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Ju H, Liu Y, Gong J, Gong PX, Wang ZX, Wu YC, Li HJ. Revolutionizing cancer treatment: Harnessing the power of terrestrial microbial polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133171. [PMID: 38880444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment faces numerous challenges, such as inadequate drug targeting, steep price tags, grave toxic side effects, and limited therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a safe and effective new drug to combat cancer. Microbial polysaccharides, complex and diverse biological macromolecules, exhibit significant microbial variability and uniqueness. Studies have shown that terrestrial microbial polysaccharides possess a wide range of biological activities, including immune enhancement, antioxidant properties, antiviral effects, anti-tumour potential, and hypoglycemic functions. To delve deeper into the structure-activity relationship of these land-based microbial polysaccharides against cancer, we conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of anti-cancer literature published between 2020 and 2024. The anticancer efficacy of terrestrial microbial polysaccharides is influenced by multiple factors, including the microbial species, existing form, chemical structure, and polysaccharide purity. According to the literature, an optimal molecular weight and good water solubility are essential for demonstrating anticancer activity. Furthermore, the addition of mannose and galactose has been found to significantly enhance the anticancer properties of these polysaccharides. These insights will serve as a valuable reference for future research and progress in the field of cancer drug therapy, particularly with regards to terrestrial microbial polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Harbin 150006, PR China; Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Jun Gong
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Pi-Xian Gong
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China.
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Wu
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Hui-Jing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Harbin 150006, PR China; Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China.
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2
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Zhu Y, Yang X, Gu P, Wang X, Bao Y, Shi W. The Structural Characterization of a Polysaccharide from the Dried Root of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Its Use as a Vaccine Adjuvant to Induce Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7765. [PMID: 39063007 PMCID: PMC11277338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to supplement the research gap concerning Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide extracted from Danshen in NMR analysis, and to clarify its immune enhancement effect as an adjuvant, we isolated and purified SMPD-2, which is composed of nine monosaccharides such as Ara, Gal, and Glc from Danshen. Its weight average molecular weight was 37.30 ± 0.096 KDa. The main chain was mainly composed of →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and a small amount of α-L-Araf-(1→. After the subcutaneous injection of SMPD-2 as an adjuvant to OVA in mice, we found that it enhanced the immune response by activating DCs from lymph nodes, increasing OVA-specific antibody secretion, stimulating spleen lymphocyte activation, and showing good biosafety. In conclusion, SMPD-2 could be a promising candidate for an adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (P.G.); (X.W.); (Y.B.)
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3
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Gu P, Xu P, Zhu Y, Zhao Q, Zhao X, Fan Y, Wang X, Ma N, Bao Y, Shi W. Structural characterization and adjuvant activity of a water soluble polysaccharide from Poria cocos. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133067. [PMID: 38866287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvants, as the essential component of vaccines, are crucial in enhancing the magnitude, breadth and durability of immune responses. Unfortunately, commonly used Alum adjuvants predominantly provoke humoral immune response, but fail to evoke cellular immune response, which is crucial for the prevention of various chronic infectious diseases and cancers. Thus, it is necessary to develop effective adjuvants to simultaneously induce humoral and cellular immune response. In this work, we obtained a water soluble polysaccharide isolated and purified from Poria cocos, named as PCP, and explored the possibility of PCP as a vaccine adjuvant. The PCP, with Mw of 20.112 kDa, primarily consisted of →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, with a small amount of →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → and →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→. Our results demonstrated that the PCP promoted the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages in vitro. As the adjuvant to ovalbumin, the PCP facilitated the activation of DCs in lymph nodes, and evoked strong antibody response with a combination of Th1 and Th2 immune responses. Moreover, compared to Alum adjuvant, the PCP markedly induced a potent cellular response, especially the cytotoxic T lymphocytes response. Therefore, we confirmed that the PCP has great potential to be an available adjuvant for simultaneously inducing humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Panpan Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yixuan Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yingsai Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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4
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Zhang L, Khoo CS, Koyyalamudi SR, Reddy N. Immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides isolated from Amauroderma rugosum (Blume and T. Nees) Torrend and their structural characterization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31672. [PMID: 38868030 PMCID: PMC11167292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Amauroderma rugosum (Blume and T. Nees) Torrend is a traditionally well-known mushroom that is used for the treatment of cancer. In order to evaluate the pharmacological activities of A. rugosum polysaccharides, the mushroom powder was subjected to hot water extraction and pure polysaccharides (ARPs) were isolated by gel-filtration method. Three important APRs called ARP-1, ARP-2 and ARP-5 were identified with average molecular weights of 1494, 450, and 7 kDa respectively. Their antioxidant abilities were estimated by examining free radical scavenging potential against 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical (ABTS●+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH●), and hydroxyl radical. Immunomodulatory potentials of these ARPs were determined using murine macrophage cells. These polysaccharides exhibited high antioxidant abilities and stimulated mouse macrophages leading to the generation of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Excellent activities were displayed by ARP-1 and APR-2. Gas chromatography and spectroscopic (FT-IR and NMR) methods were employed in order to carry out their structural characterisation. The two high molecular weight ARPs (ARP-1 and ARP-2) displayed β-(1 → 3)-D-glucan backbone structure with branching of β-(1 → 6)-d-glucopyranosyl. These observations suggest high potential of ARPs for immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 100010, China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Cheang Soo Khoo
- Wentworth Institute of Higher Education, 302-306 Elizabeth Street, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sundar Rao Koyyalamudi
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Narsimha Reddy
- School of Science, Parramatta Campus, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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Araújo-Rodrigues H, Sousa AS, Relvas JB, Tavaria FK, Pintado M. An Overview on Mushroom Polysaccharides: Health-promoting Properties, Prebiotic and Gut Microbiota Modulation Effects and Structure-function Correlation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121978. [PMID: 38494231 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides are recognized as "biological response modifiers". Besides several bioactivities, a growing interest in their prebiotic potential has been raised due to the gut microbiota modulation potential. This review comprehensively summarizes mushroom polysaccharides' biological properties, structure-function relationship, and underlying mechanisms. It provides a recent overview of the key findings in the field (2018-2024). Key findings and limitations on structure-function correlation are discussed. Although most studies focus on β-glucans or extracts, α-glucans and chitin have gained interest. Prebiotic capacity has been associated with α-glucans and chitin, while antimicrobial and wound healing potential is attributed to chitin. However, further research is of utmost importance. Human fecal fermentation is the most reported approach to assess prebiotic potential, indicating impacts on intestinal biological, mechanical, chemical and immunological barriers. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been directly connected with intestinal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Concerning gut microbiota modulation, animal experiments have suggested proinflammatory cytokines reduction and redox balance re-establishment. Most literature focused on the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential. However, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic, antilipidemic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties are discussed. A significant overview of the gaps and research directions in synergistic effects, underlying mechanisms, structure-function correlation, clinical trials and scientific data is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Araújo-Rodrigues
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Program of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sofia Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Bettencourt Relvas
- Program of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Freni K Tavaria
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Zhang X, Ge R, Wu J, Cai X, Deng G, Lv J, Ma M, Yu N, Yao L, Peng D. Structural characterization and improves cognitive disorder in ageing mice of a glucomannan from Dendrobium huoshanense. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131995. [PMID: 38692529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, a neutral polysaccharide (DHP-2W) with attenuating cognitive disorder was identified from Dendrobium huoshanense and its structure was clarified. The polysaccharide was successfully purified from D. huoshanense by column chromatography and its activity was evaluated. With a molecular weight of 508.934kDa, this polysaccharide is composed of mannose and glucose at a molar ratio of 75.81: 24.19. Structural characterization revealed that DHP-2W has a backbone consisting of 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 and 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1. In vivo experiments revealed that DHP-2W improved cognitive disorder in D-galactose treated mice and relieved oxidative stress and inflammation. DHP-2W attenuates D-galactose-induced cognitive disorder by inhibiting the BCL2/BAX/CASP3 pathway and activating the AMPK/SIRT pathway, thereby inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, DHP-2W had a significant effect on regulating the serum levels of Flavin adenine dinucleotide, Shikimic acid, and Kynurenic acid in aged mice. These, in turn, had a positive impact on AMPK/SIRT1 and BCL2/BAX/CASP3, resulting in protective effects against cognitive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Ruipeng Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jiahui Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mengzhen Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Liang Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
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7
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Milhorini SDS, Zavadinack M, Santos JFD, Lara ELD, Smiderle FR, Iacomini M. Structural variety of glucans from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109099. [PMID: 38574411 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum, widely used in traditional medicine, has several biological properties. Polysaccharides, mainly glucans, are known as one of its main bioactive compounds. Consequently, the achievement and chemical investigation of such molecules are of pharmaceutical interest. Herein, we obtained water-insoluble and water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lucidum by alkaline extraction. Fractionation process yielded three fractions (GLC-1, GLC-2, and GLC-3). All samples showed to be composed mainly of glucans. GLC-1 is a linear (1 → 3)-linked β-glucan; GLC-2 is a mixture of three different linear polysaccharides: (1 → 3)-β-glucan, (1 → 3)-α-glucan, and (1 → 4)-α-mannan; while GLC-3 is a branched β-glucan with a (1 → 4)-linked main chain, which is branched at O-3 or O-6 by (1 → 3)- or (1 → 6)-linked side chains. This research reports the variability of glucans in Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and applicable methodologies to obtain such molecules. These polysaccharides can be further applied in biological studies aiming to investigate how their chemical differences may affect their biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayane da Silva Milhorini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Zavadinack
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jean Felipe Dos Santos
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, CEP 80230-020, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, CEP 80240-060, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Eliane Leal de Lara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fhernanda Ribeiro Smiderle
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, CEP 80230-020, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, CEP 80240-060, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcello Iacomini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Li P, Jing Y, Qiu X, Xiao H, Zheng Y, Wu L. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from Dioscotea opposita. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130734. [PMID: 38462105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The purified polysaccharides fraction, DOP-2, was prepared from Dioscorea opposita Thunb (D. opposita). This study combined in vitro and in vivo experiments to comprehensively investigate the index changes in RAW264.7 cells and immunocompromised mice under DOP-2 intervention, aiming to elucidate the potential mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of DOP-2. DOP-2 (10 ∼ 500 μg/mL) significantly elevated the levels of NO, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) factors secreted by RAW264.7 cells, and restored the body weight of immunosuppressed mice and improve the degree of injury to the immune organ index, resulting in significant immunomodulatory effects. Notably, DOP-2 promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in immunosuppressed mice and modulated the composition of their gut microflora. These findings highlight the potential benefits of DOP-2 therapy in improving immune function and gut health, and will provide a theoretical basis for the application of D. opposita polysaccharides as an immunomodulatory adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yongshuai Jing
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Huina Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Lanfang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
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9
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Luo HJ, Zhang YK, Wang SZ, Lin SQ, Wang LF, Lin ZX, Lu GD, Lin DM. Structural characterization and anti-oxidative activity for a glycopeptide from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129793. [PMID: 38290627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
A water-soluble glycopeptide (named GL-PWQ3) with a molecular weight (Mw) of 2.40 × 104 g/mol was isolated from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body by hot water extraction, membrane ultrafiltration, and gel column chromatography, which mainly consisted of glucose and galactose. Based on the methylation, FT-IR, 1D, and 2D NMR analysis, the polysaccharide portion of GL-PWQ3 was identified as a glucogalactan, which was comprised of unsubstituted (1,6-α-Galp, 1,6-β-Glcp, 1,4-β-Glcp) and monosubstituted (1,2,6-α-Galp and 1,3,6-β-Glcp) in the backbone and possible branches that at the O-3 position of 1,3-Glcp and T-Glcp, and the O-2 position of T-Fucp, T-Manp or T-Glcp. The chain conformational study by SEC-MALLS-RI and AFM revealed that GL-PWQ3 was identified as a highly branched polysaccharide with a polydispersity index of 1.25, and might have compact sphere structures caused by stacked multiple chains. Moreover, the GL-PWQ3 shows strong anti-oxidative activity in NRK-52E cells. This study provides a theoretical basis for further elucidating the structure-functionality relationships of GL-PWQ3 and its potential application as a natural antioxidant in pharmacotherapy as well as functional food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jian Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu-Kun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorge Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Sai-Zhen Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shu-Qian Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lian-Fu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhan-Xi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Dong-Mei Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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10
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Yang Y, Li M, Sun J, Qin S, Diao T, Bai J, Li Y. Microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of polysaccharides from Hippophae rhamnoide L.: Modeling, characterization and hypoglycemic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127626. [PMID: 37884251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are concerned for their high biological activity and low toxicity. Two kinds of polysaccharides were extracted from Hippophae rhamnoide L. by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase system. Under the optimal conditions predicted by RSM model (K2HPO4/ethanol (18.93 %/28.29 %), liquid to material ratio 77 mL/g, power 625 W and temperature 61 °C), the yield of total polysaccharides reached 35.91 ± 0.76 %. Moreover, the polysaccharides extraction was well fitted to the Weibull model. After purification by Sepharose-6B, the polysaccharides from top phase (PHTP, purity of 81.44 ± 1.25 %) and bottom phase (PHBP, purity of 88.85 ± 1.40 %) were obtained. GC, FT-IR, methylation and NMR analyses confirmed the backbone of PHTP was composed of a repeated unit →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 4)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-D-GalAp-(1 → 3)-α-L-Araf-(1 → 3)-α-D-Manp-(1→, while the repeated unit in PHBP was →3)-α-L-Araf-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→. Compared with PHTP (6.46 × 106 g/mol), PHBP with relatively low molecular weight (8.2 × 105 g/mol) exhibited the smaller particle size, better water-solubility, thermal and rheological property, stronger anti-glycosylation and α-amylase inhibitory effects. Moreover, PHTP and PHBP displayed a reversible inhibition on α-amylase in a competitive manner. This study provides a high-efficient and eco-friendly method for polysaccharides extraction, and lays a foundation for sea buckthorn polysaccharides as potential therapeutic agents in preventing and ameliorating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Sun
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Qin
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengteng Diao
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Bai
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Tang N, Cai Y, Ma JL, Ye H, Xiang ZY. Structural elucidation of hemicelluloses from oil-tea camellia fruit shell. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125643. [PMID: 37394216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Oil-tea camellia fruit shell (CFS) is a very abundant waste lignocellulosic resource. The current treatments of CFS, i.e. composting and burning, pose a severe threat on environment. Up to 50 % of the dry mass of CFS is composed of hemicelluloses. However, chemical structures of the hemicelluloses in CFS have not been extensively studied, which limits their high-value utilization. In this study, different types of hemicelluloses were isolated from CFS through alkali fractionation with the assistance of Ba(OH)2 and H3BO3. Xylan, galacto-glucomannan and xyloglucan were found to be the major hemicelluloses in CFS. Through methylation, HSQC and HMBC analyses, we have found that the xylan in CFS is composed of →4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→ and →3,4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→ linked by (1→4)-β glycosidic bond as the main chain; the side chains are α-L-Fucp-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, β-D-Xylp-(1→, α-L-Rhap-(1→ and 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA-(1→, connected to the main chain through (1→3) glycosidic bond. The main chain of galacto-glucomannan in CFS consists of →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and →4)-β-D-Manp-(1→; the side chains are β-D-Glcp-(1→, →2)-β-D-Galp-(1→, β-D-Manp-(1→ and →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→ connected to the main chain through (1→6) glycosidic bonds. Moreover, galactose residues are connected by α-L-Fucp-(1→. The main chain of xyloglucan is composed of →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→; the side groups, i.e. β-D-Xylp-(1→ and →4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→, are connected to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bond; →2)-β-D-Galp-(1→ and α-L-Fucp-(1→ can also connect to →4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→ forming di- or trisaccharide side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation & Utilization, Improved Variety and Cultivation Engineering Research Center of Oil-tea Camellia in Guangxi, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning 530002, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ya Cai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation & Utilization, Improved Variety and Cultivation Engineering Research Center of Oil-tea Camellia in Guangxi, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Jin-Lin Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation & Utilization, Improved Variety and Cultivation Engineering Research Center of Oil-tea Camellia in Guangxi, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Hang Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation & Utilization, Improved Variety and Cultivation Engineering Research Center of Oil-tea Camellia in Guangxi, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning 530002, China.
| | - Zhou-Yang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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12
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Zhao Q, Jiang Y, Zhao Q, Patrick Manzi H, Su L, Liu D, Huang X, Long D, Tang Z, Zhang Y. The benefits of edible mushroom polysaccharides for health and their influence on gut microbiota: a review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1213010. [PMID: 37485384 PMCID: PMC10358859 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1213010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a complex biological community that deeply affects various aspects of human health, including dietary intake, disease progression, drug metabolism, and immune system regulation. Edible mushroom polysaccharides (EMPs) are bioactive fibers derived from mushrooms that possess a range of beneficial properties, including anti-tumor, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory effects. Studies have demonstrated that EMPs are resistant to human digestive enzymes and serve as a crucial source of energy for the gut microbiome, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. EMPs also positively impact human health by modulating the composition of the gut microbiome. This review discusses the extraction and purification processes of EMPs, their potential to improve health conditions by regulating the composition of the gut microbiome, and their application prospects. Furthermore, this paper provides valuable guidance and recommendations for future studies on EMPs consumption in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Li Su
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Diru Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Long
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenchuang Tang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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13
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Nikolic M, Lazarevic N, Novakovic J, Jeremic N, Jakovljevic V, Zivkovic V, Bradic J, Pecarski D, Tel-Çayan G, Glamocija J, Sokovic M, Gregori A, Petrovic J. Characterization, In Vitro Biological Activity and In Vivo Cardioprotective Properties of Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Quél. Heteropolysaccharides in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:787. [PMID: 37375735 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the biological activity and cardioprotective potential of Trametes versicolor heteropolysaccharides (TVH) in a rat model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study included 40 Wistar rats divided into 5 groups: CTRL-healthy non-treated rats; MetS-non-treated rats; and H-TV, M-TV and L-TV-rats with MetS treated with either 300, 200 or 100 mg/kg TVH per os for 4 weeks. After finishing the treatment, we conducted an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hemodynamic measurements and the animals were sacrificed, hearts isolated and subjected to the Langendorff technique. Blood samples were used for the determination of oxidative stress parameters, lipid status and insulin levels. We showed that α-amylase inhibition was not the mode of TVH antidiabetic action, while TVH showed a moderate inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms' growth (MIC 8.00 mg·mL-1; MBC/MFC 16.00 mg·mL-1). H-TV and M-TV significantly reduced the level of prooxidants (O2-, H2O2, TBARS; p < 0.05), increased antioxidants activity (SOD, CAT, GSH; p < 0.05), reduced blood pressure (p < 0.05), improved glucose homeostasis in the OGTT test (p < 0.05), and ejection fraction (p < 0.05) and cardiac contractility (p < 0.05) compared to MetS (p < 0.05). Moreover, TVH treatment normalized the lipid status and decreased insulin levels compared to MetS rats (p < 0.05). The obtained results demonstrated that the TVH may be considered a useful agent for cardioprotection in MetS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nikolic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Lazarevic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jovana Novakovic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacology of the Institute of Biodesign and Complex System Modelling, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jovana Bradic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Pecarski
- The College of Health Science, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gülsen Tel-Çayan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla 48000, Turkey
| | - Jasmina Glamocija
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Sokovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrej Gregori
- MycoMedica Ltd., Podkoren 72, 4280 Kranjska Gora, Slovenia
| | - Jovana Petrovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Jiang G, Wang B, Wang Y, Kong H, Wang Y, Gao P, Guo M, Li W, Zhang J, Wang Z, Niu J. Structural characteristics of a novel Bletilla striata polysaccharide and its activities for the alleviation of liver fibrosis. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120781. [PMID: 37182941 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis has proven to be the main predisposing factor for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer; however, an effective treatment remains elusive. Polysaccharides, with low toxicity and a wide range of bioactivities, are strong potential candidates for anti-hepatic fibrosis applications. For this study, a new low molecular weight neutral polysaccharide (B. striata glucomannan (BSP)) was extracted and purified from Bletilla striata. The structure of BSP was characterized and its activities for alleviating liver fibrosis in vivo were further evaluated. The results revealed that the structural unit of BSP was likely →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-2ace-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-3ace-Manp-(1→, with a molecular weight of only 58.5 kDa. Additionally, BSP was observed to attenuate the passive impacts of liver fibrosis in a manner closely related to TLR2/TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway conduction. In summary, the results of this study provide theoretical foundations for the potential applications of BSP as an anti-liver fibrosis platform.
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15
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Rosdan Bushra SM, Nurul AA. Bioactive mushroom polysaccharides: The structure, characterization and biological functions. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2023.2182317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Asma Abdullah Nurul
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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16
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Yuan Q, Liu W, Huang L, Wang L, Yu J, Wang Y, Wu D, Wang S. Quality evaluation of immunomodulatory polysaccharides from
Agaricus bisporus
by an integrated fingerprint technique. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Ling Huang
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety College of Food Science Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an China
| | - Liju Wang
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Zhangzhou China
| | - Juan Yu
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Zhangzhou China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Ding‐Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Macao China
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17
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Jian L, Zhicheng H, shubai L. Polysaccharide Peptide Induced Colorectal Cancer Cells Apoptosis by Down-Regulating EGFR and PD-L1 Expression. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e123909. [PMID: 36942063 PMCID: PMC10024323 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-123909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most frequent death-causing disease in the world. The Trametes versicolor mushroom, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used as anti-cancer medicine with long history. Its cultured mycelia extracts, namely polysaccharide peptide (PSP) as the major active component in Trametes versicolor, is widely used in eastern countries to stimulate the immune system and treat deadly cancers, including CRC. Methods This study aimed to explore the mechanism through which PSP inhibits CRC cells proliferation. In vitro, cell proliferation and cytotoxicity of PSP were assessed using human CRC cell lines (HCT116 and HT29). The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot, and immunofluorescence methods were used to examine the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), c-Jun, and NF-κB in the PSP treated CRC cells. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which were activated with CD3/CD28/CD2 T cell activator and interleukin 2 (IL-2), were co-cultured with HCT116, which was pre-treated with PSP to reduce PD-L1 expression. The synergic effect of T-cells killing was evaluated using the terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Results Polysaccharide peptide significantly inhibited proliferation of HCT116 and HT29 cell line in vitro. Polysaccharide peptide strongly reduced the expression and phosphorylation level of EGFR. In addition, PSP pretreatment significantly decreased the expression of downstream molecules PD-L1 and EGFR signaling pathways (c-Jun and STAT3) in HCT116. Polysaccharide peptide pretreatment enhanced the T-cells killing effect induced by co-culture PBMC on HCT116 cells. Conclusions Polysaccharide peptide may be used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against CRC via down-regulating PD-L1 and EGFR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources inWest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhicheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources inWest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liu shubai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources inWest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding Author: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. O. Box 650201, Yunnan, China. Tel: +86-871-6522 3309,
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18
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Wu DT, Zhao YX, Yuan Q, Wang S, Gan RY, Hu YC, Zou L. Influence of ultrasound assisted metal-free Fenton reaction on the structural characteristic and immunostimulatory activity of a β-D-glucan isolated from Dictyophora indusiata. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:97-108. [PMID: 35970367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of ultrasound assisted H2O2/ascorbic acid reaction on the structural characteristic and immunostimulatory activity of a β-D-glucan isolated from D. indusiata, so as to reveal its potential structure-immunostimulatory activity relationship. A purified β-D-glucan, named as DP, was quickly isolated from D. indusiata, and further identified as a 1,3-β-D-glucan with 1,6-β-D-Glcp as branched chains, which exhibited a rigid rod chain conformation in 0.9 % (w/v) of NaCl solution. Furthermore, results showed that the primary structure of DP was overall stable after the degradation by ultrasound assisted H2O2/ascorbic acid reaction. However, the molar mass and chain conformation of DP obviously changed. In addition, DP and its degraded products exerted remarkable immunostimulatory activity in vitro and in vivo, which could activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Indeed, the immunostimulatory activity of DP was closely-correlated to its molar mass and chain conformation. An appropriate degradation of molar mass could promote its immunostimulatory activity. While the transformation of chain conformation from rigid rod to random coil could cause the significant decrease of its immunostimulatory activity. These findings are beneficial to better understanding the structure-immunostimulatory activity relationship of β-D-glucans from edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China; Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yun-Xuan Zhao
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Yuan
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
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19
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Gao J, Li Q, Liu Y, Yang B, Ahmed Sadiqb F, Li X, Mi S, Sang Y. Immunoregulatory effect of Lactobacillus paracasei VL8 exopolysaccharide on RAW264.7 cells by NF-κB and MAPK pathways. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Zhao M, Hou J, Zheng S, Ma X, Fu X, Hu S, Zhao K, Xu W. Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn polysaccharides regulate macrophage inflammatory response through TLR2/TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113258. [PMID: 35709651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage inflammatory response to polysaccharides from Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn (PPDs) and elucidate the receptors and signaling pathways associated with PPDs-mediated macrophage activation. MTT and Griess method were performed to investigate the effects of PPDs on cell viability and NO production. Neutral red and FITC-dextran were used to determine the pinocytic and phagocytic activity. RT-qPCR and ELISA were employed to analyze the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors and production of cytokines and chemokines. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to determine the underlying molecules, regulators and pathways, which were further validated by pathway inhibition and neutralization assays. The results indicated that PPDs significantly enhanced pinocytic and phagocytic activity, promoted the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors and chemokines, and boosted the expression of accessory and costimulatory molecules. RNA-Seq analysis identified 1343 DEGs, 405 GO terms and 91 KEGG pathways. IL6 and TNF were identified as hubs of connectivity in PPDs-mediated macrophage activation. "Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction", "TNF signaling pathway", "NF-kappa B signaling pathway", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway" and "MAPK signaling pathway" were the most significant pathways. The pathway inhibition assay revealed that MAPK and NF-κB pathways were essential to macrophage activation by PPDs. TLR2 and TLR4 were uncovered to be the functional receptors and involved in recognition of PPDs. These results indicated that PPDs modulated macrophage inflammatory response mainly through TLR2/TLR4-dependent MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jing Hou
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Sichun Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xinyu Fu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Songhua Hu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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21
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Jing Y, Zhang S, Li M, Ma Y, Zheng Y, Zhang D, Wu L. Research Progress on the Extraction, Structure, and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides from Coriolus versicolor. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142126. [PMID: 35885369 PMCID: PMC9316838 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Coriolus is the dried fruiting body of Coriolus versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Quel. C. versicolor (CV) is a worldwide-distributed fungus, which is common and widely used in primitive forests in the northern hemisphere. Polysaccharide, as the main active ingredient in CV, has a variety of biological activities, such as promoting immune function, antivirus, antitumor, anti-diabetes, and so on. However, Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide (CVP) faces the problems of a single extraction method, lack of research on separation and purification, and the research on structural characterization is limited to the primary structure. Furthermore, the existing research results have not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research status of CVP in terms of extraction technology, separation and purification, structural characterization, and pharmacological activity in recent years, in order to provide a theoretical basis for in-depth research, development, and utilization of CVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Jing
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.J.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Shilin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.J.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Mingsong Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.J.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.J.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China;
| | - Danshen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.J.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Lanfang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-311-8992-6017
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22
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Angelova G, Brazkova M, Mihaylova D, Slavov A, Petkova N, Blazheva D, Deseva I, Gotova I, Dimitrov Z, Krastanov A. Bioactivity of Biomass and Crude Exopolysaccharides Obtained by Controlled Submerged Cultivation of Medicinal Mushroom Trametes versicolor. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070738. [PMID: 35887493 PMCID: PMC9319109 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize the bioactivity of mycelial biomass and crude exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes versicolor NBIMCC 8939 and to reveal its nutraceutical potential. The EPS (1.58 g/L) were isolated from a culture broth. The macrofungal biomass was rich in protein, insoluble dietary fibers and glucans. The amino acid composition of the biomass was analyzed and 18 amino acids were detected. Three mycelial biomass extracts were prepared and the highest total polyphenol content (16.11 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g DW) and the total flavonoid content (5.15 ± 0.03 mg QE/g DW) were found in the water extract. The results indicated that the obtained EPS were heteropolysaccharides with glucose as the main building monosaccharide and minor amounts of mannose, xylose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the complex structure of the crude EPS. Five probiotic lactic acid bacteria strains were used for the determination of the prebiotic effect of the crude EPS. The anti-inflammatory potential was tested in vitro using cell line HT-29. The significant decrease of IL-1 and IL-8 and increase of TGF-beta expression revealed anti-inflammatory potential of the crude exopolysaccharides from T. versicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galena Angelova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (G.A.); (D.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Mariya Brazkova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (G.A.); (D.M.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dasha Mihaylova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (G.A.); (D.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Anton Slavov
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Nadejda Petkova
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Denica Blazheva
- Department of Microbiology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivelina Deseva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Irina Gotova
- LB-Bulgaricum PLC, R&D Center, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.G.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhechko Dimitrov
- LB-Bulgaricum PLC, R&D Center, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.G.); (Z.D.)
| | - Albert Krastanov
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (G.A.); (D.M.); (A.K.)
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Duan Y, Hu Z, Jin L, Zong T, Huang Y, Sun J, Zhou W, Li G. Isolation, characterization and anticomplementary activity of polysaccharides from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200525. [PMID: 35841390 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharides from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. (BCPs) were obtained by optimal water extraction (extraction temperature 84℃, liquid to solid ratio 42 mL/g and extraction time 100 min), the extraction yield of BCPs was 23.01 ± 0.27% (n=3). Furthermore, two novel polysaccharides (BCP-A1 and BCP-B1) were purified by column chromatography. The BCP-A1 (6.0820×104 kDa) was composed of β -D-Manp-(1→, β -D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→ and →3,4)- β-D-Galp-(1→, and BCP-B1 (2.2744×104 kDa) was composed of →5)-α-L-Araf -(1→, β -D-Manp-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp, →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Galp A-(1→ and →3,4)-β-D-Galp-(1→. In anticomplementary experiments, BCP-A1 (CH50: 0.009 ± 0.003 mg/mL; AP50: 0.015 ± 0.003 mg/mL) and BCP-B1 (CH50: 0.004 ± 0.001 mg/mL; AP50: 0.028 ± 0.005 mg/mL) exhibited potent anticomplementary activity, and acted on C2-, C4- and Factor B components. Our study provides a foundation for BCP-A1 and BCP-B1 as potential complement inhibitors to treat diseases involving with excessive activation of the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Duan
- Yanbian University, Pharmacy, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, CHINA
| | - Zhengyu Hu
- Yanbian University, Pharmacy, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, CHINA
| | - Long Jin
- Yanbian University, Pharmacy, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, CHINA
| | - Tieqiang Zong
- Yanbian University, Pharmacy, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, CHINA
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Yanbian University, Pharmacy, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, CHINA
| | - Jinfeng Sun
- Yanbian University, Pharmacy, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, CHINA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Yanbian University, Pharmacy, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, CHINA
| | - Gao Li
- Yanbian University, Pharmacy, 977 Gongyuan Road, 133002, Yanji, CHINA
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Li K, Wang L, Hu Y, Zhu Z. Structural characterization and protective effect on PC12 cells against H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage of a polysaccharide extracted from mycelia of Lactarius deliciosus Gray. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1815-1825. [PMID: 35487375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The crude polysaccharide LDP was extracted from mycelia of Lactarius deliciosus Gray and then purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-200 to obtain a novel polysaccharide named LDP-CP. LDP-CP was mainly composed of mannose, glucose and galactose with an average molecular weight of 2.33 × 103 kDa. The structure of LDP-CP was determined by FT-IR, methylation and NMR analysis, and the results showed that the sugar linkage units of LDP-CP were composed of (1 → 3)-linked β-D-Manp, (1 → 2,4)-linked α-D-Manp, (1→)-linked α-D-Manp, (1 → 4)-linked β-D-Glcp, (1 → 2)-linked β-D-Manp, (1 → 4,6)-linked α-D-Manp, (1 → 4)-linked α-D-Galp, (1 → 2,3)-linked α-D-Glcp and (1→)-linked α-D-Glcf. The protective effects of LDP and LDP-CP on PC12 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative injury were exhibited by enhancing cell viability and morphological protection. The improvement to the level of LDH, SOD and GSH further indicated that LDP and LDP-CP had ability to alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative damage on PC12 cells. The polysaccharides in Lactarius deliciosus Gray mycelia exhibited the great advantages in the management of oxidative toxicity, which indicated that the polysaccharides can be further developed in application of natural functional food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education-Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Liuya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education-Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ying Hu
- College of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563006, PR China
| | - Zhenyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education-Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects of Inonotus obliquus Extracts on Resting M0 Macrophages and LPS-Induced M1 Macrophages. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8251344. [PMID: 35497923 PMCID: PMC9050302 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8251344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) is a parasitic fungus that is distributed mainly in northeast China. Our literature research showed chaga polysaccharides have bilateral effects on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels when they exert antitumor and antidiabetic activities. The current research tried to explore the influence of chaga extracts on inflammatory factors via macrophage polarization which has bilateral immune-regulation not only on healthy tissue homeostasis but also on pathologies. Methods Chaga was extracted with 100°C water and precipitated with 80% ethanol. The extracts were studied on RAW264.7 macrophage at resting condition (M0) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated subtype (classic activated macrophage, M1). The IL-1β, TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO) level, and the protein expressions of M1 and alternative activated macrophage (M2) markers including IL-1β, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), mannose receptor (CD206), and arginase (Arg)-1 were compared. Results The 100 g extracts contained 13.7 g polysaccharides and 1.9 g polyphenols. Compared with M0, the 50 μg/mL extracts increased NO level (P < 0.05) and decreased CD206 and Arg-1 expression significantly (P < 0.05). The extracts at 100–200 μg/mL increased NO and TNF-α level (P < 0.05), but increased iNOS and IL-1β expression significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with M1, the extracts decreased NO level at 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α level at 100–200 μg/mL significantly (P < 0.05). At 25–200 μg/mL, the extracts significantly increased CD206 and Arg-1 expression and decreased IL-1β and iNOS expression separately (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our research suggested that the bilateral effects of the chaga extracts on iNOS, IL-1β, and NO level on M0/M1 macrophages might be related with chaga polysaccharides and chaga polyphenols. Some in vivo anticancer and antidiabetic research of purified chaga polysaccharides related to macrophage differentiation should be conducted further.
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26
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Zheng Y, Li S, Li C, Shao Y, Chen A. Polysaccharides from Spores of Cordyceps cicadae Protect against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040515. [PMID: 35205991 PMCID: PMC8871426 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the purification, preliminary structure and in vivo immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from the spores of Cordyceps cicadae (CCSP). The crude CCSP was purified by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, affording CCSP-1, CCSP-2 and CCSP-3 with molecular weights of 1.79 × 106, 5.74 × 104 and 7.93 × 103 Da, respectively. CCSP-2 consisted of mannose and glucose, while CCSP-1 and CCSP-3 are composed of three and four monosaccharides with different molar ratios, respectively. CCSP-2 exhibited its ameliorative effects in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice through significantly increasing spleen and thymus indices, enhancing macrophage phagocytic activity, stimulating splenocyte proliferation, improving natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, improving bone marrow suppression, regulating the secretion of cytokines and immunoglobulins, and modulating antioxidant enzyme system. These results indicate that CCSP-2 might be exploited as a promising natural immunomodulator.
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27
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Chen R, Xu J, Wu W, Wen Y, Lu S, El-Seedi HR, Zhao C. Structure–immunomodulatory activity relationships of dietary polysaccharides. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1330-1341. [PMID: 36082139 PMCID: PMC9445227 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are usually composed of more than ten monosaccharide units, which are connected by linear or branched glycosidic bonds. The immunomodulatory effect of natural polysaccharides is one of the most important bioactive function. In this review, molecular weight, monosaccharide (including galactose, mannose, rhamnogalacturonan-I arabinogalactan and uronic acid), functional groups (namely sulfate, selenium, and acetyl groups), types of glycoside bond connection (including β-1,3-D-glucosyl, α-1,4-D-glucosyl, β-1,4-D-glucosyl, α-1,6-D-glucosyl, β-1,4-D-mannosyl, and β-1,4-D-Xylopyranosyl), conformation and the branching degrees are systematically identified as their contribution to the immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides. At present, studies on the structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides are limited due to their low purity and high heterogeneity. However, it is an important step in providing useful guidance for dietary supplements with polysaccharides. The chemical structures and the process of immune responses induced are necessary to be discussed. Polysaccharides may bind with the cell surface receptors to modulate immune responses. This review mainly discusses the structure-activity relationship of dietary polysaccharides. Structure - activity relationships of polysaccharides with immune-enhancing effect are proposed. Polysaccharides with the higher molecular weight are helpful to improve immunity. Higer galactose, mannose, rhamnogalacturonan-I, arabinogalacta,n and uronic acid contents have immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingxiang Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Weihao Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Suyue Lu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Corresponding author.No.15 Shangxiadian Rd, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Ma Z, Sun Q, Chang L, Peng J, Zhang M, Ding X, Zhang Q, Liu G, Liu X, Lan Y. A natural anti-obesity reagent derived from sea buckthorn polysaccharides: Structure characterization and anti-obesity evaluation in vivo. Food Chem 2021; 375:131884. [PMID: 34953239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn polysaccharide (SBP) has received increasing attention for its various bioactive functions. In this study, a novel polysaccharide SBP-1 was initially separated from crude SBP and further purified to obtain its main fraction SBP-1-A with a Mw of 9944 Da, consisting of Rha, Ara, Gal, Glc, and GalA. The structure of SBP-1-A was characterized based on FT-IR, GC-MS, and 1D/2D NMR, and its backbone was composed of a repeated unit of → 3,4)-β-l-Rhap-(1 → 4)-α-d-GalAp-(1 → 4)-α-d-GalAp-(1 → with branches at C-4 position comprised of α-l-Araf, β-d-Galp, β-d-Glcp, α-d-Glcp. Besides, the anti-obesity effects of SBP-1 on high-fat diet mice were evaluated, indicating it could restrain the body weight gain and lipids accumulation by promoting the expression of PGC1α, UCP-1, and PRDM16 to activate the brown adipocyte and improve the thermogenesis. In summary, the results offered new supports for the structural information of SBP and its feasibility to be used as a natural anti-obesity reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qingyang Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lili Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xuechao Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Guoku Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ying Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Purification, Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Amomumvillosum Lour. on RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092672. [PMID: 34063301 PMCID: PMC8125432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomum Villosum Lour. (A. villosum) is a folk medicine that has been used for more than 1300 years. However, study of the polysaccharides of A. villosum is seriously neglected. The objectives of this study are to explore the structural characteristics of polysaccharides from A. villosum (AVPs) and their effects on immune cells. In this study, the acidic polysaccharides (AVPG-1 and AVPG-2) were isolated from AVPs and purified via anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The structural characteristics of the polysaccharides were characterized by methylation, HPSEC-MALLS-RID, HPLC, FT-IR, SEM, GC-MS and NMR techniques. AVPG-1 with a molecular weight of 514 kDa had the backbone of → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3,4)-β-d-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 →. AVPG-2 with a higher molecular weight (14800 kDa) comprised a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 →. RAW 264.7 cells were used to investigate the potential effect of AVPG-1 and AVPG-2 on macrophages, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a positive control. The results from bioassays showed that AVPG-2 exhibited stronger immunomodulatory activity than AVPG-1. AVPG-2 significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) production as well as the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and upregulated phagocytic capacities of RAW 264.7 cells. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that AVPG-2 was able to turn the polarization of macrophages to the M1 direction. These results suggested that AVPs could be explored as potential immunomodulatory agents of the functional foods or complementary medicine.
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30
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Zhao C, Wei M, Zheng Y, Tao W, Lv Q, Wang Q, Wang S, Chen Y. The Analyses of Chemical Components From Oldenlandia hedyotidea (DC.) Hand.-Mazz and Anticancer Effects in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:624296. [PMID: 34040516 PMCID: PMC8141642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.624296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oldenlandia hedyotidea (DC.) Hand.-Mazz (OH), also known as sweet tea, is a valuable functional food with medicinal properties and is used for the treatment of cold, cough, gastroenteritis, heatstroke, herpes zoster, and rheumatoid arthritis. The phytochemicals in plant-based foods are responsible for the occurrence of these diseases to some extent. However, there is a scarcity of information on the chemical components of OH. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the phytochemical components of OH using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and UHPLC triple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS). The main component of the OH extract, asperulosidic acid, was additionally quantified using UHPLC with ultraviolet detection (UHPLC-UV). The anticancer activity of the OH extract was assessed by a cell proliferation assay and a scratch assay using an esophageal cancer cell line. Ten compounds were tentatively identified in the aqueous extract of OH, including five iridoids, two anthraquinones, and one phenolic acid. The content of asperulosidic acid in the aqueous extract of OH was approximately 42 μg ml-1, and the extract exerted definite in vitro anticancer effects. The results can be used for quality control and assessment of the OH extract, which can serve as a promising source of functional ingredients for potential use in the food and drug industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yicun Chen
- *Correspondence: Yicun Chen, ; Shuyun Wang,
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