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Zhou J, Zeng Y, Tang J, Chen S, Li G, Qiu X, Zhao P, Huang T, Luo J, Lin N, Xu L. Screening and the analysis of genotypic and phenotypic characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Fujian province, China. Front Genet 2024; 15:1422214. [PMID: 39076173 PMCID: PMC11284024 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1422214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common X-linked hereditary disorder in southern China. However, the incidence rate of G6PD deficiency and the frequency of the most common G6PD gene variants vary widely. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, genotype, and phenotypic features of G6PD deficiency in neonates in Fujian province, southeastern China. Methods This retrospective cohort study enrolled 2,789,002 newborns (1,521,431 males and 1,267,571 females) based on the newborn screening program for G6PD deficiency in Fujian Province between January 2010 and December 2021. Results Of the 2,789,002 newborns enrolled, 26,437 cases were diagnosed (22,939 males and 3,498 females), and the estimated prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Fujian province was 0.95%. The prevalence was significantly higher among males (1.51%) than in females (0.28%) (p < 0.00001). Among the 3,198 patients with G6PD deficiency, 3,092 cases (2,145 males and 947 females) were detected to have G6PD gene variants. The top six prevalent genotypes identified represented 90.84% (2095/3,198) of the total and included c.1376G > T (44.93%), c.1388G > A (18.42%), c.1024C > T (9.32%), c.95A > G (8.69%), c.392G > T (5.25%), and c.871G > A (4.22%). The frequency of genotypes with c.1388G > A, c.1024C > T, and c.871G > A was higher in males in the Fujian province than in females, while the frequency of genotypes with c.1376G > T was lower. Furthermore, when comparing the enzyme activities of the top six prevalent genotypes, there were significant differences in the enzyme activities among the genotypes of male hemizygotes and female heterozygotes. According to the new classification of G6PD variants proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the variants with c.1376G > T, c.95A > G, and c.871G > A were recognized as Class A, while the c.392G > T, c.1388G > A, and c.1024C > T were recognized as Class B. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to systematically describe the overview of epidemiological characteristics of newborn G6PD deficiency in Fujian province, China, including the screening rate, incidence rate, and variant spectrum. Additionally, we elucidated the relationship between the distribution of enzyme activity with specific mutations and their WHO classification patterns. Our results could provide strategies for screening, diagnosis, and genetic counseling of G6PD deficiency in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfu Zhou
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yinglin Zeng
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jianping Tang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shihong Chen
- School of Medical Tcehnology and Engineering, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaolong Qiu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Peiran Zhao
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jinying Luo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Na Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Atarihuana S, Gallardo-Condor J, López-Cortés A, Jimenes-Vargas K, Burgos G, Karina-Zambrano A, Flores-Espinoza R, Coral M, Cabrera-Andrade A. Genetic basis and spatial distribution of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in ecuadorian ethnic groups: a malaria perspective. Malar J 2023; 22:283. [PMID: 37752491 PMCID: PMC10521485 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) is an X-linked disorder affecting over 400 million people worldwide. Individuals with molecular variants associated with reduced enzymatic activity are susceptible to oxidative stress in red blood cells, thereby increasing the risk of pathophysiological conditions and toxicity to anti-malarial treatments. Globally, the prevalence of G6PDd varies among populations. Accordingly, this study aims to characterize G6PDd distribution within the Ecuadorian population and to describe the spatial distribution of reported malaria cases. METHODS Molecular variants associated with G6PDd were genotyped in 581 individuals from Afro-Ecuadorian, Indigenous, Mestizo, and Montubio ethnic groups. Additionally, spatial analysis was conducted to identify significant malaria clusters with high incidence rates across Ecuador, using data collected from 2010 to 2021. RESULTS The A- c.202G > A and A- c.968T > C variants underpin the genetic basis of G6PDd in the studied population. The overall prevalence of G6PDd was 4.6% in the entire population. However, this frequency increased to 19.2% among Afro-Ecuadorian people. Spatial analysis revealed 12 malaria clusters, primarily located in the north of the country and its Amazon region, with relative risks of infection of 2.02 to 87.88. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study hold significant implications for public health interventions, treatment strategies, and targeted efforts to mitigate the burden of malaria in Ecuador. The high prevalence of G6PDd among Afro-Ecuadorian groups in the northern endemic areas necessitates the development of comprehensive malaria eradication strategies tailored to this geographical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Atarihuana
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karina Jimenes-Vargas
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Computer Science Faculty, CITIC, RNASA Group, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Germán Burgos
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Karina-Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rodrigo Flores-Espinoza
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico por DNA (LDD), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Coral
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Andrade
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
- Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
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Hernández-Ochoa B, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Martínez-Rosas V, Morales-Luna L, Rojas-Alarcón MA, Vázquez-Bautista M, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Pérez de la Cruz V, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Canseco-Ávila LM, Vidal-Limón A, Gómez-Manzo S. An Overall View of the Functional and Structural Characterization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variants in the Mexican Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12691. [PMID: 37628871 PMCID: PMC10454679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, affecting an estimated 500 million people worldwide, is a genetic disorder that causes human enzymopathies. Biochemical and genetic studies have identified several variants that produce different ranges of phenotypes; thus, depending on its severity, this enzymopathy is classified from the mildest (Class IV) to the most severe (Class I). Therefore, understanding the correlation between the mutation sites of G6PD and the resulting phenotype greatly enhances the current knowledge of enzymopathies' phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity, which will assist both clinical diagnoses and personalized treatments for patients with G6PD deficiency. In this review, we analyzed and compared the structural and functional data from 21 characterized G6PD variants found in the Mexican population that we previously characterized. In order to contribute to the knowledge regarding the function and structure of the variants associated with G6PD deficiency, this review aimed to determine the molecular basis of G6PD and identify how these mutations could impact the structure, stability, and function of the enzyme and its relation with the clinical manifestations of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Miriam Abigail Rojas-Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Vázquez-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | | | - Luis Miguel Canseco-Ávila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula City 30580, Mexico;
| | - Abraham Vidal-Limón
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
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Sudsumrit S, Chamchoy K, Songdej D, Adisakwattana P, Krudsood S, Adams ER, Imwong M, Leartsakulpanich U, Boonyuen U. Genotype-phenotype association and biochemical analyses of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants: Implications for the hemolytic risk of using 8-aminoquinolines for radical cure. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1032938. [PMID: 36339627 PMCID: PMC9631214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1032938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Plasmodium vivax remains the malaria species posing a major threat to human health worldwide owing to its relapse mechanism. Currently, the only drugs of choice for radical cure are the 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine and tafenoquine), which are capable of killing hypnozoites and thus preventing P. vivax relapse. However, the therapeutic use of primaquine and tafenoquine is restricted because these drugs can cause hemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. This study aimed to assess and understand the hemolytic risk of using 8-aminoquinolines for radical treatment in a malaria endemic area of Thailand. Methods: The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was determined using a quantitative test in 1,125 individuals. Multiplexed high-resolution meltinging (HRM) assays were developed and applied to detect 12 G6PD mutations. Furthermore, biochemical and structural characterization of G6PD variants was carried out to understand the molecular basis of enzyme deficiency. Results: The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 6.76% (76/1,125), as assessed by a phenotypic test. Multiplexed HRM assays revealed G6PD Mahidol in 15.04% (77/512) of males and 28.38% (174/613) of females, as well as G6PD Aures in one female. G6PD activity above the 30% cut-off was detected in those carrying G6PD Mahidol, even in hemizygous male individuals. Two variants, G6PD Murcia Oristano and G6PD Songklanagarind + Viangchan, were identified for the first time in Thailand. Biochemical characterization revealed that structural instability is the primary cause of enzyme deficiency in G6PD Aures, G6PD Murcia Oristano, G6PD Songklanagarind + Viangchan, and G6PD Chinese 4 + Viangchan, with double G6PD mutations causing more severe enzyme deficiency. Conclusion: In western Thailand, up to 22% of people may be ineligible for radical cure. Routine qualitative tests may be insufficient for G6PD testing, so quantitative tests should be implemented. G6PD genotyping should also be used to confirm G6PD status, especially in female individuals suspected of having G6PD deficiency. People with double G6PD mutations are more likely to have hemolysis than are those with single G6PD mutations because the double mutations significantly reduce the catalytic activity as well as the structural stability of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirapapha Sudsumrit
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Chamchoy
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duantida Songdej
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Srivicha Krudsood
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Emily R. Adams
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mallika Imwong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ubolsree Leartsakulpanich
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Alcántara-Ortigoza MA, Hernández-Ochoa B, González-Del Angel A, Ibarra-González I, Belmont-Martínez L, Gómez-Manzo S, Vela-Amieva M. Functional characterization of the p.(Gln195His) or Tainan and novel p.(Ser184Cys) or Toluca glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene natural variants identified through Mexican newborn screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Clin Biochem 2022; 109-110:64-73. [PMID: 36089067 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborn screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) was implemented in Mexico beginning in 2017. In a Mexican population, genotyping analysis of G6PD as a second-tier method identified a previously unreported missense variant, p.(Ser184Cys), which we propose to call "Toluca", and the extremely rare p.(Gln195His) or "Tainan" variant, which was previously described in the Taiwanese population as a Class II allele through in silico evaluations. Here, we sought to perform in vitro biochemical characterizations of the Toluca and Tainan G6PD natural variants and describe their associated phenotypes. METHODS The "Toluca" and "Tainan" variants were identified in three unrelated G6PDd newborn males, two of whom lacked evidence of acute hemolytic anemia (AHA) or neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB). We constructed wild-type (WT), Tainan, and Toluca G6PD recombinant enzymes and performed in vitro assessments. RESULTS Both variants had diminished G6PD expression, decreased affinities for glucose-6-phosphate and NADP+ substrates, significant decreases in catalytic efficiency (∼97 % with respect to WT-G6PD), and diminished thermostabilities that were partially rescued by NADP+. In silico protein modeling predicted that the variants would have destabilizing effects on the protein tertiary structure, potentially reducing the enzyme half-lives and/or catalytic efficiencies. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that G6PD "Tainan" and "Toluca" are potential Class II natural variants, which agrees with the absence of chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA) in our patients. It remains to be determined whether these variants represent high-risk genetic factors for developing CNSHA, AHA, and/or NHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Alcántara-Ortigoza
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Subdirección de Investigación Médica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, CP 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, CP 06720, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ariadna González-Del Angel
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Subdirección de Investigación Médica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, CP 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Ibarra-González
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, CP 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Belmont-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, CP 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, CP 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Marcela Vela-Amieva
- Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, CP 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Batista da Rocha J, Othman H, Hazelhurst S. Molecular dynamics of G6PD variants from sub-Saharan Africa. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101236. [PMID: 35313643 PMCID: PMC8933681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine uses genomic guidance to improve drug treatment safety and efficacy. Prior knowledge of genetic variant impact can enable such strategies, but current knowledge of African variants remains scarce. G6PD variants are linked to haemolytic adverse effects for a number of drugs commonly used in African populations. We have investigated a set of G6PD variants with structural bioinformatics techniques to further characterise variants with known effect, and gain insights into variants with unknown impact. We observed wide variations in patterns of root-mean-square deviation between wild-type and variant structures. Variants with known, highly deleterious impact show structural effects which may likely result in the destabilisation of the G6PD homodimer. The V68M and N126D variants (which are both common across African populations, and together form the A- haplotype) induce large conformational shifts in the catalytic NADP+ binding domain. We observed a greater impact for the haplotype than for each of the individual variants in these cases. A novel African variant (M207T) shows the potential to disrupt interactions within the protein core, urging further investigation. We explore how characterising the molecular impact of African G6PD variants can enable advanced strategies for precision medicine, as well as impact the use of novel therapeutics aiming to treat G6PD deficiency. This knowledge can assist in bridging current knowledge gaps, and aid to facilitate precision medicine applications in African populations. Assessment of African G6PD variation with structural bioinformatics. Molecular dynamics of 500 ns to explore molecular motions. Comparison of variants with known/unknown impact. Exploring mechanisms of impact. Knowledge building to enable G6PD precision medicine in Africa.
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Alakbaree M, Amran S, Shamsir M, Ahmed HH, Hamza M, Alonazi M, Warsy A, Latif NA. Human G6PD variant structural studies: Elucidating the molecular basis of human G6PD deficiency. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Combined effects of double mutations on catalytic activity and structural stability contribute to clinical manifestations of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24307. [PMID: 34934109 PMCID: PMC8692357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzymopathy in humans, affecting ~ 500 million worldwide. A detailed study of the structural stability and catalytic activity of G6PD variants is required to understand how different mutations cause varying degrees of enzyme deficiency, reflecting the response of G6PD variants to oxidative stress. Furthermore, for G6PD double variants, investigating how two mutations jointly cause severe enzyme deficiency is important. Here, we characterized the functional and structural properties of nine G6PD variants: G6PD Gaohe, G6PD Mahidol, G6PD Shoklo, G6PD Canton, G6PD Kaiping, G6PD Gaohe + Kaiping, G6PD Mahidol + Canton, G6PD Mahidol + Kaiping and G6PD Canton + Kaiping. All variants were less catalytically active and structurally stable than the wild type enzyme, with G6PD double mutations having a greater impact than single mutations. G6PD Shoklo and G6PD Canton + Kaiping were the least catalytically active single and double variants, respectively. The combined effects of two mutations were observed, with the Canton mutation reducing structural stability and the Kaiping mutation increasing it in the double mutations. Severe enzyme deficiency in the double mutants was mainly determined by the trade-off between protein stability and catalytic activity. Additionally, it was demonstrated that AG1, a G6PD activator, only marginally increased G6PD enzymatic activity and stability.
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