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Rilievo G, Magro M, Tonolo F, Cecconello A, Rutigliano L, Cencini A, Molinari S, Di Paolo ML, Fiorucci C, Rossi MN, Cervelli M, Vianello F. Spermine Oxidase-Substrate Electrostatic Interactions: The Modulation of Enzyme Function by Neighboring Colloidal ɣ-Fe 2O 3. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1800. [PMID: 38136670 PMCID: PMC10742170 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-nanoparticle hybridization can ideally lead to novel biological entities characterized by emerging properties that can sensibly differ from those of the parent components. Herein, the effect of ionic strength on the biological functions of recombinant His-tagged spermine oxidase (i.e., SMOX) was studied for the first time. Moreover, SMOX was integrated into colloidal surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs) via direct self-assembly, leading to a biologically active nano-enzyme (i.e., SAMN@SMOX). The hybrid was subjected to an in-depth chemical-physical characterization, highlighting the fact that the protein structure was perfectly preserved. The catalytic activity of the nanostructured hybrid (SAMN@SMOX) was assessed by extracting the kinetics parameters using spermine as a substrate and compared to the soluble enzyme as a function of ionic strength. The results revealed that the catalytic function was dominated by electrostatic interactions and that they were drastically modified upon hybridization with colloidal ɣ-Fe2O3. The fact that the affinity of SMOX toward spermine was significantly higher for the nanohybrid at low salinity is noteworthy. The present study supports the vision of using protein-nanoparticle conjugation as a means to modulate biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Rilievo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.R.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (F.V.)
| | - Massimiliano Magro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.R.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (F.V.)
| | - Federica Tonolo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.R.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (F.V.)
| | - Alessandro Cecconello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.R.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (F.V.)
| | - Lavinia Rutigliano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Aura Cencini
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.R.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (F.V.)
| | - Simone Molinari
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Di Paolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Cristian Fiorucci
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma 3, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (M.N.R.)
| | - Marianna Nicoletta Rossi
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma 3, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (M.N.R.)
| | - Manuela Cervelli
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma 3, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (M.N.R.)
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.R.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (F.V.)
- International Polyamines Foundation ‘ETS-ONLUS’, Via del Forte Tiburtino 98, 00159 Rome, Italy
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Nipun VB, Amin KA. Recent Advances in Protein Kinase CK2, a Potential Therapeutic Target in Cancer. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 48:919-931. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. B. Nipun
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical Collage, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. A. Amin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Reynders H, Van Zundert I, Silva R, Carlier B, Deschaume O, Bartic C, Rocha S, Basov S, Van Bael MJ, Himmelreich U, Verbiest T, Zamora A. Label-Free Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Multimodal Contrast Agents in Cells Using Multi-Photon and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:8375-8389. [PMID: 35002233 PMCID: PMC8722578 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s334482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inherent fluorescence properties of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were characterized, and their applicability for multiphoton imaging in cells was tested in combination with their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capabilities. METHODS Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and subsequently coated with polyethylene glycol to make them water-dispersible. Further characterization of the particles was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and magnetic resonance relaxivity measurements. MRI and fluorescence properties of bare IONPs were first studied in solution and subsequently in A549-labeled cells. RESULTS The particles, with a core size of 11.3 ± 4.5 nm, showed a good negative MRI contrast in tissue-mimicking phantoms. In vitro studies in mammalian A549 cells demonstrate that these IONPs are biocompatible and can also produce significant T2/T2* contrast enhancement in IONPs-labeled cells. Furthermore, excitation-wavelength dependent photoluminescence was observed under one- and two-photon excitation. DISCUSSION The obtained results indicated that IONPs could be used for fluorescence label-free bioimaging at multiple wavelengths, which was proven by multiphoton imaging of IONPs internalization in A549 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rui Silva
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Engineering Department, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Carlier
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susana Rocha
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sergey Basov
- Quantum Solid State Physics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ana Zamora
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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An Iron Shield to Protect Epigallocatehin-3-Gallate from Degradation: Multifunctional Self-Assembled Iron Oxide Nanocarrier Enhances Protein Kinase CK2 Intracellular Targeting and Inhibition. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081266. [PMID: 34452227 PMCID: PMC8402011 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is largely involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis and is generally recognized as an Achilles’ heel of cancer, being overexpressed in several malignancies. The beneficial effects of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in the prevention and treatment of several diseases, including cancer, have been widely reported. However, poor stability and limited bioavailability hinder the development of EGCG as an effective therapeutic agent. The combination of innovative nanomaterials and bioactive compounds into nanoparticle-based systems demonstrates the synergistic advantages of nanocomplexes as compared to the individual components. In the present study, we developed a self-assembled core-shell nanohybrid (SAMN@EGCG) combining EGCG and intrinsic dual-signal iron oxide nanoparticles (Surface Active Maghemite Nanoparticles). Interestingly, nano-immobilization on SAMNs protects EGCG from degradation, preventing its auto-oxidation. Most importantly, the nanohybrid was able to successfully deliver EGCG into cancer cells, displaying impressive protein kinase CK2 inhibition comparable to that obtained with the most specific CK2 inhibitor, CX-4945 (5.5 vs. 3 µM), thus promoting the phytochemical exploitation as a valuable alternative for cancer therapy. Finally, to assess the advantages offered by nano-immobilization, we tested SAMN@EGCG against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium involved in severe lung infections. An improved antimicrobial effect with a drastic drop of MIC from 500 to 32.7 μM was shown.
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