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Senna C, Soares L, Egea MB, Fernandes SS. The Techno-Functionality of Chia Seed and Its Fractions as Ingredients for Meat Analogs. Molecules 2024; 29:440. [PMID: 38257357 PMCID: PMC10819138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Eating practices are changing due to awareness about meat consumption associated with social, ethical, environmental, and nutritional issues. Plant-based meat analogs are alternatives to conventional meat products that attempt to mimic all the inherent characteristics of meat fully. Therefore, the search for raw materials that provide these characteristics is increasing. Chia seeds have excellent potential as a functional ingredient in these products since they are a source of proteins, lipids, and fibers. Allied with this, the full use of chia through the seed and its fractions highlights the numerous beneficial characteristics of the formulation regarding nutritional characteristics and techno-functionality. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the potential of chia seed and its fractions for applications in meat-like products. Chia seeds are protein sources. Chia oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and its application in emulsions ensures the oil's nutritional quality and maintains its technological characteristics. Defatted chia flour has a high protein content and can be used to extract chia mucilage. Due to its high emulsification capacity, chia mucilage is an effective ingredient for meat products and, consequently, meat-like products. Therefore, this literature review demonstrates the strategic potential of using chia seeds and their fractions to develop meat analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Senna
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av Italy km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil; (C.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Luiza Soares
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av Italy km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil; (C.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute, Campus Rio Verde, Km 01, Rural Area, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Sibele Santos Fernandes
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av Italy km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil; (C.S.); (L.S.)
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Omar SM, Zahran NN, Alhotan RA, Hussein EO, Galik B, Saleh AA. Evaluation of Salvia hispanica as a Therapeutic Agent against Sodium Arsenic-Induced Testicular Toxicity in a Male Rats Model. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:109. [PMID: 38255724 PMCID: PMC10817305 DOI: 10.3390/life14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chia seeds offer therapeutic properties that aid in the prevention of a variety of ailments, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and other risk factors. Arsenite, a common environmental chemical, has been identified as a reproductive toxin owing to its negative effects on male reproductive health. It has been shown to inhibit spermatogenesis and generate androgenic effects in men. The primary goal of this research was to look into the effect of Salvia hispanica on testicular toxicity caused by sodium arsenite in male rats. A set of 36 male albino rats was allocated to a negative control cohort. The individuals in this group were given a basic meal and orally given distilled water for a duration of 28 days. The other five groups were given a regular meal and received intra-peritoneal injections of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) at a concentration of 4 mg/kg body weight that was diluted in a 0.9% NaCl solution. The injections were administered consecutively, with two doses given within a two-day period. Subsequently, the rats were categorized into several groups using the following classification: Group 2 consisted of a positive control cohort, in which the rats were given a typical baseline diet. Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were given a basic diet that included varying proportions of ground chia seeds, namely 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% per 100 g of the diet. After the trial was completed, the rats were euthanized, and further biological examination was conducted. The measurements of the reproductive organs were documented and reported. The research assessed the following characteristics: sperm count, motility, progressive motility, and normal morphology. The research included examining serum sex hormones, namely luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone. An evaluation of the activity of antioxidant enzymes was performed in the tissue of the testicles. There were statistically significant improvements in the sperm parameters, serum sex hormone levels, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as GPX, SOD, and CAT, in the therapy groups. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited a noteworthy decrease (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to the positive control group. Salvia hispanica seeds have demonstrated a significant level of effectiveness in reducing sodium arsenite-induced testicular toxicity, which leads to the conclusion. The flavonoid content and antioxidant properties of Salvia hispanica seeds may be to blame for the observed behavior. These indicated characteristics may have therapeutic significance in treating testicular harm induced by arsenite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mahmoud Omar
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, AL-Azhar University, Tanta 31732, Egypt;
| | - Nasser Nesim Zahran
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Menoufia University Hospitals, Shebin El-Kom 11352, Egypt;
| | - Rashed A. Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (E.O.H.)
| | - Elsayed Osman Hussein
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (E.O.H.)
| | - Branislav Galik
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia. Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Ahmed Ali Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 333516, Egypt
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Tanisha, Venkategowda S, Majumdar M. Response surface methodology based development of an optimized polyherbal formulation and evaluation of its anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:70-81. [PMID: 38223811 PMCID: PMC10785265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The seeds of Nelumbo nucifera, Chenopodium quinoa and Salvia hispanica are known as super foods due to their various therapeutic properties. The present study aimed to develop an optimized polyherbal formulation from edible seeds aqueous extract and to evaluate its anti-diabetic and lipase inhibitory effect on diet-induced obese diabetic mice. Experimental procedure Response surface methodology based various formulations were evaluated for their potent anti-diabetic, lipase-inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Acute toxicity of the best optimized formulation was conducted. The mice were fed a high fat diet for 10 weeks resulting in hyperglycemia and obesity. Oral tolerance tests (sucrose, starch and lipid) of the formulation were performed. The mice were supplemented with different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) of the formulation for 6 weeks. The body weight and blood glucose level were monitored on a weekly basis. Finally, histological alterations and lipid profiles were analysed. Results and conclusion The formulation containing equal concentration (1.5 mg/ml) of each seed extract showed maximum bioactivities. The formulation was found to be safe during toxicity assay. The tolerance tests supported the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effect. Higher dose (500 mg/kg) of the formulation significantly (p < 0.01) lowered elevated fasting blood glucose, lipid indices and ameliorated the histological alterations in liver, kidney and pancreas caused by high fat diet. We demonstrated for the first time that the developed aqueous extract optimized formulation possess anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential and thus could be used as adjuvant therapy for holistic management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha
- School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), #18/3, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bangalore, 560 011, India
| | - Sunil Venkategowda
- School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), #18/3, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bangalore, 560 011, India
| | - Mala Majumdar
- School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), #18/3, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bangalore, 560 011, India
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Gupta P, Geniza M, Elser J, Al-Bader N, Baschieri R, Phillips JL, Haq E, Preece J, Naithani S, Jaiswal P. Reference genome of the nutrition-rich orphan crop chia ( Salvia hispanica) and its implications for future breeding. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1272966. [PMID: 38162307 PMCID: PMC10757625 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is one of the most popular nutrition-rich foods and pseudocereal crops of the family Lamiaceae. Chia seeds are a rich source of proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), dietary fibers, and antioxidants. In this study, we present the assembly of the chia reference genome, which spans 303.6 Mb and encodes 48,090 annotated protein-coding genes. Our analysis revealed that ~42% of the chia genome harbors repetitive content, and identified ~3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 15,380 simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker sites. By investigating the chia transcriptome, we discovered that ~44% of the genes undergo alternative splicing with a higher frequency of intron retention events. Additionally, we identified chia genes associated with important nutrient content and quality traits, such as the biosynthesis of PUFAs and seed mucilage fiber (dietary fiber) polysaccharides. Notably, this is the first report of in-silico annotation of a plant genome for protein-derived small bioactive peptides (biopeptides) associated with improving human health. To facilitate further research and translational applications of this valuable orphan crop, we have developed the Salvia genomics database (SalviaGDB), accessible at https://salviagdb.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gupta
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Matthew Geniza
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Justin Elser
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Noor Al-Bader
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Rachel Baschieri
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jeremy Levi Phillips
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ebaad Haq
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Justin Preece
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Sushma Naithani
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Pankaj Jaiswal
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Tavera-Hernández R, Jiménez-Estrada M, Alvarado-Sansininea JJ, Huerta-Reyes M. Chia ( Salvia hispanica L.), a Pre-Hispanic Food in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Hypoglycemic, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Inhibitory Properties of α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase, and in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:8069. [PMID: 38138560 PMCID: PMC10745661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the major health diseases worldwide, one that requires immediate alternatives to allow treatments for DM to be more effective and less costly for patients and also for health-care systems. Recent approaches propose treatments for DM based on that; in addition to focusing on reducing hyperglycemia, they also consider multitargets, as in the case of plants. Among these, we find the plant known as chia to be highlighted, a crop native to Mexico and one cultivated in Mesoamerica from pre-Hispanic times. The present work contributes to the review of the antidiabetic effects of chia for the treatment of DM. The antidiabetic effects of chia are effective in different mechanisms involved in the complex pathogenesis of DM, including hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and the inhibition of the enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase, as well as in the prevention of the risk of cardiovascular disease. The tests reviewed included 16 in vivo assays on rodent models, 13 clinical trials, and 4 in vitro tests. Furthermore, chia represents advantages over other natural products due to its availability and its acceptance and, in addition, as a component of the daily diet worldwide, especially due to its omega-3 fatty acids and its high concentration of dietary fiber. Thus, chia in the present work represents a source of antidiabetic agents that would perhaps be useful in novel clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Tavera-Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (R.T.-H.); (M.J.-E.)
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Estrada
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (R.T.-H.); (M.J.-E.)
| | - J. Javier Alvarado-Sansininea
- Herbario FEZA, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Batalla de 5 de mayo S/N, Col. Ejército de Oriente, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico;
| | - Maira Huerta-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
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Fernandes SS, da Silva Cardoso P, Egea MB, Quintal Martínez JP, Segura Campos MR, Otero DM. Chia mucilage carrier systems: A review of emulsion, encapsulation, and coating and film strategies. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113125. [PMID: 37689890 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of carrier systems for the protection and delivery of bioactive compounds in the agri-food industry is an area of opportunity that requires the design of new systems and sources of materials for their structure. Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) produce mucilage with functional qualities that allow their application in diverse areas of the food industry. These qualities have been used to form very stable carrier systems, such as capsules, emulsions, coatings, and films that can protect and prolong the functionalities of loaded compounds (e.g., antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities). This paper presents a review of chia mucilage-based carrier systems and their applications in food products (micro-and nanoparticles, emulsions, coatings, and films for food packaging), as well as the current technological prospects of these systems. The use of chia mucilage in coatings and films shows a high potential for use in biodegradable, edible, and organic packaging. Although many studies have been conducted on chia mucilage encapsulation systems, there is still a gap in the application of capsules and particles in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibele Santos Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrick da Silva Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Health, Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia, Campus Canela, Salvador, Bahia 40110907, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Juan Pablo Quintal Martínez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Km. 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn. Mérida, Yucatán C.P. 97203, Mexico.
| | - Maira Rubi Segura Campos
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Km. 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn. Mérida, Yucatán C.P. 97203, Mexico.
| | - Deborah Murowaniecki Otero
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Health, Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia, Campus Canela, Salvador, Bahia 40110907, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Campus Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil.
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Herbert-Doctor LA, Sánchez-Recillas A, Ortiz-Andrade R, Hernández-Núñez E, Araujo-León JA, Coral-Martínez TI, Cob-Calan NN, Segura Campos MR, Estrada-Soto S. Vasorelaxant Activity of Salvia hispanica L.: Involvement of the Nitric Oxide Pathway in Its Pharmacological Mechanism. Molecules 2023; 28:6225. [PMID: 37687053 PMCID: PMC10488739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia hispanica L., commonly known as chía, and its seeds have been used since ancient times to prepare different beverages. Due to its nutritional content, it is considered a dietary ingredient and has been reported with many health benefits. Chia seed components are helpful in cardiovascular disease (CVD) by reducing blood pressure, platelet aggregation, cholesterol, and oxidation. Still, its vasodilator effects on the vascular system were not reported yet. The hexanic (HESh), dichloromethanic (DESh), and methanolic (MESh) extracts obtained from chía seeds were evaluated on an aortic ring ex-vivo experimental model. The vasorelaxant efficacy and mechanism of action were determined. Also, phytochemical data was obtained through 13C NMR-based dereplication. The MESh extract showed the highest efficacy (Emax = 87%), and its effect was partially endothelium-dependent. The mechanism of action was determined experimentally, and the vasorelaxant curves were modified in the presence of L-NAME, ODQ, and potassium channel blockers. MESh caused a relaxing effect on KCl 80 mM-induced contraction and was less potent than nifedipine. The CaCl2-induced contraction was significantly decreased compared with the control curve. Phytochemical analysis of MESh suggests the presence of mannitol, previously reported as a vasodilator on aortic rings. Our findings suggest NO-cGMP pathway participation as a vasodilator mechanism of action of S. hispanica seeds; this effect can be attributed, in part, to the mannitol presence. S. hispanica could be used in future research focused on antihypertensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Herbert-Doctor
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97069, Yucatan, Mexico; (L.A.H.-D.); (A.S.-R.)
| | - Amanda Sánchez-Recillas
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97069, Yucatan, Mexico; (L.A.H.-D.); (A.S.-R.)
| | - Rolffy Ortiz-Andrade
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97069, Yucatan, Mexico; (L.A.H.-D.); (A.S.-R.)
| | - Emanuel Hernández-Núñez
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mérida 97310, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Jesús Alfredo Araujo-León
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Cinetífica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida 97205, Yucatan, Mexico;
| | - Tania Isolina Coral-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97069, Yucatan, Mexico;
| | - Nubia Noemi Cob-Calan
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Calkiní en el Estado de Campeche, Calkiní 24900, Campeche, Mexico;
| | | | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico;
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Quintal Bojórquez NDC, Morales Mendoza LF, Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Hernández Álvarez AJ, Segura Campos MR. In silico analysis of the interaction of de novo peptides derived from Salvia hispanica with anticancer targets. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37453078 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2232045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional cancer therapies are not selective to cancer cells resulting in serious side effects on patients. Thus, the need for complementary treatments that improve the patient's response to cancer therapy is highly important. To predict and evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and potential anticancer activity of the peptides identified from S. hispanica protein fraction <1 kDa through the use of in silico tools. Peptides derived from Salvia hispanica's protein fraction <1 kDa were identified and analyzed for the prediction of their physicochemical properties. The characterized peptide sequences were then submitted to a multi-criteria decision analysis to identify the peptides that possess the characteristics to potentially exert anticancer activity. Through molecular docking analysis, the potential anticancer activity of the Potentially Anticancer Peptide (PAP)-1, PAP-2, PAP-3, PAP-4, and PAP-5 was estimated by their binding interactions with cancer and apoptosis-related molecules. All five evaluated PAPs exhibited strong binding interactions (< -100 kcal/mol). However, PAP-3 showed the lowest binding free energies with several of the targets. Thus, PAP-3 shows potential to be used as a nutraceutical or ingredient for functional foods that adjuvate in cancer treatment. Conclusions: Through the molecular docking studies, the binding of the PAPs to target molecules of interest for cancer treatment was successfully simulated, from which PAP-3 exhibited the lowest binding free energies. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to validate the predictions obtained by the in silico analysis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- CONAHCYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Lira MM, Oliveira Filho JGD, Sousa TLD, Costa NMD, Lemes AC, Fernandes SS, Egea MB. Selected plants producing mucilage: Overview, composition, and their potential as functional ingredients in the development of plant-based foods. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112822. [PMID: 37254398 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the preference for vegan and vegetarian diets is directly related to changing eating habits and the need for plant-based alternatives to animal-based products, which are better for health, due to the high content of essential amino acids and lipid profile rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and have lower environmental impacts. In this scenario, there is a growing demand for plant-based foods, making it necessary to find new plant-based ingredients for application in foods and beverages. Flaxseed, chia seed, and Barbados gooseberry contain mucilage, a component with potential application in plant-based products. These hydrocolloids can be used as gelling agents, texture modifiers, stabilizers, and emulsifiers in solid and semi-solid foods. This review presents the extraction, characterization, and application of flaxseed, chia seed, and Barbados gooseberry mucilage for use in plant-based foods. It was found that mucilage composition varies due to the extraction method used, extraction conditions, and geographic location of the seed or leaf. However, applications in plant-based foods are currently limited, mainly focused on applying chia mucilage in bakery products and packaging. Research on applying flaxseed and Barbados gooseberry mucilage to plant-based products is limited, though it has been shown to have potential applications in packaging. Mucilage may also increase the nutritional profile of the product and provide better technological, functional, and sensory characteristics. Therefore, because of mucilage's excellent functional and technological properties, it is a promising candidate to act as an ingredient in plant-based food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Monteiro Lira
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, 75901-970, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Josemar Gonçalves de Oliveira Filho
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14800-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tainara Leal de Sousa
- Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Agronomy Department, Agronomy School, Street 235, s/n - East University Sector, CEP 74605-450 Goiânia/GO, Brazil
| | - Nair Mota da Costa
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, 75901-970, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ailton Cesar Lemes
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), School of Chemistry, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sibele Santos Fernandes
- Federal University of Rio Grande, School of Chemistry and Food, Av Italy km 8, Carreiros 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, 75901-970, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil.
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10
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Hosseini F, Motamedzadegan A, Raeisi SN, Rahaiee S. Antioxidant activity of nanoencapsulated chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) seed extract and its application to manufacture a functional cheese. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1328-1341. [PMID: 36911828 PMCID: PMC10002955 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to produce a functional ricotta cheese with chia seed extract (CSE) nanocapsules. First, the CSE was encapsulated using lecithin and basil seed gum, and its characteristics and antioxidant activity (AA) were evaluated. The free CSE (F-CSE) and encapsulated CSE (E-CSE) were then added to ricotta cheese formulation (1.5 and 3.0% w/w). The samples were kept for 15 days in a refrigerator and their physicochemical, sensory properties, AA, and oxidative stability were examined. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of CSE nanocapsules were 59.23 nm, 0.328, -44.47 mV, and 80.06%, respectively. The CSE showed remarkable AA in vitro. The AA of F-CSE was higher than E-CSE. The moisture, dry matter, fat, and protein content of cheese samples were in the range of 52.64%-53.31%, 46.69%-47.36%, 19.02%-19.28%, and 16.88%-17.02%, respectively. The color of F-CSE cheeses was slightly yellower than control; however, they did not have clear color differences. During storage, the acidity, hardness, chewiness, and peroxide value of cheeses increased, while the pH, total phenol content, and AA decreased (p < .05). The addition of CSE reduced the rate of pH and acidity changes during storage and significantly increase the AA and oxidative stability. Initially, F-CSE cheeses had higher functional activity, but on other storage days, due to the protective effect of coating materials, the functional activity of E-CSE samples was higher. The CSE, especially E-CSE, did not have an adverse effect on the sensory properties of cheese. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that it is possible to manufacture a functional cheese using E-CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch Islamic Azad University Amol Iran
| | - Ali Motamedzadegan
- Department of Food Science and Technology Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resource University Sari Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Rahaiee
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology Amol University of Special Modern Technologies Amol Iran
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11
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Abdel Ghani AE, Al-Saleem MSM, Abdel-Mageed WM, AbouZeid EM, Mahmoud MY, Abdallah RH. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Profiling and Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antidiabetic, and Antiobesity Activities of the Non-Polar Fractions of Salvia hispanica L. Aerial Parts. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1062. [PMID: 36903922 PMCID: PMC10005563 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salvia hispanica L. is an annual herbaceous plant commonly known as "Chia". It has been recommended for therapeutic use because of its use as an excellent source of fatty acids, protein, dietary fibers, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids. A literature survey concerning phytochemical and biological investigations of chia extracts revealed less attention towards the non-polar extracts of S. hispanica L. aerial parts, which motivates us to investigate their phytochemical constituents and biological potentials. The phytochemical investigation of the non-polar fractions of S. hispanica L. aerial parts resulted in the tentative identification of 42 compounds using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis with the isolation of β-sitosterol (1), betulinic acid (2), oleanolic acid (3), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (4). GLC-MS analysis of the seeds' oil showed a high concentration of omega-3 fatty acid, with a percentage of 35.64% of the total fatty acid content in the seed oil. The biological results revealed that the dichloromethane fraction showed promising DPPH radical-scavenging activity (IC50 = 14.73 µg/mL), antidiabetic activity with significant inhibition of the α-amylase enzyme (IC50 673.25 μg/mL), and anti-inflammatory activity using in vitro histamine release assay (IC50 61.8 μg/mL). Furthermore, the dichloromethane fraction revealed moderate cytotoxic activity against human lung cancer cell line (A-549), human prostate carcinoma (PC-3), and colon carcinoma (HCT-116) with IC50s 35.9 ± 2.1 μg/mL, 42.4 ± 2.3 μg/mL, and 47.5 ± 1.3 μg/mL, respectively, and antiobesity activity with IC50 59.3 μg/mL, using pancreatic lipase inhibitory assay. In conclusion, this study's findings not only shed light on the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of the non-polar fractions of chia but also should be taken as a basis for the future in vivo and clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of chia and its extracts. Further study should be focused towards the isolation of the active principles of the dichloromethane fraction and studying their efficacy, exact mechanism(s), and safety, which could benefit the pharmaceutical industry and folk medicine practitioners who use this plant to cure diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf E. Abdel Ghani
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Muneera S. M. Al-Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Science College, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael M. Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ehsan M. AbouZeid
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Marwa Y. Mahmoud
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Rehab H. Abdallah
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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12
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Youssef SM, El-Serafy RS, Ghanem KZ, Elhakem A, Abdel Aal AA. Foliar Spray or Soil Drench: Microalgae Application Impacts on Soil Microbiology, Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses, Oil and Fatty Acid Profiles of Chia Plants under Alkaline Stress. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11121844. [PMID: 36552353 PMCID: PMC9775337 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline soil inhibits the growth and productivity of chia plants (Salvia hispanica L.). Microalgae as biofertilizers have been reported to induce alkalinity tolerance and enhance yield and quality. However, limited information is known concerning the influence of microalgae application on medical plants, including chia. Our experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of microalgae strains of Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, Nostoc muscorum, and Anabaena azollae with two application methods, foliar spray and soil drench, on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters, yield, seed and oil quality, and fatty acid profiles of chia plants cultivated under alkaline soil conditions, as well as the on soil microbial activity. The results obtained reveal that both application methods positively influenced the growth and productivity of chia plants. However, the foliar application showed significant differences in the herb's fresh and dry weights and leaf pigments, whereas the drenching application caused more effect than the foliar spray application at the reproductive stage. Untreated chia plants showed a slight decline in the growth, productivity, and antioxidant level with an increase in Na content. However, microalgae applications significantly ameliorated these impacts as they induced an enhancement in the growth, leaf pigments, total protein and carbohydrate contents, nutrient content, seed and oil yields, as well as an increase in linolenic and linoleic fatty acids, with a reduction in saturated fatty acids, namely, palmitic and lauric acid. Soil drenching generated an improvement in the soil microbial activity and caused a reduction in the pH. The treatment of A. platensis with drenching application resulted in higher seed and oil yield, with an increase of 124 and 263.3% in seed and oil yield, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah M. Youssef
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.Y.); (R.S.E.-S.)
| | - Rasha S. El-Serafy
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.Y.); (R.S.E.-S.)
| | - Kholoud Z. Ghanem
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abeer Elhakem
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Azza A. Abdel Aal
- Soil Microbiology Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
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13
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Motyka S, Koc K, Ekiert H, Blicharska E, Czarnek K, Szopa A. The Current State of Knowledge on Salvia hispanica and Salviae hispanicae semen (Chia Seeds). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041207. [PMID: 35208997 PMCID: PMC8877361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chia seeds (Salviae hispanicae semen) are obtained from Salvia hispanica L. This raw material is distinguished by its rich chemical composition and valuable nutritional properties. It is currently referred to as “health food”. The purpose of the present work was to perform a literature review on S. hispanica and chia seeds, focusing on their chemical composition, biological properties, dietary importance, and medicinal uses. The valuable biological properties of chia seeds are related to their rich chemical composition, with particularly high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, polyphenols, as well as vitamins and bioelements. The available scientific literature indicates the cardioprotective, hypotensive, antidiabetic, and antiatherosclerotic effects of this raw material. In addition, studies based on in vitro assays and animal and human models have proven that chia seeds are characterized by neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. These properties indicate a valuable role of chia in the prevention of civilization diseases. Chia seeds are increasingly popular in functional food and cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. That is attributed not only to their desirable chemical composition and biological activity but also to their high availability. Nevertheless, S. hispanica is also the object of specific biotechnological studies aimed at elaboration of micropropagation protocols of this plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Motyka
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.M.); (K.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Katarzyna Koc
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.M.); (K.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.M.); (K.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-814487182 (E.B.); +48-126205430 (A.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Czarnek
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health Sciences in Lublin, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.M.); (K.K.); (H.E.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-814487182 (E.B.); +48-126205430 (A.S.)
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Fan M, Wang T, Peng LY, Huang JS, Wu XD, Wang HY, Zhao QS. Neo-clerodane Diterpenoids with Hypoglycemic Effects in Vivo from the Aerial Parts of Salvia hispanica L. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100517. [PMID: 34292661 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new neo-clerodane diterpenoid, salvihispin H (1), and six known ones (2-7) were identified from the aerial parts of Salvia hispanica L. The structure and absolute configuration of 1 were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic (1 H, 13 C, and 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The anti-diabetic effects of salvihispin H (1) and salvifaricin (2) were evaluated in diabetic db/db mice. The data showed that 1 and 2 could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose level and improve insulin resistance, and compound 1 exerted glucose-lowering effect more quickly than metformin. In addition, 1 and 2 could also reduce serum TG level in db/db mice. These results demonstrated that compounds 1 and 2 could be considered as potent candidates for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Li-Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Shang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xing-De Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P. R. China
| | - He-Yao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P. R. China
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15
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Bordin-Rodrigues JC, da Silva TRB, Del Moura Soares DF, Stracieri J, Ducheski RLP, da Silva GD. Bean and chia development in accordance with fertilization management. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07316. [PMID: 34195423 PMCID: PMC8237589 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chia seed is expanding on the market due to its characteristics, but there are few studies on its response to residual fertilization of other crops. The objective was to evaluate the vegetative and productive parameters of common bean as a function of the base fertilization increment and to verify the influence of the residue of this fertilization on the development of chia. The experiment was carried out in two stages, Maringá State University, Umuarama Regional Campus, in a randomized block design with 4 replications. The treatments for the first stage were: T1 - doses recommended for beans and T2, T3, T4 and T5, were recommended doses for beans with increments for each treatment. The evaluated variables were: shoot dry matter, number of pods per plant, grains per plant, grains per pod, 1000 grains weight and yield. In the second stage, the experiment was installed in the same place of the previous cultivation. The treatments were: residual bean fertilization, T6 - plus the treatment with the recommendation for chia. The evaluated variables were: macro and micronutrient leaf contents, shoot dry matter, final plant population, 1.000 grains weight, oil content and yield. For beans and chia, soil samples were collected after harvest to evaluate chemical attributes. In common bean, the results were not significant in the evaluated parameters. In soil, the residual effect of beans was significant for P and K, with 27.2 mg dm−3 and 167.70 mg dm−3, in treatment T5 and chia was 23.1 mg dm−3 and 89.7 mg dm−3, for treatment T6, respectively. In chia, yield, oil content and P for leaf macro and micronutrient leaf contents were significant. Thus, the vegetative and productive parameters of the common bean were not influenced by the increase in fertilization. The residual effect was higher for P and K, for beans and chia. For chia, influences by residual effect were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Calzavara Bordin-Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Campus Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias. Estrada da Paca, São Cristóvão, 87501-970, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tiago Roque Benetoli da Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Campus Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias. Estrada da Paca, São Cristóvão, 87501-970, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Debora Fernandes Del Moura Soares
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Campus Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias. Estrada da Paca, São Cristóvão, 87501-970, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Stracieri
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Campus Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Gessica Daiane da Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Campus Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias. Estrada da Paca, São Cristóvão, 87501-970, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
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16
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Abdel-Aty AM, Elsayed AM, Salah HA, Bassuiny RI, Mohamed SA. Egyptian chia seeds ( Salvia hispanica L.) during germination: Upgrading of phenolic profile, antioxidant, antibacterial properties and relevant enzymes activities. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:723-734. [PMID: 34123468 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Little studies on chia sprouts were not deeply address the polyphenols profiles and their functional properties during long period of germination. This study aims to evaluate the impact of germination process on the phenolic profile, antioxidant and antibacterial properties and relevant enzymes activities of Egyptian chia seeds. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of chia sprouts increased several times during ten days of germination and maximized on 7-day sprouts (6.4 and 11.5 folds, respectively). In HPLC analysis, seventeen phenolic compounds were detected on 7-day sprouts compared to fifteen in dry seeds, where two new phenolic compounds (p-coumaric acid and kaempferol) were detected. The concentrations of all the identified phenolic compounds increased several folds (1.8-27) on 7-day sprouts. The total antioxidant activity increased 10, 17, and 29 folds on 7-day sprouts using DPPH, ABTS and PMC antioxidant methods, respectively compared to the dry seeds. Both antioxidant and carbohydrate-cleaving enzymes increased in chia sprouts and correlated with their phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The phenolic content of 7-day sprouts showed a potent antibacterial activity against some human enteric pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli O157-H7, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with lower MIC values compared to the raw seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza M Abdel-Aty
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hala A Salah
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roqaya I Bassuiny
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Mohamed
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Gopalam R, Datey A, Bijoor S, Chakravortty D, Tumaney AW. Biochemical Characterization of Acyl-CoA: Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase (LPCAT) Enzyme from the Seeds of Salvia hispanica. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:963-972. [PMID: 34129179 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Salvia hispanica (chia) is the highest reported terrestrial plant source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, ~ 65%), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with numerous health benefits. The molecular basis of high ALA accumulation in chia is yet to be understood. We have identified lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) gene from the developing seed transcriptome data of chia and carried out its biochemical characterization through heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression profiling showed that the enzyme was active throughout the seed development, indicating a pivotal role in oil biosynthesis. The enzyme could utilize both saturated and unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholine substrates at the same rate, to synthesize phosphatidylcholine (PC). The enzyme also exhibited lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) activity, by preferring lysophosphatidic acid substrate. Substrate specificity studies showed that the enzyme preferred both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acyl CoAs over saturated CoAs. This activity may play a key role in enriching the PC fraction with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). PUFAs present on PC can be transferred to oil through the action of other acyltransferases. Our results describe a new LPCAT enzyme that can be used to biotechnologically alter oilseed crops to incorporate more PUFA in its seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gopalam
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Akshay Datey
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Sharath Bijoor
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Ajay W Tumaney
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, 570020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Klein A, Husselmann LHH, Williams A, Bell L, Cooper B, Ragar B, Tabb DL. Proteomic Identification and Meta-Analysis in Salvia hispanica RNA-Seq de novo Assemblies. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:765. [PMID: 33919777 PMCID: PMC8070742 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
While proteomics has demonstrated its value for model organisms and for organisms with mature genome sequence annotations, proteomics has been of less value in nonmodel organisms that are unaccompanied by genome sequence annotations. This project sought to determine the value of RNA-Seq experiments as a basis for establishing a set of protein sequences to represent a nonmodel organism, in this case, the pseudocereal chia. Assembling four publicly available chia RNA-Seq datasets produced transcript sequence sets with a high BUSCO completeness, though the number of transcript sequences and Trinity "genes" varied considerably among them. After six-frame translation, ProteinOrtho detected substantial numbers of orthologs among other species within the taxonomic order Lamiales. These protein sequence databases demonstrated a good identification efficiency for three different LC-MS/MS proteomics experiments, though a seed proteome showed considerable variability in the identification of peptides based on seed protein sequence inclusion. If a proteomics experiment emphasizes a particular tissue, an RNA-Seq experiment incorporating that same tissue is more likely to support a database search identification of that proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwil Klein
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.K.); (L.H.H.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Lizex H. H. Husselmann
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.K.); (L.H.H.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Achmat Williams
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.K.); (L.H.H.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Liam Bell
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Bret Cooper
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Brent Ragar
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02150, USA;
| | - David L. Tabb
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.K.); (L.H.H.H.); (A.W.)
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7500, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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19
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Fadwa EO, Amssayef A, Eddouks M. Antihyperglycemic and Antidyslipidemic Activities of the Aqueous Salvia hispanica Extract in Diabetic Rat. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:60-66. [PMID: 33438569 DOI: 10.2174/1871525719666210112154340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study targeted to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of Salvia hispanica. BACKGROUND Salvia hispanica L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant with many beneficial properties on human health. OBJECTIVE This objective of the study was to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of Salvia hispanica (S. hispanica) seeds and its capacity to improve lipid profile in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The seed aqueous extract of S. hispanica (SHSAE) at a dose of 100 mg/kg was administered orally in normal and diabetic rats. The effect of oral SHSAE treatment on blood glucose and lipid levels during 15 days was assessed in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out. The antioxidant activity of SHSAE was also examined. RESULTS The decrease of glycemia in rats following the administration of the plant extract suggested that the studied extract possesses antidiabetic effect. The extract of S. hispanica produced hypolipidemic effect with a significant lowering effect on plasma total cholesterol levels and increase on HDL-cholesterol levels. SHSAE was also able to enhance glucose tolerance using OGTT. Moreover, SHSAE possess a potential antioxidant effect in vitro. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study demonstrates the antihyperglycemic and antilipidemic effects of SHSAE in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Ouady Fadwa
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000. Errachidia. Morocco
| | - Ayoub Amssayef
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000. Errachidia. Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000. Errachidia. Morocco
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20
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Kiani M, Rabiee N, Bagherzadeh M, Ghadiri AM, Fatahi Y, Dinarvand R, Webster TJ. Improved green biosynthesis of chitosan decorated Ag- and Co 3O 4-nanoparticles: A relationship between surface morphology, photocatalytic and biomedical applications. Nanomedicine 2020; 32:102331. [PMID: 33181272 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AgNPs@Chitosan and Co3O4-NPs@Chitosan were fabricated with Salvia hispanica. Results showed MZI values of 5 and 30 mm for Co3O4-NPs- and AgNPs@Chitosan against S. aureus, and 15 and 21 mm for Co3O4-NPs- and AgNPs@Chitosan against E. coli (24 h, 20 μg/mL), respectively. MTT assays showed up to 80% and 90%, 71% and 75%, and 91% and 94% mammalian cell viability for the green synthesized, chemically synthesized AgNPs and green synthesized AgNPs@Chitosan for HEK-293 and PC12 cells, respectively, and 70% and 71%, 59% and 62%, and 88% and 73% for the related Co3O4-NPs (24 h, 20 μg/mL). The photocatalytic activities showed dye degradation after 135 and 105 min for AgNPs@Chitosan and Co3O4-NPs@Chitosan, respectively. FESEM results showed differences in particle sizes (32 ± 3.0 nm for the AgNPs and 41 ± 3.0 nm for the Co3O4NPs) but AFM results showed lower roughness of the AgNPs@Chitosan (7.639 ± 0.85 nm) compared to Co3O4NPs@Chitosan (9.218 ± 0.93 nm), which resulted in potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Kiani
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Meyer SLF, MacDonald MH, Reetz ND, Kantor MR, Carta LK, Handoo ZA, Camp MJ, Phillips TD. Chia: Host Status for Meloidogyne incognita and Activity of Plant Extracts. Plant Dis 2020; 104:2979-2985. [PMID: 32924874 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-19-2171-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds are used for food, drinks, oil, and animal feed, and all plant parts are employed in traditional medicine. The growing demand for the seed has created a need for improved disease management. Plant-parasitic nematodes have been found on other Salvia spp., but none have been reported from S. hispanica. Chia has also not been tested for production of compounds active against these nematodes. Therefore, aqueous extracts from shoots and roots of six chia lines, Brad's Organic, Cono, E2, G3, G5, and W13.1, were tested in laboratory assays. Some concentrations of all extracts were nematotoxic, killing about one-third of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood second-stage juveniles (J2s) in shoot extracts and up to nearly half of J2s in root extracts. Hatch was generally not affected by the extracts. In greenhouse trials, all six chia lines were hosts of M. incognita. Chia line G3 had approximately two times or more eggs per gram of root than Brad's Organic or Cono. When cucumber seedlings were transplanted into soil amended with chopped chia shoots (2.3 or 2.5% weight of fresh shoots/weight of dry soil), galling and egg production on cucumber roots were not suppressed. To our knowledge, this is the first report that chia is a host to M. incognita (or any phytoparasitic nematode) and that chia shoots and roots produce compounds active against a nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L F Meyer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Margaret H MacDonald
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Nathan D Reetz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Mihail R Kantor
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Lynn K Carta
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Zafar A Handoo
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Mary J Camp
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, ARS Statistics Group, Office of the Director, Northeast Area, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Tim D Phillips
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
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Benetoli da Silva TR, de Melo SC, Nascimento AB, Ambrosano L, Bordin JC, Alves CZ, Secco D, Santos RF, Gonçalves-Jr AC, da Silva GD. Response of chia ( Salvia hispanica) to sowing times and phosphorus rates over two crop cycles. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05051. [PMID: 33005814 PMCID: PMC7519366 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica) is an annual oilseed crop of high nutritional value. This study aimed to analyze the performance of chia plants sown at different times and grown under different phosphorus rates. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at the Experimental Farm of the State University of Maringá, Umuarama, Brazil. Treatments were arranged in a randomized split-plot design with three replications. Phosphorus fertilizer was applied at the time of sowing at rates of 0, 40, 80, or 120 kg P2O5 ha−1. Seeds were sown on four dates at 14-day intervals, starting on March 21, 2017, for the first crop and March 29, 2018, for the second crop. Plant population density, raceme number, shoot dry matter yield, thousand seed weight, seed yield, and seed oil content were determined. It was observed that the end of March is the borderline for chia cultivation, because the low temperature and rainfall conditions occurring after this period compromise chia growth. The best phosphorous rate for chia growth was 80–120 kg ha−1, which led to optimum vegetative parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucas Ambrosano
- Universidade Estadual of Maringa - UEM, Umuarama, Paraná State, Brazil
| | | | - Charline Zaratin Alves
- Universidade Federal of Mato Grosso of Sul - UFMD, Chapadão do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Deonir Secco
- Universidade of Oeste of Parana - UNIOESTE, Cascavel, Paraná State, Brazil
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Fantinati M, Priymenko N. Managing Feline Idiopathic Hypercalcemia With Chia Seeds ( Salvia hispanica L.): A Case Series. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:421. [PMID: 32793647 PMCID: PMC7387619 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We describe for the first time the use of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) as a non-pharmacological solution in managing feline idiopathic hypercalcemia when dietary change alone fails. Case Summary: Over a 2-year period of time, three female spayed, middle-aged, Domestic Shorthair cats were diagnosed with idiopathic hypercalcemia. Reason for consultation were lethargy and dysorexia, with a single episode of vomiting described in one cat and dysuria in another. Thorough diagnostic work-up included complete blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, ionized calcium, calcemic hormones, parathyroid hormone-related protein, and imaging of chest and abdomen. Based on different nutritional reasons, each cat was switched to a different high-moisture pet food as first-step in managing the disorder: a high-fiber diet, a diet formulated for chronic kidney disease management and a diet designed to prevent calcium oxalate urolithiasis. In the three cats, 6 weeks of dietary change alone did not result in normocalcemia. Before resorting to any pharmacological solution, supplementation to the diet of chia seeds (2 g/cat/day) was started. After 4 weeks from the introduction of Salvia hispanica L., all cats achieved normalization of ionized calcium concentration. Conclusion: Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation could be a useful tool in managing feline idiopathic hypercalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fantinati
- Nutrition Department, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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24
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Miranda-Ramos K, Millán-Linares MC, Haros CM. Effect of Chia as Breadmaking Ingredient on Nutritional Quality, Mineral Availability, and Glycemic Index of Bread. Foods 2020; 9:E663. [PMID: 32443838 PMCID: PMC7278786 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chia seeds and chia flour could be used as ingredients to enrich foods owing to their high amount of nutrients. The goal of this investigation was to provide further information about how replacing wheat flour with chia ingredients (seeds, whole flour, semi-defatted, and low-fat flours) affects the nutritional and functional value of bread. The higher levels of proteins, lipids and minerals determined in raw chia flours directly affected the increase of these nutrients. High levels of phytates were found in chia ingredients (5.1-6.6 μmol/g d.b.), which affect Zn and Fe bioavailability, as predicted by phytate/mineral molar ratios. Bread with chia had a high amount of linoleic acid, especially in bread with chia seeds, owing to protection of seed integrity during baking. Chia ingredients did not show limiting essential amino acids such as lysine, which is deficient in cereals. Glycemic index was lower in bread with chia ingredients compared to control. The beneficial effects on glucose metabolism together with the nutritional and functional characteristics could be clinically important for prevention of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Miranda-Ramos
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Guayaquil, Cdla. Universitaria Salvador Allende Malecón del Salado entre Av. Delta y Av. Kennedy, 090510 Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Claudia Monika Haros
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain;
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25
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Kulczyński B, Kobus-Cisowska J, Taczanowski M, Kmiecik D, Gramza-Michałowska A. The Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Chia Seeds-Current State of Knowledge. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1242. [PMID: 31159190 PMCID: PMC6627181 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica) is an annual herbaceous plant, the seeds of which were consumed already thousands of years ago. Current research results indicate a high nutritive value for chia seeds and confirm their extensive health-promoting properties. Research indicates that components of chia seeds are ascribed a beneficial effect on the improvement of the blood lipid profile, through their hypotensive, hypoglycaemic, antimicrobial and immunostimulatory effects. This article provides a review of the most important information concerning the potential application of chia seeds in food production. The chemical composition of chia seeds is presented and the effect of their consumption on human health is discussed. Technological properties of chia seeds are shown and current legal regulations concerning their potential use in the food industry are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kulczyński
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maciej Taczanowski
- Department of Food Quality and Management, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dominik Kmiecik
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Gramza-Michałowska
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
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Lee JS, Goh CJ, Park D, Hahn Y. Identification of a novel plant RNA virus species of the genus Amalgavirus in the family Amalgaviridae from chia ( Salvia hispanica). Genes Genomics 2019; 41:10.1007/s13258-019-00782-1. [PMID: 30649686 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chia (Salvia hispanica) is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, which produces seeds that are a rich source of various nutritional compounds. OBJECTIVE To identify a novel RNA virus potentially associated with chia. METHODS Transcriptome data obtained from developing chia seeds were assembled into contigs. Sequence contigs containing an open reading frame (ORF) that showed amino acid identities with a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) were identified and analyzed. RESULTS A genomic sequence of a novel plant RNA virus named Salvia hispanica RNA virus 1 (ShRV1) was identified in a chia seed transcriptome dataset. The ShRV1 genome sequence has two ORFs that showed high sequence identities with ORFs of known members of the genus Amalgavirus in the family Amalgaviridae. Amalgaviridae is a family of positive-sense double-stranded non-segmented RNA viruses that infect plants, fungi, and animals. The ShRV1 genome encodes two proteins: a putative replication factory matrix-like protein from ORF1 and an RdRp from the fused ORF of ORF1 and ORF2 by a + 1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) mechanism. A conserved + 1 PRF motif sequence UUU_CGU was found at the ORF1/ORF2 boundary. A comparison of 31 amalgavirus ORF1 + 2 fusion proteins revealed that only three positions were repeatedly used as a + 1 PRF site during amalgavirus evolution. CONCLUSION ShRV1 is a novel virus found to be associated with chia and may be useful for studying the molecular features of amalgaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seok Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Chul Jun Goh
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Dongbin Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Hahn
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
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Rosas-Ramírez DG, Fragoso-Serrano M, Escandón-Rivera S, Vargas-Ramírez AL, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Soriano-García M. Resistance-modifying Activity in Vinblastine-resistant Human Breast Cancer Cells by Oligosaccharides Obtained from Mucilage of Chia Seeds ( Salvia hispanica). Phytother Res 2017; 31:906-914. [PMID: 28425219 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype is considered as a major cause of the failure in cancer chemotherapy. The acquisition of MDR is usually mediated by the overexpression of drug efflux pumps of a P-glycoprotein. The development of compounds that mitigate the MDR phenotype by modulating the activity of these transport proteins is an important yet elusive target. Here, we screened the saponification and enzymatic degradation products from Salvia hispanica seed's mucilage to discover modulating compounds of the acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic in breast cancer cells. Preparative-scale recycling HPLC was used to purify the hydrolysis degradation products. All compounds were tested in eight different cancer cell lines and Vero cells. All compounds were noncytotoxic at the concentration tested against the drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cells (IC50 > 29.2 μM). For the all products, a moderate vinblastine-enhancing activity from 4.55-fold to 6.82-fold was observed. That could be significant from a therapeutic perspective. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Rosas-Ramírez
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mabel Fragoso-Serrano
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Escandón-Rivera
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alba L Vargas-Ramírez
- Unidad de Proteómica Médica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, 14610, DF, Mexico
| | - Juan P Reyes-Grajeda
- Unidad de Proteómica Médica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, 14610, DF, Mexico
| | - Manuel Soriano-García
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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Castejón N, Luna P, Señoráns FJ. Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds ( Salvia hispanica L.). J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:2572-2579. [PMID: 28267913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. For that reason, the aim of this study was to develop a gentle extraction method for mucilage in order to extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids and compare with organic solvent extraction. The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). In addition, chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate fatty acid composition at different extraction conditions. Chia oil contained ∼65% of α-linolenic acid regardless of mucilage extraction method, solvent, or temperature used. Furthermore, tocopherols and tocotrienols were also analyzed by HPLC in the extracted chia oils. The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Castejón
- Healthy-Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Luna
- Healthy-Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Señoráns
- Healthy-Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Imran M, Nadeem M, Manzoor MF, Javed A, Ali Z, Akhtar MN, Ali M, Hussain Y. Fatty acids characterization, oxidative perspectives and consumer acceptability of oil extracted from pre-treated chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) seeds. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:162. [PMID: 27647503 PMCID: PMC5290651 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds have been described as a good source of lipids, protein, dietary fiber, polyphenolic compounds and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The consumption of chia seed oil helps to improve biological markers related to metabolic syndrome diseases. The oil yield and fatty acids composition of chia oil is affected by several factors such as pre-treatment method and size reduction practices. Therefore, the main mandate of present investigate was to study the effect of different seed pre-treatments on yield, fatty acids composition and sensory acceptability of chia oil at different storage intervals and conditions. Methods Raw chia seeds were characterized for proximate composition. Raw chia seeds after milling were passed through sieves to obtain different particle size fractions (coarse, seed particle size ≥ 10 mm; medium, seed particle size ≥ 5 mm; fine, seed particle size ≤ 5 mm). Heat pre-treatment of chia seeds included the water boiling (100 C°, 5 min), microwave roasting (900 W, 2450 MHz, 2.5 min), oven drying (105 ± 5 °C, 1 h) and autoclaving (121 °C, 15 lbs, 15 min) process. Extracted oil from pre-treated chia seeds were stored in Tin cans at 25 ± 2 °C and 4 ± 1 °C for 60–days and examined for physical (color, melting point, refractive index), oxidative (iodine value, peroxide value, free fatty acids), fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic) composition and sensory (appearance, flavor, overall acceptability) parameters, respectively. Results The proximal composition of chia seeds consisted of 6.16 ± 0.24 % moisture, 34.84 ± 0.62 % oil, 18.21 ± 0.45 % protein, 4.16 ± 0.37 % ash, 23.12 ± 0.29 % fiber, and 14.18 ± 0.23 % nitrogen contents. The oil yield as a result of seed pre-treatments was found in the range of 3.43 ± 0.22 % (water boiled samples) to 32.18 ± 0.34 % (autoclaved samples). The oil samples at day 0 indicated the maximum color (R and Y Lovibond scale) value for oven drying while at storage day 60 (25 ± 2 °C), the highest color value was found for autoclave pre-treatment. The slightly increasing trend of color values for all treatments was observed during the storage period. The lowest iodine value (182.83 ± 1.18 g/100 g at storage day 0 & 173.49 ± 1.21 g/100 g at storage day 60, 25 ± 2 °C) was calculated for autoclaved samples while the maximum iodine value (193.42 ± 1.14 g/100 g at storage day 0 & 190.36 ± 1.17 g/100 g at storage day 60, 25 ± 2 °C) was recorded for raw chia samples. The significant increasing trend for all treatments was observed in case of peroxide value and free fatty acids production during storage. Maximum decrease in linoleic (35 %) and α-linolenic (18 %) fatty acids was observed in autoclaved samples. The oil from pre-treated seed samples obtained decreasing scores for sensory parameters throughout the storage period at different conditions. Conclusions As a result, chia seeds are an important source of lipids and essential fatty acids. The water boiling and high temperature processing of chia seeds provides instability to lipids during storage at room temperature. However, detailed investigation is required on the processing performance and storage stability of food products supplemented with pre-treated chia seeds and furthers their effect on biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Home Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Javed
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Home Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ali
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Home Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Government College University, Sub Campus Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Home Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Hussain
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Home Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Valdivia-López MÁ, Tecante A. Chia ( Salvia hispanica): A Review of Native Mexican Seed and its Nutritional and Functional Properties. Adv Food Nutr Res 2015; 75:53-75. [PMID: 26319904 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, a review is made on various aspects of chia seed in order to provide an overall, yet comprehensive view, about this important commodity with the aim of updating the current state of knowledge on its composition, possible nutraceutical properties, and potential benefits for human health. Based on this approach, the discussion includes some comments on the main historical aspects, morphology of the seed, its importance in the diet of humans and stresses the main results issued from investigations on its three main components; lipid, protein, and fiber. The chapter closes with a discussion on the potential benefits for human health, highlighting the contradictions that still exist in this area and the need for continued research in this direction and considerations on the role of chia seed as a functional food.
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Marineli RDS, Moura CS, Moraes ÉA, Lenquiste SA, Lollo PCB, Morato PN, Amaya-Farfan J, Maróstica MR. Chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) enhances HSP, PGC-1α expressions and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rats. Nutrition 2014; 31:740-8. [PMID: 25837222 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chia seed and chia oil on heat shock protein (HSP) and related parameters in diet-induced obese rats. METHODS Animals were divided in six groups: control, high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFF), and HFF with chia seed or chia oil in short (6-wk) and long (12-wk) treatments. Plasma indicators of glucose tolerance and liver damage, skeletal muscle expression of antioxidant enzymes, and proteins controlling oxidative energy metabolism were determined. The limit of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The HFF diet induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and altered parameters related to obesity complications. The consumption of chia seed or chia oil did not reduce body weight gain or abdominal fat accumulation. However, chia seed and chia oil in both treatments improved glucose and insulin tolerance. Chia oil in both treatments induced expression of HSP70 and HSP25 in skeletal muscle. Short treatment with chia seed increased expression of HSP70, but not HSP25. Chia oil in both treatments restored superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase expression. Extended treatment with chia seed and short treatment with chia oil restored peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression. CONCLUSION Chia oil restored the antioxidant system and induced the expression of a higher number of proteins than chia seed. The present study demonstrated new properties and molecular mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of chia seed and chia oil consumption in diet-induced obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela da Silva Marineli
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Soares Moura
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érica Aguiar Moraes
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Alves Lenquiste
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Neder Morato
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime Amaya-Farfan
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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