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Zhong H, Hussain M, Hussain K, Wang L, Abdullah, Qayum A, S Hamed Y, Guan R. Nanoliposomes a future based delivery vehicle of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside against major chronic disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39097751 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2384646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), is an anthocyanin mainly found in berries, and can also be produced by microorganisms. It has been traditionally used as a natural coloring agent for decades. Recently, it has been investigated for its high antioxidant activity and anti-cancer attributes. C3G has low bioavailability and is sensitive to oxidation and gastric pH; therefore, it is encapsulated in nanoliposomes to enhance its bio-availability, targeted delivery- and efficacy against chronic disease. SCOPE AND APPROACH In this review, the role of C3G nanoliposomes against major chronic diseases has been discussed. The focus was on research findings and the mechanism of action to affect the proliferation of cancer, neuro disease and cardiovascular problems. It also discussed the formulation of nanoliposomes, their role in nutraceutical delivery and enhancement in C3G bioavailability. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Data suggested that nanoliposomes safeguard C3G, enhance bioavailability, and ensure safe, adequate and targeted delivery. It can reduce the impact of cancer and inflammation by inhibiting the ß-catenin/O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) pathway and upregulating miR-214-5p. Formation of C3G nanoliposomes significantly enhances the nutraceutical efficacy of C3G against major chronic disease therefore, C3G nanoliposomes might be a future-based nutraceutical to treat major chronic diseases, including cancer, neuro problems and CVD, but challenges remain in finding correct dose and techniques to maximize its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- Moganshan Institute ZJUT, Kangqian District, Deqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kifayat Hussain
- Departments of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Lingmiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdullah
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Qayum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yahya S Hamed
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Rongfa Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Moganshan Institute ZJUT, Kangqian District, Deqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Javadi B, Farahmand A, Soltani-Gorde-Faramarzi S, Hesarinejad MA. Chitosan-coated nanoliposome: An approach for simultaneous encapsulation of caffeine and roselle-anthocyanin in beverages. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133469. [PMID: 38945345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to develop chitosan-coated nanoliposomes using a modified heating method as a delivery system for simultaneous encapsulation of caffeine and roselle anthocyanin to fortify beverage. Response surface methodology was used to ascertain the optimized formulation, aiming to maximize the encapsulation efficiency, minimize the particle size, and maximize the zeta potential. The liposomes fabricated under the optimized conditions (lecithin to cholesterol ratio of 13 and wall to core ratio of 2.16) showed encapsulation efficiency values of 66.73 % for caffeine and 97.03 % for anthocyanin, with a size of 268.1 nm and a zeta potential of -39.11 mV. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the polar sites of lecithin and the loaded core compounds. Thermal analysis suggested the successful encapsulation of the caffeine and anthocyanin. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy images confirmed a uniform spherical shape with a smooth surface. Fortifying the model beverage with the liposome and the chitosan-coated nanoliposome revealed higher values of encapsulation efficiency of anthocyanin (70.33 ± 3.11 %), caffeine (86.37 ± 2.17 %) and smaller size (280.5 ± 0.74 nm) of the chitosan-coated nanoliposomes at the end of 60the days. A hedonic sensory test of the fortified beverage with chitosan-coated nanoliposomes confirmed an improvement in the organoleptic properties of the beverage by masking its bitterness (receiving three more sensory scores in perceiving the bitterness intensity). Overall, our study indicates that the high potential of the chitosan-coated nanoliposomes for the simultaneous loading of the caffeine and anthocyanin, as well as their possible application in food and beverage formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Javadi
- Research and development center, Abfam Govara Tejarat Shargh Co., Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Farahmand
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Hesarinejad
- Department of Food Sensory and Cognitive Science, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran.
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Bej E, Volpe AR, Cesare P, Cimini A, d'Angelo M, Castelli V. Therapeutic potential of saffron in brain disorders: From bench to bedside. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2482-2495. [PMID: 38446350 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Saffron is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus L., which has been used for centuries as a coloring and flavoring agent, as well as a source of medicinal compounds. Saffron contains various bioactive constituents, such as crocin, crocetin, safranal, picrocrocin, and kaempferol, that have shown potential benefits for human health. Among them, crocin is the most abundant and characteristic constituent of saffron, responsible for its bright red color and antioxidant properties. One of the most promising applications of saffron and its constituents is in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders, such as depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other brain disorders. Saffron and its constituents have been reported to exert neuroprotective effects through various mechanisms, such as modulating neurotransmitters, enhancing neurogenesis, reducing neuroinflammation, regulating oxidative stress, activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and modulating epigenetic factors. Several clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of saffron and its constituents in improving cognitive function, mood, and other neurological outcomes. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the therapeutic potential of saffron and its constituents in neurological disorders, from bench to bedside. We also discuss the challenges and future directions for the development of saffron-based therapies for brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjola Bej
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Volpe
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cesare
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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4
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Petrovic SM, Barbinta-Patrascu ME. Organic and Biogenic Nanocarriers as Bio-Friendly Systems for Bioactive Compounds' Delivery: State-of-the Art and Challenges. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7550. [PMID: 38138692 PMCID: PMC10744464 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
"Green" strategies to build up novel organic nanocarriers with bioperformance are modern trends in nanotechnology. In this way, the valorization of bio-wastes and the use of living systems to develop multifunctional organic and biogenic nanocarriers (OBNs) have revolutionized the nanotechnological and biomedical fields. This paper is a comprehensive review related to OBNs for bioactives' delivery, providing an overview of the reports on the past two decades. In the first part, several classes of bioactive compounds and their therapeutic role are briefly presented. A broad section is dedicated to the main categories of organic and biogenic nanocarriers. The major challenges regarding the eco-design and the fate of OBNs are suggested to overcome some toxicity-related drawbacks. Future directions and opportunities, and finding "green" solutions for solving the problems related to nanocarriers, are outlined in the final of this paper. We believe that through this review, we will capture the attention of the readers and will open new perspectives for new solutions/ideas for the discovery of more efficient and "green" ways in developing novel bioperformant nanocarriers for transporting bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja M. Petrovic
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Nis, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 1600 Leskovac, Serbia;
| | - Marcela-Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu
- Department of Electricity, Solid-State Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-11, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
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Mohammadi F, Yousefi M. Characterizations and effects of pectin-coated nanoliposome loaded with Gijavash ( Froriepia subpinnata) extract on the physicochemical properties of cheese. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21564. [PMID: 38027869 PMCID: PMC10660039 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, pectin-coated nanoliposomes containing Gijavash extract were used to formulate cheese and evaluate its shelf life, physicochemical, and sensory aspects. The study used a central composite design with three independent variables to prepare the cheese. The results showed that the optimal particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and DPPH radical antioxidant activity were 201.22 nm, -29.33 mV, 61.87%, and 57.54%, respectively. Adding nanoliposomes with varying extract amounts improved pH and lowered acidity in fortified cheeses. Moisture and lipolysis indices also improved after applying nanoliposomes. Sensory evaluation revealed that sensory acceptance was highest in the cheese with 15% extract. The study suggests that adding pectin-coated nanoliposomes containing Gijavash extract to cheese formulations may create novel products and improve their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahsa Yousefi
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, 11800, Malaysia
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Malekmohammadi M, Ghanbarzadeh B, Hanifian S, Samadi Kafil H, Gharekhani M, Falcone PM. The Gelatin-Coated Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Containing Salvia officinalis Extract: Optimization by Combined D-Optimal Design and Its Application to Improve the Quality Parameters of Beef Burger. Foods 2023; 12:3737. [PMID: 37893630 PMCID: PMC10606122 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to synthesize the gelatin-coated nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) to encapsulate sage extract and use this nanoparticle to increase the quality parameters of beef burger samples. NLCs were prepared by formulation of gelatin (as surfactant and coating biopolymer), tallow oil (as solid lipid), rosemary essential oil (as liquid lipid), sage extract (as active material or encapsulant), polyglycerol ester and Tween 80 (as low-molecular emulsifier) through the high-shear homogenization-sonication method. The effects of gelatin concentrations and the solid/liquid ratio on the particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of sage extract-loaded NLCs were quantitatively investigated and optimized using a combined D-optimal design. Design expert software suggested the optimum formulation with a gelatin concentration of 0.1 g/g suspension and solid/liquid lipid ratio of 60/40 with a particle size of 100.4 nm, PDI of 0.36, and EE% 80%. The morphology, interactions, thermal properties, and crystallinity of obtained NLC formulations were investigated by TEM, FTIR, DSC, and XRD techniques. The optimum sage extract-loaded/gelatin-coated NLC showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than free extract after 30 days of storage. It also indicated a higher inhibitory effect against E. coli and P. aeruginosa than free form in MIC and MBC tests. The optimum sage extract-loaded/gelatin-coated NLC, more than free extract, increased the oxidation stability of the treated beef burger samples during 90 days of storage at 4 and -18 °C (verified by thiobarbituric acid and peroxide values tests). Incorporation of the optimum NLC to beef burgers also effectively decreased total counts of mesophilic bacteria, psychotropic bacteria, S. aureus, coliform, E. coli, molds, and yeasts of treated beef burger samples during 0, 3, and 7 days of storage in comparison to the control sample. These results suggested that the obtained sage extract-loaded NLC can be an effective preservative to extend the shelf life of beef burgers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Malekmohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz P.O. Box 11365-4435, Iran (S.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Babak Ghanbarzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz P.O. Box 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Shahram Hanifian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz P.O. Box 11365-4435, Iran (S.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz P.O. Box 51656-65811, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Gharekhani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz P.O. Box 11365-4435, Iran (S.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Pasquale M. Falcone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University Polytechnical of Marche, Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Karaaslan A. Nano- and Micro-Encapsulation of Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-Rich Melon Seed Oil and Its Release Attributes under In Vitro Digestion Model. Foods 2023; 12:2371. [PMID: 37372581 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melon seed oil (MSO) possesses plenty of long-chain fatty acids (LFCAs, oleic-linoleic acid 90%), remarkable antioxidant activity (DPPH (0.37 ± 0.40 µmol TE/g), ABTS (4.98 ± 0.18 µmol TE/g), FRAP (0.99 ± 0.02 µmol TE/g), and CUPRAC (4.94 ± 0.11 µmol TE/g)), and phenolic content (70.14 ± 0.53 mg GAE/100 g). Encapsulation is a sound technology to provide thermal stability and controlled release attributes to functional compounds such as plant seed oil. Nano-sized and micro-sized capsules harboring MSO were generated by utilizing thin film dispersion, spray drying, and lyophilization strategies. Fourier infrared transform analysis (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size analyses were used for the authentication and morphological characterization of the samples. Spray drying and lyophilization effectuated the formation of microscale capsules (2660 ± 14 nm, 3140 ± 12 nm, respectively), while liposomal encapsulation brought about the development of nano-capsules (282.30 ± 2.35 nm). Nano-liposomal systems displayed significant thermal stability compared to microcapsules. According to in vitro release studies, microcapsules started to release MSO in simulated salivary fluid (SSF) and this continued in gastric (SGF) and intestinal (SIF) environments. There was no oil release for nano-liposomes in SSF, while limited release was observed in SGF and the highest release was observed in SIF. The results showed that nano-liposomal systems featured MSO thermal stability and controlled the release attributes in the gastrointestinal system (GIS) tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asliye Karaaslan
- Vocational School of Organized Industrial Zone, Food Processing Programme, Harran University, 63300 Sanliurfa, Turkey
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8
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Bioactive-loaded nanovesicles embedded within electrospun plant protein nanofibers; a double encapsulation technique. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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9
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Souri P, Emamifar A, Davati N. Physical and Antimicrobial Properties of Nano-ZnO-loaded Nanoliposomes Prepared by Thin Layer Hydration-Sonication and Heating Methods. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-023-03032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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10
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On the Importance of the Starting Material Choice and Analytical Procedures Adopted When Developing a Strategy for the Nanoencapsulation of Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) Bioactive Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020496. [PMID: 36830054 PMCID: PMC9951940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Saffron is known as the most expensive spice in the world. It is comprised of the dried stigmas of the pistil of the Crocus sativus L., which is a cultivated, sterile crocus plant. This plant material is now recognized as the unique edible source of certain bioactive apocarotenoids for which in-vivo antioxidant properties have been reported. Among the latter, crocins, red-orange natural colorants, and their parent molecule crocetin prevail in bioactivity significance. This review is focused on the strategies developed so far for their nanoencapsulation in relation to the characteristics of the starting material, extraction procedures of the bioactive antioxidants and analytical methods applied for their characterization and quantification throughout the process. The literature so far points out gaps that lead to publishable data, on one hand, but not necessarily to repeatable and meaningful processes due to incomplete characterization of the starting and the released material in efficiency and stability studies of the nanoencapsulates. Accurate terminology and quantitative chromatographic or spectrophotometric procedures for the determination of the core compounds are needed. Authenticity control and quality of saffron samples, and the verification of the concentrations of compounds in commercial preparations labeled as 'crocin,' are prerequisites in any experimental design setup.
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Dehnad D, Emadzadeh B, Ghorani B, Rajabzadeh G, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Nano-vesicular carriers for bioactive compounds and their applications in food formulations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5583-5602. [PMID: 36519525 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2156474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The most commonly used vesicular systems in the food industry include liposomes, niosomes, phytosomes, or transfersomes. This review focuses on showing how nano-vesicular carriers (NVCs) amend the properties of bioactive compounds (bioactives), making them suitable for food applications, especially functional foods. In this research, we elaborate on the question of whether bioactive-loaded NVCs affect various food aspects such as their antioxidant capacity, or sensory properties. This review also shows how NVCs improve the long-term release profile of bioactives during storage and at different pH values. Besides, the refinement of digestibility and bioaccessibility of diverse bioactives through NVCs in the gastrointestinal tract is elucidated. NVCs allow for stable vesicle formation (e.g. from anthocyanins) which reduces their cytotoxicity and proliferation of cancer cells, prolongs the release bioactives (e.g. d-limonene) with no critical burst, reduces the biofilm formation capacity of both Gram-positive/negative strains and their biofilm gene expression is down-regulated (in the case of tannic acid), low oxidation (e.g. iron) is endured when exposed to simulated gastric fluid, and unpleasant smell and taste are masked (in case of omega-3 fatty acids). After the incorporation of bioactive-loaded NVCs into food products, their antioxidant capacity is enhanced, maintaining high encapsulation efficiency and enduring pasteurization conditions, and they are not distinguished from control samples in sensory evaluation despite the reverse situation about free bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Dehnad
- Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Emadzadeh
- Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behrouz Ghorani
- Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghadir Rajabzadeh
- Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Avila-Sosa R, Nevárez-Moorillón GV, Ochoa-Velasco CE, Navarro-Cruz AR, Hernández-Carranza P, Cid-Pérez TS. Detection of Saffron’s Main Bioactive Compounds and Their Relationship with Commercial Quality. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9601577 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate the state of saffron’s main bioactive compounds and their relationship with its commercial quality. Saffron is the commercial name for the dried red stigmas of the Crocus sativus L. flower. It owes its sensory and functional properties mainly to the presence of its carotenoid derivatives, synthesized throughout flowering and also during the whole production process. These compounds include crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal, which are bioactive metabolites. Saffron’s commercial value is determined according to the ISO/TS3632 standard that determines their main apocatotenoids. Other techniques such as chromatography (gas and liquid) are used to detect the apocarotenoids. This, together with the determination of spectral fingerprinting or chemo typing are essential for saffron identification. The determination of the specific chemical markers coupled with chemometric methods favors the discrimination of adulterated samples, possible plants, or adulterating compounds and even the concentrations at which these are obtained. Chemical characterization and concentration of various compounds could be affected by saffron’s geographical origin and harvest/postharvest characteristics. The large number of chemical compounds found in the by-products (flower parts) of saffron (catechin, quercetin, delphinidin, etc.) make it an interesting aromatic spice as a colorant, antioxidant, and source of phytochemicals, which can also bring additional economic value to the most expensive aromatic species in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Avila-Sosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 105E, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla 72420, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Enrique Ochoa-Velasco
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 105E, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla 72420, Mexico
| | - Addí Rhode Navarro-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 105E, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla 72420, Mexico
| | - Paola Hernández-Carranza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 105E, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla 72420, Mexico
| | - Teresa Soledad Cid-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 105E, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla 72420, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Characterization of nanoliposomes loaded with saffron extract: in vitro digestion and release of crocin. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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14
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Improvement of the Stability and Release of Sulforaphane-enriched Broccoli Sprout Extract Nanoliposomes by Co-encapsulation into Basil Seed Gum. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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The Effect of the Liposomal Encapsulated Saffron Extract on the Physicochemical Properties of a Functional Ricotta Cheese. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010120. [PMID: 35011352 PMCID: PMC8746351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the encapsulation of saffron extract (SE) was examined at four various concentrations of soy lecithin (0.5%–4% w/v) and constant concentration of SE (0.25% w/v). Particle size and zeta potential of liposomes were in the range of 155.9–208.1 nm and −34.6–43.4 mV, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency was in the range of 50.73%–67.02%, with the stability of nanoliposomes in all treatments being >90%. Encapsulated SE (2% lecithin) was added to ricotta cheese at different concentrations (0%, 0.125%, 1%, and 2% w/v), and physicochemical and textural properties of the cheese were examined. Lecithin concentration significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the particle size, zeta potential, stability, and encapsulation efficiency of the manufactured liposomes. In terms of chemical composition and color of the functional cheese, the highest difference was observed between the control cheese and the cheese enriched with 2% liposomal encapsulated SE. Hardness and chewiness increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in the cheeses containing encapsulated SE compared to the control cheese. However, there was no significant difference in the case of adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and gumminess among different cheeses. Overall, based on the findings of this research, liposomal encapsulation was an efficient method for the delivery of SE in ricotta cheese as a novel functional food.
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Nakhaei P, Margiana R, Bokov DO, Abdelbasset WK, Jadidi Kouhbanani MA, Varma RS, Marofi F, Jarahian M, Beheshtkhoo N. Liposomes: Structure, Biomedical Applications, and Stability Parameters With Emphasis on Cholesterol. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:705886. [PMID: 34568298 PMCID: PMC8459376 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.705886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are essentially a subtype of nanoparticles comprising a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head constituting a phospholipid membrane. The spherical or multilayered spherical structures of liposomes are highly rich in lipid contents with numerous criteria for their classification, including structural features, structural parameters, and size, synthesis methods, preparation, and drug loading. Despite various liposomal applications, such as drug, vaccine/gene delivery, biosensors fabrication, diagnosis, and food products applications, their use encounters many limitations due to physico-chemical instability as their stability is vigorously affected by the constituting ingredients wherein cholesterol performs a vital role in the stability of the liposomal membrane. It has well established that cholesterol exerts its impact by controlling fluidity, permeability, membrane strength, elasticity and stiffness, transition temperature (Tm), drug retention, phospholipid packing, and plasma stability. Although the undetermined optimum amount of cholesterol for preparing a stable and controlled release vehicle has been the downside, but researchers are still focused on cholesterol as a promising material for the stability of liposomes necessitating explanation for the stability promotion of liposomes. Herein, the prior art pertaining to the liposomal appliances, especially for drug delivery in cancer therapy, and their stability emphasizing the roles of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Nakhaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, The National Referral Hospital, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master’s Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Dmitry O. Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Amin Jadidi Kouhbanani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Czechia
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nasrin Beheshtkhoo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Czechia
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Sabir F, Katona G, Ismail R, Sipos B, Ambrus R, Csóka I. Development and Characterization of n-Propyl Gallate Encapsulated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles-Loaded Hydrogel for Intranasal Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070696. [PMID: 34358121 PMCID: PMC8308668 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop n-propyl gallate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PG-SLNs) in a hydrogel (HG) formulation using Transcutol-P (TC-P) as a permeation enhancer. Modified solvent injection technique was applied to produce optimized PG-SLNs via the Quality by Design approach and central composite design. The in vitro mucoadhesion, scavenging activity, drug release, permeation studies of PG from PG-SLNs-loaded HG were evaluated under simulated nasal conditions. Compared with in vitro release behavior of PG from SLNs, the drug release from the PG-SLNs-loaded HG showed a lower burst effect and sustained release profile. The cumulative permeation of PG from PG-SLNs-loaded HG with TC-P was 600 μg/cm2 within 60 min, which is 3–60-fold higher than PG-SLNs and native PG, respectively. Raman mapping showed that the distribution of PG-SLNs was more concentrated in HG having lower concentrations of hyaluronic acid. The scavenging assay demonstrated increased antioxidant activity at higher concentrations of HG. Due to enhanced stability and mucoadhesive properties, the developed HG-based SLNs can improve nasal absorption by increasing residence time on nasal mucosa. This study provides in vitro proof of the potential of combining the advantages of SLNs and HG for the intranasal delivery of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhara Sabir
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.S.); (G.K.); (R.I.); (B.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Gábor Katona
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.S.); (G.K.); (R.I.); (B.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Ruba Ismail
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.S.); (G.K.); (R.I.); (B.S.); (R.A.)
- Department of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla sqr. 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.S.); (G.K.); (R.I.); (B.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.S.); (G.K.); (R.I.); (B.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.S.); (G.K.); (R.I.); (B.S.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-546-116
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