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Habib S, Osborn G, Willsmore Z, Chew MW, Jakubow S, Fitzpatrick A, Wu Y, Sinha K, Lloyd-Hughes H, Geh JLC, MacKenzie-Ross AD, Whittaker S, Sanz-Moreno V, Lacy KE, Karagiannis SN, Adams R. Tumor associated macrophages as key contributors and targets in current and future therapies for melanoma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:895-911. [PMID: 38533720 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2326626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the success of immunotherapies for melanoma in recent years, there remains a significant proportion of patients who do not yet derive benefit from available treatments. Immunotherapies currently licensed for clinical use target the adaptive immune system, focussing on Tcell interactions and functions. However, the most prevalent immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of melanoma are macrophages, a diverse immune cell subset displaying high plasticity, to which no current therapies are yet directly targeted. Macrophages have been shown not only to activate the adaptive immune response, and enhance cancer cell killing, but, when influenced by factors within the TME of melanoma, these cells also promote melanoma tumorigenesis and metastasis. AREAS COVERED We present a review of the most up-to-date literatureavailable on PubMed, focussing on studies from within the last 10 years. We also include data from ongoing and recent clinical trials targeting macrophages in melanoma listed on clinicaltrials.gov. EXPERT OPINION Understanding the multifaceted role of macrophages in melanoma, including their interactions with immune and cancer cells, the influence of current therapies on macrophage phenotype and functions and how macrophages could be targeted with novel treatment approaches, are all critical for improving outcomes for patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Habib
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriel Osborn
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zena Willsmore
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Min Waye Chew
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Jakubow
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda Fitzpatrick
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Oncology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yin Wu
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Oncology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Khushboo Sinha
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Hawys Lloyd-Hughes
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, England
| | - Jenny L C Geh
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, England
| | | | - Sean Whittaker
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Adams
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Liu Y, Yang J, Guo Z, Li Q, Zhang L, Zhao L, Zhou X. Immunomodulatory Effect of Cordyceps militaris Polysaccharide on RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Regulating MAPK Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2024; 29:3408. [PMID: 39064986 PMCID: PMC11279930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide is one of the principal bioactive components found in medicinal mushrooms and has been proven to enhance host immunity. However, the possible mechanism of immunomodulatory activity of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide is not fully understood. Hot water extraction and alcohol precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 chromatography were used to isolate polysaccharide from C. militaris. A high-molecular-weight polysaccharide isolated from C. militaris was designated as HCMP, which had an Mw of 6.18 × 105 Da and was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and xylose in a mole ratio of 2.00:8.01:72.54:15.98:1.02. The polysaccharide content of HCMP was 91.2% ± 0.16. The test in vitro showed that HCMP activated mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells by enhancing phagocytosis and NO production, and by regulating mRNA expressions of inflammation-related molecules in RAW 264.7 cells. Western blotting revealed that HCMP induced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Moreover, using inhibitors of MAPKs decreased the mRNA levels of inflammation-related molecules induced by HCMP. These data evidenced that the immunomodulatory effect of HCMP on RAW 264.7 macrophages was mediated via the MAPK signaling pathway. These findings suggested that HCMP could be developed as a potent immunomodulatory agent for use in functional foods and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.)
- Engineering Research Center of Therapeutic Antibody (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.)
- Engineering Research Center of Therapeutic Antibody (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhijian Guo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.)
- Engineering Research Center of Therapeutic Antibody (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qizhang Li
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Lida Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.)
- Engineering Research Center of Therapeutic Antibody (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lingxia Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.)
- Engineering Research Center of Therapeutic Antibody (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuanwei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.)
- Engineering Research Center of Therapeutic Antibody (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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3
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Zhu L, Wang J, Tang Q, Liu Y. Structural Elucidation and Anti-Tumor Activity of a Polysaccharide (CP2-S) from Cordyceps militaris Fruit Bodies. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 39065289 PMCID: PMC11280683 DOI: 10.3390/polym16141972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A polysaccharide (CP2-S), consisting of glucose with a weight average molecular weight of 5.9 × 106, was purified from the fruit bodies of Cordyceps militaris. In this work, the corresponding structure and anti-tumor activity in vivo were investigated. Methylation and NMR analysis revealed that CP2-S was composed of a →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ backbone with partial substitution occurring at O-6 by T-linked α-D-Glcp in every ten residues, which has not been reported in previous reports. In vivo anti-tumor experiments showed that CP2-S could inhibit the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. Tumor inhibition rates were 17.8%, 24.5%, and 29.5% at dosages of 12.5, 50, and 100 mg/kg/d, respectively. Compared with the cisplatin group, mice treated with CP2-S exhibited a significant increase in spleen index (increased 22.7-42.4%) and thymus index (increased 47.7-36.8%). Additionally, serum levels of IgM and IgG in tumor-bearing mice increased by approximately 6.11~10.75-folds and 1.31~1.38-folds, respectively. These findings prove that CP2-S significantly inhibited the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma through immune-enhancing activity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Q.T.)
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Q.T.)
| | - Qingjiu Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Q.T.)
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Q.T.)
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Wang W, Zhao B, Zhang Z, Kikuchi T, Li W, Jantrawut P, Feng F, Liu F, Zhang J. Natural polysaccharides and their derivatives targeting the tumor microenvironment: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131789. [PMID: 38677708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have gained attention as valuable supplements and natural medicinal resources, particularly for their anti-tumor properties. Their low toxicity and potent anti-tumor effects make them promising candidates for cancer prevention and treatment. The tumor microenvironment is crucial in tumor development and offers potential avenues for novel cancer therapies. Research indicates that polysaccharides can positively influence the tumor microenvironment. However, the structural complexity of most anti-tumor polysaccharides, often heteropolysaccharides, poses challenges for structural analysis. To enhance their pharmacological activity, researchers have modified the structure and properties of natural polysaccharides based on structure-activity relationships, and they have discovered that many polysaccharides exhibit significantly enhanced anti-tumor activity after chemical modification. This article reviews recent strategies for targeting the tumor microenvironment with polysaccharides and briefly discusses the structure-activity relationships of anti-tumor polysaccharides. It also summarises the main chemical modification methods of polysaccharides and discusses the impact of chemical modifications on the anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides. The review aims to lay a theoretical foundation for the development of anti-tumor polysaccharides and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Anti-drug Resistant Drug Research, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, China
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - FuLei Liu
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Anti-drug Resistant Drug Research, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Wang K, Huang H, Zhan Q, Ding H, Li Y. Toll-like receptors in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e549. [PMID: 38685971 PMCID: PMC11057423 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are inflammatory triggers and belong to a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are central to the regulation of host protective adaptive immune responses. Activation of TLRs in innate immune myeloid cells directs lymphocytes to produce the most appropriate effector responses to eliminate infection and maintain homeostasis of the body's internal environment. Inappropriate TLR stimulation can lead to the development of general autoimmune diseases as well as chronic and acute inflammation, and even cancer. Therefore, TLRs are expected to be targets for therapeutic treatment of inflammation-related diseases, autoimmune diseases, microbial infections, and human cancers. This review summarizes the recent discoveries in the molecular and structural biology of TLRs. The role of different TLR signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, and even cancers (oral, gastric, breast, colorectal) is highlighted and summarizes new drugs and related clinical treatments in clinical trials, providing an overview of the potential and prospects of TLRs for the treatment of TLR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hanyao Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qi Zhan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haoran Ding
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Xu X, Luo S, Zhao X, Tang B, Zhang E, Liu J, Duan L. Computational analysis of PD-L1 dimerization mechanism induced by small molecules and potential dynamical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130921. [PMID: 38492688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The design of small molecule inhibitors that target the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a forefront issue in immune checkpoint blocking therapy. Small-molecule inhibitors have been shown to exert therapeutic effects by inducing dimerization of the PD-L1 protein, however, the specific mechanisms underlying this dimerization process remain largely unexplored. Furthermore, there is a notable lack of comparative studies examining the binding modes of structurally diverse inhibitors. In view of the research gaps, this work employed molecular dynamics simulations to meticulously examine the interactions between two distinct types of inhibitors and PD-L1 in both monomeric and dimeric forms, and predicted the dimerization mechanism. The results revealed that inhibitors initially bind to a PD-L1 monomer, subsequently attracting another monomer to form a dimer. Notably, symmetric inhibitors observed superior binding efficiency compared to other inhibitors. Key residues, including Ile54, Tyr56, Met115 and Tyr123 played a leading role in binding. Structurally, symmetric inhibitors were capable of thoroughly engaging the binding pocket, promoting a more symmetrical formation of PD-L1 dimers. Furthermore, symmetric inhibitors formed more extensive hydrophobic interactions with protein residues. The insights garnered from this research are expected to significantly contribute to the rational design and optimization of small molecule inhibitors targeting PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Xu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Song Luo
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bolin Tang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Enhao Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lili Duan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Li S, Fan R, Wang Y, He K, Xu J, Li H. Application of calcium overload-based ion interference therapy in tumor treatment: strategies, outcomes, and prospects. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1352377. [PMID: 38425645 PMCID: PMC10902152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1352377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Low selectivity and tumor drug resistance are the main hinderances to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy against tumor. Ion interference therapy is an innovative anti-tumor strategy that has been recently reported to induce metabolic disorders and inhibit proliferation of tumor cells by reordering bioactive ions within the tumor cells. Calcium cation (Ca2+) are indispensable for all physiological activities of cells. In particular, calcium overload, characterized by the abnormal intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, causes irreversible cell death. Consequently, calcium overload-based ion interference therapy has the potential to overcome resistance to traditional tumor treatment strategies and holds promise for clinical application. In this review, we 1) Summed up the current strategies employed in this therapy; 2) Described the outcome of tumor cell death resulting from this therapy; 3) Discussed its potential application in synergistic therapy with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Teaching Experiment Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Battalion, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruicheng Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Teaching Experiment Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuekai Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Teaching Experiment Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Battalion, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kunqian He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Teaching Experiment Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Battalion, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhe Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Teaching Experiment Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Teaching Experiment Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhou Y, Wang F, Li G, Xu J, Zhang J, Gullen E, Yang J, Wang J. From immune checkpoints to therapies: understanding immune checkpoint regulation and the influence of natural products and traditional medicine on immune checkpoint and immunotherapy in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340307. [PMID: 38426097 PMCID: PMC10902058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease of global concern, and immunotherapy has brought lung cancer therapy to a new era. Besides promising effects in the clinical use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and low response rates are problems unsolved. Natural products and traditional medicine with an immune-modulating nature have the property to influence immune checkpoint expression and can improve immunotherapy's effect with relatively low toxicity. This review summarizes currently approved immunotherapy and the current mechanisms known to regulate immune checkpoint expression in lung cancer. It lists natural products and traditional medicine capable of influencing immune checkpoints or synergizing with immunotherapy in lung cancer, exploring both their effects and underlying mechanisms. Future research on immune checkpoint modulation and immunotherapy combination applying natural products and traditional medicine will be based on a deeper understanding of their mechanisms regulating immune checkpoints. Continued exploration of natural products and traditional medicine holds the potential to enhance the efficacy and reduce the adverse reactions of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fenglan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangda Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Elizabeth Gullen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Dong Z, Sun X. Chemical components in cultivated Cordyceps sinensis and their effects on fibrosis. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:162-167. [PMID: 38375041 PMCID: PMC10874759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Cultivated Cordyceps sinensis powder has been used as clinical drug and healthy food to nourish the lung and kidney, which solves the problem of serious shortage of wild C. sinensis. This study aims to explore the chemical components and compared their anti-fibrotic effects in cultivated C. sinensis. Methods Nucleosides, sterols and polysaccharides were separated and purified from cultivated C. sinensis, and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemical chromogenic methods, respectively. In high glucose-induced rat mesangial cell models, fibronectin and type 1 collagen were used as evaluation indicators. Results There were 10 kinds of nucleosides and one sterol in cultivated C. sinensis. The contents of nucleosides, sterols and polysaccharides in the cultivated C. sinensis were close to 2%, 0.55% and 4.4%, respectively. Furthermore, nucleoside, sterol and polysaccharide components exhibited varying degrees of anti-fibrotic activity. The nucleoside components and sterol components inhibited the expression of extracellular matrix more effectively in the three main components. Conclusion Cultivated C. sinensis remains the similar compounds with the wild C. sinensis, and nucleosides and sterols may be the main active substances that contribute to its anti-fibrotic effects. The project of this study may provide valuable information on further optimization of more effective remedies with few side effects based on cultivated C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Niu MM, Guo HX, Shang JC, Meng XC. Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Mannose-Rich Polysaccharide Isolated from Bifidobacterium breve H4-2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19791-19803. [PMID: 38031933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel homogeneous mannose-rich polysaccharide named EPS-1 from the fermentation broth of Bifidobacterium breve H4-2 was isolated and purified by anion exchange column chromatography and gel column chromatography. The primary structure of EPS-1 was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results indicated that EPS-1 had typical functional groups of polysaccharides. EPS-1 with an average molecular weight of 3.99 × 104 Da was mainly composed of mannose (89.65%) and glucose (5.84%). The backbone of EPS-1 was →2,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→2,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→2,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ simultaneously containing two kinds of branched chains (α-d-Manp-(1→3)-α-d-Manp-(1→ and α-d-Manp-(1→). Besides, EPS-1 had a triple-helical conformation and exhibited excellent thermal stability. Moreover, the immunomodulatory activity of EPS-1 was evaluated by RAW 264.7 cells. Results indicated that EPS-1 significantly enhanced the viability of RAW 264.7 cells. EPS-1 could also be recognized by toll-like receptor 4, thereby activating the nuclear factors-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, promoting phosphorylation of related nuclear transcription factors, improving cell phagocytic activity, and promoting the secretion of NO, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Thus, EPS-1 could activate the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway to emerge immunomodulatory activity on macrophages. The above results indicate that EPS-1 can serve as a potential immune-stimulating polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huan-Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jia-Cui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiang-Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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11
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Huang X, Li S, Ding R, Li Y, Li C, Gu R. Antitumor effects of polysaccharides from medicinal lower plants: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126313. [PMID: 37579902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, yet the drugs currently approved for cancer treatment are associated with significant side effects, making it urgent to develop alternative drugs with low side effects. Polysaccharides are natural polymers with ketone or aldehyde groups, which are widely found in plants and have various biological activities such as immunomodulation, antitumor and hypolipidemic. The lower plants have attracted much attention for their outstanding anticancer effects, and many studies have shown that medicinal lower plant polysaccharides (MLPPs) have antitumor activity against various cancers and are promising alternatives with potential development in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Therefore, this review describes the structure and mechanism of action of MLPPs with antitumor activity. In addition, the application of MLPPs in cancer treatment is discussed, and the future development of MLPPs is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Canlin Li
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Xie Z, Jiang N, Lin M, He X, Li B, Dong Y, Chen S, Lv G. The Mechanisms of Polysaccharides from Tonic Chinese Herbal Medicine on the Enhancement Immune Function: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7355. [PMID: 37959774 PMCID: PMC10648855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tonic Chinese herbal medicine is a type of traditional Chinese medicine, and its primary function is to restore the body's lost nutrients, improve activity levels, increase disease resistance, and alleviate physical exhaustion. The body's immunity can be strengthened by its polysaccharide components, which also have a potent immune-system-protecting effect. Several studies have demonstrated that tonic Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides can improve the body's immune response to tumor cells, viruses, bacteria, and other harmful substances. However, the regulatory mechanisms by which various polysaccharides used in tonic Chinese herbal medicine enhance immune function vary. This study examines the regulatory effects of different tonic Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides on immune organs, immune cells, and immune-related cytokines. It explores the immune response mechanism to understand the similarities and differences in the effects of tonic Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides on immune function and to lay the foundation for the future development of tonic Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharide products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Ninghua Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China;
| | - Minqiu Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Xinglishang He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Yingjie Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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13
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Zhu XY, Li J. Potential targets of natural medicines: preventing lung cancer pre-metastatic niche formation by regulating exosomes. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1137007. [PMID: 37700835 PMCID: PMC10493872 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1137007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide with high incidence and mortality, and the incidence continues to rise. Metastasis is the leading cause of death in lung cancer patients, yet the molecular effectors underlying tumor dissemination remain poorly defined. Research findings in recent years confirmed primed microenvironment of future metastatic sites, called the pre-metastatic niche, is a prerequisite for overt metastasis. Exosomes have recently emerged as important players in pre-metastatic niche formation. Natural medicines have traditionally been rich sources of drug discovery. Some of them exhibit favorable anti-lung cancer activity. The review focused on the latest advances in the regulation of the pre-metastatic niche formation in lung cancer by the contents of exosomes of representative natural medicines. Additionally, the mechanism of natural medicines was summarized in detail, which would provide new insights for anti-cancer new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Liang D, Liu L, Zhao Y, Luo Z, He Y, Li Y, Tang S, Tang J, Chen N. Targeting extracellular matrix through phytochemicals: a promising approach of multi-step actions on the treatment and prevention of cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186712. [PMID: 37560476 PMCID: PMC10407561 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal and dynamic role in the construction of tumor microenvironment (TME), becoming the focus in cancer research and treatment. Multiple cell signaling in ECM remodeling contribute to uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion and drug resistance of cancer. Targeting trilogy of ECM remodeling could be a new strategy during the early-, middle-, advanced-stages of cancer and overcoming drug resistance. Currently nearly 60% of the alternative anticancer drugs are derived from natural products or active ingredients or structural analogs isolated from plants. According to the characteristics of ECM, this manuscript proposes three phases of whole-process management of cancer, including prevention of cancer development in the early stage of cancer (Phase I); prevent the metastasis of tumor in the middle stage of cancer (Phase II); provide a novel method in the use of immunotherapy for advanced cancer (Phase III), and present novel insights on the contribution of natural products use as innovative strategies to exert anticancer effects by targeting components in ECM. Herein, we focus on trilogy of ECM remodeling and the interaction among ECM, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and sort out the intervention effects of natural products on the ECM and related targets in the tumor progression, provide a reference for the development of new drugs against tumor metastasis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyi Luo
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yadi He
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Zhan X, Xu X, Zhang P, Wang X, Hu Z, Zhao W, Hang T, Song M. Crude polysaccharide from Danggui Buxue decoction enhanced the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine by remodeling tumor-associated macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125063. [PMID: 37245770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with an M2-phenotype mediate gemcitabine resistance to cancer by influencing the metabolic enzymes of gemcitabine and releasing competitive deoxycytidine (dC). Our previous studies showed that Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD), a traditional Chinese medicinal recipe, enhances the anti-tumor activity of gemcitabine in vivo and alleviates gemcitabine-induced myelosuppression. However, the material basis and exact mechanism underlying its enhanced effects remain unclear. In this study, a bioactive polysaccharide consisting of arabinose, mannose, ribose, and glucose was isolated from DBD. In vivo results demonstrated that DBD crude polysaccharide (DBDP) ameliorated gemcitabine-induced immune system disorders. Moreover, DBDP improved the sensitivity of Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice to gemcitabine by reshaping the tumor-promoting M2-like macrophages into tumor-inhibiting M1-phenotypes. Furthermore, in vitro results further revealed that DBDP blocked the protective effects of TAMs and M2-macrophages against gemcitabine by inhibiting the excessive secretion of dC and decreasing the high expression of cytidine deaminase. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that DBDP, as the pharmacodynamic material basis of DBD, enhanced the anti-tumor activity of gemcitabine against lung cancer in vitro and in vivo, which was associated with remodeling of the M2-phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhaoliang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Taijun Hang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Min Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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16
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Budi HS, Farhood B. Targeting oral tumor microenvironment for effective therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:101. [PMID: 37221555 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers are among the common head and neck malignancies. Different anticancer therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and also targeted molecular therapy may be prescribed for targeting oral malignancies. Traditionally, it has been assumed that targeting malignant cells alone by anticancer modalities such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy suppresses tumor growth. In the last decade, a large number of experiments have confirmed the pivotal role of other cells and secreted molecules in the tumor microenvironment (TME) on tumor progression. Extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive cells such as tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play key roles in the progression of tumors like oral cancers and resistance to therapy. On the other hand, infiltrated CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells are key anti-tumor cells that suppress the proliferation of malignant cells. Modulation of extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive cells, and also stimulation of anticancer immunity have been suggested to treat oral malignancies more effectively. Furthermore, the administration of some adjuvants or combination therapy modalities may suppress oral malignancies more effectively. In this review, we discuss various interactions between oral cancer cells and TME. Furthermore, we also review the basic mechanisms within oral TME that may cause resistance to therapy. Potential targets and approaches for overcoming the resistance of oral cancers to various anticancer modalities will also be reviewed. The findings for targeting cells and potential therapeutic targets in clinical studies will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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17
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Xie L, Liu G, Huang Z, Zhu Z, Yang K, Liang Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Du Z. Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharide Induces Apoptosis of B16 Melanoma Cells via Promoting the M1 Polarization of Macrophages. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104018. [PMID: 37241759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor activity of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPS) has been widely reported, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we established an in vitro co-culture system (B16 melanoma cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells) to explore the potential anti-tumor mechanism of TFPS. Based on our results, TFPS exhibited no inhibition on the cell viability of B16 cells. However, significant apoptosis was observed when B16 cells were co-cultured with TFPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. We further found that mRNA levels of M1 macrophage markers including iNOS and CD80 were significantly upregulated in TFPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells, while M2 macrophage markers such as Arg-1 and CD 206 remained unchanged. Besides, the migration, phagocytosis, production of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-6 and TNF-α), and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 were markedly enhanced in TFPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways may be involved in M1 polarization of macrophages, and this hypothesis was verified by Western blot. In conclusion, our research demonstrated that TFPS induced apoptosis of melanoma cells by promoting M1 polarization of macrophages, and suggested TFPS may be applied as an immunomodulatory for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Xie
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangrong Liu
- Infinitus Company Ltd., 11 Sicheng Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zebin Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Kaiye Yang
- Infinitus Company Ltd., 11 Sicheng Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yiheng Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yani Xu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyun Du
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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18
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Pei H, He Z, Chen W, Zhao Y, Li J, Wang R, Zong Y, Du R. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis on the mechanism of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide regulating immunity through TLR4/TNF-α pathwayss. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023:e23345. [PMID: 37050869 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of polysaccharide components in the immune system, especially immunomodulatory effects, has received increasing attention. In this context, in this study, network pharmacology was adopted to explore the hypothesis of a multitarget mechanism for immune modulation by Chrysalis polysaccharides. A total of 174 common targets were screened by network pharmacology, with the main ones being TNF, MAPK3, CASP3, VEGFA, and STAT3, mostly enriched in the Toll pathway. The molecular docking results showed that the polysaccharide fraction of Chrysalis binds well to TNF proteins. Besides, in vitro cellular assays were performed to verify the ability of Chrysalis polysaccharides to regulate macrophage polarization and to screen for macrophage surface receptors. Furthermore, in vivo experiments were conducted to prove the activation of TLR4 and TNF-α protein expression in mice by Chrysalis polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Pei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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19
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Wei Y, Song D, Wang R, Li T, Wang H, Li X. Dietary fungi in cancer immunotherapy: From the perspective of gut microbiota. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1038710. [PMID: 36969071 PMCID: PMC10032459 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1038710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are recently emerged as a new strategy in treating various kinds of cancers which are insensitive to standard therapies, while the clinical application of immunotherapy is largely compromised by the low efficiency and serious side effects. Gut microbiota has been shown critical for the development of different cancer types, and the potential of gut microbiota manipulation through direct implantation or antibiotic-based depletion in regulating the overall efficacy of cancer immunotherapies has also been evaluated. However, the role of dietary supplementations, especially fungal products, in gut microbiota regulation and the enhancement of cancer immunotherapy remains elusive. In the present review, we comprehensively illustrated the limitations of current cancer immunotherapies, the biological functions as well as underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota manipulation in regulating cancer immunotherapies, and the benefits of dietary fungal supplementation in promoting cancer immunotherapies through gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingka Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Li, ; Hui Wang,
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Li, ; Hui Wang,
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20
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Hu X, Hong B, Shan X, Cheng Y, Peng D, Hu R, Wang L, Chen W. The Effect of Poria cocos Polysaccharide PCP-1C on M1 Macrophage Polarization via the Notch Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052140. [PMID: 36903383 PMCID: PMC10004619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The homogeneous galactoglucan PCP-1C extracted from Poria cocos sclerotium has multiple biological activities. The present study demonstrated the effect of PCP-1C on the polarization of RAW 264.7 macrophages and the underlying molecular mechanism. Scanning electron microscopy showed that PCP-1C is a detrital-shaped polysaccharide with fish-scale patterns on the surface, with a high sugar content. The ELISA assay, qRT-PCR assay, and flow cytometry assay showed that the presence of PCP-1C could induce higher expression of M1 markers, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-12 (IL-12), when compared with the control and the LPS group, and it caused a decrease in the level of interleukin-10 (IL-10), which is the marker for M2 macrophages. At the same time, PCP-1C induces an increase in the CD86 (an M1 marker)/CD206 (an M2 marker) ratio. The results of the Western blot assay showed that PCP-1C induced activation of the Notch signaling pathway in macrophages. Notch1, ligand Jagged1, and Hes1 were all up-regulated with the incubation of PCP-1C. These results indicate that the homogeneous Poria cocos polysaccharide PCP-1C improves M1 macrophage polarization through the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Bangzhen Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230001, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Rongfeng Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine Ministry Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230001, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (W.C.)
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21
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Shi H, Li J, Liu F, Bi S, Huang W, Luo Y, Zhang M, Song L, Yu R, Zhu J. Characterization of a novel polysaccharide from Arca subcrenata and its immunoregulatory activities in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2023; 14:822-835. [PMID: 36622059 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Arca subcrenata is an economical edible shellfish. A novel water-soluble α-D-glucan (ASPG-1) with a molecular weight of 2.56 × 106 Da was purified and characterized from A. subcrenata. Its structure was characterized as a repeating unit consisting of α-D-Glcp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp and (1 → 4,6)-α-D-Glcp. ASPG-1 exerted potent immunoregulatory activity by promoting the viability of splenic lymphocytes. Moreover, it enhanced pinocytic capacity, and promoted the secretion of NO and cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. The immunomodulatory mechanism of ASPG-1 involved the activation of the TLR4-MAPK/Akt-NF-κB signaling pathway. ASPG-1 inhibited tumor growth in 4T1 breast cancer mice and its combination with doxorubicin increased antitumor efficacy. The ASPG-1 combination with DOX-treated group (64.8%) showed an improved tumor inhibition rate compared to that of the DOX-treated group (53.3%). The antitumor mechanism of ASPG-1 may involve an enhancement of the immune response of mice to tumors. These results indicated that ASPG-1 could be developed as a potential adjuvant in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China. .,Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Jianhuan Li
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Sixue Bi
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Weijuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Man Zhang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China. .,Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China. .,Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, PR China
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22
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Chen L, Ren A, Wang Y, Qu Y, Gong H, Mayo KH, Zhou Y, Cheng H. Heterogalactan WPEP-N-b from Pleurotus eryngii enhances immunity in immunocompromised mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1010-1020. [PMID: 36410539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on in vivo immunomodulatory activities mediated by WPEP-N-b, a heterogalactan from Pleurotus eryngii. Using cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice, we demonstrate here that WPEP-N-b enhances immunity as determined by the immune organ index, peripheral blood immune cell content, splenocyte proliferation, NK cell activity and T lymphocyte subpopulations. WPEP-N-b prevented apoptosis of bone marrow cells induced by CTX. The level of cytokines (i.e. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and macrophage activity in these immunocompromised mice were restored upon treated with WPEP-N-b. Mechanistically, it appears that WPEP-N-b enhances splenocyte proliferation and NK cell activity might through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-PKC signaling axis, and increases macrophage activity by activating JNK, p38 and NF-κB signaling pathways and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is the possible receptor of WPEP-N-b in macrophages. Our findings indicate that WPEP-N-b may function as a natural immune stimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ai Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yunhe Qu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Hesong Gong
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hairong Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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23
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Reprograming immune microenvironment modulates CD47 cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Liu Y, Guo ZJ, Zhou XW. Chinese Cordyceps: Bioactive Components, Antitumor Effects and Underlying Mechanism-A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196576. [PMID: 36235111 PMCID: PMC9572669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chinese Cordyceps is a valuable source of natural products with various therapeutic effects. It is rich in various active components, of which adenosine, cordycepin and polysaccharides have been confirmed with significant immunomodulatory and antitumor functions. However, the underlying antitumor mechanism remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the chemical characteristics of the main components and their pharmacological effects and mechanism on immunomodulatory and antitumor functions. The analysis revealed that Chinese Cordyceps promotes immune cells' antitumor function by via upregulating immune responses and downregulating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and resetting the immune cells' phenotype. Moreover, Chinese Cordyceps can inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumor cells by death (including apoptosis and autophagy) induction, cell-cycle arrest, and angiogenesis inhibition. Recent evidence has revealed that the signal pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases) and serine/threonine kinase Akt were involved in the antitumor mechanisms. In conclusion, Chinese Cordyceps, one type of magic mushroom, can be potentially developed as immunomodulator and anticancer therapeutic agents.
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25
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Cordyceps militaris Carotenoids Protect Human Retinal Endothelial Cells against the Oxidative Injury and Apoptosis Resulting from H2O2. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1259093. [PMID: 36212977 PMCID: PMC9546680 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1259093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vision loss is primarily caused by age-related macular degeneration (AMD) due to oxidative retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell injury. Carotenoid utilization is deemed a possible strategy for treating AMD. Cordyceps militaris has advantages like immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative characteristics. This paper assessed the possible protective influence of carotenoids obtained by isolating and purifying the Cordyceps militaris (CMCT) into human RPE cells (ARPE-19) damaged by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The findings demonstrated that CMCT safeguarded the ARPE-19 cells against the damage and apoptosis caused by H2O2 and oxidative stress via Bcl-2 protein upregulation, as well as the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein. In addition, CMCT treatment increased cell survival and restricted the generation of H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the protein expression of NADPH oxidase-1 (NOX1). Additionally, the CMCT treatment of H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cells ameliorated high malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in oxidative stress-induced cells. The catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) returned to standard levels, which were governed by the higher expression of nuclear Nrf2 protein in the ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, this study showed that CMCT safeguarded the ARPE-19 cells against the damage caused by oxidative stress via its antioxidant activity and antiapoptotic functionality, suggesting the potential therapeutic role of CMCT in AMD prevention and mitigation.
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26
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Wei Y, Du X, Guo Y, Chang M, Deng B, Liu J, Cao J. Elucidation of physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies with different drying treatments and their effects on ulcerative colitis in zebrafish. Front Nutr 2022; 9:980357. [PMID: 36118767 PMCID: PMC9481070 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.980357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris (CMF) have been widely used in folk tonic foods and traditional herbal medicine in East Asia. Drying treatment serves as the last step in CMF industrial processes. In this work, the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from C. militaris fruiting bodies (CMFPs) with hot air drying (HD), far-infrared radiation drying (ID) and vacuum freeze-drying (FD) treatments were analyzed, and their effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) were further investigated in oxazolone-induced zebrafish. The results showed that physicochemical properties of CMFP-H, CMFP-I and CMFP-F were obvious different. CMFPs could repair the intestinal mucosal barrier, inhibit ROS generation and the activities of MDA and MPO, and improve the activities of SOD, CAT, ACP, AKP and LZM. Further detection indicated that CMFPs could better improve UC via activating the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo. However, CMFP-H, CMFP-F and CMFP-I exhibited diverse regulation effects on specific immune-related enzymes and cytokines. The data would be helpful for finding practical and rapid drying methods for macro-fungi and further exploring CMFPs as functional food ingredients or complementary medicines for the treatments of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiao Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yangbian Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mingchang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Jinzhong, China
| | - Bing Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Jinzhong, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Liu
| | - Jinling Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taiyuan, China
- Jinling Cao
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27
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Wang HY, Ge JC, Zhang FY, Zha XQ, Liu J, Li QM, Luo JP. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide promotes M1 polarization of TAMs to inhibit tumor growth by targeting TLR2. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gong R, Cao W, Huang H, Yu B, Chen H, Tao W, Luorong Q, Luo J, Zhang D. Antitumor Potential and Structure Characterization of Polysaccharides From Lagotis brevituba Maxim in the Tibetan Plateau. Front Nutr 2022; 9:921892. [PMID: 35903443 PMCID: PMC9320327 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.921892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study purified two polysaccharides (LBMPs) from Lagotis brevituba Maxim in several steps. The chemical structure of LBMP-2 was determined by HPGPC, FT-IR, IC, 1H and 13C NMR, AFM, SEM, and TEM. The results show that LBMP-2 was mainly composed of GalA, and the Mw of LBMP-2 is 23.799 kDa. In addition, the antioxidant activity, and the antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo were studied. LBMP-2 has excellent antioxidant and antitumor capacity. The inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in vitro may result in the inhibition of aerobic respiration and glycolysis. Tumor growth inhibition in vivo may inhibit the expression of AMPK in tumors and enhance spleen function. Compared with conventional chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide, LBMP-2 is less harmful to the body and safer. Therefore, LBMP-2 provides a potential source of antitumor drugs.
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Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: From Mechanism to Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122928. [PMID: 35740594 PMCID: PMC9221177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate is 90% for patients with early CRC, 70% for patients with locally advanced CRC, and 15% for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). In fact, most CRC patients are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Although chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved patient survival, some patients are initially insensitive to these drugs or initially sensitive but quickly become insensitive, and the emergence of such primary and secondary drug resistance is a significant clinical challenge. The most direct cause of resistance is the aberrant anti-tumor drug metabolism, transportation or target. With more in-depth research, it is found that cell death pathways, carcinogenic signals, compensation feedback loop signal pathways and tumor immune microenvironment also play essential roles in the drug resistance mechanism. Here, we assess the current major mechanisms of CRC resistance and describe potential therapeutic interventions.
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30
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Miao M, Yu WQ, Li Y, Sun YL, Guo SD. Structural Elucidation and Activities of Cordyceps militaris-Derived Polysaccharides: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:898674. [PMID: 35711557 PMCID: PMC9193282 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.898674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a parasitic edible fungus and has been used as tonics for centuries. Polysaccharides are a major water-soluble component of C. militaris. Recently, C. militaris-derived polysaccharides have been given much attention due to their various actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and immunomodulatory effects. These bioactivities are determined by the various structural characteristics of polysaccharides including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and glycosidic linkage. The widespread use of advanced analytical analysis tools has greatly improved the elucidation of the structural characteristics of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. However, the methods for polysaccharide structural characterization and the latest findings related to C. militaris-derived polysaccharides, especially the potential structure-activity relationship, have not been well-summarized in recent reviews of the literature. This review will discuss the methods used in the elucidation of the structure of polysaccharides and structural characteristics as well as the signaling pathways modulated by C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. This article provides information useful for the development of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides as well as for investigating other medicinal polysaccharides.
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31
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Pu Y, Ji Q. Tumor-Associated Macrophages Regulate PD-1/PD-L1 Immunosuppression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874589. [PMID: 35592338 PMCID: PMC9110638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or anti-PD-ligand (L) 1 drugs, as classic immune checkpoint inhibitors, are considered promising treatment strategies for tumors. In clinical practice, some cancer patients experience drug resistance and disease progression in the process of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play key roles in regulating PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppression by inhibiting the recruitment and function of T cells through cytokines, superficial immune checkpoint ligands, and exosomes. There are several therapies available to recover the anticancer efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors by targeting TAMs, including the inhibition of TAM differentiation and re-education of TAM activation. In this review, we will summarize the roles and mechanisms of TAMs in PD-1/PD-L1 blocker resistance. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapies that were designed to deplete TAMs, re-educate TAMs, and intervene with chemokines secreted by TAMs and exosomes from M1 macrophages, providing more potential options to improve the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhou Pu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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32
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Yuan L, Zhong ZC, Liu Y, Quan H, Lu YZ, Zhang EH, Cai H, Li LQ, Lan XZ. Structures and immunomodulatory activity of one galactose- and arabinose-rich polysaccharide from Sambucus adnata. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:730-740. [PMID: 35346678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One galactose- and arabinose-rich polysaccharide isolated from Sambucus adnata was named SPS-1, which had an average molecular weight 138.52 kDa, and was composed of L-rhamnose, D-glucuronic acid, D-galacturonic acid, D-galactose, and L-arabinose in a molar ratio of 0.6:0.4:0.1:4.9:4.0. The primary structure of SPS-1 was further analyzed through methylation and NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that SPS-1 had the structural characteristics of AG-II pectin. The immunoactivity test showed that SPS-1 activated the phosphorylation of MAPKs-related proteins and further elevated the expression levels of related nuclear transcription factors (IκBα and NF-κB p65) in the cells through the TLR2 and MyD88/TRAF6-dependent pathway, thereby significantly enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages and stimulating the secretion of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, which activated the RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, SPS-1, acting as an immunomodulator, is a potential drug for immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; Biotechnology Center, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China.
| | - Zheng-Chang Zhong
- The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Hong Quan
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; Research Institute of Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Lu
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Er-Hao Zhang
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Hao Cai
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Lian-Qiang Li
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Lan
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China.
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Dong S, Guo X, Han F, He Z, Wang Y. Emerging role of natural products in cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1163-1185. [PMID: 35530162 PMCID: PMC9069318 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become a new generation of anti-tumor treatment, but its indications still focus on several types of tumors that are sensitive to the immune system. Therefore, effective strategies that can expand its indications and enhance its efficiency become the key element for the further development of cancer immunotherapy. Natural products are reported to have this effect on cancer immunotherapy, including cancer vaccines, immune-check points inhibitors, and adoptive immune-cells therapy. And the mechanism of that is mainly attributed to the remodeling of the tumor-immunosuppressive microenvironment, which is the key factor that assists tumor to avoid the recognition and attack from immune system and cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, this review summarizes and concludes the natural products that reportedly improve cancer immunotherapy and investigates the mechanism. And we found that saponins, polysaccharides, and flavonoids are mainly three categories of natural products, which reflected significant effects combined with cancer immunotherapy through reversing the tumor-immunosuppressive microenvironment. Besides, this review also collected the studies about nano-technology used to improve the disadvantages of natural products. All of these studies showed the great potential of natural products in cancer immunotherapy.
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Key Words
- AKT, alpha-serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
- Adoptive immune-cells transfer immunotherapy
- B2M, beta-2-microglobulin
- BMDCs, bone marrow dendritic cells
- BPS, basil polysaccharide
- BTLA, B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CCL22, C–C motif chemokine 22
- CIKs, cytokine-induced killer cells
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CTL, cytotoxic T cell
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4
- Cancer immunotherapy
- Cancer vaccines
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- FDA, US Food and Drug Administration
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HER-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1
- HSPs, heat shock proteins
- ICD, Immunogenic cell death
- ICTs, immunological checkpoints
- IFN-γ, interferon γ
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- Immuno-check points
- Immunosuppressive microenvironment
- LLC, Lewis lung cancer
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex class
- MITF, melanogenesis associated transcription factor
- MMP-9, matrix metalloprotein-9
- Mcl-1, myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein 1
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NKTs, natural killer T cells
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Natural products
- OVA, ovalbumin
- PD-1, programmed death-1
- PD-L1, programmed death receptor ligand 1
- PGE-2, prostaglandin E2
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages
- TAP, transporters related with antigen processing
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TILs, tumor infiltration lymphocytes
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TSA, tumor specific antigens
- Teffs, effective T cells
- Th1, T helper type 1
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiangnan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Phull AR, Ahmed M, Park HJ. Cordyceps militaris as a Bio Functional Food Source: Pharmacological Potential, Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Related Molecular Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020405. [PMID: 35208860 PMCID: PMC8875674 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is a medicinal mushroom possessing a variety of biofunctionalities. It has several biologically important components such as polysaccharides and others. The diverse pharmacological potential of C. militaris has generated interest in reviewing the current scientific literature, with a particular focus on prevention and associated molecular mechanisms in inflammatory diseases. Due to rising global demand, research on C. militaris has continued to increase in recent years. C. militaris has shown the potential for inhibiting inflammation-related events, both in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Inflammation is a multifaceted biological process that contributes to the development and severity of diseases, including cancer, colitis, and allergies. These functions make C. militaris a suitable functional food for inhibiting inflammatory responses such as the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, on the basis of existing information, the current study provides insights towards the understanding of anti-inflammatory activity-related mechanisms. This article presents a foundation for clinical use, and analyzes the roadmap for future studies concerning the medical use of C. militaris and its constituents in the next generation of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rehman Phull
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Han C, Wang Y, Liu R, Ran B, Li W. Structural characterization and protective effect of Lonicerae flos polysaccharide on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113174. [PMID: 34999342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the structure characteristics Lonicera flos polysaccharides (LP) and the protective effects of LP on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. The results showed the yield and purity of LP was 1.41% and 94.15%, the molecular weight was 53 kDa, and composed of arabinose, rhamnose, ribose, xylose, mannose, fructose, galactose and glucose; and LP had typical polysaccharide structural characteristics via ultraviolet and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Furthermore, LP obviously alleviated the injury of spleen and thymus; significantly promoted Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM) secretion; and improved the richness of gut microbiota and the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in immunosuppressive mice. Taken together, these results suggested that LP possessed strong protective effect on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice via modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ruiying Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Beibei Ran
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Ri MH, Ma J, Jin X. Development of natural products for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy against cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114370. [PMID: 34214644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint is one of the most promising therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy, but several challenges remain in current anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Natural products, mainly derived from traditional medicine, could improve and expand anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy because of their advantages such as large diversity and multi-target effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This review summarize natural products, raw extracts, and traditional medicines with pharmacological effects associated with the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, particularly PD-L1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic literature databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, and online drugs and chemicals databases, including DrugBank, ZINC, PubChem, STITCH, and CTD, were searched without date limitation by February 2021. 'Natural product or herb or herbal plant or traditional medicine' and 'PD-L1' and 'Cancer immunotherapy' were used as the search keywords. Among 112 articles identified in database searching, 54 articles are full text articles, reporting in silico, in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. 68 articles included are review articles and grey literature such as thesis and congress abstracts. RESULTS Several natural products and traditional medicines have exhibited diverse and multi-functional effects including direct blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions, modulation of PD-L1 expression, and cooperation with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. CONCLUSION Natural products and traditional medicines can facilitate the development of more effective and acceptable diverse strategies for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, but further exploration of natural products and pharmaceutical techniques is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Hak Ri
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Faculty of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Wang L, Lu Q, Gao W, Yu S. Recent advancement on development of drug-induced macrophage polarization in control of human diseases. Life Sci 2021; 284:119914. [PMID: 34453949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, an important part of human immune system, possess a high plasticity and heterogeneity (macrophage polarization) as classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), which exert pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor effects, respectively. Thus, drug development in induction of macrophage polarization could be used to treat different human diseases. This review summarizes the recent advancement on modulation of macrophage polarization and its related molecular mechanisms induced by a number of agents. Research on the anti-inflammatory drugs to regulate the macrophage polarization accounts for a large proportion in the field and types of diseases investigated could include atherosclerosis, enteritis, nephritis, and the nervous system and skeletal diseases, while study of the anti-tumor agents to modify macrophage polarization is a novel area of research. Future study of the molecular mechanisms by which the different agents regulate the macrophage polarization could lead to an effective control of various human diseases, including inflammation and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221005, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Clinical Trial Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Yang Y, Guo T, Xu J, Xiong Y, Cui X, Ke Y, Wang C. Micelle nanovehicles for co-delivery of Lepidium meyenii Walp. (maca) polysaccharide and chloroquine to tumor-associated macrophages for synergistic cancer immunotherapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:577-589. [PMID: 34450149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we fabricated amphiphilic polysaccharide micelles for synergistic cancer immunotherapy targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Lepidium meyenii Walp. (maca) polysaccharide (MP), a naturally derived macromolecule with a strong TAM-remodeling effect, was grafted on a hydrophobic poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) segment, with a disulfide bond for redox-sensitive linkage. The amphiphilic polysaccharide derivatives could self-assemble into core (PLGA)-shell (MP)-structured micelles and encapsulate chloroquine (CQ) into the hydrophobic core. By using a 4T1-M2 macrophage co-culture model and a 4T1 tumor xenograft mouse model, we showed that the prepared micelles could co-deliver MP and CQ to the tumor sites and selectively accumulate at TAMs because of the specific properties of MP. Furthermore, the nanoparticles exerted synergistic tumor immunotherapeutic and antimetastatic effects, which might be attributable to the enhanced cell internalization of the micelles and the multiple regulatory mechanisms of MP and CQ. Thus, immunomodulatory MP may be a promising biomaterial for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan, Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan, Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Junwei Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan, Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan, Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yang Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Chengxiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan, Province, Kunming 650500, China.
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Zeng Y, Xiang Y, Sheng R, Tomás H, Rodrigues J, Gu Z, Zhang H, Gong Q, Luo K. Polysaccharide-based nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy: A review. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3358-3382. [PMID: 33817416 PMCID: PMC8005658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an effective antitumor approach through activating immune systems to eradicate tumors by immunotherapeutics. However, direct administration of "naked" immunotherapeutic agents (such as nucleic acids, cytokines, adjuvants or antigens without delivery vehicles) often results in: (1) an unsatisfactory efficacy due to suboptimal pharmacokinetics; (2) strong toxic and side effects due to low targeting (or off-target) efficiency. To overcome these shortcomings, a series of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles have been developed to carry immunotherapeutics to enhance antitumor immune responses with reduced toxicity and side effects. Polysaccharides are a family of natural polymers that hold unique physicochemical and biological properties, as they could interact with immune system to stimulate an enhanced immune response. Their structures offer versatility in synthesizing multifunctional nanocomposites, which could be chemically modified to achieve high stability and bioavailability for delivering therapeutics into tumor tissues. This review aims to highlight recent advances in polysaccharide-based nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy and propose new perspectives on the use of polysaccharide-based immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zeng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yufan Xiang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruilong Sheng
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Zeng Y, Xiang Y, Sheng R, Tomás H, Rodrigues J, Gu Z, Zhang H, Gong Q, Luo K. Polysaccharide-based nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy: A review. Bioact Mater 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Purification and characterization of a novel mixed-linkage α,β-d-glucan from Arca subcrenata and its immunoregulatory activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:207-216. [PMID: 33831453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arca subcrenata Lischke is a seafood with high nutritional value. In this study, we purified and characterized a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (ASPG-2) from Arca subcrenata with significant immunoregulatory effects and no apparent cell toxicity. ASPG-2 is a class of mixed-linkage α,β-d-glucan backbones with α-linked side chains with a molecular weight of 4.39 × 105 Da. Its structure was characterized as a repeating unit consisting of (1 → 3)-β-d-Glcp, (1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp, (1 → 4,6)-α-d-Glcp and (1 → 6)-α-d-Glcp. Using mouse RAW264.7 macrophages, we demonstrated that ASPG-2 exerted marked immunoregulatory effects by promoting the secretion of NO and increasing the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis of the expression of the cell surface molecule CD86 revealed that ASPG-2 could polarize RAW264.7 cells into the M1 type. The immunomodulatory mechanism of ASPG-2 in macrophages was associated with the activation of the TLR4-MAPK/Akt-NF-κB signalling pathways. These results indicated that ASPG-2 might be researched and developed as a potential immunomodulatory agent or health product from marine organisms.
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Ganoderma lucidum Spore Polysaccharide Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Altering Macrophage Polarity and Induction of Apoptosis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6696606. [PMID: 33748291 PMCID: PMC7954632 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6696606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ganoderma lucidum has certain components with known pharmacological effects, including strengthening immunity and anti-inflammatory activity. G. lucidum seeds inherit all its biological characteristics. G. lucidum spore polysaccharide (GLSP) is the main active ingredient to enhance these effects. However, its specific biological mechanisms are not exact. Our research is aimed at revealing the specific biological mechanism of GLSP to enhance immunity and inhibit the growth of H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Methods We extracted primary macrophages (Mø) from BALB/c mice and treated them with GLSP (800 μg/mL, 400 μg/mL, and 200 μg/mL) to observe its effects on macrophage polarization and cytokine secretion. We used GLSP and GLSP-intervened macrophage supernatant to treat H22 tumor cells and observed their effects using MTT and flow cytometry. Moreover, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to observe the effect of GLSP-intervened macrophage supernatant on the PI3K/AKT and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. Results In this study, GLSP promoted the polarization of primary macrophages to M1 type and the upregulation of some cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β1. The MTT assay revealed that GLSP+Mø at 400 μg/mL and 800 μg/mL significantly inhibited H22 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that GLSP+Mø induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, associated with the expression of critical genes and proteins (PI3K, p-AKT, BCL-2, BAX, and caspase-9) that regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway and apoptosis. GLSP reshapes the tumor microenvironment by activating macrophages, promotes the polarization of primary macrophages to M1 type, and promotes the secretion of various inflammatory factors and cytokines. Conclusion Therefore, as a natural nutrient, GLSP is a potential agent in hepatocellular carcinoma cell treatment and induction of apoptosis.
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The prospects of nanotherapeutic approaches for targeting tumor-associated macrophages in oral cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 34:102371. [PMID: 33662592 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) is currently one of the most formidable cancers plagued by challenges like low overall survivability, lymph node associated metastasis, drug resistance, and poor diagnostics. The tumor microenvironment (TME) and its constituent stromal elements are crucial modulators of tumor growth and treatment response, more specifically so with regards to resident tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and their liaison with the different stromal elements in the tumor niche (Figure 1). Interestingly, there isn't much information on TAM-targeted nanotherapy in OSCC where the first line of therapeutics for oral cancer is surgery with other therapeutics such as chemo- and radiotherapy acting only as adjuvant therapy for oral cancer. In the face of this real time situation, there have been some successful attempts at targeted therapy for OSCC cells and we believe they might elicit favorable responses against TAMs as well. Demanding our immediate attention, this review intends to provide a glimpse of the prevailing anti-TAM treatment strategies, which present great prospect for an uncharted territory like OSCC.
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Zhang C, Jiang L, Wang Z. Effect of coix seed on exopolysaccharide production of Cordyceps militaris in liquid culture. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.102999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Cheng H, Tsao H, Chiang C, Chen S. Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Cancer Immune-Theranostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001451. [PMID: 33135398 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a cutting-edge strategy that eliminates cancer cells by amplifying the host's immune system. However, the low response rate and risks of inducing systemic toxicity have raised uncertainty in the treatment. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a versatile theranostic tool can be used to target delivery of multiple immunotherapeutics and monitor cell/tissue responses. These capabilities enable the real-time characterization of the factors that contribute to immunoactivity so that future treatments can be optimized. The magnetic properties of MNPs further allow the implementation of magnetic navigation and magnetic hyperthermia for boosting the efficacy of immunotherapy. The multimodal approach opens an avenue to induce robust immune responses, minimize safety issues, and monitor immune activities simultaneously. Thus, the object of this review is to provide an overview of the burgeoning fields and to highlight novel technologies for next-generation immunotherapy. The review further correlates the properties of MNPs with the latest treatment strategies to explore the crosstalk between magnetic nanomaterials and the immune system. This comprehensive review of MNP-derived immunotherapy covers the obstacles and opportunities for future development and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung‐Wei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yi Tsao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Sheng Chiang
- Cell Therapy Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung 40421 Taiwan
| | - San‐Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
- Frontier Research Centre on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
- School of Dentistry College of Dental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807378 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science China Medical University Taichung 40421 Taiwan
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Lee CT, Huang KS, Shaw JF, Chen JR, Kuo WS, Shen G, Grumezescu AM, Holban AM, Wang YT, Wang JS, Hsiang YP, Lin YM, Hsu HH, Yang CH. Trends in the Immunomodulatory Effects of Cordyceps militaris: Total Extracts, Polysaccharides and Cordycepin. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:575704. [PMID: 33328984 PMCID: PMC7735063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.575704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is a fungus with a long history of widespread use in folk medicine, and its biological and medicinal functions are well studied. A crucial pharmacological effect of C. militaris is immunomodulation. In this review, we catalog the immunomodulatory effects of different extracts of C. militaris, namely total extracts, polysaccharides and cordycepin. Total extracts obtained using water or 50% ethyl alcohol and polysaccharides from C. militaris were discovered to tend to promote type 1 immunity, whereas total extracts obtained using 70-80% ethyl alcohol and cordycepin from C. militaris were more likely to promote type 2 immunity. This article is the first to classify the immunomodulatory effects of different extracts of C. militaris. In addition, we discovered a relationship between different segments or extracts and differing types of immunity. This review can provide the readers a comprehensive understanding on the immunomodulatory effects of the precious folk medicine and guidance on its use for both health people and those with an immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Lee
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Amulette Chinese Medicine Clinic, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Shiang Huang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jei-Fu Shaw
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ren Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shuo Kuo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Gangxu Shen
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sheng Wang
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsiang
- Pharmacy Department of E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Hsu
- Amulette Chinese Medicine Clinic, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pharmacy Department of E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Su J, Sun J, Jian T, Zhang G, Ling J. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Polysaccharides from the Parasitic Fungus Cordyceps kyushuensis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8257847. [PMID: 32908915 PMCID: PMC7475740 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8257847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ascomycete Cordyceps genus has been used as valued traditional Chinese medicine. Cordyceps kyushuensis is a unique species of Cordyceps, which parasitizes on the larvae of Clanis bilineata Walker, and its major component cordycepin and aqueous extract are known to have many pharmacological effects. However, the physiological function of water-soluble polysaccharides has not been explored in detail. In this study, to resolve these doubts, we extracted and separated Cordyceps-derived polysaccharides and then evaluated the immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. Four polysaccharide fractions were purified from Cordyceps-cultured stroma by DEAE-cellulose 23 and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. Basic structural information was elucidated on the basis of physicochemical property and spectroscopic evidences. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and protective effect of DNA damage. The qualified immunologic activities were also determined in vivo and in vitro. The polysaccharides could stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes whether concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) existed or not, strengthen peritoneal macrophages to devour neutral red, and increase the content of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum. The research provides the corresponding evidence for Cordyceps polysaccharides as a potential candidate for functional foods and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253056, China
| | - Tongtong Jian
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Shandong 250014, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Shandong 250014, China
| | - Jianya Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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Liu W, Bi S, Li C, Zheng H, Guo Z, Luo Y, Ou X, Song L, Zhu J, Yu R. Purification and Characterization of a New CRISP-Related Protein from Scapharca broughtonii and Its Immunomodulatory Activity. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E299. [PMID: 32512803 PMCID: PMC7344751 DOI: 10.3390/md18060299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more attention has been paid to bioactive compounds isolated from marine organisms or microorganisms in recent years. At the present study, a new protein coded as HPCG2, was purified from Scapharca broughtonii by stepwise chromatography methods. The molecular weight of HPCG2 was determined to be 30.71 kDa by MALDI-TOF-MS. The complete amino acid sequence of HPCG2 was obtained by tandem mass spectrometry combined with transcriptome database analysis, and its secondary structure was analyzed using circular dichroism. HPCG2 comprised 251 amino acids and contained 28.4% α-helix, 26% β-sheet, 18.6% β-turn, and 29.9% random coil. HPCG2 was predicted to be a cysteine-rich secretory protein-related (CRISP-related) protein by domain prediction. Moreover, HPCG2 was proved to possess the immunomodulatory effect on the murine immune cells. MTT assay showed that HPCG2 promoted the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and the cytotoxicity of NK cells against YAC-1 cells. Flow cytometry test revealed that HPCG2 enhanced the phagocytic function of macrophages and polarized them into M1 type in RAW264.7 cells. In particular, Western blot analysis indicated that the immunomodulatory mechanism of HPCG2 was associated with the regulation on TLR4/JNK/ERK and STAT3 signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggested that HPCG2 might be developed as a potential immunomodulatory agent or new functional product from marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Liu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (W.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Sixue Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.B.); (Z.G.); (X.O.); (L.S.)
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hang Zheng
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (W.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhongyi Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.B.); (Z.G.); (X.O.); (L.S.)
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaozheng Ou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.B.); (Z.G.); (X.O.); (L.S.)
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.B.); (Z.G.); (X.O.); (L.S.)
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (W.L.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.)
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