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Xiong H, Cao M, Yu Y, Duan X, Sun L, Tang L, Fan X. Study on the Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound and Iron Ions for Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblasts. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024:S0301-5629(24)00265-5. [PMID: 39209558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study involved the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts treated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and iron (Fe3+) ions, respectively. The biological effects of LIPUS and Fe3+ ions on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts were also evaluated. METHODS MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded in six-well plates with the medium, which contained different concentrations of Fe3+ (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 μg L-1, respectively). LIPUS treatment was directed at the bottom of the plate for 20 min at an intensity of 80 mW cm-2 every day. RESULTS Viability results showed that a dose of 400 μg L-1 Fe3+ ions had the best effect at promoting osteogenic proliferation in cell culture. The results of alkaline phosphatase staining and mineralization indicated that the differentiation of osteoblasts was promoted by LIPUS and Fe3+ ions. Fluorescence staining results showed that the number of cell nuclei in the LIPUS, Fe3+ and LIPUS-Fe groups increased by 37.20%, 55.81% and 89.76%, respectively. Migration data indicated that migration and proliferation rates were increased by LIPUS and Fe3+, and the results of protein expression indicated that LIPUS and Fe3+ may increase the expression of Wnt, β-catenin, and Runx2, hence promoting normal bone regeneration and development. CONCLUSION The combination of LIPUS (1.5 MHz, 80 mW cm-2) and Fe3+ accelerates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts significantly compared with single-factor treatment (stimulated by LIPUS and Fe3+ ions, respectively). This study could establish a foundation for LIPUS-responsive biomaterials in the repair and regeneration of bone tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbin Xiong
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengshu Cao
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xueyou Duan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiushan Fan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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2
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Shaygani H, Shamloo A, Akbarnataj K, Maleki S. In vitro and in vivo investigation of chitosan/silk fibroin injectable interpenetrating network hydrogel with microspheres for cartilage regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132126. [PMID: 38723805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is an avascular and almost acellular tissue with limited self-regenerating capabilities. Although injectable hydrogels have garnered a lot of attention as a promising treatment, a biocompatible hydrogel with adequate mechanical properties is yet to be created. In this study, an interpenetrating network hydrogel comprised of chitosan and silk fibroin was created through electrostatic and hydrophobic bonds, respectively. The polymeric network of the scaffold combined an effective microenvironment for cell activity with enhanced mechanical properties to address the current issues in cartilage scaffolds. Furthermore, microspheres (MS) were utilized for a controlled release of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA), around ~75 % after 35 days. The proposed scaffolds demonstrated great mechanical stability with ~0.047 MPa compressive moduli and ~145 kPa compressive strength. Moreover, the degradation rate of the samples (~45 % after 35 days) was optimized to match neo-cartilage formation. Furthermore, the use of natural biomaterials yielded good biocompatibility with ~76 % chondrocyte viability after 7 days. According to gross observation after 12 weeks the defect site of the treated groups was filled with minimally discernible boundary. These results were confirmed by histopathology assays were the treated groups showed higher chondrocyte count and collagen type II expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shaygani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kazem Akbarnataj
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sasan Maleki
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Qian G, Wu T, Wang Z, Yu B, Ye J. Synergistic effects of calcium silicate/zinc silicate dual compounds and in-situinterconnected pores on promoting bone regeneration of composite scaffolds. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:035024. [PMID: 38518361 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad3704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Rapid bone regeneration in implants is important for successful transplantation. In this regard, we report the development of calcium silicate/zinc silicate (CS/ZS) dual-compound-incorporated calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds with a three-dimensional poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) network that synergistically promote bone regeneration.In vitroresults demonstrated that the incorporation of CS/ZS dual compounds into the CPC significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells compared to the addition of CS or ZS alone. Moreover, the bone-regeneration efficacy of the composite scaffolds was validated by filling in femur condyle defects in rabbits, which showed that the scaffolds with CS and ZS possessed a great bone repair effect, as evidenced by more new bone formation and a faster scaffold biodegradation compared to the scaffold with CS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Qian
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhen Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Orthopedic and traumatology department, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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4
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Wei H, Chen W, Chen S, Zhang T, Xiao X. 3D printing of MOF-reinforced methacrylated gelatin scaffolds for bone regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:443-462. [PMID: 38104316 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2295057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds based on gelatin (Gel) play a crucial role in bone tissue engineering. However, the low mechanical properties, rapid biodegradation rate, insufficient osteogenic activity and lacking anti-infective properties limit their applications in bone regeneration. Herein, the incorporation of ibuprofen (IBU)-loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) in a methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) matrix was proposed as a simple and effective strategy to develop the IBU-ZIF-8@GelMA scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration capacity. Results indicated that the IBU-loaded ZIF-8 nanoparticles with tiny particle sizes were uniformly distributed in the GelMA matrix of the IBU-ZIF-8@GelMA scaffolds, and the IBU-loaded ZIF-8 growing in the scaffolds enabled the controlled and sustained releasing of Zn2+ and IBU in pH = 5.5 over a long period for efficient bone repair and long-term anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, the doping of the IBU-loaded ZIF-8 nanoparticles efficiently enhanced the compression performance of the GelMA scaffolds. In vitro studies indicated that the prepared scaffolds presented no cytotoxicity to MC3T3-E1 cells and the released Zn2+ during the degradation of the scaffolds promoted MC3T3-E1 cell osteogenic differentiation. Thus, the drug-loaded ZIF-8 modified 3D printed GelMA scaffolds demonstrated great potential in treating bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Wei
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shunyu Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Institute, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiufeng Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Zeng Y, Yuan J, Ran Z, Zhan X, Li X, Ye H, Dong J, Cao G, Pan Z, Bao Y, Tang J, Liu X, He Y. Chitosan/NH 2-MIL-125 (Ti) scaffold loaded with doxorubicin for postoperative bone tumor clearance and osteogenesis: An in vitro study. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130368. [PMID: 38401584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Surgical resection remains the primary treatment modality for bone tumors. However, it is prone to local bone defects and tumor recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for multifunctional biomaterials that combine tumor treatment and bone repair after bone tumor surgery. Herein, a chitosan composite scaffold (CS/DOX@Ti-MOF) was designed for both tumor therapy and bone repair. Among them, the amino-functionalized Ti-based metal-organic framework (NH2-MIL-125 (Ti), Ti-MOF) has a high specific surface area of 1116 m2/g and excellent biocompatibility, and promotes osteogenic differentiation. The doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity of Ti-MOF was 322 ± 21 mg/g, and DOX@Ti-MOF has perfect antitumor activity. Furthermore, the incorporation of DOX@Ti-MOF improved the physical and mechanical properties of the composite scaffolds, making the scaffold surface rough and favorable for cells to attach. CS/DOX@Ti-MOF retains the unique properties of each component. It responds to the release of DOX in the tumor microenvironment to remove residual tumor cells, followed by providing a site for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. This promotes bone repair and achieves the sequential treatment of postoperative bone tumors. Overall, CS/DOX@Ti-MOF may be a promising substitute for postoperative bone tumor clearance and bone defect repair. It also provides a possible strategy for postoperative bone tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxun Zeng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiongpeng Yuan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhili Ran
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xinyi Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huiling Ye
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiapeng Dong
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guining Cao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Pan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying Bao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Junze Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xujie Liu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Yan He
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
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6
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Şeker Ş, Aral D, Elçin AE, Yaşar Murat E. Biomimetic mineralization of platelet lysate/oxidized dextran cryogel as a macroporous 3D composite scaffold for bone repair. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025006. [PMID: 38194711 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad1c9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Scaffold development approaches using autologous sources for tissue repair are of great importance in obtaining bio-active/-compatible constructs. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing various growth factors and platelet lysate (PL) derived from PRP are autologous products that have the potential to accelerate the tissue repair response by inducing a transient inflammatory event. Considering the regenerative capacity of PRP and PL, PRP/PL-based scaffolds are thought to hold great promise for tissue engineering as a natural source of autologous growth factors and a provider of mechanical support for cells. Here, a bio-mineralized PRP-based scaffold was developed using oxidized dextran (OD) and evaluated for future application in bone tissue engineering. Prepared PL/OD scaffolds were incubated in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7, 14 and 21 d periods. Mineralized PL/OD scaffolds were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, porosity and compression tests. SEM and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed mineral accumulation on the PL/OD scaffold as a result of SBF incubation.In vitrocytotoxicity andin vitrohemolysis tests revealed that the scaffolds were non-toxic and hemocompatible. Additionally, human osteoblasts (hOBs) exhibited good attachment and spreading behavior on the scaffolds and maintained their viability throughout the culture period. The alkaline phosphatase activity assay and calcium release results revealed that PL/OD scaffolds preserved the osteogenic properties of hOBs. Overall, findings suggest that mineralized PL/OD scaffold may be a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükran Şeker
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Aral
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eser Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elçin Yaşar Murat
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
- Biovalda Health Technologies, Inc., Ankara, Turkey
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Gholap AD, Rojekar S, Kapare HS, Vishwakarma N, Raikwar S, Garkal A, Mehta TA, Jadhav H, Prajapati MK, Annapure U. Chitosan scaffolds: Expanding horizons in biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121394. [PMID: 37940287 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide from chitin, shows promise as a biomaterial for various biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and ease of modification. This review overviews "chitosan scaffolds" use in diverse biomedical applications. It emphasizes chitosan's structural and biological properties and explores fabrication methods like gelation, electrospinning, and 3D printing, which influence scaffold architecture and mechanical properties. The review focuses on chitosan scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highlighting their role in bone, cartilage, skin, nerve, and vascular tissue regeneration, supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Investigations into incorporating bioactive compounds, growth factors, and nanoparticles for improved therapeutic effects are discussed. The review also examines chitosan scaffolds in drug delivery systems, leveraging their prolonged release capabilities and ability to encapsulate medicines for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Moreover, it explores chitosan's antibacterial activity and potential for wound healing and infection management in biomedical contexts. Lastly, the review discusses challenges and future objectives, emphasizing the need for improved scaffold design, mechanical qualities, and understanding of interactions with host tissues. In summary, chitosan scaffolds hold significant potential in various biological applications, and this review underscores their promising role in advancing biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Harshad S Kapare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhar Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacy, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences, Jabalpur 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sarjana Raikwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Tejal A Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Harsh Jadhav
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai 400 019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Uday Annapure
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India; Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai 400 019, Maharashtra, India.
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Dalavi PA, Prabhu A, M S, Murugan SS, Jayachandran V. Casein-assisted exfoliation of tungsten disulfide nanosheets for biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 232:113595. [PMID: 37913705 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Our regular life can be more challenging by bone abnormalities. Bone tissue engineering is used for repairing, regenerating, or replacing bone tissue that has been injured or infected. It is effective in overcoming the drawbacks of conventional bone grafting methods like autograft and allograft by enhancing the effectiveness of bone regeneration. Recent discoveries have shown that the exfoliation of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with protein is in great demand for bone tissue engineering applications. WS2 nanosheets were developed using casein and subsequently characterized with different analytical techniques. Strong absorption peaks were observed in the UV-visible spectra at 520 nm and 630 nm. Alginate and alginate-casein WS2 microspheres were developed. Stereomicroscopic images of the microspheres are spherical in shape and have an average diameter of around 0.8 ± 0.2 mm. The alginate-casein WS2 microspheres show higher content of water absorption and retention properties than only alginate-containing microspheres. The apatite formation in the simulated bodily fluid solution was facilitated more effectively by the alginate-casein-WS2 microspheres. Additionally, alginate-casein-WS2 microspheres have a compressive strength is 58.01 ± 4 MPa. Finally, in vitro cell interaction studies reveals that both the microspheres are biocompatible with the C3H10T1/2 cells, and alginate-casein-WS2-based microspheres promote cell growth more significantly. Alginate-casein-WS2 microspheres promote alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization process. Additionally, alginate-casein-WS2-based microspheres exponentially enhance the genes for ALP, BMP-2, OCN, and Collage type-1. The produced alginate-casein-WS2 microspheres could be a suitable synthetic graft for a bone transplant replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandurang Appana Dalavi
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Sajida M
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Sesha Subramanian Murugan
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Venkatesan Jayachandran
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India.
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Ke Y, Wu J, Ye Y, Zhang X, Gu T, Wang Y, Jiang F, Yu J. Feather keratin-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogel promotes bone regeneration by stimulating the osteogenic differentiation of endogenous stem cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125330. [PMID: 37307978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects caused by bone trauma, infection, surgery, or other systemic diseases remain a severe challenge for the medical field. To address this clinical problem, different hydrogels were exploited to promote bone tissue regrowth and regeneration. Keratins are natural fibrous proteins found in wool, hair, horns, nails, and feather. Due to their unique characteristics of outstanding biocompatibility, great biodegradability, and hydrophilic, keratins have been widely applicated in different fields. In our study, the feather keratin-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels that consist of keratin hydrogels serving as the scaffold support to accommodate endogenous stem cells and montmorillonite is synthesized. The introduction of montmorillonite greatly improves the osteogenic effect of the keratin hydrogels via bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)/phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1/5/8 (p-SMAD 1/5/8)/runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression. Moreover, the incorporation of montmorillonite into hydrogels can improve the mechanical properties and bioactivity of the hydrogels. The morphology of feather keratin-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels was shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to have an interconnected porous structure. The incorporation of montmorillonite into the keratin hydrogels was confirmed by the energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). We prove that the feather keratin-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels enhance the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, micro-CT and histological analysis of rat cranial bone defect demonstrated that feather keratin-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels dramatically stimulated bone regeneration in vivo. Collectively, feather keratin-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels can regulate BMP/SMAD signaling pathway to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of endogenous stem cells and promote bone defect healing, indicating their promising candidate in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ke
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Stomatology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Institute of Periodontology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingjie Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of General Dentistry, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Ceylan S, Dimmock R, Yang Y. Development of Boron-Containing PVA-Based Cryogels with Controllable Boron Releasing Rate and Altered Influence on Osteoblasts. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071653. [PMID: 37050267 PMCID: PMC10097227 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryogel formation is an effective approach to produce porous scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this study, cryogelation was performed to produce boron-containing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. A combination of the synthetic polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and the natural polymers, chitosan and starch, was used to formulate the cryogels. Boron was used with a dual purpose: as an additive to alter gelation properties, and to exploit its bioactive effect since boron has been found to be involved in several metabolic pathways, including the promotion of bone growth. This project designs a fabrication protocol enabling the competition of both physical and chemical cross-linking reactions in the cryogels using different molecular weight PVA and borax content (boron source). Using a high ratio of high-molecular-weight PVA resulted in the cryogels exhibiting greater mechanical properties, a lower degradation rate (0.6–1.7% vs. 18–20%) and a higher borax content release (4.98 vs. 1.85, 1.08 nanomole) in contrast to their counterparts with low-molecular-weight PVA. The bioactive impacts of the released borax on cellular behaviour were investigated using MG63 cells seeded into the cryogel scaffolds. It was revealed that the borax-containing scaffolds and their extracts induced MG63 cell migration and the formation of nodule-like aggregates, whilst cryogel scaffolds without borax did not. Moreover, the degradation products of the scaffolds were analysed through the quantification of boron release by the curcumin assay. The impact on cellular response in a scratch assay confirmed that borax released by the scaffold into media (~0.4 mg/mL) induced bone cell migration, proliferation and aggregation. This study demonstrated that boron-containing three-dimensional PVA/starch–chitosan scaffolds can potentially be used within bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Ceylan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey;
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK;
| | - Ryan Dimmock
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK;
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1782-674-386
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11
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Chitosan-based functionalized scaffolds for nanobone tissue regeneration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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12
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Ke Y, Ye Y, Wu J, Ma Y, Fang Y, Jiang F, Yu J. Phosphoserine-loaded chitosan membranes promote bone regeneration by activating endogenous stem cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1096532. [PMID: 37034248 PMCID: PMC10076862 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1096532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects that result from trauma, infection, surgery, or congenital malformation can severely affect the quality of life. To address this clinical problem, a phosphoserine-loaded chitosan membrane that consists of chitosan membranes serving as the scaffold support to accommodate endogenous stem cells and phosphoserine is synthesized. The introduction of phosphoserine greatly improves the osteogenic effect of the chitosan membranes via mutual crosslinking using a crosslinker (EDC, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide). The morphology of PS-CS membranes was shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to have an interconnected porous structure. The incorporation of phosphoserine into chitosan membranes was confirmed by energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), Fourier Transforms Infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum. The CCK8 assay and Live/Dead staining, Hemolysis analysis, and cell adhesion assay demonstrated that PS-CS membranes had good biocompatibility. The osteogenesis-related gene expression of BMSCs was higher in PS-CS membranes than in CS membranes, which was verified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, immunofluorescence staining, and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, micro-CT and histological analysis of rat cranial bone defect demonstrated that PS-CS membranes dramatically stimulated bone regeneration in vivo. Moreover, H&E staining of the main organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, or kidney) showed no obvious histological abnormalities, revealing that PS-CS membranes were no additional systemic toxicity in vivo. Collectively, PS-CS membranes may be a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ke
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanxia Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Dentistry, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Jiang, ; Jinhua Yu,
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Jiang, ; Jinhua Yu,
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13
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Chitosan Scaffold Containing Periostin Can Accelerate Bone Defect Regeneration in Non-Weight-Bearing Conditions. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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14
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Chen Z, Zhang W, Wang M, Backman LJ, Chen J. Effects of Zinc, Magnesium, and Iron Ions on Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2321-2335. [PMID: 35638755 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Large-sized bone defects are a great challenge in clinics and considerably impair the quality of patients' daily life. Tissue engineering strategies using cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules to regulate the microenvironment in bone regeneration is a promising approach. Zinc, magnesium, and iron ions are natural elements in bone tissue and participate in many physiological processes of bone metabolism and therefore have great potential for bone tissue engineering and regeneration. In this review, we performed a systematic analysis on the effects of zinc, magnesium, and iron ions in bone tissue engineering. We focus on the role of these ions in properties of scaffolds (mechanical strength, degradation, osteogenesis, antibacterial properties, etc.). We hope that our summary of the current research achievements and our notifications of potential strategies to improve the effects of zinc, magnesium, and iron ions in scaffolds for bone repair and regeneration will find new inspiration and breakthroughs to inspire future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Ludvig J Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Ma W, Zhang S, Xie C, Wan X, Li X, Chen K, Zhao G. Preparation of High Mechanical Strength Chitosan Nanofiber/NanoSiO 2/PVA Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Using Sol-Gel Method. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102083. [PMID: 35631965 PMCID: PMC9147700 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of chitosan-based bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds have the problem of poor mechanical properties. However, modifying chitosan with conventional silane coupling agents to improve the mechanical properties of scaffolds will introduce additional complications, including cytotoxicity and poor biocompatibility. In this study, two types of organic−inorganic composite scaffolds (F-A-T0/T3/T5 and F-B-T5-P0/P0.5/P1.5/P2.5) were prepared using chitosan nanofibers (CSNF) prepared by the beating-homogenization method, combined with the sol−gel method, and further introduced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The F-A-T3 and F-B-T5-P1.5 exhibited interconnected pore and surface nanofibers structures, high porosity (>70%), outstanding swelling properties, and a controllable degradation rate. The Young’s modulus of TEOS: 5.0% (w/w), PVA: 1.5% (w/w) chitosan fiber scaffold is 8.53 ± 0.43 MPa in dry conditions, and 237.78 ± 8.86 kPa in wet conditions, which is four times that of F-A-T5 and twice that of F-B-T5-P0. Additionally, cell (MC3T3-E1) experiments confirmed that the two composite scaffolds had great cytocompatibility and were predicted to be used in the future in the field of BTE scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (W.M.); (S.Z.); (C.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Sihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (W.M.); (S.Z.); (C.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Chong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (W.M.); (S.Z.); (C.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Xing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (W.M.); (S.Z.); (C.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (W.M.); (S.Z.); (C.X.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (K.C.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-22236819 (X.L.); +86-20-87111770 (K.C.); +86-20-87111770 (G.Z.)
| | - Kebing Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Erheng Road, Yuan Village, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (K.C.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-22236819 (X.L.); +86-20-87111770 (K.C.); +86-20-87111770 (G.Z.)
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (W.M.); (S.Z.); (C.X.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (K.C.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-22236819 (X.L.); +86-20-87111770 (K.C.); +86-20-87111770 (G.Z.)
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16
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Pita-López ML, Fletes-Vargas G, Espinosa-Andrews H, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R. Physically cross-linked chitosan-based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications: A state-of-the-art review. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Aslam Khan MU, Abd Razak SI, Al Arjan WS, Nazir S, Sahaya Anand TJ, Mehboob H, Amin R. Recent Advances in Biopolymeric Composite Materials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicines: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:619. [PMID: 33504080 PMCID: PMC7865423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymeric composite material with desirable features can be gained by selecting suitable biopolymers with selected additives to get polymer-filler interaction. Several parameters can be modified according to the design requirements, such as chemical structure, degradation kinetics, and biopolymer composites' mechanical properties. The interfacial interactions between the biopolymer and the nanofiller have substantial control over biopolymer composites' mechanical characteristics. This review focuses on different applications of biopolymeric composites in controlled drug release, tissue engineering, and wound healing with considerable properties. The biopolymeric composite materials are required with advanced and multifunctional properties in the biomedical field and regenerative medicines with a complete analysis of routine biomaterials with enhanced biomedical engineering characteristics. Several studies in the literature on tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound dressing have been mentioned. These results need to be reviewed for possible development and analysis, which makes an essential study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia;
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia;
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wafa Shamsan Al Arjan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Samina Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.A.); (S.N.)
| | - T. Joseph Sahaya Anand
- Sustainable and Responsive Manufacturing Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Melaka 76100, Malacca, Malaysia;
| | - Hassan Mehboob
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rashid Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Khan A, Alamry KA, Asiri AM. Multifunctional Biopolymers‐Based Composite Materials for Biomedical Applications: A Systematic Review. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajahar Khan
- Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Alamry
- Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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