloylgomisin H, schisantherin B, schisandrin A, gomisin O, angeloylgomisin O and gomisin G. The content of lignan in leaf extracts was 853.33 (F) and 1106.80 (M) mg/100 g DW. Shoot extracts were poorer in lignans-559.97 (F) and 384.80 (M) mg/100 g DW. Schisantherin B, schisantherin A, 6-O-benzoylgomisin O and angeloylgomisin H were the dominant compounds in leaf and shoot extracts. The total content of detected lignans in S. chinensis fruit, leaf and shoot extracts was: 1686.95, 433.59 and 313.83 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Gomisin N, schisandrin A, schisandrin, gomisin D, schisantherin B, gomisin A, angeloylgomisin H and gomisin J were the dominant lignans in S. chinensis fruit extracts were. The results of anti-inflammatory assays revealed higher activity of S. rubriflora extracts. Individual lignans showed significant inhibitory activity against 15-LOX, COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Angelika Warzecha
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Szopa A, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Kokotkiewicz A, Maślanka A, Król A, Luczkiewicz M, Ekiert H. Phytochemical and biotechnological studies on Schisandra chinensis cultivar Sadova No. 1-a high utility medicinal plant. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5105-5120. [PMID: 29687144 PMCID: PMC5959991 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the presented work, raw materials (fruits and leaves) and in vitro biomass of a highly productive Schisandra chinensis Sadova No. 1 cultivar (SchS) were evaluated for the production of therapeutically useful schisandra lignans (SL). In vitro cultures of SchS were initiated, followed by extensive optimization studies focused on maximizing secondary metabolite production, with the aim of establishing a sustainable source of SL. Different cultivation systems (agar, agitated, bioreactor), experiment times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days) and plant growth regulators (6-benzyladenine—BA and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid—NAA, from 0 to 3 mg/l) in Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium were tested. Moreover, an elicitation procedure was applied to bioreactor-grown microshoots in order to increase SL production. Validated HPLC-DAD protocol enabled to detect fourteen SL in the extracts from in vitro and in vivo materials. The main compounds in the in vitro cultures were as follows: schisandrin (max. 176.3 mg/100 g DW), angeloylgomisin Q (max. 85.1 mg/100 g DW), gomisin A (max. 71.4 mg/100 g DW) and angeloylgomisin H (max. 67.0 mg/100 g DW). The highest total SL content (490.3 mg/100 g DW) was obtained in extracts from the biomass of agar cultures cultivated for 30 days on the MS medium variant containing 3 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l NAA. This amount was 1.32 times lower than in fruit extracts (646.0 mg/100 g DW) and 2.04 times higher than in leaf extracts (240.7 mg/100 g DW). The study demonstrated that SchS is a rich source of SL, thus proving its value for medical, cosmetic and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Kokotkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, al. gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Maślanka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Król
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, al. gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Luczkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, al. gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Kwiecień I, Smolin J, Beerhues L, Ekiert H. The impact of media composition on production of flavonoids in agitated shoot cultures of the three Hypericum perforatum L. cultivars 'Elixir,' 'Helos,' and 'Topas'. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 2018; 54:332-340. [PMID: 29780217 PMCID: PMC5954008 DOI: 10.1007/s11627-018-9900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of media composition on the growth potential and morphology of the in vitro cultured biomass of three cultivars of Hypericum perforatum, and on the production of flavonoids. Agitated shoot cultures were maintained in parallel on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 0.1-3.0 mg L-1 of α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine. Methanolic extracts from the biomass collected after 3-wk growth cycles were analyzed quantitatively, for 21 flavonoids using high performance liquid chromatography. Three aglycones (kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin) and three glycosides of quercetin (hyperoside, quercitrin, and rutoside) were detected in all of the extracts. The total amounts of the estimated compounds increased from 1.18- to 21.66-fold on LS media variants and from 1.52- to 17.34-fold on MS media variants. The main metabolite was quercetin (max. 210.55 mg 100 g-1 dry weight [DW]). The maximum total amounts of all compounds in the biomass of 'Elixir,' 'Helos,' and 'Topas' were 328.53, 255.70, and 166.58 mg 100 g-1 DW, respectively. The shoots of all cultivars cultivated on the LS and MS media containing low levels of plant growth regulators (0.1 mg L-1) accumulated high amounts of flavonoids. The highest amounts were accumulated in shoots of cultivar 'Elixir' grown on MS medium. This is the first comparison of flavonoid production in three cultivars of H. perforatum ('Elixir,' 'Helos,' and 'Topas') cultured in vitro, and the first report of flavonoid production in cultivars 'Elixir' and 'Helos.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Kwiecień
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna street 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Julia Smolin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna street 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna street 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Szopa A, Starzec A, Ekiert H. The importance of monochromatic lights in the production of phenolic acids and flavonoids in shoot cultures of Aronia melanocarpa, Aronia arbutifolia and Aronia × prunifolia. J Photochem Photobiol B 2018; 179:91-97. [PMID: 29351879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Shoot cultures of Aronia melanocarpa, A. arbutifolia and A. × prunifolia were maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium with 1 mg/l each of BA and NAA under monochromatic lights (far-red, red, blue lights, UV-A-irradiation), in darkness, and under white light (control). HPLC-DAD analyses of 19 phenolic acids and 11 flavonoids in methanolic extracts from the shoots revealed in all of them the presence of three depsides (chlorogenic, neochlorogenic and rosmarinic acids), protocatechuic acid, four flavonoid glycosides (cynaroside, quercitrin, hyperoside and rutoside), and additionally, in A. arbutifolia, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Depending on light quality, the total amounts of these metabolites increased 1.8-5.9 times, reaching maximum values under blue light: 527.40 and 144.61 mg 100 g-1 DW (A. melanocarpa), 543.27 and 85.82 mg 100 g-1 DW (A. arbutifolia) and 1615.18 and 220.65 mg 100 g-1 DW (A. × prunifolia), respectively. The maximum total amounts were 1.3-3.6 times higher than under white light. The quantities of individual metabolites changed from 1.2 to 11.0 times, with high amounts of neochlorogenic acid and quercitrin in A. melanocarpa (243.35 and 75.64 mg 100 g-1 DW), and of chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids and quercitrin in A. arbutifolia (236.52, 219.35 and 51.01 mg 100 g-1 DW). Extremely high amounts of depsides (418.83, 644.68, 548.86 mg 100 g-1 DW) and quercitrin (165.88 mg 100 g-1 DW) were produced in cultures of the hybrid - A. × prunifolia. The results are potentially useful for practical applications. This is the first report documented the importance of light quality on the production of phenolic acids and flavonoids in three aronia in vitro cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Starzec
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Elansary HO, Szopa A, Kubica P, Ekiert H, Ali HM, Elshikh MS, Abdel-Salam EM, El-Esawi M, El-Ansary DO. Bioactivities of Traditional Medicinal Plants in Alexandria. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018; 2018:1463579. [PMID: 29636772 PMCID: PMC5831234 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1463579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In traditional folklore, medicinal herbs play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of microbial diseases. In the present study, the phenolic profiles of the medicinal plants Asparagus aethiopicus L., Citrullus colocynthis L., Senna alexandrina L., Kalanchoe delagoensis L., Gasteria pillansii L., Cymbopogon citratus, Brassica juncea, and Curcuma longa L. were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector method. The results revealed rich sources of important compounds such as robinin in the fruits and leaves of A. aethiopicus; caffeic acid in the tubers of A. aethiopicus and quercitrin in the leaves of G. pillansii. Further, relatively high antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were observed in C. colocynthis fruit coat, S. alexandrina pods, and A. aethiopicus leaves, respectively. The relatively higher the bioactivities of plants extracts associated with the phenols in these plants, in particular, the more abundant the phenols. Therefore, it was concluded that the fruit coat of C. colocynthis, pods of S. alexandrina, and leaves of A. aethiopicus might be excellent sources of natural products. These plant extracts also have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities that could be used in the pharmaceutical industries and to control diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O. Elansary
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, 2006, South Africa
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Timber Trees Research Department, Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam M. Abdel-Salam
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Diaa O. El-Ansary
- Precision Agriculture Laboratory, Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Szopa A, Kokotkiewicz A, Król A, Luczkiewicz M, Ekiert H. Improved production of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in the elicited microshoot cultures of Schisandra chinensis (Chinese magnolia vine). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:945-959. [PMID: 29181570 PMCID: PMC5756551 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are a specific group of secondary metabolites that occur solely in Schisandra chinensis. The aim of the presented work was to boost the accumulation of lignans in the agitated microshoot cultures of S. chinensis, using different elicitation schemes. The experiments included testing of various concentrations and supplementation times of cadmium chloride (CdCl2), chitosan (Ch), yeast extract (YeE), methyl jasmonate (MeJa), and permeabilizing agent—dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). After 30 days, the microshoots were harvested and evaluated for growth parameters and lignan content by LC-DAD method. The analyses showed enhanced production of lignans in the elicited S. chinensis microshoots, whereas the respective media samples contained only trace amounts of the examined compounds (< 5 mg/l). Elicitation with CdCl2 caused up to 2-fold increase in the total lignan content (max. ca. 730 mg/100 g DW after the addition of 1000 μM CdCl2 on the tenth day). Experiments with chitosan resulted in up to 1.35-fold increase in lignan concentration (max. ca. 500 mg/100 g DW) after the supplementation with 50 mg/l on the first day and 200 mg/l on the tenth day. High improvement of lignan production was also recorded after YeE elicitation. After the elicitation with 5000 mg/l of YeE on the first day of the growth period, and with 1000 and 3000 mg/l on the 20th day, the lignan production increased to the same degree—about 1.8-fold. The supplementation with 1000 mg/l YeE on the 20th day of the growth cycle was chosen as the optimal elicitation scheme, for the microshoot cultures maintained in Plantform temporary immersion system—the total content of the estimated lignans was equal to 831.6 mg/100 g DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Adam Kokotkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Król
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Luczkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Szopa A, Kokotkiewicz A, Luczkiewicz M, Ekiert H. Schisandra lignans production regulated by different bioreactor type. J Biotechnol 2017; 247:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Szopa A, Kokotkiewicz A, Kubica P, Banaszczak P, Wojtanowska-Krośniak A, Krośniak M, Marzec-Wróblewska U, Badura A, Zagrodzki P, Bucinski A, Luczkiewicz M, Ekiert H. Comparative analysis of different groups of phenolic compounds in fruit and leaf extracts of Aronia sp.: A. melanocarpa, A. arbutifolia, and A. ×prunifolia and their antioxidant activities. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kubica P, Szopa A, Ekiert H. Production of verbascoside and phenolic acids in biomass of Verbena officinalis L. (vervain) cultured under different in vitro conditions. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:1663-1668. [PMID: 28278649 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1286477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Methanolic extracts from the biomass of Verbena officinalis cultured under continuous artificial light and in darkness on 12 variants of the Murashige and Skoog medium containing different concentrations (0.5-3.0 mg/L) of plant growth regulators: 6-benzyladenine, kinetin, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid, were analysed for the amounts of verbascoside and phenolic acids, before and after acid hydrolysis, using the HPLC-DAD method. The amounts of verbascoside were very high (max. 2454.12 mg/100 g DW - light, and 2135.59 mg/100 g DW - darkness). The total amounts of phenolic acids reached a maximum of 46.02 mg/100 g DW (free phenolic acids) and 141.05 mg/100 g DW (bound compounds). The main metabolites were: ferulic, o-coumaric and caffeic acids. The maximum amount of verbascoside was 3.28 times higher than in extracts from the herb of the parent plant. The cultures could be proposed as a potential biotechnological source for selected biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kubica
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College , Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College , Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College , Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
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Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Szewczyk A, Gdula-Argasińska J, Ekiert H, Jaśkiewicz J, Muszyńska B. Chemical compounds of extracts from Sarcodon imbricatus at optimized growth conditions. Acta Mycol 2016. [DOI: 10.5586/am.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of carbon and nitrogen sources and initial pH and temperature of the medium on the mycelial growth of <em>Sarcodon imbricatus</em> (L.) P. Karst. in axenic liquid culture was investigated. The optimal composition of the medium was found to be: 5% fructose, 1% hydrolysate of casein, 1% yeast extract, and 0.3% KH<span><sub>2</sub></span>PO<span><sub>4</sub></span> at pH = 6 and incubation temperature of 20°C. In this condition the maximum biomass growth was observed, yielding 10.2 g L<sup>−1</sup> of dry weight after 3-week of growth. The medium regarded as optimal for growth of <em>S. imbricatus</em> mycelium was used for the production of the biomass and further chemical analysis. The quantitative and qualitative composition of phenolic acids, fatty acids, and sterols were determined using chromatographic methods. The total content of phenolic acids was 1.86 mg × 100 g<sup>−1</sup> DW, with the largest amount of protocatechuic acid (1.27 mg × 100 g<sup>−1</sup> DW). Nineteen fatty acids were estimated, including five unsaturated fatty acids, e.g., oleic and α-linolenic acid. The analysis of sterols composition revealed the presence of ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide (197.7 and 200.47 mg × 100 g<sup>−1</sup> DW, respectively). These compounds were isolated and confirmed by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR. Presented study constitutes the first report on the accumulation of substances (phenolic acids, fatty acids, and sterols) with multidirectional biological activity in the mycelial axenic culture of <em>Sarcodon imbricatus</em>.
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Szopa A, Kokotkiewicz A, Luczkiewicz M, Ekiert H. Trials of Schisandra lignans production for pharmaceutical purpose in the different types of bioreactors. N Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Szopa A, Ekiert R, Ekiert H. Current knowledge of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Chinese magnolia vine) as a medicinal plant species: a review on the bioactive components, pharmacological properties, analytical and biotechnological studies. Phytochem Rev 2016; 16:195-218. [PMID: 28424569 PMCID: PMC5378736 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-016-9470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) is a plant species whose fruits have been well known in Far Eastern medicine for a long time. However, schisandra seems to be a plant still underestimated in contemporary therapy still in the countries of East Asia. The article presents latest available information on the chemical composition of this plant species. Special attention is given to dibenzo cyclooctadiene lignans. In addition, recent studies of the biological activity of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans and schisandra fruit extracts are recapitulated. The paper gives a short resume of their beneficial effects in biological systems in vitro, in animals, and in humans, thus underlining their medicinal potential. The cosmetic properties are depicted, too. The analytical methods used for assaying schisandra lignans in the scientific studies and also in industry are also presented. Moreover, special attention is given to the information on the latest biotechnological studies of this plant species. The intention of this review is to contribute to a better understanding of the huge potential of the pharmacological relevance of S. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Radosław Ekiert
- "Herbapol" Krakow S.A., ul Chałupnika 14, 31-464 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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