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Arantes V, Las-Casas B, Dias IKR, Yupanqui-Mendoza SL, Nogueira CFO, Marcondes WF. Enzymatic approaches for diversifying bioproducts from cellulosic biomass. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9704-9732. [PMID: 39132917 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02114b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Cellulosic biomass is the most abundantly available natural carbon-based renewable resource on Earth. Its widespread availability, combined with rising awareness, evolving policies, and changing regulations supporting sustainable practices, has propelled its role as a crucial renewable feedstock to meet the escalating demand for eco-friendly and renewable materials, chemicals, and fuels. Initially, biorefinery models using cellulosic biomass had focused on single-product platform, primarily monomeric sugars for biofuel. However, since the launch of the first pioneering cellulosic plants in 2014, these models have undergone significant revisions to adapt their biomass upgrading strategy. These changes aim to diversify the bioproduct portfolio and improve the revenue streams of cellulosic biomass biorefineries. Within this area of research and development, enzyme-based technologies can play a significant role by contributing to eco-design in producing and creating innovative bioproducts. This Feature Article highlights our strategies and recent progress in utilizing the biological diversity and inherent selectivity of enzymes to develop and continuously optimize sustainable enzyme-based technologies with distinct application approaches. We have advanced technologies for standalone platforms, which produce various forms of cellulose nanomaterials engineered with customized and enhanced properties and high yields. Additionally, we have tailored technologies for integration within a biorefinery concept. This biorefinery approach prioritizes designing tailored processes to establish bionanomaterials, such as cellulose and lignin nanoparticles, and bioactive molecules as part of a new multi-bioproduct platform for cellulosic biomass biorefineries. These innovations expand the range of bioproducts that can be produced from cellulosic biomass, transcending the conventional focus on monomeric sugars for biofuel production to include biomaterials biorefinery. This shift thereby contributes to strengthening the Bioeconomy strategy and supporting the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdeir Arantes
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Las-Casas
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Isabella K R Dias
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Luis Yupanqui-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlaile F O Nogueira
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Wilian F Marcondes
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Liu H, Wang Z, Xin H, Liu J, Wang Q, Pang B, Zhang K. Polysaccharide Nanocrystals-Based Chiral Nematic Structures: From Self-Assembly Mechanisms, Regulation, to Applications. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22675-22708. [PMID: 39137301 PMCID: PMC11363144 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Chiral architectures, one of the key structural features of natural systems ranging from the nanoscale to macroscale, are an infinite source of inspiration for functional materials. Researchers have been, and still are, strongly pursuing the goal of constructing such structures with renewable and sustainable building blocks via simple and efficient strategies. With the merits of high sustainability, renewability, and the ability to self-assemble into chiral nematic structures in aqueous suspensions that can be preserved in the solid state, polysaccharide nanocrystals (PNs) including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) offer opportunities to reach the target. We herein provide a comprehensive review that focuses on the development of CNCs and ChNCs for the use in advanced functional materials. First, the introduction of CNCs and ChNCs, and cellulose- and chitin-formed chiral nematic organizations in the natural world, are given. Then, the self-assembly process of such PNs and the factors influencing this process are comprehensively discussed. After that, we showcased the emerging applications of the self-assembled chiral nematic structures of CNCs and ChNCs. Finally, this review concludes with perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- National
Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber
Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haowei Xin
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School
of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, National
University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable
Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based
Composites, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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3
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Yupanqui-Mendoza SL, Arantes V. An enzymatic hydrolysis-based platform technology for the efficient high-yield production of cellulose nanospheres. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134602. [PMID: 39127282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the feasibility of using enzymatic technology to produce novel nanostructures of cellulose nanomaterials, specifically cellulose nanospheres (CNS), through enzymatic hydrolysis with endoglucanase and xylanase of pre-treated cellulose fibers. A statistical experimental design facilitated a comprehensive understanding of the process parameters, which enabled high yields of up to 82.7 %, while maintaining a uniform diameter of 54 nm and slightly improved crystallinity and thermal stability. Atomic force microscopy analyses revealed a distinct CNS formation mechanism, where initial fragmentation of rod-like nanoparticles and subsequent self-assembly of shorter rod-shaped nanoparticles led to CNS formation. Additionally, adjustments in process parameters allowed precise control over the CNS diameter, ranging from 20 to 100 nm, highlighting the potential for customization in high-performance applications. Furthermore, this study demonstrates how the process framework, originally developed for cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) production, was successfully adapted and optimized for CNS production, ensuring scalability and efficiency. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the versatility and efficiency of the enzyme-based platform for producing high-quality CNS, providing valuable insights into energy consumption for large-scale economic and environmental assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Luis Yupanqui-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Valdeir Arantes
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP 12602-810, Brazil.
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4
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Palanisamy S, Selvaraju GD, Selvakesavan RK, Venkatachalam S, Bharathi D, Lee J. Unlocking sustainable solutions: Nanocellulose innovations for enhancing the shelf life of fruits and vegetables - A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129592. [PMID: 38272412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Regarding food security and waste reduction, preserving fruits and vegetables is a vital problem. This comprehensive study examines the innovative potential of coatings and packaging made of nanocellulose to extend the shelf life of perishable foods. The distinctive merits of nanocellulose, which is prepared from renewable sources, include exceptional gas barrier performance, moisture retention, and antibacterial activity. As a result of these merits, it is a good option for reducing food spoilage factors such as oxidation, desiccation, and microbiological contamination. Nanocellulose not only enhances food preservation but also complies with industry-wide environmental objectives. This review explores the many facets of nanocellulose technology, from its essential characteristics to its use in the preservation of fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, it deals with vital issues including scalability, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory constraints. While the use of nanocellulose in food preservation offers fascinating potential, it also wants to be cautiously careful to assure affordability, effectiveness, and safety. To fully use the potential of nanocellulose and advance the sustainability plan in the food business, collaboration between scientists, regulatory bodies, and industry stakeholders is important as we stand on the cusp of a revolutionary era in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Palanisamy
- School of Biotechnology, Dr. G R Damodaran College of Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Gayathri Devi Selvaraju
- Department of Biotechnology, KIT - Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Devaraj Bharathi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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5
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Grachev V, Deschaume O, Lang PR, Lettinga MP, Bartic C, Thielemans W. Dimensions of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Cotton and Bacterial Cellulose: Comparison of Microscopy and Scattering Techniques. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:455. [PMID: 38470785 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Different microscopy and scattering methods used in the literature to determine the dimensions of cellulose nanocrystals derived from cotton and bacterial cellulose were compared to investigate potential bias and discrepancies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), depolarized dynamic light scattering (DDLS), and static light scattering (SLS) were compared. The lengths, widths, and heights of the particles and their respective distributions were determined by AFM. In agreement with previous work, the CNCs were found to have a ribbon-like shape, regardless of the source of cellulose or the surface functional groups. Tip broadening and agglomeration of the particles during deposition cause AFM-derived lateral dimensions to be systematically larger those obtained from SAXS measurements. The radius of gyration determined by SLS showed a good correlation with the dimensions obtained by AFM. The hydrodynamic lateral dimensions determined by DDLS were found to have the same magnitude as either the width or height obtained from the other techniques; however, the precision of DDLS was limited due to the mismatch between the cylindrical model and the actual shape of the CNCs, and to constraints in the fitting procedure. Therefore, the combination of AFM and SAXS, or microscopy and small-angle scattering, is recommended for the most accurate determination of CNC dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Grachev
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- Laboratory for Soft Matter Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D Box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter R Lang
- Institute for Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes Group (IBI-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Minne Paul Lettinga
- Laboratory for Soft Matter Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D Box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute for Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes Group (IBI-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Laboratory for Soft Matter Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D Box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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6
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Ge J, Lu W, Zhang H, Gong Y, Wang J, Xie Y, Chang Q, Deng X. Exploring sustainable food packaging: Nanocellulose composite films with enhanced mechanical strength, antibacterial performance, and biodegradability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129200. [PMID: 38218266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Food packaging films play a vital role in preserving and protecting food. However, due to their non-biodegradability, conventional packaging materials have led to significant environmental pollution. To overcome this hurdle, we have developed safe, innovative, sustainable and biodegradable packaging materials that can effectively extend the shelf life of food. In this study, two types of cellulose materials cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with complementary roles were combined to prepare nanocellulose composite films with high transparency (90.3 %) of a certain thickness (30 ± 0.019 μm) by solution casting method, and their mechanical properties were further optimized by the addition of plasticizer-glycerol (Gly) and cross-linking agent-glutaraldehyde (GA), so as to maintain the strong tensile strength (≈112.60 MPa) and better malleability (4.12 %). In addition, we loaded the natural active agent tea polyphenols (TPs) with different concentrations to study the inhibition effect on E.coli and S.aureus and to simulate food packaging. Finally, we also found that the synthesized nanocellulose composite films can also achieve rapid degradation in a short time through soil burial, water flushing and immersion. The excellent performance demonstrated in this study provides reference value for further replacing petroleum-based materials with biomass materials in the field of food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Ge
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Wenyi Lu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yao Gong
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yijun Xie
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Qing Chang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyong Deng
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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7
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Vu AN, Nguyen LH, Tran HCV, Yoshimura K, Tran TD, Van Le H, Nguyen NUT. Cellulose nanocrystals extracted from rice husk using the formic/peroxyformic acid process: isolation and structural characterization. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2048-2060. [PMID: 38196902 PMCID: PMC10775157 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06724f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulose derived from biomass is a renewable resource with numerous applications. Using formic/peroxyformic acid at atmospheric pressure, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were isolated from rice husk (RH) in this study. This method was an excellent way to get rid of lignin and hemicelluloses from RH. The cellulose was subsequently acid hydrolyzed by H2SO4 (64%) for 30 minutes at 45 °C. The chemical and microstructure analysis showed that the lignin and hemicellulose contents of raw RH had been eliminated, and the crystallinity content of CNC was 67.16%. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) morphological analysis, CNC measured 19 ± 3.3 nm in diameter, 195 ± 24 nm in length, and 10.2 ± 6.8 in aspect ratio. The thermal stability of RH and CNC was also investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These encouraging findings demonstrated the potential for reusing RH agricultural waste to create CNC and include nanocomposites as a reinforcing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Nang Vu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Long Hoang Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Ha-Chi V Tran
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Kimio Yoshimura
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST) Takasaki Gunma 370-1292 Japan
| | - Tap Duy Tran
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Hieu Van Le
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials, University of Science, VNU-HCM 700000 Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Uyen T Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
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8
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Mahur BK, Ahuja A, Singh S, Maji PK, Rastogi VK. Different nanocellulose morphologies (cellulose nanofibers, nanocrystals and nanospheres) extracted from Sunn hemp (Crotalaria Juncea). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126657. [PMID: 37660858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose of different morphologies was extracted from Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria Juncea) using acid hydrolysis. The work focused on two objectives: first, to valorize the Sunn Hemp fibers for nanocellulose (NC) production, and second, to study the effects of acid concentration on different morphologies of NC and their properties. The study extracted nanocellulose at five different concentrations of H2SO4: 16 %, 32 %, 48 %, 64 %, and 72 %. Obtained nanocellulose was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). AFM and FE-SEM confirmed the production of three different morphologies of nanocellulose. The NC-32 had a web-like structure typically observed for cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), whereas NC-48 and NC-64 were observed as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with rod-like and needle-like shapes, respectively, and NC-72 displayed spherical particles termed cellulose nanospheres (CNS). The total crystallinity index of NC was calculated using FTIR, and a similar trend of crystallinity was also observed from XRD analysis. NC-32 was obtained with the highest yield of 94.83 %, followed by 91.40 % and 81.70 % for NC-48 and NC-64, respectively, whereas NC-72 yielded the lowest yield of 12.03 %. NC-72 had the highest thermal stability among other NC morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupender Kumar Mahur
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Arihant Ahuja
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Shiva Singh
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, 247001, UP, India
| | - Pradip K Maji
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, 247001, UP, India
| | - Vibhore Kumar Rastogi
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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9
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Yang D, Fan B, Sun G, He YC, Ma C. Ultraviolet blocking ability, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of newly prepared polyvinyl alcohol-nanocellulose‑silver nanoparticles-ChunJian peel extract composite film. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126427. [PMID: 37598821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, nanocellulose (CNC) from waste water chestnut (WCT) shell was firstly used for preparing nanocomposite films, by using ChunJian peel extract (CJPE) as a green reducing agent to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and then loading them into polyvinyl alcohol-nanocellulose (PVA-CNC) matrix, a multifunctional nanocomposite material that could be used in food packaging was developed. The prepared films were tested for mechanical strength, barrier properties, thermal properties, antibacterial, antioxidant and biocompatibility through various characterizations. The PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE film had good thermostability, mechanical strength, barrier properties, and biocompatibility. Compared with pure PVA film and PVA-CNC film, PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE could shield over 95 % of the UVB (320-275 nm) spectrum and UVC (275-200 nm) spectrum and most of the UVA (400-320 nm). By disk diffusion analysis, the inhibition zones of PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE film against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. faecalis were 22.3 mm, 25.0 mm, 22.0 mm and 19.3 mm, respectively. The milk antibacterial simulation test confirmed that PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE film could effectively limit bacterial reproduction and prolong the shelf life of milk. PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE film had excellent UV barrier properties, good antioxidant properties and high-efficiency antibacterial activity, which is expected to be widely used in sustainable nanocomposite food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Bo Fan
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guangting Sun
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Lifes, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Cuiluan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Lifes, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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10
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Leong MY, Kong YL, Harun MY, Looi CY, Wong WF. Current advances of nanocellulose application in biomedical field. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108899. [PMID: 37478689 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) is a natural fiber that can be extracted in fibrils or crystals form from different natural sources, including plants, bacteria, and algae. In recent years, nanocellulose has emerged as a sustainable biomaterial for various medicinal applications including drug delivery systems, wound healing, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial treatment due to its biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and exceptional water holding capacity for cell immobilization. Many antimicrobial products can be produced due to the chemical functionality of nanocellulose, such disposable antibacterial smart masks for healthcare use. This article discusses comprehensively three types of nanocellulose: cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) in view of their structural and functional properties, extraction methods, and the distinctive biomedical applications based on the recently published work. On top of that, the biosafety profile and the future perspectives of nanocellulose-based biomaterials have been further discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Leong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Y L Kong
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, American Degree Program, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - M Y Harun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - C Y Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - W F Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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11
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Liu B, Cheng L, Yuan Y, Hu J, Zhou L, Zong L, Duan Y, Zhang J. Liquid-crystalline assembly of spherical cellulose nanocrystals. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124738. [PMID: 37169056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), also called cellulose nanorods (CNRs), possess anisotropic properties that allow for their self-organization into chiral nematic liquid crystals. Interestingly, spherical cellulose nanocrystals (cellulose nanospheres, CNSs) have also been shown to form a chiral liquid-crystalline phase in recent years. Herein, to understand how the similar assembly takes places as particle dimension changes, the organization features of CNSs were investigated. Results of this study demonstrate that above a critical concentration in suspension, CNSs organize into a liquid-crystal phase consisting of periodically parallel-aligned layer structures. This structure persists after suspension drying. In comparison with CNRs, the alignment of CNSs exhibits a shorter layer distance, lower order degree, and weaker long-range orientation. To explain the early stages of tactoid formation, a "caterpillar-like" model was proposed, which was captured by freezing the CNS suspension in an intermediate aggregation state. This structure serves as the fundamental unit for further liquid-crystal assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Jian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lu Zong
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yongxin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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12
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Wu K, Wang B, Dou R, Zhang Y, Xue Z, Liu Y, Niu Y. Synthesis of functional poly(amidoamine) dendrimer decorated apple residue cellulose for efficient removal of aqueous Hg(II). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123327. [PMID: 36681224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution caused by Hg(II) exerts hazardous effect to the environment and public health. The design and fabrication of eco-friendly bioadsorbents for efficient removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution is a promising strategy. Herein, a series of bioadsorbents were synthesized by the decoration of apple residue cellulose with different generation (G) Schiff base functionalized poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (SA-G0/CE, SA-G1.0/CE and SA-G2.0/CE). The structures of SA-G0/CE, SA-G1.0/CE and SA-G2.0/CE were characterized and their adsorption performances were determined comprehensively by considering various factors. The maximum adsorption capacity of SA-G0/CE, SA-G1.0/CE and SA-G2.0/CE for Hg(II) are 1.18, 1.73 and 1.88 mmol·g-1, respectively. The as-prepared bioadsorbents exhibit competitive adsorption capacity as compared with other reported adsorbents. Moreover, they exhibit remarkable adsorption selectivity toward Hg(II) with the coexistence of Ni(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), or Pb(II). The bioadsorbents display satisfactory adsorption performance in real water sample and can be reused with good regeneration property. Adsorption mechanism reveals that the functional groups of OH, -CONH-, CN and NC take part in the adsorption for Hg(II). The work not only opens a pathway to realize the reuse of apple residue, but also provides a promising strategy to construct efficient bioadsorbents for the decontamination of Hg(II) from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Ruyue Dou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Zhongxin Xue
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Yuzhong Niu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
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13
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Valdés A, Mondragon G, Garrigós MC, Eceiza A, Jiménez A. Microwave-assisted extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from almond ( Prunus amygdalus) shell waste. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1071754. [PMID: 36761988 PMCID: PMC9902720 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1071754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Almond (Prunus amygdalus) is one of the most common tree nuts on a worldwide basis. This nut is highly regarded in the food and cosmetic industries. However, for all these applications, almonds are used without their shell protection, which is industrially removed contributing approximately 35-75% of the total fruit weight. This residue is normally incinerated or dumped, causing several environmental problems. In this study, a novel cellulose nanocrystal (CNCs) extraction procedure from almond shell (AS) waste by using microwave-assisted extraction was developed and compared with the conventional approach. A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design with five central points was used to evaluate the influence of extraction temperature, irradiation time, and NaOH concentration during the alkalization stage in crystallinity index (CI) values. A similar CI value (55.9 ± 0.7%) was obtained for the MAE process, comprising only three stages, compared with the conventional optimized procedure (55.5 ± 1.0%) with five stages. As a result, a greener and more environmentally friendly CNC extraction protocol was developed with a reduction in time, solvent, and energy consumption. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray diffractogram (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and thermal stability studies of samples confirmed the removal of non-cellulosic components after the chemical treatments. TEM images revealed a spherical shape of CNCs with an average size of 21 ± 6 nm, showing great potential to be used in food packaging, biological, medical, and photoelectric materials. This study successfully applied MAE for the extraction of spherical-shaped CNCs from AS with several advantages compared with the conventional procedure, reducing costs for industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantzazu Valdés
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain,*Correspondence: Arantzazu Valdés,
| | - Gurutz Mondragon
- Materials Technologies Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country - UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María Carmen Garrigós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Arantxa Eceiza
- Materials Technologies Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country - UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alfonso Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
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14
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Kim M, Kim S, Han N, Lee S, Kim H. Understanding viscoelastic behavior of hybrid nanocellulose film based on rheological and electrostatic observation in blended suspension. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 300:120218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Tarrés Q, Aguado R, Zoppe JO, Mutjé P, Fiol N, Delgado-Aguilar M. Dynamic Light Scattering Plus Scanning Electron Microscopy: Usefulness and Limitations of a Simplified Estimation of Nanocellulose Dimensions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4288. [PMID: 36500912 PMCID: PMC9739265 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of nanocellulose size usually demand very high-resolution techniques and tedious image processing, mainly in what pertains to the length of nanofibers. Aiming to ease the process, this work assesses a relatively simple method to estimate the dimensions of nanocellulose particles with an aspect ratio greater than 1. Nanocellulose suspensions, both as nanofibers and as nanocrystals, are subjected to dynamic light scattering (DLS) and to field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The former provides the hydrodynamic diameter, as long as the scatter angle and the consistency are adequate. Assays with different angles and concentrations compel us to recommend forward scattering (12.8°) and concentrations around 0.05-0.10 wt %. Then, FE-SEM with magnifications of ×5000-×20,000 generally suffices to obtain an acceptable approximation for the actual diameter, at least for bundles. Finally, length can be estimated by a simple geometric relationship. Regardless of whether they are collected from FE-SEM or DLS, size distributions are generally skewed to lower diameters. Width distributions from FE-SEM, in particular, are well fitted to log-normal functions. Overall, while this method is not valid for the thinnest fibrils or for single, small nanocrystals, it can be useful in lieu of very high-resolution techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quim Tarrés
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Agricultural Engineering and Agrifood Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Roberto Aguado
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Agricultural Engineering and Agrifood Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Justin O. Zoppe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Mutjé
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Agricultural Engineering and Agrifood Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Fiol
- Department of Chemical and Agricultural Engineering and Agrifood Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Agricultural Engineering and Agrifood Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
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16
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Verma C, Chhajed M, Singh S, Sathwane M, Maji PK. Bioinspired structural color sensors based on self-assembled cellulose nanocrystal/citric acid to distinguish organic solvents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Lam DN, Thien DVH, Nguyen CN, Nguyen NTT, Van Viet N, Van-Pham DT. Thermally stable cellulose nanospheres prepared from office waste paper by complete removal of hydrolyzed sulfate groups. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Singh S, Bhardwaj S, Verma C, Chhajed M, Balayan K, Ghosh K, Maji PK. Elliptically birefringent chemically tuned liquid crystalline nanocellulose composites for photonic applications. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Roy S, Das T, Dasgupta Ghosh B, Goh KL, Sharma K, Chang YW. From Hazardous Waste to Green Applications: Selective Surface Functionalization of Waste Cigarette Filters for High-Performance Robust Triboelectric Nanogenerators and CO 2 Adsorbents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31973-31985. [PMID: 35792904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a novel and rational approach to convert waste cigarette filters (CFs), one of the largest sources of ocean pollution, into high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and efficient CO2-capturing adsorbents. CFs are plasticized cellulose acetate, which take several years to degrade. To revalorize these fibers, selective amine surface functionalization is performed (10PAL-20T-CFs). For the proof of concept, when the modified fibers are employed in a TENG, it could generate an output voltage (96.63 V) and current (9.37 μA) that are, respectively, 43 and 8 times higher than those obtained employing the pristine CFs for the nanogenerator. The proposed TENG displays an instantaneous peak power of 3.75 mW, which is higher than that of many recently reported TENGs made from cellulose materials. Moreover, the TENG displayed outstanding durability to humidity and high-performance stability when it is subjected to cyclic loading (i.e., 12,000 cycles of loading-unloading). A 9 cm2 TENG could effectively light up 100 or more colored light-emitting diodes when it is manually pressed. Finally, the modified filter fibers show an excellent CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.93 mmol/g, which is 9.2 times higher than that obtained using the pristine fibers. These results demonstrate that hazardous wastes such as CFs can be upcycled into valuable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Roy
- Newcastle University in Singapore, 172A Ang Mo Kio Avenue, Singapore 567739, Singapore
- Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh 24701, India
| | - Tanya Das
- Techno India University, Sector V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700091, India
| | | | - Kheng Lim Goh
- Newcastle University in Singapore, 172A Ang Mo Kio Avenue, Singapore 567739, Singapore
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Young-Wook Chang
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi 15588, South Korea
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20
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Chhajed M, Verma C, Sathawane M, Singh S, Maji PK. Mechanically durable green aerogel composite based on agricultural lignocellulosic residue for organic liquids/oil sorption. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113790. [PMID: 35689938 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Various oil spill cleanup sorbents have good hydrophobicity and oil separation efficiency, but their practical use has been limited due to the difficult and costly fabrication procedure. The research aims towards material development using the consumption of lignocellulosic agricultural residue for isolating cellulose nanofiber and its forward use to construct a 3D porous structure. A simple freeze-drying technique was used to assemble low-density porous structure. The biodegradable polylactic acid coating was used to alter the wettability from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and the maximum water contact angle value was around 120°. The prepared coated samples were testified for a series of oil/organic solvents-water mixtures. The sorption capacity was in the range of 28-70 g/g. The prepared aerogels were efficiently reused for at least 10 cycles. Developed material was used in continuous oil-water separation to remove oil from the water's surface. The cost analysis was estimated for scaleup production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chhajed
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, U.P., India
| | - Chhavi Verma
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, U.P., India
| | - Manoj Sathawane
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, U.P., India
| | - Shiva Singh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, U.P., India
| | - Pradip K Maji
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, U.P., India.
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21
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Mohamed SH, Hossain MS, Kassim MHM, Balakrishnan V, Habila MA, Zulkharnain A, Zulkifli M, Yahaya ANA. Biosorption of Cr(VI) Using Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated from the Waterless Pulping of Waste Cotton Cloths with Supercritical CO 2: Isothermal, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:887. [PMID: 35267710 PMCID: PMC8912417 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was utilized as a waterless pulping for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from waste cotton cloths (WCCs). The isolation of CNCs from the scCO2-treated WCCs' fiber was carried out using sulphuric acid hydrolysis. The morphological and physicochemical properties analyses showed that the CNCs isolated from the WCCs had a rod-like structure, porous surface, were crystalline, and had a length of 100.03 ± 1.15 nm and a width of 7.92 ± 0.53 nm. Moreover, CNCs isolated from WCCs had a large specific surface area and a negative surface area with uniform nano-size particles. The CNCs isolated from WCCs were utilized as an adsorbent for the hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] removal from aqueous solution with varying parameters, such as treatment time, adsorbent doses, pH, and temperature. It was found that the CNCs isolated from the WCCs were a bio-sorbent for the Cr(VI) removal. The maximum Cr(VI) removal was determined to be 96.97% at pH 2, 1.5 g/L of adsorbent doses, the temperature of 60 °C, and the treatment time of 30 min. The adsorption behavior of CNCs for Cr(VI) removal was determined using isothermal, kinetics, and thermodynamics properties analyses. The findings of the present study revealed that CNCs isolated from the WCCs could be utilized as a bio-sorbent for Cr(VI) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hajar Mohamed
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.H.M.); (M.H.M.K.)
| | - Md. Sohrab Hossain
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.H.M.); (M.H.M.K.)
| | | | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamed A. Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Azham Zulkharnain
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, College of Systems Engineering and Science, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan;
| | - Muzafar Zulkifli
- Institute of Chemical and Bio-Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian, Alor Gajah, Melaka 78000, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya
- Institute of Chemical and Bio-Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian, Alor Gajah, Melaka 78000, Malaysia;
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22
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Roy S, Ghosh BD, Goh KL, Muthoka RM, Kim J. Modulation of interfacial interactions toward strong and tough cellulose nanofiber-based transparent thin films with antifogging feature. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118974. [PMID: 34973788 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linking is often performed to overcome the weak mechanical properties of native polymer films in order to expand their functional properties and applications. While this approach offers enhanced strength to the film, the film also suffers from low flexibility, low toughness and high brittleness. However, in view of the growing demand for strong and tough transparent thin films, this article reported our study to develop films made from cellulose nanofiber (CNF) via tailoring the interfacial bonding interactions through the application of glycerol (Gly) and glutaraldehyde (GA), which functioned as a plasticizer and cross-linking agent, respectively. Among the prepared films, the 10GA-8Gly-CNF film exhibited the best results with regard to the enhancement in the tensile strength (21.1%), Young's modulus (10.6%), elongation at break (100%) and toughness (32.7%), as compared to the native CNF film. Importantly, treating the surface of the film to radiofrequency oxygen plasma endowed the film with antifogging property, without compromising the optical clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Roy
- GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India; CRC for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - Barnali Dasgupta Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India 83521
| | - Kheng Lim Goh
- Newcastle University in Singapore, 172A Ang Mo Kio Avenue, Singapore 567739, Singapore
| | - Ruth M Muthoka
- CRC for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- CRC for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
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23
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Tian W, Gao X, Zhang J, Yu J, Zhang J. Cellulose nanosphere: Preparation and applications of the novel nanocellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118863. [PMID: 34893268 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, cellulose nanosphere (CNS) has gained growing attention and rapid development. As a new type of nanocellulose materials, CNS can be prepared from native cellulose by using methods which have been adopted extensively to prepare the well-known nanocelluloses, i.e., cellulose nanofiber and cellulose nanocrystal. The particular interest is that the regenerated cellulose and mercerized cellulose can also be used as important feedstocks to produce CNS. In this review, the preparation methods of CNS are described and discussed, via both top-down processes, including chemical, mechanical, and enzymolysis ones, and bottom-up processes by using various cellulose I and II starting materials. This review also highlights the researches relative to cellulose composite nanospheres, and summarizes the applications of spherical cellulose-based nanoparticles. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities of CNS are prospected in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuexin Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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24
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Perumal AB, Nambiar RB, Sellamuthu PS, Sadiku ER, Li X, He Y. Extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from areca waste and its application in eco-friendly biocomposite film. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132084. [PMID: 34500331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Areca nut husk fibers are easily available and they are abundant agricultural waste, whose utilization to high value products needs more attention. The present study aims at the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from areca nut husk fibers and the evaluation of its reinforcement capacity in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) film. The CNC showed rod-like structures, which were confirmed by TEM and AFM analysis. The diameter of the isolated CNC was 19 ± 3.3 nm; the length was about 195 ± 24 nm with an aspect ratio of 10.2 ± 6.8. The zeta potential of CNC was -15.3 ± 1.2 mV. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis showed that the non-cellulosic compounds were effectively eliminated, and the X-ray diffraction results showed that CNC had higher crystallinity than the raw, alkali, and the bleached fibers. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed good thermal stability for the CNC. Moreover, the effects of the incorporation of CNC on the optical and tensile behaviours of the bionanocomposite film were investigated. The bionanocomposite film retained the same transparency as the PVA/CS film, indicating that the CNC was disseminated evenly in the film. The incorporation of CNC (3 wt%) to the PVA/CS film enhanced the tensile strength of the bionanocomposite film (9.46 ± 1.6 MPa) when compared to the control films (7.81 ± 1.4 MPa). Furthermore, the prepared nanobiocomposite film exhibited good antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogenic bacteria and postharvest pathogenic fungi. These findings suggest that the bionanocomposite film might be suitable for food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Babu Perumal
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Postharvest Research Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Reshma B Nambiar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Postharvest Research Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India; College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Periyar Selvam Sellamuthu
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Postharvest Research Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku
- Institute of NanoEngineering Research (INER) and Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Staatsartillerie Rd, Pretoria, 0183, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Wang XY, Nie JH, Zhao ND, Hou YC, Guo YR, Li S, Pan QJ. Experimental and first-principle computational exploration on biomass cellulose/magnesium hydroxide composite: Local structure, interfacial interaction and antibacterial property. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:584-590. [PMID: 34582905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The specification of the local structure and clarification of interfacial interactions of biomass composites is of tremendous significance in synthesizing novel materials and advancing their performance in various demanding applications. However, it remains challenging due to the limitations of experimental techniques, particularly for the manner that biomass composites commonly have hydrogen bonds involved in the vicinity of active sites and interfaces. Herein, the cellulose/Mg(OH)2 nanocomposite has been synthesized via a simple hydrothermal approach and examined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The composite exhibits a layered morphology; Mg(OH)2 flakes are around 50 nm in size and well-dispersed. They either anchor onto the cellulose surface or intercalate between layers. The specific composite structure was confirmed theoretically, in line with XRD, SEM and TEM observations. The interfacial interactions were found to be hydrogen bonding. The average adsorption energy per hydroxyl group was computed to be within -0.47 and -0.26 eV for a composite model comprising three cellulose chains and a two-layered Mg(OH)2 cluster. The combined computational/experimental results allow to postulate the antibacterial mechanism of the nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jing-Heng Nie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nian-Dan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yu-Chang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuan-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Qing-Jiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
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The role of rheological premonitory of hydrogels based on cellulose nanofibers and polymethylsilsesquioxane on the physical properties of corresponding aerogels. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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